Title DEVELOPMENT ON SEA TURTLE ECOTOURISM INMANNAI ISLAND

Author(s)Okuyama, Junichi; Boonhai, Kanokwan; Boonmee, Panumard;Monanunsap, Somchai; Charuchinda, Mickmin; ARAI,Nobuaki

Citation Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on SEASTAR2000 (2002):71-78

Issue Date 2002

URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/44162

Right

Type Conference Paper

Textversion publisher

Kyoto University

7†

DEVELOPMENT ON SEA TURTLE ECOTOURrSM

IN NIANNAIISLAND

2 JunichiOkuyamal，KanokwanBoonhai2，PanumardBoonmee， SomchaiMananunsap2，MickminCharuchida2，NobuakiArail

ブ G伯du∂feScわ00／orSoc由仙わ仰∂f／碍町OfoU〃ルe／S／如ノ旬0わ606－∂507，J∂p即

亡－m∂〟ニ0〟り唱m∂＠b帽．SOC・／・如わーU・∂CJp，∂帽／＠／・J少0わーU・∂CJpJ 2

seaTurtleConsewationStat（On，EastemMarjneandCoastalResourcesResearchCenter；

M油s叶Of〟∂fu帽／尺esoLJ化eSand亡∩血nmeJ鳩尺∂γOJ唱2了了90，m∂〟∂nd・

亡－m∂〟ニm∂nn∂／＠Joズ／nわ．co．肋

ABSTRACT

NowadaystherearemanytouristsvisitingRayongforthemarinesports・SomeofthemmakeatriptoMannai LsIandtoseeseaturtles．SeaTurtleConservationStationinMannailslandwasestablishedfoTthebiologlCalstudy andtheconservationofseatuTlles，andcan bethefaciIityforenvironmentaleducationandsuitablebase、■of ecDtOurisminthefuture．OuraimofthesurveyistoexaminethepossibilityoftheecotourismdevelopmentinMa：血ai lsrand．1bunderstandthecurrentsituationofthetourisminthearea．weinterviewed39touristsand47localpe〔〉Pre intheMannailslandarea．AEotoflocarpeoplehavetheop－nionthattheenvironmentarconservationisimportant・eVen thoughcomparingwiththeeconomicdeve■opment・The■oca■peop■e■arge■yfeeltheenvironmenta．and，昌conomic conditionsaregood．Thisfactwonrtfueltheirmotivationsomuchtoparticipateinecotourism・However，theresult thatmostlocalpeoplewantedtobeinvoIvedinthemainjoborthesidejobrelatedtoecotourismhastheimportant signifECanCe．1bmakeaprogramwhichcangLVeanOtherjobtothenlCanbethekeytothesuccessofecotourism・

