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Title items-in-France - resignation of Degaulle

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Container S-0882-0001: Correspondence Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: with Heads of State,Governments, Permanent Representatives and Observers to the United Nations

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KEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 24 April 1969

on Bids Voters Back de Gaulle}By HENRY TANNERSp.eclal to The New Yorfc Times

PARIS, April 23 — FormerPremier Georges Pompidou, ina televised, appeal to the narti6n tonight, urged a "yes"vote in the referendum Sundayin the the name of "commonsense" and "fidelity to Generalde Gaulle."

The voters ^a're being askedto approve constitutional re-forms creating new regionalgovernmental organizationsand transforming of the Senateinto a consultative assembly.

But in fact the voters . will|per cent,_ and • the "No" votecast their ballots for or againstPresident de Gaulle, 'who-, an-nounced 10' days ago he wouldretire ^if the reforms were re-jected. Polls since then, haveshown that his leaving or stay-tog! has become the only realissues in the minds of mostVoters.

Mr. Pompidou impressedthose'Who watched him; tonightas a remarkably skilled cam-:paigner, and, his. contributionto the Gaullist campaign wasthought to have. been highly•effective. ; ' . ' . • • ' ' . ' - , . .

Mr. Pompidou, an avowed•candidate for the Presidency in

•Gaulle era, did. notrefuse to

lostnd. General]

..__,. ,_,.,_,. _„,_,-__ down. Theformer'Premier has been understrong pressure from the Gaul-

ylist ..leadership;:: to' make1 such. ' a statement.;-::; : ' • ' ; • • • .'if£1 His contribution to the. cam-.•paign:came a_t a crucial moment.. For the first time,/a public!opinion poll showed the Gov-ernment trailing.. -The poll-is>by

;j;St}fres,v: one of ^ie^clijjuitr'y's.

leading opinion samplers. It willbe published in the late editionsof Le Figaro tomorrow.

The poll is understood to. putthe vote qf the opposition at|edged. As a Gaullist cam-about 53 per cent against 47per cent for the Government,with a large segment of theelectorate, however still un-decided or intending to cast'blank ballots. The poll wastaken Monday and Tuesday.

If accurate,-it means a dra-matic reversal for the Govern-ment. A poll published Saturdayhad put the "Yes" vote at 52

at 48. Private Government re-ports from the provinces over

the weekend indicated an evenjsplit between "Yes" and "No."

Mr. Pompidou's effect on thecampaign is viewed as double-

paigner calling for a large"Yes" vote, he is one of theGovernment's best assets.

But as a potential Presiden-tial candidate, he is .believed tobe cutting into the Gaullist'sstrength. A good many voters'are saying that they may betempted. to vote "No" and thusto hasten General de Gaulle'sexit, because the reassuringfigure of Mr. Pompidou is wait-ing in the background.

Mr. Pompidou will speakagain tomorrow,, at, a; rally inLyons. . ./£«'^"O''^--.'/"•:>-•'""

NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 25 April 1969

touveWGaullistsinVoieWonldPerilFrance

By HENRY TANNERSpecial to The New York Times

PARIS, April 24—The princi-pal speakers for the Gaullistregime and for the opposition to-day reflected expectations of aclose^•-.outcome in Sunday'sreferendum by focusing theircampaign on the possible con-sequences of a Government de-feat.

Premier Maurice Couve deMurville devoted'most of hislast, nationwide television ad-dress before the voting to awarning that an opposition, vic-tory would-be followedi by a'"period of adventures" and therise of the "totaUtai-ians:

the left. . . "-''" .**; .The referendum asks the vot-

ro...•*«-: --'---JJ*-''••••-' ' •- • '

shtal ;prganizatr6fls7an.,._. .. . , ainf •""- " ' ""*•""consultative

...But- Alain Poher-,-; thedent of the Senate, declaredhimself a guarantor • of peace

.and order in the country inthe case of an opposition vic-tory and declared .that.'lie /andhis colleagues hadrfull trust inthe institutions of the countryand the patriotism of theircountrymen.

Mr. Poher would become in-terim President if President deGaulle stepped down:from thepresidency,; as he has said hewill':'dd' if the: Gpyernment'sproposal for-Constitutional re-form is rejected..;: • • . • ' . . .

Tonight marjsed the end ofthe official campaign on theGoyernment-ttv^hed.^ television'netwoVk. *"' ' •' '" ~c . '•

President de Gaulle will ad-dress the nation on tele'visipn

i'ttpnjorrojv. :;His;,address:Jsjiiib

L ;d;ifie"'Gatillistg;;

NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 26 April 1969

.-.'.- ' •'.-. . - ' - • - . • - . t i*-* * V

of de Gaulle's Appeal to NationPARIS, April 25 (AP) —

Following, in unofficial trans- .lotion, is a transcript of theaddress delivered by Presidentde,Gaulle on radio and tele-vision tonight.'

Frenchwomen, Frenchmen:You; to, whom I have!so ;

of ten;,spoken for. France, youmust ,know .that your replySunday is gpirig to determineher ..dei-itiriy because first of ' :^liv.ItVXs 'fc.question ';pf bring- jing 'a very /"considerablechange, to the: structure .ofpur "country. . , - - . : ' - '-: ; ' .; . ' .- It is a,great thing to bring '.about the rebirth of our oldprovinces, improved for mod-ern times, under the form : ofregions: to give them the;nevcessary means for each oneto settle its own affairs whileat the :same time playing itsrole in our national whole; tomake centers where initia-tive, activity and life plos-r

som. y . . . . .•It is a; great thing ,to .re-

unite the Senate and' theEconomic and Social Councilin a single assembly, deliber-'ating with priority and.pub-licly: all :bills instead of, eachone* on its ~own,: being're-duced to obscure arid acces-sory interventions. .;. •;

' It is•'a /great thing to as-'sociate the representation ofproductive: activities land thevital-force of our people; with.

: all the local and legislativemeasures concerning its ex-istence and; its development.'Destiny of France' at Stake

Your reply'is going to de-termine the destiny of France >because that reform is an in-tegral: part of the participa-tion which the equilibrium ofmodern' society henceforthdemands. •r To refuse jit >is to oppose—in an essential domain—:thissocial, moral, human trans-formationi without which wewill go to disastrous upheav- :als. ' • ' ; • - ' ' ; . ,• ' .•• .- '• ; ' •• ' - • '•••• ' .

'• To adopt it is: to make ;a::decisive :>step on .."the road;which would lead us to prog-ress in.order and agreement, ',in profoundly modifying therelations among Fren'ch'peo-ple. ~

Your reply is going to de-termine the destiny; of France

a majority of you, solemnly/- - siori pf each one of youon'this capital subject, and''.^weighed;so heavily,•whatever might be the num;:i;fc:-YiveJa Repubilque! Viveja

. ber, the ardor and the devo-:; a"'ce' ' .'•••••' '•• •tion of. the army of those •who support me and who, inany case, hold the futufe i ofthe country, my- present task'as chief of state'" would :ob-,viously become .impossible,I would immediately stop ex-ercising my functions. '.

• jThen, how; woulji be 'rrias-.tered the situation • resultingfrom the negative victory.of

v,ali: these diverse, disparateand. discordant oppositions,with, the inevitable return, tothe: play .bT'.'ambitions, illu-sions, machinations arid trea-son in the nation connectionthat such a rupture wouldprovoke?Would 'Carry put Mandate'

On the contrary, if I receiveproof of. your confidence, Iwill carry out my mandate, Iwill carry out, thanks to. you,

"through the creation ';of the•regions arid, the renovationof .the'.Senate, the work un-dertaken 10 years ago to giveour country the democraticinstitutions adapted to ourpeople, in .the world wherewe find ourselves and at thetime when we are living, afterthe confusion, the troublesand the misfortunes that wehave passed through!for gen-erations, i

..''• I will continue, with yoursupport; to act so that, what-ever happens-, progress shouldbe developed, order assured,the money defended, inde-pendence maintained, .peacesafeguarded, and France re-spepted. ' , : • • ' ' " • '

Ultimately, at the end ofthe regular term, withoutrupture and upheaval [Ishall] turn, the last page ofthe chapter that I started in..our history .some 30 yearsago. [and] I shall hand overmy official charge to the manwhom you will have chosento carry it after me.

Erericliyrarnen,; 'Frenohmen,in what is::going to.become of

&i<g -£'

In TV Appeal on Tomorrow'sBallot, He Restates Intent

to Quit if Reforms Fail

MANY ARE UNDECIDED

Latest Poll Puts PresidentBehind,6 but Final SpeechIs Expected to Help Him

The text o/ de Gaulle speech. is printed oh Page 2.

By HENRY TANNER J ;Special :to.THe New YoriTJmes

- PARIS, April 25—Presidentde Gaulle, in a last appeal tothe voters, asked the Frfench <nation tonight for a "show; ofconfidence!' that would enable;him to serve-out his term andfinish his "30-year chapter" inFrench history. • '

I In' a nationwide radio and!television address, he; restated

;his: determination to step downimmediately . if ' the voters inthe referendum : Sunday - re-jected the Government's - pro-'posals for constitutional re-,forms. .. ' " • ^ ..

