tissues epithelialconnectivemusclenervous. epithelial superficial layers of mucous membranes, cells...
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TISSUESTISSUESEpithelialEpithelial
ConnectiveConnectiveMuscle Muscle NervousNervous
EPITHELIALEPITHELIAL superficial layers of mucous superficial layers of mucous
membranes, cells comprising skin, membranes, cells comprising skin, cells lining body cavities and cells lining body cavities and connecting tubesconnecting tubes
Minimal intercellular materialMinimal intercellular material Tightly packed cell sheetsTightly packed cell sheets characteristicscharacteristics
• Many or few layersMany or few layers• Ciliated or notCiliated or not• Glandular or notGlandular or not
blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymph vessels secretory function as in thyroid
stomach, intestines, gall bladder
skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus
Ciliated
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Lining of bladder
Epithelial Tissue
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
Solid, liquid , gelSolid, liquid , gel Primarily matrix (intercellular Primarily matrix (intercellular
material) which binds cellsmaterial) which binds cells May be loose or denseMay be loose or dense
Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue AreolarAreolar
• Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible collagencollagen
• Between muscles & supports organsBetween muscles & supports organs AdiposeAdipose
• Fat cells found below skin in subcutaneous Fat cells found below skin in subcutaneous fasciafascia
• Between muscles and organsBetween muscles and organs LymphoidLymphoid
• LymphocytesLymphocytes• Tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodesTonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue
White FibrousWhite Fibrous• Unyielding, strong, closely packedUnyielding, strong, closely packed• Ligaments, tendons, aponeurosesLigaments, tendons, aponeuroses• Fascia covering of organsFascia covering of organs
Yellow ElasticYellow Elastic• Elastic, has recoilElastic, has recoil• Cartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungsCartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungs• Some ligaments Some ligaments
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue TendonTendon
• Tough, non elasticTough, non elastic• Great tensile strength, keeps fibers Great tensile strength, keeps fibers
from being separated when pulledfrom being separated when pulled• Reduced compressive strength, Reduced compressive strength,
keeps fibers from being crushedkeeps fibers from being crushed• Always associated with a muscleAlways associated with a muscle• Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage
and to each otherand to each other• Aponeuroses, flat tendon sheetAponeuroses, flat tendon sheet
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue
LigamentLigament• Great tensile strength, none or Great tensile strength, none or
little stretchlittle stretch• Bind bone to bone, bone to Bind bone to bone, bone to
cartilage, cartilage to cartilage-cartilage, cartilage to cartilage-skeletalskeletal
• Bind organs to organs- visceralBind organs to organs- visceral
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue FasciaFascia
• All dense connective tissue other All dense connective tissue other than tendons, aponeuroses or than tendons, aponeuroses or ligamentligament
• Found throughout the bodyFound throughout the body• Usually in the form of membranous Usually in the form of membranous
sheetssheets• Commonly associated with muscles: Commonly associated with muscles:
endomesium, perimesium, endomesium, perimesium, epimysiumepimysium
Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesCartilage Cartilage
HyalineHyaline• Both tensile and compressive Both tensile and compressive
strengthstrength• Covers articular surfaces of boneCovers articular surfaces of bone• Non-articular surfaces of cartilage Non-articular surfaces of cartilage
are perichondrium covered are perichondrium covered • Calcification or ossification with ageCalcification or ossification with age• Found in chondral/costal portion of Found in chondral/costal portion of
ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial passagespassages
Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesCartilageCartilage
Fibro-cartilageFibro-cartilage• Dense ,white, flexible fibersDense ,white, flexible fibers• Found in some joints in the bodyFound in some joints in the body• Intervertebral discsIntervertebral discs
Yellow-elasticYellow-elastic• Firm elastic fibersFirm elastic fibers• Found in the pinna, epiglottisFound in the pinna, epiglottis
Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesBone/osseousBone/osseous
All bone begins as cartilageAll bone begins as cartilage Provide rigid skeletal supportProvide rigid skeletal support Dense or compactDense or compact Lamellar or sheet like structureLamellar or sheet like structure
• Great tensile and compressive strengthGreat tensile and compressive strength Spongy or porousSpongy or porous
• Appears porous microscopicallyAppears porous microscopically• Contains marrow that produces red and Contains marrow that produces red and
white blood cells, blood plasma matrixwhite blood cells, blood plasma matrix
Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesBloodBlood
Blood cells arise from within bone Blood cells arise from within bone marrowmarrow
Fluid component is plasmaFluid component is plasma Blood consists of corpuscles (cells) Blood consists of corpuscles (cells)
and platelets which are separated by and platelets which are separated by plasmaplasma
Cells are red (erythocytes) and white Cells are red (erythocytes) and white (leukocytes)(leukocytes)
Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue
SkeletalSkeletal• Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in
skeletal structure, striated in appearanceskeletal structure, striated in appearance SmoothSmooth
• Involuntary muscle, found in digestive and Involuntary muscle, found in digestive and other involuntary organs, non striatedother involuntary organs, non striated
CardiacCardiac• Both smooth and striated in appearance, Both smooth and striated in appearance,
found in the heartfound in the heart
Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue
Elastic, contractile tissueElastic, contractile tissue Agonist is the prime mover of a structureAgonist is the prime mover of a structure Antagonist opposes a given movementAntagonist opposes a given movement Synergists are muscles that stabilizeSynergists are muscles that stabilize Muscles are innervated by a single nerveMuscles are innervated by a single nerve
• Sensory innervation is termed afferentSensory innervation is termed afferent• Motor innervation is termed efferentMotor innervation is termed efferent• Motor unit is one efferent nerveMotor unit is one efferent nerve fiber fiber
and the muscle fibers to which it and the muscle fibers to which it attachesattaches
Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue
Fascia surrounds muscle componentsFascia surrounds muscle components• Endomysium surrounds a muscle Endomysium surrounds a muscle
cell (fiber)cell (fiber)• Perimysium surrounds bundles of Perimysium surrounds bundles of
muscle fibersmuscle fibers• Epimysium surrounds the muscle Epimysium surrounds the muscle
itselfitself
Nerve TissueNerve Tissue