lNTRODUCT10N

Al［seaturtlesaTeVulnerabletoavaTietyofhuman

threats，incIuding：COmmerCialtrawllng；boat strike；

pollution；reefbombingこ■ngeStionofEitter；VehiculartrafRc

on beaches；and tourism deve10Pment（Arianoutsou，

1988；Johnsonetal．．1996：WilsonandTisdeIl，2001）・For

theconservationDfthem．sustainabIeuseofbio－reSOurCeS

andunderstandingofthepeopleabouttheirvuInerability

isnecessary．lnaddition，WeWillhavetoseektheefFective

conservation measuresthatpromotethem・ln recent

years，eCOtOurismispaidattentiontoasthemeansthat

materializes effective conservation，

MannailslandbeLongstoRayongP「0Vinceandis

locatedabout200kmattheeastofBangkok．Thelorlg

beachatRayongisthefamoustouristspot・Thereare

manytouristsforthemarinesports・Accordingtotourism

statisticsofRayong（lburismAuthorityofThai［and，2002）

the numberoftouristsvisiting to Rayong provincein

2002is2，388，546．TheMannails［andareaisdividedup

into the three sections．The firstis the resort section

which hasa Long beach．lnthissection，manyhotels】

restaurantsandtouragencyarebuiltdenselya10ngthe

coast．The second sectionis thefishery section．The

Mannailsland area hasthe scattered fisheryvi‖ages

wherethefishermen nve byflShing squids，Crabsand

someflShes．Thethirdisthe urban section whichis a

litt［efarfromthecoast．AndintheRayongwatersthere

arevarioussizeofthelslands】andtheoneofwhichis

Mannailsland．Sametlslandwhichisthebiggestls［andin

72

theRayongwatersisdesignatedastheOceanNational

Park andis also the famoustourist spots for diving，

SWimm［ng．

lnMannai．sland，SeaTurtleConservationSlation

（STCS）was establishedforthe biologicaE studyand

conservation ofseaturtles．Some ofthetourists made a

Sidetripto Mannailsland to see the seaturtles．The

number oftourists visiting to Mannailsrandin2002

is more than6，000．The STCS has the educational

exhibition of the sea tu州es and other marine endan－

gered species．Therefore，theSTCScan bethefacility

for environmentaF education and suitable base of

ecotourismin the future．

lnterpretation and education has been

advocated asthe mosteffective rnanagementstrategy

in tourisトWildlifeinteractions becauseitincreases

awareness about a s．pecies and encourages a

conservation ethic．The effective utilization of the

SPeCiaIized educationalfunctions ofthe STCS can

COntribute to future conservation ofthe sea turtles，

Undersuchcondition，WearePFannlngtOdeverop

rrEcotourism11in the Mannailsland area．Sustainable

ecotourism must nleet the demands of the five actors

relatedwithitseIf；theIocalpeople．tourists，reSearChers，

travelagencyand administrators（Maita，2001）．Many

】nterreFated processesinfluencethe potentialand suc－

CeSS Ofecotourism within a protected area andlinks

betweennaturalareas，theEocalpeopleandtourism（Ross

＆Wall，（1999））．Furthermore，ifplanning and decision－

makingdonotinvoIveFocalpDPulations，thenecotourism

Wilr notsucceed，and mayeven bedetrimentaltolocal

COmmunities（Ziffer，1989）．AndIocalpeTCePtionswilrbe

animportantfactorinfluencrnghowitsdevelopmentpro－

Ceeds（CampbeII，1999）．

Recentlyalotofresearchesreratedtoecotourism

are conductedin various place，for example，Proieto

IAMARinBraziI（Marcovaldi＆Marcovaldi，1999）】Awala

andYalimpooin French Guiana（M．H．Godfrey，2001），

lbrtuguero NationalPark，Gandoca and Manzanillo

Wildlife Refuge and Leatherbacks of Guanacaste