Voters are being asked to ap-prove the creation of 22 newregions and a change to makethe Senate a consultative body.

A poll published as the gen-eral sppke gave the odds to hisopponents. It said that as oflast Anight 51 per cent of thevoters who said they had madeup;:their:mmds intended/to vote

and:'4i9;:"peY:tent;'yes; -''—I..' .General 'Gains Votes'

, However, a large but .unspec-ified part: of tfae electorate re-iiiauied undecided "and, as one^Frenchman said, "Wheneverthegeneral speaks, he ;gains-votes."

: Speaking, solemnly and withgreat intensity, but without thepyrotechnics of which he is-occasionally capable, the 78-year-d]4President said:

"Ultimately, at the end of the; •-' -••'-'--'i<-'~'j:-'-':gfe^''/-''-v''J^J£i'liJ'-'.'A'Ivj' " ' .I.',-,- -' - " • ^ g | ; r u p t u r e ;

HEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 26 April 1969.,-.,, -v-iw i a^^sfe^psssi

^•^•^ :W?^M^^W^f

"3^ • j$$<$^tt~x&$$&chosen; to; carry at after me;In' conclusion he . said:

"Never has the ^decision ofeach one of you' weighed soheavily." ./.;.;, . ;

No Hint of SuccessionThe.general had;never-before

stated clearly that he wouldretire-at the end of his seven-year mandate, which ends in1972; He had also avoided giv-ing .any hint of whether hewould throw his personal sup-port to an'lieir apparent" !ofjhis choosing. : :

Several ministers are reportedto have urged him to makea reference.to the issue of suc-,cession. , - ' • • . „ ' •,.;. . . ' . - ' - • ' ' . '

The President, stressed eachsyllable of the two words wKerihe said that it was "obviously;impossible" for him to; stay! inoffice if he was .disavowed ; bya majority of the voters.-•- -: '':;/Any opposition victory, ,he-said; ;;'would''. W 'a' triumph i<

surgeiTCe_ioJ;tlie: .l^play. _„,-.;...-.£:ipns; iliusions1; - riiachinatibrisind treason" that would shakemd disrupt the- nation. Howwould it be possible to • mastersuch a situation? he asked, leav-ing his question ominously un-answered.

After the speech was video-taped this, morning, the.Presi-j:lent drove to his country houseln Colombey-Ies.-Deu>:-Englises,some 140 miles southeast ofParis. He will vote there Sun-iay. • - - • - . ' - v : - • • ' .--On television, he sat behindi brilliantly shiny desk, lean-ing forward,' gazing straightinto the camera and speakingeven .more deliberately than' ishis habit. His only gesture .wasan occasional clasping and un-clasping of his hands. " "

The voters will be asked asingle question:' "Do you> ap-prove of the draft law concern-ing the-creation of regions and

[the renewal of the Senate?"Would Alter Constitution

The draft- is a 10,000-word[document that, if adopted, willchange roughly one out of threearticles of the French Consti-tution relating to mainland

(France.The reform would create 22

new regions, including Corsica,along the demarcation lines of

.the historic provinces andwdCtd: change- the. Senate froma':.seeoridj*legislativs chamber';"*^:a;fcpnsultatiVe assembly'.

One1' objectioni of-the opposi-tion. to-> the>-project i is,..that' \ asingle" question requiring a sin-gle answer is being agked eventhough many Frenchmen whofavor regional''reform are op-posed to a change in the Sen-ate.

President de Gaulle declaredthat the vote would determinethe destiny of France for tworeasons: because of the magni-tude of the proposed reformand because he could not stayin power if- he were repudi-a,ted/ v. -. . ,- , •„. ... i- !Accbtdilig---to. the polls, the

majority- .roll .cast their, ballots

for-or against h im' fa ther thanfor or against the reforms.

The poll published today inFrance-Soir was conducted byIFOP, one of the two leadingFrench' polling organizations.The last poll, a week ago, hadgiven the Government 52 percent, to 48 per cent for theopposition:

Another poll, by Sofre's, pub-lished in 'Le Figaro yesterday,gave the opposition 53 percent,to 47 per cent for the Govern-ment. A Sofres poll 10 days agohad given the Government 55per cent.

Private Government reportsI had also produced evide^e of'a dramatic recent rise.ih.o.ppol.sition strength/ •.'... '•• :;;-;^-'r.^.;^;;|

r de Gaulfe-

For 30 years—since thedark days of Dunkirk—Gen-eral Charles de Gaulle hasbeen the man around whomFrenchmen have ralliedtimes of stress.

In a nationwide referen-dum today, that loyalty isbeing tested again, the ref-erendum deals with/the gen-eral's plans to decentralizethe country's administrationand transform the Senate intoa consultative body. Evident-ly worried by indications onthe eve of .the referendumthat sentiment was dividedfairly evenly between sup-po ters and opponents of thereforms, President de Gaullewent on teleyision last Fridayflight to Warn; that if the pro-posal were "disavowed fay 4majority among you ... mypresent task as chief of statewould obviously become im-possible and right away Iwould stop the exercise ofmy functions."

General de Gaulle alsosaid—ifor the first time'with-out equivocation — that he.would retire when his term asPresident expires in Decem-ber, 1972, no. matter how to-

Karlsson in Affonbladet, Sweden

''Ultimatum"

day's ballot turns out. Or,as he put it in his best orator-ical style: "At the end of theregular term, without rendingand without upheaval, turningthe last page in the chapterof our history which I opened30 years ago, I will transmitmy official charge to the onethat you will have elected toassume it after'me."

NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 2? April

De Gaulle's GambleCharles de Gaulle is a hard man to beat inoa refer-

endurii. But never in the past decade has he taken agreater risk for less purpose than he is taking today.

Thqfcalloting appears so close that, for the first time,the French President has pledged himself not to seeka third:term in 1972 if the country upholds him now.Instead of insisting on a massive victory, his usualthreat?to resign will be activated this time only if heis actually "disavowed by a majority."

Polls show almost a third of the nation undecidedor planning to abstain. With a single "Oui" or "Non"to goyern a 10,000-word reform modifying at leasttwenty--articles of the French Constitution, the refer-endum reduces the democratic process in France toan absurdity—while pretending to increase popularparticipation in government. But the greater irony isthat the reform itself is neither urgent nor important.

Decentralization of government will remain ,a mytheven if France's 96 departments are grouped into 22regions with regional assemblies. The 22 regional pre-fects named by Paris will each have more executivepower than the 96 who run the provinces now. Thetaxing power will also remain centrally controlled.

Replacement of the Senate by an even weaker con-sultative assembly may also eliminate its anti-Gaullistmajority. But the existence of this hostile majority inone chamber has only meant a delay of a few weeks insome legislation until the Senate vote could be over-ridden- by the Gaullist-controlled National Assembly.

The third reform would make the Gaullist Premier,rathervthan the anti-Gaullist Senate President, interimChief of State in the event of Presidential death or dis-ability1; But that tenure would be limited to the 20 to35-day; election campaign that would ensue. Few of deGaulle's supporters feel this to be vital. Since lastJune's election the Gaullists have had an absolutemajority in the National Assembly, the first one-partymajority in French history. With their control of thegovernment assured for the next four years, they seelittle reason to risk an upheaval now.

The unrest exposed by the strikes of students andworkers last year will not be appeased by any of thecurrent reforms. In any case, violence has not eruptedagain this spring. On the contrary, it is the referendumthat has stirred up discontent, instead of easing it.

Even some Gaullists may vote "Non," especiallyyoung people who feel the general has overstayed histime and would be.better replaced now.

In jyjese circumstances, the referendum shapes upas anj>act of authoritarian bravado. President de Gaulleannounced one during last year's strikes; but post-poned^1 when' defeat appeared likely. The election

called instead was essentially a PompidouvictofyvNow the general is insisting on a personal voteof confidence. His eleventh-hour television appeal Fri-day fey yet. v^in it.for:him. But the atmosphere in171*0n'n*fc-'-'4

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. - - . , .. ,Paris taxi drivers debate'tfie referendum, in which President de Gaiille^asks a vote of "014,"

. By:3QHN L. HESSSpgCffiFlo'Tlw Wew York Times

' QRLEArlS;iJFrance, AprU 26—"I hsi^'j&sfilin^-'faifh-iji deGaulle '' said'Mrs. Blot, "but Idon't know'Why he had'toa referendum. Politics, I sup-pose.".- ' ". -

If there'is.'such a thing as, ayEicai'Gaullist, it is this wispy

widow''in 'black, keeper of aboarding "house. Her worry

: .'^ide'-belief that Presi-s a

A curbstone survey of. thjsprosperous commercial citythe Loire found that, tljeon the ballotT^-regional reor-ganization and : Senate .reform

his votei on;his .continued tenurer—bn butweighed''the''possible nier-

'issue its

have —7-was virtually'fhe least among divi;the preoccupatiohs of voters.

