tissues: an overview

Presentation on Animal tissue.

Maninder KaurAssistant professor (Shri ram college of pharmacy, karnal)

Maninder Kaur M.Pharm(Pharmacology)


Tissues

Definition: a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure.


Types of Tissue

1)Epithelium - Covering

2)Connective - Support

3)Muscle - Movement

4)Nervous - Control

Epithelial Tissue• Epithelium: It is a sheet of cells that covers

a body surface or lines a body cavity; also form most of the body’s glands

• Roles: as interfaces and as boundaries• Functions:

• Protection.• Sensory reception.• Secretion.• Absorption.• Ion transport. • Filtration .• Formation of slippery surfaces for movement


Special characteristics of epithelium tissue

• Cellularity• Specialized contacts• Polarity

– Free upper surface– Lower surface contributing basal lamina to

basement membrane

• Support by connective tissue • Avascular but innervated

– Without vessels– With nerve endings

• Regeneration



• Simple: just one layer or cell shape

• Stratified: multiple layers and cell shapes

Classes of Epithelium tissue


Simple Epithelium TissueType Cell shape Example

Squamous Squashed Endothelium (lines blood vessels), mesothelium (serous lining of celom).

Cuboidal Cubed Walls of glands.

Columnar Ciliated Glandular

Columns Cilia Present Multi cellular

Lining of gut tube; sometimes with cilia like lining of uterine tube.

Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise to columns

With cilia in respiratory tubes to move mucous/particles out of lungs.

Simple squamous epithelium tissue


Simple cuboidal epithelium tissue


Simple columnar epithelium tissue



Stratified Epithelium Tissue

• Squamous– E.g. epidermis

• Transitional epithelium– E.g. urinary

structures--bladder

– Stretches from 6 cells to 3 cells thick as bladder fills and expands.

Stratified squamous epithelium tissue


Stratified cuboidal epithelium tissue


Stratified columnar epithelium tissue


Transitional epithelium tissue



Cell Junctions b/w cells

1. Desmosome: binding spots

between cells with proteins called

cadherins.

2. Tight junctions: impermeable

3. Gap junctions: tubes that let small

molecules pass between cells


Name that Epithelial Feature(name and location on cell)

• Cilia• Tight

junction• Microvilli• Basement

membrane

2

3

4

1

3

1

2

4


CONNECTIVE TISSUES

• It is originated from embryonic tissue called

mesenchyme.

• Most diverse and abundant type of tissue.

• Function: To protect, support and bind together

other tissues

– Bones, ligaments, tendons, Areolar cushions.

– Blood cells replenished.

• Cells separated from one another by large

amount of nonliving extracellular matrix

Classes of connective tissue


Basic connective tissue


Loose connective tissue


Adipose tissue


Reticular connective tissue


Dense irregular tissue


Dense regular tissue


Cartilage: hyaline


Cartilage: elastic


Cartilage: fibro cartilage


Muscular Tissue• Tissue with cells having fibers specialized

for contraction.Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary) •Parallel elongated cells (fibers) • multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle.•Light meat, Dark meat—Slow twitch, fast twitch muscle

Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary)•Cells are long and tapered. •Organized into sheets of muscle.

Cardiac Muscle•Intercalated disc•Myogenic•branched


Skeletal muscle


Smooth muscle


Cardiac muscle


Nervous tissue

• Cells specialized to polarize and depolarize.

• Cell is a neuron• It consist of mainly- Axon, Cyton,

dendrites.


Nervous tissue


End of Tissue presentation


tissues: an overview

Healthcare