NationalParkinCostaRica（L．M．CampbelI，2002），and

theMonReposConservationparkinAustraIia（Wirson＆

Tisderl，2001），and ofwhich some research havethe

SOCio－eCOnOmicaspects ofthe seaturtle conservation．

Achievement of wildlife conservation should be

COnSidered notonlytheaspectofnaturalsciencebut

SOCioLeCOnOmic science．And also guiderines and

Criteriaconcernedecotourismmustencompassnoton［y

the biologicarimpacts butalsothesocialand political

issues surrounding development．as Scheyvens

mentioned（1999）・ln making the guideline and the

managementprogramofecotourism，theideaofworking

On CaSe－by－CaSe basisforecotourismis animpor（ant

One，and shouId not beignored the communityln

question．Theneedsandpossibilitiesofthe10Calareas

Shourdbethefocusofdesignandp［anmng，ratherthan

the specifics ofprogrammes elsewhere．Thefocus

Shourdnotbesomuchonemulatingotherprogrammes

ersewhere，but finding solution to problems and

situations specific to the community in question

（Matthew．2001）．

TheMannailslandareadiffersinonemaJOrWay

with other research sites above．Itisthattheseaturtles

SeldomlaytheeggsintheMannailslandarea．Thishas

considerableinfluence over the ecotourism model．

GeneraMy．ecotourismhasthreeoりIeCtives；enVironmental

COnSerVation（incIudingenvironmentaleducation），Eocal

economic development and deveIopment of another

tourism．Thesea turtle ecotourism sites above heavlly

tingeswithenvironmentalconservation．rnthecaseof

the MannailsFand area．ecotourism willemphasis on

environmentaleducation，localeconomic deveEopment

and deveFopmentofanothertourism．ratherthan sea

turtleconservation direct［y，ltiswithinthis contextthat

We have to make another management program on

the basis of the socio－eCOnOmic attributes of the

localcomrT［unity．

Ouraim ofthe surveylStOCOnSiderthecurrent

Situationofthetourism，thelocalcommunityatRayong．

ThaiIand，and attempt to evaluate the potentialfor

developing ecotourismin the Mannai［sland area，

Thereforeweare plann［ngtOinvestigateintothede－

mandsoftheactors，eSPeCially10CaIpeopleandtourists

bythequestionnairemethods．

SURVEYMETHODS

ln the beginnlng，We COnducted the preliminary

StudyintheMannailslandareafrom15to17November

2002．Weinterviewed47localpeople and39tourists，

Ofwhich47and37were valid respectively．Some

questions were notfilred out，therefore we excFuded

these questionsfrom consideration．

QUEST10NNAIRESURVEY＆INTERVIEW

FORTHELOCALPEOPLE

The questionnaire survey andinterviewforthe

localpeoplewere conductedin the resortsection，the

fishery section and the urban section where the

73

軸7 meM∂∩〃∂′JsJ即d∂佗a．R∂yOng，ma／Ja〃d・m摺ee／／画C∂Jm∂血’’of地cれc厄mo∂J9帽γa〃d／匂加9侶y ／nd／C∂fe的佗eSeC〟onsor納eresoJ†，′sec〟0∩，納e鮎わe／γSeCf／m∂nd的℃UrbanざeC〟0∩佗印eC仙e小

decision－makingconcernedwithecotourism・Enthis

paperweaskedthe10Calpeopleandthetouristsabout

their environmentalawareness．

Asaresultofthequestion；11Areyoし＝nterestedin

theenvironmentalissues？”，81％localpeople（3Bof47

respondents）and95％tourists（350f37respondents）

answeredl’lnterestedverymuchrl，Or”lnterestedalittler■・

lneachcategory，therespondentsfe［ttohavethestrong

environmentalawarenesssubjectively．Fewlocalpeople

had no concem tothe environmentalissues．

Lnanotherquestion；■■Whichismo「eimpo止ant，r■

Economicdevelopment”，一，Environmentalconservationl’？”