For those. leaning "toward:"no" vote, the overriding Icon;cerns were taxes, the costliving and the survival oT small

re- business. . .On' the side of a "yes" vote,

difficult stability and the stature.President—Who has made,

the v: referendum a corffiderice

'•b'f greater regional autoh-pmy...,. u _ ,' The .Jipll also jound a sharpvision "of- -outlook according

to class Jarid'age, except that, aa general -, .feeJing; of xflssatisfa,c-

tibii cut across all lines. !"Ipelulle is right," said an anti-

Gaullist intellectual, "when hetalks; ,ab'out a social malaiseV

„, At the' depot,, a young rajl-6f road worker said: "I've no cbh-

of Gau

P CD

MEW YORE POST, Monday, 28 April 1969

The Twilight of Charles de GaulleIn effect President Charles de Gaulle

had submitted to the people of France theproposition that they could not live with-out him (or, in the spirit of an earlierruler's phrase, "L'etat, c'est moi"). Theanswer, despite de Gaulle's domination ofthe country's TV facilities ,and otherpropaganda instruments, was "Non" by amajority clearly decisive enough to smoth-er any talk of a recount.

It is hard to believe that de Gaulleviewed' the elaborate, complex and, inmany, respects, peripheral constitutionalreformsThe had urged as crucial to Frenchsurvival. Rather he appears to have feltthe moment had come for a final massivereafCirmation of faith in the mystique ofhis rule. Indeed, in this lonely aftermathof defeat, he may still cherish the notionthat ensuing discord and disorder willonce again prove him indispensable andinvite a grand, climactic return to power.

But while the explanations advancedfor his defeat are a combination of varieddiscontents, there is an aspect of some

,, finality in the results. He imparted that-tofte to^ the "event by his pledge—quickly

and tersely fulfilled—to renounce hisoffice unless his wishes prevailed. Beyondinflation, taxes, youthful revolt and adultm^aise, the issue was de Gaulle—nationalhero and legend. He chose to draw it thatway.

.Amid all the uncertainties of the im-mediate future, what most read as a voteof no confidence in the longtime, 78-year-old leader may curiously express a cer-tain rebirth of self-confidence amongFrenchmen.

Clearly many of them—including someof his most dedicated past adherents—nolonger believe that Fidnce is doomed to

• civil war and national disaster without hisomniscient presence. There may even be a

, sense that "Papa's" long reign has stifledthe emergence of younger leaders andfresh approaches.

While yesterday's news contains theelements of tragedy always associatedwith the decline of a strong, proud man,it hardly portends the fall of Frauoe. Manyspecies of demagogue will seek to fill the,vacuum. But his departure may also setthe stage for new, affirmative politicalbeginnings in a time of worldwide ferment.

MONDAY/ APRIL 28, 1369* . •"• "i

under'Jt^ W ^ r

Feagh:he graffiti5'Cn'th'e walls and sidewalks of'I^aris

years, that's endugh,'"r ,"" n 's ",The words-Siyere at once an expres-^

_n-jof political oppo^Sitfon, 7tp Gen,Chiles de Gaulle, president of Eranc^'si||cVl9^8, andean accurate prophecyoi| Jhlngs Jtp Cpme. t ^^

1 Lasl 'Mfht De Gaulle ireiagngd fi$"it^bp|?ariie evidetit that the proposed'coAs'fetpljon.al changes/on which hgS^dlstafed"his pohjacaf fortunes hadg§be*to, defeat at th:et hands of thevp^ers ofFrande-.

'JlEi^tdTians >of the future may sttg-gest that De G^uile, at 78l( was fin-ished,, politically even if hej had Hot

woiffd'have tbppled-one^way or'within., a 'short^time ^— for-wa$ unquestionably awash

disconterit over his domestic

Yet tliere wa£ tremendous irffliy-mtS^factJjhrat he went dowfrto defeat<5^sr propb^ls which'had-'little oft thegrafid^ur fbr wKitth Ke was justifiablyredoSvned.

Last Spring^ m the wake of stu-labdr Violence,-De Gaulle

nation "a society of par-" in which, he implied, Hhe

influence of the Bureaucratic centralgdyer-nltoent would be greatly dimin^ Iish'e^ in favor of greatly augmented^regiottal-power.'But the constitutional*alterations offered to theyoters Sun-day did uot actually go-very'far They•tyolild haye'lef t the all-important tax-pn-Sjpower firmlyunder the control ofthe central government, a^id Avouldactuilly^haYe vested ^ greater powejin -thi proposed 22 "PatJsUppfiinted

prefects than tHe" tieao^'^feflt 96 departments, or

y a companion changeU J1!

proposed bf He Gaulle would havereduced 'the anti-Gaullist Senate' tothfe status of a cbnsultative assembly—?b^scarcely a.,,measure to enhance"paj-ticipa,twn "

..And since votes of the Senate canalready be overridden inA fairly shortorder fby t the National Assembly,wfitch'j^ firmly under the control ofthe* Gaulhsts, the general had nopressing needj 4or .this proposedchange. -*

Last night de/ Gaulle's chief lieu-tenant, .Premie/ Maurice Couve deMurvjjle, sorrowfully told the nationthatx"a new chapter had been openedin France's histoiry" And so, barringa political miracle, it has. The manwho engineered France's historic dis-engagement from^Algiers^and jijgt ayear ago restored order to a gnevous-Kly divided nation has seeminglyreached the end of. the political road.

De Gaulle said before the ballot-ing'that the French people would actout of "recklessness" if they votedagauist his proposed constitutionalchanges Couve has now echoed thisstatement wjth the ^prediction thatFrance is in for a,"difficult period,perhaps a period of trouble" Hecould "very well "be- right, notwith-standing the ""response of Socialistleader Guy Mollet that "if there aredisturbances in the street, we shallknow from whonxthey come,"

,,_ , In any event, as the nation pro-ceeds with the task of finding a suc-cessor'to "Le Grand Charles," Couve'sassessment of this colossus of Frenchhistory^ will not be successfullychallenged:

* '5G«n 'de Gaulle was at the centerof f our political "and national life, re-establishing peace.*. Restoring" the'y

^ ' ^ ^ * : < \state, affirming the stability of power,''s

' J? i_ ~Ht. \-ti a tiSJ

HEW YORK TIMES, teA 4,9-69- KcSJ

/• T > . ;; *>,-« ••;

ey Is Awaiting a RetirementBy LLOYD GARRISON. SpwW to Tht ,S«w York'.flmM^

' COLOMBEY-LES - DEUX-EGLISES, France, Monday,April 28 — As General deGaulle received word that hisreferendum had lost, therewas no question in France asto where he would settledown.

The 18-room house on asmall, walled-in estate herehas been his base and politi-cal retreat for more than 30years. It is here that he willretire, most probably to t de-vote himself ,to writing, anew and final installment to

,his memoirs.The vote stunned Colom-

bey, a quiet farming commu-nity of 380 people about 180miles southeast of Paris. Al-though no one here could saythat they knew him well, old-er residents remember1 thegeneral's unescorted walksthrough the town and neigh-boring fields-when he was ayoung, pre-World War- II

"army officer. In-those daysMrs. de Gaulle used Jo do herown shopping in, town. Since

the war she has ordered byphone, qr has sent her'house-keeper to Colombey's onlygrocery.'While General de Gaulle's

home town was almost solid-ly behind him, the slightdecrease in the number ofthose voting for him hereoffered an early indication oftrouble. '

The-de Gaulles voted in thesmall stucco town hall short--ly before noon. The generalwore a gray suit and Mrs. deGaulle & bright, plum-coloredspring dressf ,

The general .'stumbled atthe top of the narrow wood-en stairs leading to the vot-ing hall on ithe second floor,then recovered his balancewith the help of an aide andpromptly cast his ballot. Hewalked /out three minuteslater, waved to reporter$,3Jjd'photographers,1 and drovewith his wifel back to hishouse.

Just about everyone of vot-*ing age was on hand in thehall at 6 o'clock last nightwhen' .the ballots' werecounted. Teh minutes later,

the results were called but'.bya clerk: ; ,

Oui: 158.' Npn: 21.

•'Genera} de Gaulle's chauf-feur, .Paul Foltemil, jotteddown the figures, rushed out

.without emotion and droveup the hill with the news.

Despite the percentage ofthose voting "oui," thereWere official' frowns allaround. One Coiombey offi-cial kept'-Insisting to news-men: :"Remember, Coiombeyis not France*'"

A few years ago, the onlypeople in. "Coiombey whovoted against 'the Gaullistswere the Down's four Commu-nists. Then after the Maystudent rebellion and 'generalstrike, 14 voters casts their

t 'ballots for anti-Gaullist can-,didates in the National As-

i senibiy ejections last" July. **A#',fhe botfom of .the hfil,

4lTyearrold, Pierre '.Grepen/owner of one of Colonibey'stwo cafes, was disconsolate.

"It's only- the y6ung who ,don't like, the genera:!,"; he'said, pouring1,third glass'bf the

8'

~ ' ' p u ' - c o ^a,hs

^'Unusually Somber Paris Says *By JOHN L. HESS

Seeds! to The New York TlrawPARIS, Mohday, April 28—

Frenchmen were finding it hardto believe early this morningthat they had voted by a major-ity to retire President deGaulle..jParis, was unusually somber

More people than usual hadstayed home to vote, and week-end/, traffic .,was!^vfell.-l3elownormal. But neightfbfhood barswere largely deserted last eve-ningj an<l :the few customerskep't'-'their own'counsel.