（Fig．2），50％tourists（180f36respondents）and13％

localpeopLe（60f46respondents）hadtheopinionsthat

economicdevelopmentismoreimportantthanenviron－

mentalconservation．On the other hand．39％tourists

（14of36respondents）and59％］ocalpeople（270f46

respondents）hadtheoppositeopinions・

Somerespondentsanswered”Both川becausewe

made a mistake how to ask．However，eVenif the

numberofTeSPOndenthadanswered■1Both’laddedto

thefeweranswerin each question，the resultswere

COmPa「ab】e．

1bbesummarized．mostrespondentsanswered

I■rminterestedinenvironmentalproblem’■．Ontheother

hand，in the case ofthe question which compares

environmentalconseNationwitheconomicdevelopment，

thetouristIsperception wasdifferentfromthelocal

numbersofrespondentswere20，10and17respectively

（Fig．1）．ThecontentsofthequestionnairefortheLocal

peoplewerethe basicattributionand theawareness

concern■ngthelocalsocietyltheenvironmentallandthe

sea turtles．

QUEST10NNA］RESURVEY

FORTOURISTS

Thequestionnairesurveywasconductedforthe

touristsvisitingtoMannailsland・Thecontentsofthe

questionnairefoTtOuristswerethebasicattribution・and

the awareness concerning the environmental，and

the sea turtles．The questions about environmental

awarenessweresameasforthelocaLpeople．Thevalid

responseswere28Thaitouristsand9fore■gntOurists・

TheforelgntOuristsincluded2personswholiveBangkok

atthetimeofthesurvey．

RESULJSANDDISCUSSLON

ENVIRONMENTÅLCONC10USNESS

lbpron10teOfdeveLop■n90neCOtOurismlthe

perceptions and theawarenesswhich the actors

related withitseLfhaveareimportantfactor，and the

environmentalawareness hasaessentialroleintheir

74

∩） 0 0 ∩） （U O ∧U n） U O O

（＿）¢叫書u¢UL¢d

口Tourists

■Local

E［．0nOmc Envlmnmerlt；】l

deveopment conse「∨細ion

R9・2 丁わere5U鹿of析eques～／0／1ノ“仇伽cわ由mo佗人mPOJ十∂nr，‘仁coJlOm／cdeye／oJ）me〃f’’or‘苫∩山のnm即ねJ

COJつ5eJVar／0／1’’？’二乃u／砲座∵∩＝36JLoc∂Jpeop／e／∩＝46

PeOPFe■sone．Thereason ofthisdifferencecan bethat

the respondentsjudgedtheirenvironmentalawareness

Sub］eCtively．ln consequence】thequestionswhich need

more objectivejudgrnent bycompa「lng With economic

developmentled a differentresult．The resu▼tofthese

questiDnSindicatesthatmostpeoplewhofeltto have

St「Ong enVironmentalawareness regarded economic

developmentasimpoTtantin「eality．

SeaturtIes．lnthetourists，”Cutelr，”Obligationofconser－

Vation’1and’’BeautifuI”werethe prevaillng OPFnions as

WelIasthelocalpeople．Andtherewasnopessimisticor

negativeoplnioninboththelocaIpeopleandthetourists．

ln consequence，itis suggested mostlocalpeople and

tourists had a favo「impression．

1bthequestion；■■Doyouknowtheseaturtlesare

endangerspeciesgIobally？’r，72％localpeople（280f47

respondents）and89％tourists（290f37respondents）

answe「ed’■Yesr■，the otherrespondents answered”No”．

Furthermore．we asked the reason whytheyare

decreaslng Ofthe respondents who answered”Yes”

（lbble，2）．lnthelocaEpeople，a”reasonsansweredwere

COnCemedwiththeresponsibilityofhumanityand many

Ofthem were abstract．In the concrete reasons，there

Were eightanswers concerned with■■Drownlng because

Offishinggearslikeaglllnet，traWIIngnet”．6oftheeight

respondentswerefishermen，andthenitseemsthatthe

PeOPIewererareexceptfishermenwhounderstoodthe

incidentalcatch byfishing gears．60f7fishermen

answered”D「ownmg because of fishing gears”．Jt

indicates thatmanyflShermen acknowledged the main

reasonofseaturtle■sdecreaseistheincidentalcatchby

fishinggears．Ontheotherhand，therewere6answers

COnCerned with’rHuman eatthe seaturtres”，tWO and

anothertwo ofwhich are concemed especiallyon11The

egg harvesting”and”Fishermen eatthe sea turtIes”，

respectively．Andtherewasonediscrrminatorydescription

aboutfishermenthat■lSomeflShermen don’thaveany

knowledge becauseofnoeducation．sotheyeatsea

turtlesandtheireggswithoutworrylngaboutanything’’

byaloc8，．

ln the tourists，there were many自bstTaCt

answers concerned with the responsibility ofhumhFlity

as we－1as the［ocalpeople．■■The sharks eatthe sea

lMPRESS10NON＆KNOWLEDGEOF

THEDECREASINGOFSEATURTLE

Theimpressiononandtheperceptionofthesea

turtlesarevery（mPOrtanttOnlakeamanagementplanof

ecotourismandtopromotetheseatu州eecotourism．In

thispaperweaskedthelocalpeopleandthetourists

abouttheimpressionontheseaturtles，therelationship

betweenthemandtheseaturtles】andtheperceptionof

decreaslng Ofthe sea turtles．ln addition，Onryforthe

residentswholivedintheflSherysection，Weinterviewed

themdeeplyabouttheirrelationshiptoabovefactors．

lnthequestion；”DoyouIiketheseaturtIes？’■，84％

locaIpeople（380f45respondents）and89％tourists

（330f37respondents）answered”Yes■1．Some respon－

dentsanswered■1Unknownr’，and onlytwolocar people

answered”No■1．1bbFe．1showsthe resultoftheques－

tion；r■Whatdoyouthinkaboutseaturtle？”．lnthelocal

PeOPEe，■lBeautiful■1wasthe mostoplnionanswe「ed by

13respondents】”Cute’■wasthethirdn10StOPlnion．Asa

resuIt，manylocalpeopreshowedthefavorabreimpression

On theseaturtFe■s appearance．Thesecond andfourth

mostopInionswere■10bligation ofconservation’rand

”Endangeredspecies■1respectively．andtheothersome

OPLnionswereconcerned with the decreasIng Ofthe

乃

lbblel．Summaryofal］oplnionsofthe10Calpeopleandthetourists，andthe nuTTlberof

themselvesin concemingtothequestion；“Whatdoyouthinkabouttheseaturtles？”

LocalPeople Number Tourists Number

Beautiful 13 Cute 8

Obligation of conservation 6 Obligationofconservation 4

Cute 3 Beautifu1 3

Endangerspecies 2 Big，Varioussize 3

lnteresting 】nteresting ∠ Big，＼ねrioussize Neverseenbefore 2

Unusual，Rare Unusual，Rare 2

Emotional Endangerspecies l

Emotiona1 1

Total 28 Tbta1 26

Table2．Summary of a”op］nions ofthe rocaL people andthetourists and the number oftllemSelvesin

COnCermngtOthequestion；“Doyou knowthe reasonwhytheseaturtlesareendangered？”

LocalPeople Number Tourists Number

Drowingbecauseoffishinggears 8 Humanity 9

Consumedbyhuman 6 Destruction，Po‖utionofEnvironmen 8

Destruction，PoLlutionofEnvironmen 5 Consumedbyhuman 5

Humanity 4 Hunting for shell 3

Sa【弓ng 3 Sal竜ng

Other 2 DrowingbecauseofflShhlggearS

Predation by Shark

Other

Tbtal 28 Tbtat 29

36respondents）regardedtheirdecreasing asserious・

1nthis resultthepercentageofthetouristswashigher

thanthe10Calpeopleaswellastheknowledgethatsea

turtlesare endangered．

turtles”wasonlyanswerrelatedtoa naturalmortality・

ln concrete answers，‖The seaturtles drown because

Of fishing gears”was the only one．The reason of

SUChvaguenesscan bethatthetouristsdonthave a

relationshiptotheseaturtlesaswellastheLocalpeople

exceptfishermen，There were5answers concemed

with ”Human eatthe seaturtles”．and two ofwhich

wereconcerned especia［Eyon”The egg harvesting”・

A”ofthese5respondentswereThaiand noforeign

tourists．These resultsimplythefore［gntOuristsdon’t

havesQStrOngrelationshiptoseaturtlesandthetradi－

tionaIhabitofeatingthem．0ntheotherhand，Thaiused

toeatseaturtlesandtheireggs，andthe10Calpeople

SeemtOgueSSSOmeO＝hemstilleatseaturtlesiIlegally・

Onthedecreaslng OftheseaturtIes，76％local

PeOPle（360f47respondenls）and97％tourists（350f

ATTITUDETOECOTOURISM

lt）introduce ecotourism has various effects on

thelocalsociety，Therearenoton［ygoodbutalsobad

effects．Whenwewi”promotetDdevelopecotourism，

theactorsreIatedwithitself，eSPeCialIythelocalpeople

must understoodthevariouseffect and have a effortto

encourage goodeffectsandtocontrolbadeffects・ln

thispaperweaskedthelocalpeopreabouttheawareness

of the present environmental and economic condition

76

aroundtheMannailslandarea．WeaskedtherTltOdetermine

WhethertoapprovetheintrDducingofecotourismafter

WeeXPlainedbrieflytothemaboutthelikelyimpactof

ecotourism．

Fig．3shows the TeSUlts of the question

COnCernedwiththepresentenvironmenta［andeconomic

COndition．As to naturalenvironment，38％（170f46

respondents）and34％（160f46respondents）answered

”Good”and11NeutraF■’respectively．The percentages of

respondents who answered”Bad”or’’Very badr’