In a tour . of the city, onlyonef small sidewalk .'crowd wasfound •discussing- the"'"electionThis; was on the Champs-Elysees, which, otherwise hadfar fewer strollers or cafe' sit-ters than normal. ; • • ' . •

,'. At 10 P.M.; two hours afterthe airwaves had reported, adefinite "non" trend,, a largegroup;in the crowd was insist-ing :that the returns, were notyet final.. .: The students, who started itall a year ago, seemed to havedeserted the Latin Quarter earlyin the evening, although theygathered later and clashed oc-casionally with the police.

Near.the,Sorbonne, in a cafejthat, received • many < a tear-gas^- '-^•^jz bartender

ts -reporter who~_,.^,^_ ,\rMe felt. "I'mietsaid grimly.

"France is not made fordictatorship. It's Monsieur Mowho is going. Who will comein. now? A centrist, I supposeI don't think he'll be any betterBut anyway he won't be underthe domination of an emperor.'„ A bearded young actor, theonly customer at -the baragreed. "It's perfect," he salegloomily. Asked why there waslip celebration, he replied, "be-cause there's nothing behind i it—nothing on the right, nothingon the. left, nothing in thecenter."

Even in the ornate Euxern-bourg Palace, seat of the Sen-ate, hardly a smile was to beseen. Under the Gaullist re-form,--the Senate was tp havelost the last vestige of its legis-lative r6le and become .an ad-visory council on economic andregional planning.

A few . Senators and- con-servative politicians gatheredto meet the press in the lobbyand tq talk politics with AlainPoher, the Senate President,Who had sprung into promi-nence because he would be in-terim president, of the Republic.

In the lobby, a woman askedsenator Andr6 Colin of Brit-:any, who, like Mr. Poher, is

member of the conservativeCenter Democrats, whether he:hought there was a danger of

Gaulist coup d'4tat._

"I exclude that altogether,"the Senator replied.

"I think the campaign 'hascreated; a. new fact/' he said,"the unity that built up fromGiscard to Duhamel to a greatnumber of radicals." •

He referred to /the oppositionto the referendum : posed "hy>Valery Giscard D/Estaing/head"of me". rndeperidfent Republi-cans;. Jacques" Dwiafiiel, headof th'e Center ^enipcraiid'biocr"and'ithe Radical"Socialist partyVformerly allied to the Sociilis'ts,; Mr. Poh|r";Js widely men-,tioiied now: as a candidate' o(;:a. cohseryatiye-tientei' .bloc ji^the Presidential electibns to beheld :about a moiith from now.

hundreds of youths gatheredin the Latin Quarter early'this.Morning and began marching,up the Boulevard St.-Germaintoward St.-Germain des Pres^.As they went, they chanted'Adieu de Gaulle" and "It is

only a beginning —. we con-,tinue the struggle." '.

Some flare-ups, occurred be«ween the police and demon-strators, but by 3:30 A.M. theauthorities reported that thesituation was in hand. Officialssaid that about 70 demonstra-:ors had been taken into cus-tody and ,th,a,t ,5 p.olicemens and;3hn,,f -•• W^a&3M5s^ j^yhad::

fe>;tgift..::i

been^

'. k-^^^^!^^^?^-^^^^^ wksiJwhfii^rJii S^yi;lTSffi^^fe%7^y| $$3i $'&$$§;y$>!?.

NEW YOBK TIMES, Monday, 28 April 1969

. vJhe . _Fr.e£ch;S|iithorities " eon

' qualiflec

Large business corporationhave been depleting their frandeposits, .. while individuaFrenchinen, despite tough?'exchange controls^ have beensmuggling banknotes out of thicountay.

Confidence has declined be-cause of continued deficits inthe French. • balance cff paymerits since general strikeslast May and June thatbrougha rise :ih .wages'and the <cosjof living. .

New. wage agreements stilhave to be negotiated, antthere is some concern, whetherthese can be held down toj.themodest levels. the Governmeb.thinks necessary -without a-n&vround; of-geheM. strikes, '''

a-.j cui*jj, .uaittums'^ut:. jpttyjjieShift. ,into.'-,thev-bl$c£;;by; ,next' '$6i£::" Currency -sjsecw-tprs,. KPwever, rarely take of-ficial ipViedictidns top. seriously:

One of President' ije Ca'Ulle'saims to resisting devalua'tion of'the^franp^.waAsto nta'intain pres-sure pn,:the'.West'German 'au-thorities for .an upwardrrevalua-tlon ipf .ihe.vmarfc .;:'.. .' :

Now, the- President's resfg^-nation may hasten the West.German' currency, action. ;.Geri-"era! de Gaulle felt that WesternEurope's currency, troubles re-sulted.-in large'Jm'easurb front'-anundervalued mark, which heconsidered -responsible "f pr hugeWest:Gerhian:trading'<urpluses.

Despite pressure from France,Britain-and the:'United States,the Bonn Gpvernmeht refusedto revalue during the crisis last-toy, •- - ' ' - - •1

!ly is'gone—mustless be reckoned the mostimportant event in Western*Europe,for years. * " *

British feelings, mixing ex-citement and apprehensionijWiHbe duplicated to a large extentin Brussels, headquarters of theEuropean i Economic Communi•y Gaullist opposition to^politi-cal unity in Europe has slowedprogress within the community

But even'his severest feritiesexpressed some uneasinessabout the s.hort-run^effects' ofPresident de 9au(fe*s"dep»rtyrVThe concern is financial: [thepossible pffects on the^stabilltyof European currencies. !

,Financia( CobcemThe, pound,'with Jtstag hls^

tory of sp,eculative ? attatijts,tends to cpme'fflnder'-press'urewhenever any" other leadingcurrency looks* weak Treasuryand Bank of England officialsnervously awaited the opemngof the foreign-exchange mar*kets later this morning

In recent Weeks the poundhas .held up strongly fin themarkets despite < disappointingforeign trade figures Officialsexpressed confidence prfyatejythat they could handle anyshort-ter^i side-effeqts of a runon the^ranc. * '

ISoth ^th? tUnlted States ,Britain '— and the othey«coun'-tnes of * Western Europe i TTwould want'any devaluation ofthe franc to be by a relativelymodest amount, first agreedUpon, in discussion.

Bonn Issues Statement, The pne, European f-Gov^rn-Imsnt o that issued a »formalstatement by'iyay of rpactiop,early tpday was West Ger-many's GUntertDiehl, the chiefspokesman in Bonn, said thatGeneral de Gaulle's decisionremoves a great statesmanfrom the international scene',.'He added _," / I

"West Germany'lsi |j\ debt tpCharles de Gaulle Bee tabhshed WestFrench friendship,, 1nd,of the change of majorities1 andgovernments, as" an" elementalmcredlent of {he common Eu-ropean policy of p, eaee'" ^'

«ern\an 'ffnancial circles ejbpres^eoj on,e opinion that willb8"share'd,''Wdely in Washing-ton.jLondon and elsewhere TheFrench situation will increasepressurevfor an upward revalua.tion of Hip mark

Last year, When tthe. francwas m trouble, 'finance"1 mln-Jsters and central bankers* rpiJhe heading western, fhiancialppwers met in Bonn. The WestGermans came under strongurging"to raise th,5 mark's valuebit resisted it < - '

'instead, the Bonn Govern,ment agreed to f certain taxchanges to discourage exportsBut the "West German, tradeBalance continued ;to be so fa-vqrable-'that the countries withcontmumg^deficlts still feel themark, should be, Devalued tomake West German exportsmore.-.ejtpensive.

NEW YORK TIMES,, Monday, 28 April 1969

MOREFLEXMTY: IN FRANCE IS SEENU.S. Officials Expect Cain

for European Unity

By PETER GROSESpecial to Th« N«w YorJt Times

WASHINGTON, Monday, April28—The Nixon. Administrationstarted preparing yesterday andearly today for .quiet consulta-tions among the Western Eu-ropean allies i about futuremove? toward European unitywith a post-de Gaulle FrenchGovernment.' No immediate shifts inFrench policies toward theUnited States or the NorthAtlantic Treaty Organizationare expected as a result ofPresident de Gaulle's resigna-tion.

But United States officialsbelieve that, with the generalin retirement, even loyal Gaul-Jists will gradually show moreflexibility toward Britain andother countries seeking closereconomic and political relationswith the European CommonMarket. • • '•

There was no immediate offi-cial reaction from the WhiteHouse or State Departemnt onthe outcome of the Frenchreferendum and President deGaulle's subsequent resignation.

A Period of TransitionAfter the coming few weeks

of political transition in France—and diplomats here are bracedfor what they believe may bea stormy election campaign—•the Administration intends toexplore gently in various alliedcapitals to discover any newavenues toward the elusivegoal of European unity.