amounted to15％，anditcan beconcluded manylocal

PeOPleevaluatedthenaturalenvironmentwasnotbad，

Concerningtothepresenteconomiccondition，52％（24

0f46respondents）and33％（150f46「espondents）

answered”Good”．”Neutral”respectively．Thepercentages

of respondents who answeredllBadl’or”Very badll

amountedto13％．anditcanbeconc［uded manylocal

PeOPleevaluatetheeconomicconditionwasnotbadas

wellas the naturalenvironment．

rn the next，afterwe explained brieflythe FikeEy

impactofecotourismtotheIocalpeople，WeaSkedthem

toapproveofintroducingecotourismornot．Thisresultis

asfoElows，”Strongagree‖；38％（180f47respondents），

l’Agree”；57％（270f47respondents），l’Neutral’’；5％

（2of47respondents），andtherewas no respondent

Whodisagreed，Wethinktherewerefewpeoplewho

disagree to rationalecotourism，butthe method of

explanationwasnotgoodtohaveacEearresult・Therefore

Weinterviewed the reasonwhytheIocalpeopleagree

toecotourism（Fig，4）．」nconsequence】themostopinion

0 0 ∩）

ごU「【J4

（一）¢叫βu¢‖こ川岩

Very Good Good Neutn〕 Bad Ven′Bad

句．3 〃le／℃SU／f50r納eJoc∂／peoJつJe仰＝4刀byねe伽9∂bouf納e′1a血相／e／11〝m〃meJ了亡a／1d納eeco／？OJmC

cond／r由〃／∩仇eん佃nn∂／／ざJ∂nd∂re∂，

Of41respondents），17％（70f41respondents）and

20％（80f41respondents）respectivery．These results

SUggeStthatthelocalpeopEeintheMannailslandarea

hadhighlevelofenvironmentalperceptiongeneraIry．

Fig．6showstheresultofthequestion；”Doyou

Prefertogetthejobrelatedtoecotourism？’14％（20f45

respondents），89％（400f45respondents）and7％（30f

45respondents）answered”Asa mainjob’’，’’Asaside

job’1and■一Donltwantlr respectively．According to this

result，mOStlocalpeoplewere afavorofanothe「job，

buttheyareofnomindtochangetheirjob．

WaS”Becauseofenvironmentalconservation”；58％（20

0f34respondents）and thesecond mostopinionwas

’■Because of economic developmentrl；15％（50f34

respondents）．Theotheropinionswere■’Becauseof

good effecton both environmentaland economic”．”No

SPeCialreaSOn”】both percentages ofwhich are6％（2

0f34respondents），

Additionally．weaskedthemwhatyouexpectfrom

ecotourism（Fig．5），The percentages ofMAppropriate

COnSerVation ofnaturarenvironment’’．’’EconomicdeveI－

OPmentfrom enhanced employment”and”Educationor

Learningaboutnaturalenvironment”wereeach46％（19

77

Envimnm.rntal

con応托Ir＞篭tion

58■

句．4 Sum「れ∂γOr納e／℃∂50nⅣわy〟1e／oc∂／peoI）Je什ド34ノ∂g帽eわecofou／循m．

ConlmLr川CatiDnW【thl：eOPrefmm

Otb「日間8n］0⊃しl止Ⅳ

12％

Ap叩Pパ虞e00「盲er伯ti［】nOfr白山ヨr

－、n－■Tll「†Tl寸

ノ竹ヽ Eロmmcd⊇＼佗lopT紀州fmm

enh∋n正de「nproyn’灯「【

17％

Edu⊂8tiロ∩ロ「le臼ln「優射m止mtし旧

eml旧l「me止

2口先

R9．5 Summ∂γOr〝わ∂f納eノoc∂／peop／e（∩＝4りeよpeC′わmecofou〟sm

No Yesm；l】njob

7％ 4％

＼′esSdejロb

89％

勒6me／℃5U／′of納equesぬ∩ノ‘poyoup帽由rfo9e＝椚eカb帽／∂fedfoecofou′椅m？’；わr肋e／oc∂Jpeop／e（n＝咽

important，eVenthough compa「lngWith the economic

development．Additiona”yregardedtothequestionabout

introducingofecotourism，manylocalpeoplehavethe

answers concerned with environmentalconselVation．1t

can be concludedthatthe rocalpeople had enough