General de Gaulle's personalpredilections - have long beenconsidered the main roadblock<to British participation in theCommon Market. While otherleading Gaullists, notablyGeorges Pompidou and MichelDebre", have adopted their lead-er's reasoning in their publicremarks, analysts here believethat they will gradually moveinto* a less rigid posture. .

This may come about, accord-'Ing to this analysis, as a delib-erate attempt by a new FrenchGovernment. to . establish its'own identity and not .appear asa pale after-image of General

' de Gaulle> regime.

. . . ,jfre/prms Were Popular,

But Raised Side Issues- •• .Special tO;The New Yor/c Times.

r. "P.ARIS;''"April 27—The de-feated French plan 'to distrib-ute some I of the powerpfYthe

- central .Government amongthe/regions.- of.'Frajice was apopular one. But:in detail, assubmitted to"tlie citizenry, it'raised issues that cost, the;.Government-votes. • '•- •• , :

'The city-of Nancy;> a..Gaul-;

lisKstronghold,. :voted 30,307against the reform to 20,698in favor—possibly because- arival city, /Metz, had beendesignated •ov.er Nancy ascapital of the region of Lor-raine-.'IVfetz votetf for the re^form; 24,966 to 17,322, butthe ..•regime suffered a sub-stantial net loss in the dis-pute* v

."he complex reform meas-Uie i.'uaid have been . sub-mitted to the' overwhelmingly

- Gaullist.. National. Assembly,where it- .would have,been ap-proved with little, opposition.President de :G. a'ulle',. howey.eri, •'insisted that it Vf&s'ai, measure''•-:of great, .,„ importance that ':•

Dsais Not Expectei^;1;';vUaited States-offitiials do-not

e;3^ec ;:P.resident:.N.ixon .to. rushin .'with liewlfrprppqsals fromWashington, forr .the future or-ganization of Europe. This, theyfeel,.would only .invite criticismof linseemly,meddling in Euro-pean affairs.'and tould even hecited as justification for Gen-eraKde Gaulle^sigftistated belieftliat'.:.,.Wes,ter.n.,fgu.rope,,was jndange.r pf" falling jn%3r| .Ameri-can "hegemony." . K,r; ,

Moving much inprg.,, slowly'andyrTsubtly, Ad.pinistrati'ori of-ficial^ --..expect:' to v. encourageoth^i; .European ; governmentsto ralfe. their"t own initiativestoward reviving the mbmeritum

' of Eurtfpeari unity, which Presi-derit de Gaulle had successfullystalfed/ "• '• . • • ' • ' ' " ,. :

The 'chances are consideredgood that by, the fall signs ota new: French' attitude will bevisible. . : : - L • • ' • • - "

After years of "ill feeling be-tween the French arid AmericanGovernments, the gerteral's de-parturer comes at a time whencordial personal rapport be-tween the F;rench and'AmericanPresidents has been restored.

Mr.' Nixon's' European- tour inFebruary had been largely de-signed- around his eagerness tobuild- a ••personal relationshipwith -the: 787year-old generalSubsequent comments" on1 both

1 sides made ,it :clear .that thiseffort had been successful.

But United. •States 'officialsbelieve that, the improvementin. French-American relations isbased on much .more :than per-sonal --ra^prt ..at • the. .top andthat, in ; fact this -improvementwas starting ,t oevolve as longas a, year ago.. . . ' -:

The heat:"had:-.been taken -outof two .'major-irritants betweenthe two capitals ^--PresidentJohnson's strategy in Vietnamand: President de Gaulle's brus-que'; withdraw_al. from NATO'sintegrated .military ...commandceaSedto be relevant grievancesin Paris and Washington. •••

' Thus the •resignation of Geral- de- Gaulle, which -wouldhave been greeted with 'delight.in .-Washington two or 'threeyears afro, now seems- to .pro-voke neither pr^at ^satisfactionnpr=great concern!

NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 28 April 1969

crisis in Algeria. "French Gov-emment..pffi<:es:. in Algiers hadbeen seized by European set-tlers ther.§,, aided.by. the mill-tary>. ., . ,. ' - -. . ..

O.n May 19 Jie declared, atjanews conference, "I stand readyto take-over the powers of the

violent .outbreak!; of .pepubjic,"'. And -two franticweeks later — on June 1 — he'was-rinstalled as Premier.

Speolll to Th« New York Timw

PARIS, April 27—The Frenchpvfernment was in chaos whenharles de Gaulle assumediwer 11 years ago, and.saw.asranee. .,'/ \In those 11 years ithere wasbrief and violent .outbreak!,1 oflaps .-last May and JuneSwiien»';'*. students'' 'an'dv 'workers•ought ther Gaulllst.: r^gh^e,sar collapse. But bncefmqrB,'le Gaiillist magic worked and•der was restored 'in; the wake1 an' a landslide victqry inmal e1firflons.L l • < ' :' •

Vltj is \still debated, in. Francewhether'.^ his. resumption

onal Selections.'It can 'thus be said1 that aajor- distinction .of 'the genei\.'s regime was that It gave thejuntry stability.:In the fivecj years-before the vestedeneral's return, France had byine governments. In half a 'jntury France :had'been Heva-:.ated by World'War I, hurt by was,e depression, .overrun oncelore1 ,-in : Wbrld War -n andrained thereafter by prolonged Gaulle•ars,; in, ;.two. colonies-*—Indo-hiSa1 arid1 Algeria/ '; :..Her •pppulatiorf,"40:5~ million,•as the same in,1958i as.it was

The stability of Gaiillism inistori.c..perspeo.tiye;can be seens' a rare period in whichrpnce had peace and prosper-:y-Bnd.:a; growing, if controver-ial, role in .world -affairs. Theituation may have been un-atural. " " i ' ' • . - ' • '

Algeria Roused HimIt'was. the-war in'Algeria th

rought Charles de Gaulle outf retirement a.t ,h\s .countryom'e in Colbmbeyiles-Deux-glises. He had withdrawn fromct.ive; political life .in. 1947 after4' months' 'as- head 'of tne ppst-beration coalition governmentnd an aborted effort to" gainb'weVin :the"newl'y' constitutedarliamentary Government that

le-was

deveiqmnent of '.fre'nch__...».:»H«TMj-Vi».*UA:n

frustrated bid' to., enter into a"directorate". withi.,th«s UnitedStatesi';:and Brita|a«ajjd'-:bx'vthedetonationof herijlrstanuclearJ---''-^ln*,the Sahara* Febru,.

power was brought - abgufe'Siyan . organized righfcwing' .plot—in effect, a coup 'd'etat—orwas/an'.inevitable respprise.,J:a'the/needs pf the moment ,'S''^*-*--\e-rsthe;jbrigitis;of hU

.,,,-„. _;?;wasSs?cDpip;iete""fromthe -start. As Premier'-he "was

ted with authority -to- riiledecree for'-'sjx 'months^dur-

which a new republicanConstitution —: France's fifth—

to be prepared,The new charter was the

foundation, .of the de... regime.: Above all, it

established^ a powerful .gresi-dency, effectively- reduced!'theNational Assembly from gov-erning body to ribber stampand all .but extinguished theSenate. . ,

The terms were dictated forCharles.de Gaulle by Charlesde-'Gaulle, andoinder'its termshe was promptly elected for aseven-year term, and-re-electedfor another term in 1965,

The other significant develop-ment ..of the brief premiershipwas a monetary and-economic'reform that culminated in "de-valuation of the franc at theend of the year and laid thefoundations from which Gen-eral de Gaulle was later toopen his attack on the dollar.It was the fifth devaluation ofthe franc after World War1-It

Algeria a Preoccupation 'Algeria was :to be the pre-

occupation of the early Gaul-list years until late 1962: -But

'.the one-other matter intruded, "

at was

.the 1962 accords ,atEvian ..lei'.Bains which"gaveAlgeria .independence and endedthe; war, • Gaulllsm was-, freedtp. ituiii;ito;. other, business.""•Vlhe^first item was a changeiri-'the--.method ,of selecting ,aPr,esldei}ti, .by direct popularvote?'-instead of by "grandelectors,'1. General de Gaulleproposed; that the; pepple them-selves'-ypte 'pa-this change,..byreferendum, • thus : skirting 'theNational -'Assembly's- constltu-.tibnal^prerogative of-amend-meijt..' . - : • ' . •-., (

' ' Assembly, infuriated,voted to. ''.^'ensure • the newGovernment.; under, • GeorgesPompido.u and,: threw., it: outGeneral 'de Gaulle.retaliated.bycalling a .new election, whichretuned a majority. ' '-In themeantime, he had'also:won thereferendum on' direct presi-dential'--election: :

Mixed RelationsGeneral de Gaulle had

failed =to stir, up his.-1 interna*tional delations hi the earlieiyears—refusing, for example, to "<pay United Nations-assessments sepaifor: the peace-keeping force-in celetthe Congo. But;.he"had~received trip'President Kennedy 'warmly., in were1961, and'shad ' publicly sup.ported. the..TJnited States-, posl'tion in the Cuba missile crisisof 1962. ':. His s,tand on Cuba :was always cited by,him and hi? sup-porters as -proof that in ' -genuine crisis France wpside with her historic allies-^but it was the last impo;evidence 'they could cite.

Genera] de Gaulle's first bigshpck for th« world after Al-

the geria was his veto t>f British macy.

lie membership';. In the EuropeanCommoiv*'Market: in January,1863.;He foUowed"-quickly with

United negotiation of 'a .treaty otcooperation with" France'straditional \enemy, -the Ger-mans,. \ • ' . ~ : •

In the: same year he refusedto sign -the, treaty'banning allbut underground nuclear tests,rejected the- United States pro-posal to integrate allied mili-tary -forces, and began -liis at-tacks on the United States forthe war in Vietnam.';*He opened 1964 with recogni-tion of Communist China.

In that year he suffered hishy only known, hospitalization, 'i!f* «*Virostate'operation, .and-

aVmonth later for-a"tour of Latin Americawould have exhausted a

man,.

allies as \veft asStates.. He icouIdSfor trymg to: irh]relations. NorS did;;hl^Commpn;:Market partners: .giihlc:,he'w?s:

all wrong: in /vetoing,; Britain^.. . " T- T-J— 'l."J.. -. ' ' ' • . . . ..^rst memi

.But, he "always.;i;seem'ed toseekrouti the inpstjii.pfferpossible modes at ietipn.;: .,no acts were more^pffensive'tqthe United .S.tates'-tKgri'iiiion the gold stpcksiatlFprtand his ouster of Upjted'StaStiforces, from France.,: , \ , .;i

fie "'. Gaulle's enjijepolicy could be' l'"this w.ay: Withdraws.Ior military organization of- ._

—* ' " "' "" ' :pfy

u1" to pr

Annoying StreakHe'was then 74 years old.

De Gaulle watchers, Including j!the Central Intelligence :Agericy,looked for signs.of senility. Butall they could find was'jjjs ob-viously failing eyesight, whichhad become so bad that some-times he sho.ok hands ,with hisbodyguards while plunging his

not pear-shaped hulk into crowds o•na- cheering Brazilians or French-•Her men or other hosts.

His trip to Latin America, a-parate trip to Mexico, and theCelebrated fiVive Qu^bSc''Libre"

' to Montreal tor Expo 67,e 'consciously made to flex

French muscle near the UnitedStates.

His-travels were part ofv

major foreign policy, objective—to deflate 'the! overpowering The^hegemony" of ,the Unite<i an,j

'a States and to restore some lost1 effc"wpuld glory to his own country,llies-^ He went around the world in

important 1966 and, from Cambodia,, loud-ly, attacked the war'in'Vietnam; .fact.

There was an annoying streakin General de Gaulle's diplo.

, annoying to 'tba-'r

.came 4ft power-but her 'rhwas' ; resk-. and there.-'ation;,^fter l}e. devalued' '

in;J-l!S58,;;:ithe'.ifoano long! was '

* He,

J^froBimuch directions • -of..' 'theatcpmpass,'/,

condemnation 6f Arflerican'ppli.oies in Southeast A"s)a; 'insist-ence on a return todthe goldstandard; .opppsitionV.tp Aineri'-investments 1 . ' as • underminingEuropean independenpe; rejec?tion of British memlaership -Inthe Commoni'Marketiiand. ayer-tures to Eastern Eurppe. and the.Soviet Union. , . - ' . .

All : this, Gaullists; say,"f not directed agamstsjthe II'

States,, only against ;,its":monyi" *•' ;

People Not Offended

'his-,the

Most of this forei,failed to offend thi.people. In all prob|b(lltjmasses gave them li{tle>thc ._ .

The offenses pf'G'auIiUsm 'tothe mass of frenchmen,were „„,,the unending .stringency- of tb.e jnggovernment's economic-pblicies; a rThe French economy'needed'theand still needs, att. -:in$nsiv.e "

fort to bringJt;up'tp',.dite.;''President, de TJaulje's domes/-

tic achievements'ar^iespecially, reJe'reBd.iiin1

modest Jf -one-.'.consid&rs ;"

' " ir4... .;..jjt.jTrBjr;...:^-;>S • • • ' • ; ' •ierieralitle igaulle suffered a 'Bjp!un;e3tpec:tE.d' setb'ack -in'-i5^,vgieni^,failed,to win• on '

theS»;,£ir||i ;$a;nftt in. presidential • - seltctipns;.;:ifle;.j.ilought 'baolc dts- i

' '"""Je changed his.:ta,ctics.:Ideij.' to step, .down'-'

iedestal .afid..he-E

imi;(^::thft first tim^ in the iiaa 'and a -

. r dimensions. :„. ,,_,„..—:,flaunted his.'age; ha -eyen.' iscaiide'd his makeup for -

'all teliylsipn^appeafances. ,••Tfierefrwas a seccind;''seven--'

anor^dramatia-setbaek.-.ia^May; 'of'r:last^year when," behind- -Jusbackus.twas.on,a';State visit toTeiheeanJ. the'Students'took overthe.-stjieetSi.of Paris--and a.gen-erll; strike paralyzed most -of. v"e .cbuntry; -,. '': r> ' '*•

television, -a huge 'Gaullist 'dem- -qwas otistrafiotf'-Mbng^the' €harhte^ 2

Jft^he

, -'hege- Jhreatf of . radioal-i:rev61utlon:' to -)

swing- the- tide "4ack to General"'ull8*wJi(ii»th?'eleaUoh5'tri..l

P|: June. ••"" • ' • - * • > • • - - - .ait'-fft- tha'-iwords ' of -terajer :i

Premier" :T3eorge • Pompldouj inever" be -qultei " •

.the '"Things

l.D.een-shSakesi, bigger-1...„ ......'fjight^pficap^taljrthen Ja. run'-;ftoro -tha • fraiic, -forcing'''he G'pyernpent into htidget 1u'ts^aitd' highly jinpopular re-

stri.ctions,-"': '".;: -.-" " - . ' ' • ' -• i'"'h^the'cajnpaign for today's^

-—;j-'-- General'de - '-, GauUe 3'again. Csppke : 'twifie. He 1)ad •itaked;-C'q?itinuatlc^ of: nis :terta

11 on the outcome of the vote. At'?"7S yea«r of age, ths magia '

failed him* ' >

NEW.YORK TIMES, Monday, 28 April 1969ftffif %Jf*j! f~

Interim Successor to cfe GaulleAlain Emile Louis Marie Poher

By .ANDREAS FREUNDSpedal to The.New York Timw ,' '-.-

PARIS, Monday, April 28—Alain Ppher, who under

the French Constitution, sue-:ceeds General de Gaulle as ,the president of France pend-ing new elections, was hardly :

more' than a name to mostFrenchmen until April 17.: On; that day, -Mr./Poher's...60th birthday, French televi- ,

siori viewersVdis----'5: Man/ ''covered that ,he..-

In the kad a. ^ace> a Per". . . sbnality- and a--;News voice. The voice, .

. • ' • ' . . very"softly, said->/'No." It was a "No" to Gen--era! de Gaulle, pronouncedfirmly but without passion bya quiet Frenchman on thecountry's television screens.

Frenchmen, having had inGeneral de Gaulle a giant forso long, have built up ameasure of wistfulness for amossr life-size leader. Mr.Poher may fill that bill.

That quiet Frenchman be-gan moving into the lime-light/last Oct. 2, when he waselected to the presidency ofthe Senate. In the job, hesucceeded a much better-known figure, Gaston Mon-nerville, an amiable blacklawyer and amateur fluteplayer from French Guiana,who had headed France'ssecond chamber for 21 years.Early in the Fifth Republic,Mr. MonnerviJle, a liberal,fell out with the President,and General de Gaulle withhim.

When Mr. Poher's electionbecame known, observersshrugged their shoulders. Ob-viously, they said, Mr. Poher,elected as he was with Gaul-list support, would be thegeneral's man and play ballwith the regime.

On that television program,which opened the campaignfor a national vote on re-gional reform and trans-formation of the Seriate, thecountry discovered Alain

Emile Louis Marie Poher (thename is pronounced po AIR.)

It was a' low-key perform-ance, all .the more so -as Mr.Poher appeared on the screenafter Premier Maurice Couvede>. Murville. And Mr. Couvede Murville, :who is basicallyshy; tends to be solemn andsomewhat stilted./ Mr> Poher appeared bothself-assured-;;and modest/ anaturally nervous man, yettotally at ease,just chattingwith' friends.' While Gaullist•orators, as'the general does,disdain recourse to notes, Mr.

: Poher evert jafforded himself'the luxury of occasionallyfingering his: '

As if with regret, Mr.Poher said he could not ap-prove General de Gaulle'splanned reforms and that hewould vote "No" in the ref-erendum. Other Frenchmen,he suggested mildly, shoulddo the same.Typical Educated Frenchman

It would be difficult tofind a more typical middle-aged educated Frenchmanthan Mr. Poher. He is on thesmall side and rather plump.He has a thin mustache andwears his dark hair slickedbackwards. He has puffyjaws and slanted eyes behindbig glasses which he putson, and off, and on againwhile he talks, and he talksfast, so fast at times thatwords stumble over eachother, while he stressespoints with Gallic gestureof arm, hand, and eyebrow.He exudes benevolence andshrewdness, and petulanceand humor.