environmental awareness and tended to regard

environmentalconservation asimportantmorethan

tour弓sts d弓d．

lnthisMannailsLandarea．itisreportedthatsea

turtlesarefrequentbutrarelycometoshoreforlaylng・

CONCLUS10N

lbdate，Rayong provincehas beenworkingas

thetouristspotswhichsellsthenaturalenvironmentand

manytouristsvisittheretoen」Oythebeautifulseaand

thesandybeach・lnsuchconditions】itwasprospected

thatthelocalpeopleatRayonghaveahighleve10fenvト

ronmentalawareness．1nthissurvey，alotof［ocalpeople

havetheop■nionthattheenvironmentalconservationis

7∂

Most10Calpeopleandthetouristsdid nothavea bad

impression onseaturtIeswhich usuallyhave noreFa－

tionshiptothem．and understoodthe seaturtles are

endangerspecies．Theseawarenessandtheknowledge

Ofthemcanbebroughtfromtheaquariumandthemedia

SuChlikeTVandmagazines．Manyrespondentsregarded

thedecreaseoftheseaturtEesasserious．and sothey

favoredtheactivityfortheconservationoftheseatur［les．

Manyanswers aboutthe reason why sea tuTtleswere

decreaslng are abstract，and onlyfew respondents

excepttheflShermenunderstoodthereasonofseatu州els

COnCrete decrease．Thereforethe resultofthis survey

SeenlStOindicatetheslgnificanceoftheeducationabout

theenvironmentandtheseaturtles，andforthispurpose，

we could reconfirm the availability of developing on

ecotourism．

Thelocalpeoplefeltthe environmentaland

economicconditionsintheMannailslandareaaregoodfor

themostpart．AsCampbe”（2002）said，Eocalperceptions

Wi”beimportantfactorin promotingtodevelopon the

ecotourism．0n the basisofthis concept，thefactthat

thelocalpeoplefeelgoodabouttheenvironmentaland

economicconditionwon■tfueltheirmotivationsomuchto

Participateinecotourism．

Additionarly，COnSideringthemainmotivationof

localparticipationis theeconomiccondition．the TeSult

thatmostlocarpeoplewantedtobeinvoIvedinthemain

joborthesidejobrelatedtoecotourismhastheimportant

slgnificance．FromtheresuFtofthisresearch，thelocal

PeOPletendedtohavefurtherincome，butnotwantany

life－alteringrisk，Thisimpliesthatthedincultyinintroducing

ecotourismintothe MannailsLand area，becausetheir

hopefornotalteringthepresentlifecouEdmotivatethem

toavoidnewthings．1bmaketheIocalpeopletobewill－

ingtodeve10PeCOtOurism bythemselves，eCOtOUrism

Wilrhavetobesomethingappealingthattheycanbeneflt

from．Therefore，Whenwewilldevelopthesea turtle

ecotouism，WhetherwecanmakeaprograrTIWhichgives

anotherjobthattheLocalpeoplewant（forexample，the

ShorttimejobwhichwecanemploymanylocalpeopLe）

tothem canbethekeytothesuccessofecotDurism．

And when the sea turtle ecotourismis deveIoped，tO

investigatehowIoca［favorableperceptionand awareness

towardecotourisrnconnecttotheirparticipationwiElbea

nextissue，

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author’s researchis suppo止ed byaElofthe

members ofthe Sea Turtle Conservation Station．

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