Mr. Poher has the HarryTruman touch, an Americansuggested. To many French-men, he was reminiscent ofsuch other average French-men as former Premier An-toine Pinay, -the bourgeoisidol, and the well liked latePresident Ren6 Coty.

According to the Constitu-tion, Mr. Poher's interim

presidency would last a max-imum of 35 days, withinwhich he would have .to, or-ganize hew presidential elec-.tions; But there is nothingin the Constitution that does,not allow the interim Presi-'dent to run himself.

'Privately, Mr. 'Poher hasreferred to Ms presidentialpossibilities as the third stageof a rocket he is riding. Thepossibilities as the third stagefirst two stages went off with-out a hitch, he considers.They were'his electibnio theSenate in 1946 and .his pro-motion to the Senate presi-dency-last year.: i :

Mr. Pohen a mining engin-eer holding degrees in lawond political science as ;well,was propelled into .politicsby war and occupation. • Oneof the leaders of the resist-ance movement in Paris, hejoined the Christian-Demo-cratic Popular Republicans ofRobert Schuman at the endof World War II.

As chief of the personalstaff of Mr. Schuman, thenthe Finance Minister, in 1946,Mr. Poher was enthused byhis superiors dream of a unit-ed Europe, which was to ma-terialize with the six-nationcoal and steel pool a fewyears later.

As a promoter of Europeanunity, Mr. Poher spent yearscommuting between Paris,Brussels, Luxembourg, Stras-bourg and Rome, so much sothat the Pohers—he has beenmarried to the former Henri-spend all their vacations atette Tugler for 30 years-home, for a change. Homeis at Ablon-sur-Seine, nearOrly Airport, of which MnPoher is MayOr.

He has three hobbies: play-with his three grandchildren,the children of his onlydaughter, Marie-Agnes Jous-saint; collecting books onFrench history, particularlythe middle ages; and postalstamps.

De Gaulle's DefeatGeneral de Gaulle's resignation brings to a tragic

end an extraordinary era in French history. A leaderwho saved his country twice—from the disgrace ofmilitary defeat in 1940-45 and from civil war in 1958—has been repudiated at the polls after eleven yearsof authoritarian rule.

Historians may compare his ouster with that ofKonrad Adenauer, who overstayed his time, or thatof Winston Churchill, who was dismissed at the peakof his powers. But the ironies of de Gaulle''s departurefrom office in some ways are greater.

Undoubtedly, he had overstayed his time, as theMay-June stakes last year demonstrated. But, withhis incredible resilience, he had rebounded and electedthe first one party majority to the National Assemblyin French history. He had long feared that his mentalpowers would deteriorate in office and that none ofhis supporters would have the courage to tell him.In the event, he went down with his faculties unim-paired, fighting a quixotic battle he need not haveundertaken, a battle for marginal political reformsdemanded neither by the nation nor by his followers,but on'y by his own pride.

The very sense of mission and hauteur'that enabledhim twice to take the country in hand, and to identifyhimself with Joan of Arc and with France itself, are

-what, in the end, brought him down. The device—thereferendum—that he inserted into the Constitution toassure plebiscitary rule should a traditionally dividedFrance fail to provide him with a Parliamentary majori-ty;,, :became the weapon that tripped him up when,possessing a Parliamentary majority, he employed itunnecessarily. '• • . .

The question-now is whether Gaullism goes put withde Gaulle or whether the impending Presidential elec-tion will return a Gaullist successor anyway. Theoreti-cally, the General could run again himself to seekvindication. More likely, former Premier Georges Pom-pidou will become the Gaullist standard-bearer^ Butthe General's rule was so personal that it is a misnomerto. Ijalk of GaullisriT without de Gaulle. Whether Pompi-•'.efoi|;6r:;.an opposition leader is elected, a new period,is,opejiihg-that cannot fail to •'febtli within France and in

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HEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 28 April 1969

pageFwUl'.De<|urne'd :iti" pur-tbr$" ' ' ' : ' - ' '

" .lain''P6herj..;Pjies.ident:iOffSenatei 'wilV becSme.' fjfj)^resident- Of" -.the''' -republW]:pMp*^diisi:j.^y;5:> ;'::;#

1 .- I^otaiprship/iFeare'd:This y'thelineVof succe>i

''Tig .under;the rCoristitvition.terly contested feature fifGpvernmenps-'-aefeatea .c^iltutional "reform was iffiaf,

. By HEN^$:aNNE.fi;• l-SpeclaltoThe-Hew'i

PARIS, .Monday., April; .23-;-'Charles de GauUe sfeppedVd'ovm';e"arly today afteiMnoBe'.llian-10.years' 'as President- 'bftta'nceVHe acted after his regime::suf-fered .a numbing, 'defeat in. fclieferendurn. '_ _ .•. . ['':-' •Tif,5Si::sta'te'men't' issued- by hisfiffjgT: a't\ vElysee 'Palace, the;Y8rygkrjol;i ;.Presidemr; said: ''jcease? to- exercise my "function^'as-r-pfe'sitient of the Republic?•Fh'is'iSetision--takes effect't.odajrS-:n|on;'V:'' ' • ' . " ' - ' ••'.I -.Ttie'annc-Uncement was.made'-a- few :miiutes: past midnight;'(7vp;.'M.; \yeyi_ York tune).'. ;TH4-general, waa-at his country resji;Hence-'-at: Colombey-les-Deui-'Eglises;-;Wb,eire; lie traditibnaUy*ivotes.;:,::-::::/ • ' ' ' ; ' . -;.;;; • M.ogt yotes-Counted •;:

.Jn r j ieis. '... :!!™!};:Maic'elUn;, announced i, at' 1:20;| SB^wi!K.' Tdut::470;0(iOiVote"s;i'';accpunted' for^-t^e:.:!G'pv^sSfite'rit's till,"for cpnstitutionilp|4fpffrffha^'lbJefe56]^ctea::^'b,y^SZ;8|:fpeiv ''deiffiS 'pf/[ife ..iyp tej's.;i|;|:sfir)g';-vdid»'bfai^tlji^Tn^::^ffi'''' ' fa^i;e.d:jpyJ:|7 , eE^eMjr| lS;S^y>d;«t^SnejraJ&f|ffie^spSgariiJ^^esigijatalft*|g|f|tl|;tefilPSffd ts'"ani||:Bs:

._.e^^gjE§^ i i"£^ef~''demons'1:rlitqiiis3^l%^8i'-Champs-ElysSes! • 'i''••'•SS^'[

jpremiei;. RJaurice. 'leouyejjae;Sfuryilie. cpijejded'-iefeal'.:sjf$f,^?'b^ofe;:iri;ast,:-;^s-;itii|ri;|g . o y ei i p||icjpseji te-1::: ; : '" .:; ^

iW^P^Ws; m i?M^,m^^s^^^m|ul%^y^f

subm

.last surviv-

}<IThe: ::studeh1^g!Jd ^workerrebelUort-ofilaifcSday'was -theDeginningJ of the .'end,'" * many

the .Premier, wjio',by the President The OJJItfon feared this could mgisnt step toward dictat

'Mr. Poher's. task-will-beorganize presidential eleptto De_held np sooner thandays or later than 35 days frptoday

The , interim. . Presipowers are^limited He o'andissolve the Government orNational As embly and he>not asjt for a vote of. cpnfidin the Assembly:

Premier Couve de Miirville1

andjus Cabinet will remalfl fbgoarelaker government tor thisperjod j * *>

It was the Presidents pel?^sonal decision to call (he nation^lo trie polls Se\eral of -jhtsCabinet ministers Sand leadirigGaulhst ppliticians had aflviseSfstrongly against it S "

general has frequenta.'

..«•>!, hasjhad such towering,personal stature that Francespoke wlthi'il.mpre than theweight she/'would normally,have as 'a country of 50 mil-lion. Whatever his persona] In-1

ler from World Frenchmen felt. , Thei that month showed for the firsttime a crucial flaw in thejsplid-Itf tof the regime and of. the"resident. ' ^-*

For1 more than a week heremained silently to Elysee.

clinations, the new President, palace and., his Premier,Georges PompldPu, fought thebattle for' .the Government'.When he came out of his isola-tion, the President was able to

numDea. me .•o.^reaf ,ui uic call.the nationCto order in onereguae'mnd the, resignation o* angry speech, but. his powerthe_ President, were events1 of •"""•««'«»-some-aesin.' '

lacking-this .stature, is apt to bmore-'pliable to France's allies.

Many; Frenchmen, bothhere 'In the provinces, seemednumbed. The :defeat .of the.- Tf^._>. 1 it.

>i6vu= 'envtrfaljily acceptable tomany mei»b.ejrsi-of the. middle-.lass JanaSiliftej,business com-nanityh-tEherlJF'residenJ: thpsfoUnd' if ysfjciffi;1.!!!1 this 'cam.'jaign: to Tia's'sejji|j^at 'the onlyjhbicie' :W.4s-»WpenV-!ilm -aati>uuu>i,a-catastrpphe.'Thislstatemen't Kad ptrikesibeen:effective"-~--'-----•—'-- ' "- ^

men'have-beenthe - state-, .of econpn)io,ssisince last fall. Prices'.BaVEsiiR—up stdeply. The unionss^verejoYra..^^^^**.blocked by the .Gpvernme.nt :6n'l;had.,.anB8unced

such magnlfad- 'that mostFrenchmen, had doubted thatthey could^oceur.

"Voting ag^nst de Gaulle to,force him to .step down, is .'-likepatricide for-,most of us,V. fFrenchmen '.said before th^vote. He said; that for 11 yearshe lad voted! for the Gaullistregime, often1; with misgivings."This -time I'm voting 'no'—aridI'm voting -with conviction forthe first time," he s'aid:~'"' '•

But he thumbled.,and' ch. the subjectrwhen'he'.was'-

whether he would vote "no** h wuuiu u^ «. A.L«.«.™^.he knew that his vote would he Presidency. In .subsequdecisive in1 forcing President de ments he disclaimed any inten:

~ " • - - - ' *•'—!( of wanting to nudge 'Gen1 5 -out' .of office

Gaujle-out.,.. :,Mariy-Fi'en'climen would gifee

aeasonS":fpr the .general's

OJ1|J*jr o .yyi.", •".— fr .

was never .the same again. (' .fllime'ana aging were alspjfactprs. 'Although the Presi-dent's sevenryeur term ran•until; 19,72,: gradually more andmore-'Frsnchftien.had accepwdthe ;thought;<:<ffiat' some tunesppn the cotmtry would have-todo withoutYhim.. The issue-of

.succession tljus lost mii.ch ofthe terror it-Jhad, held for,- Jhe

I general's followers; '• •SX''Gau'Uist- successor- has

:beeh-- waiting-in- the. wings -forthe; Wst ^imViaMr^ampidoB:

i n q n . . .would-be a candidate for the

m is soli

r; cam- tax

. . . ,*npsp-. •viage. increase,behdent-'-'trjereha!.scr-iminate(t-.aregime, introdu

'Twice' this;.-jn'o'.chants .st'ajgs

On thi'planipolitics!' the f-for the::ElectPompidou", waNaz'aire, Brltta!

'

Jean sFsrriiptiTsaid: 'IastS5weefc:"Thetgeneral ;nee'd.sia'Bew cor-onatip'n. • every ^^rwp- prAi-.three

••years.'" ' , - , - • • ' ' . 'Although" the real issue in

the voting- was President deGaulle, the technical1 issue wasan ambitious" • refprnl of theConstitution.' ".-I ' '.

Under.the,proppsed constitu-, tional reforms; .the new French!Tegfons^K>u)d.>haye grouped the!.e'jjisUpg. 96 £epar'tments of Uylet-:ippojitaii! Franeefintp umWofc'bmiripn" 'historical"1 traditionwith' new regional, assemblieshandling local,social and ecp>nomic:affairsinstead;of the pre.fects who now represent .'thecentral Gpyernmeiit in each de^partment..

The Senate,-the cpiirjtry|siseq;ond legislative chamber;'whichis now-composed of 274 r^ern-bers chosen -.individually-, -iby"grand .electors.l'iwas'J.tpJjhavebeen; \transfprrned''intipVav'c'on.sultatlve ,'• council1-- '.representingthe proposed 'new regional: as-semblies on the national level.The 487-member Natlonfal As,.sembly wag to have remained

I unchanged.President-de Gaulle.-was.-un-

der no compulsion to hold thereferendum::;He«pul'd.have;s'eritthe reform bill to the Assembly,!where the"outcome'would-haVg-

'been favorable'to the fliment,- sjrice 'the Can overwhelmingseats. \t,, ,' ' • . •• .:

iri'.. tilast .appealnight, thr'78-year-oldasked,-his countrymen1

show pf/confidence''tljipermit him ' ~ l % 'terft, which

:«&»!'eAV^''b'

student ajid worker'of last May was "theI of the end," many<n felt The eventsth showed for the ftirstucial flaw in the soljd-le regime and of the

'ore than a week hei silently in Ely.se"e| and his Premie^Pompidou, fought fhebr the Government1 came out of his isola-President was able to

faation to order in oneseech1; but his powerif'thi same again.ap'd, aging were also*Although the Presi-eVen-ye^r term ran'2, gradually more <Igphinep had accepigtjt that some timecSuntry would h£ve to

Dutfhim. The issue -ofon thus 'lost much ofor it%ad, held for/ the\ folldwers. 7 ,s_atilli£i successor .JiasUtfng-in the wings fort< '

fof the|ub|tequent st'ate-

;|a l any inten-?|p: nudge Gen-'-put' pf office

is a solid

figure emirifintiy acceptable tomany meriibers of the middleclass and the business com-munity The t President thusfound it difficult in tfiiff cam-paign to aKsert^that the onlychoice was between hM andcatastrophe. This statement hadbeen effective In several votes

§Many, perhaps'nlost.'Fre.ncli-men have been un^Sppy withthe state t)f econovnlic"affairslp,ompidisince last fall Prices h^ye' gone *T 3-up steeply. The unions wereblocked by the Gpvernmerit ori

wage intreases^ Small Inde-pendent merchants have feltdiscwmmated against since theregime introduced aJ turnovertax' on business transactio^Twice ftusi month'stoall ^mer-chants staged nationwide'Stakes. , f i - '

On the-pjane of presidentialpolitics, the first "Gommit e.for the; ^Election ofr Georges

ou" was fornied ,in St->fazaire, Brittany, ,-this.jaornjdgeyen before President^ Gaullehad announced his resignation

mil' iu'where.the outcome would have

' been favorable1 to the Goverfiment, since the Gaullistsan overwhelming majority.o

In a last appeal Fridaynight, the 78-year-old generalasked his countrymen '•'-'- "'"show of confidence" "permit him to ,term, which ~~'~ 'in 1972.

"If I amfey aiinajbrithe: voters, 1ere'ise my:

Before herumors thatdefeat andv:dLbefore the. vote!)step down, T"'been his last ctary grand ei^it«' ..,.. .

Given his personality,'caT analysts consider; it; ,ceiyable that, • having resJgiiedihe may return once more^as acandidate for the presidency. '-.

The Premier pledged 'that-his!

Government would continue."do its duty during "

predicted

WASHINGTON POST, Tuesday, 29 April

Joseph Kraft* . '. r

Fall of President de GaulleIs No Tragedy for France

OSTAPOLEON, asked at thezenith of his power what thereaction would be when hefell, replied: "They'll say'Oof.'" And "oof" seemsabout the right reaction tothe 'fall of General deGaulle.

It is an event filled withthe stuff, of normality—notof tragedy. It marks- a re-turn to routine and regular-ity. It closes a parenthesis,to use one of the General'sfavorite metaphors, on highdrama.

Trance now resumes anewthe dreary search for aFrench mode of self-govern-ment. Western Europe picksup again the labor of achiev-ing more cohesion. And, inthe-United States, the NixonAdministration loses one\

, more of the divertissementsthat has tended to keep itfrom addressing its truly se-rious business.

Providing the first nerv-ousness over the franc can

.be got. over, the outlook forFrance is not- at all bad:General de Gaulle had'ruledby a tactic of moral terror-;;

ismi "Me or chaos" was the 'choice he regularly offeredthe French people in elec-tions,and referenda.

When the peril was su-preme, ":they accepted theGeneral ; overwhelmingly.Thus in 1958, with the colo-; :nels' from Algeria threaten-ing a military takeover ofFrance, the General won 79per cent of the vote in a na-tional referendum. .

elections last year. A ma-chine, a political machine,has been created to do whatin the past could only, bedone by The Man. Arid themaker and manager of -thatmachine, former PremierG e o r g e s Pompidou,, nowcomes forward as the lead-ing candidate to succeed deGaulle as President in ttie:

election next month.No doubt the vicious, and

chaotic in-fighting charac-teristic of French politicswill assert itself in;time. Butfor the immediate future,there is a right-center ma-jority in France—particu-larly if M. Pompidou canstrike an alliance with for-mer Finance Minister ValeyGiscard' d'Estaing. Arid for'the long run, as the Coirimu-nist part becomes more and

'more domesticated, there iseven the possibility of, a re-:

gime built around:the-alter-nation of a few—and maybeeven two—maj or parties.

With respect to Europeancohesion, the departure of,de Gaulle is an evidentpick-up. Good Europeans allover the Continetnt—forcedinto hiding by the General'sattitude—will now; take anew lease on life. In Francethe trend towards a politicsof interest, and away from apolitics of personality, willinevitably yield a morefriendly attitude/toward theother western nations. /

THE FIRST efforts atmore cohesion are apt to besmall. Grandiose plans .forfederation are not going tosurface for a long time—ifever. But a joint effort tohelp France over, the pres-ent financial troubles seeihs_i_._l! ,/i?.T_'_-I^_ ._-.*-_ »..i_-_ i* .1 :-__'ji__.

JO;

diversion^ W i.t h his de-parture, the President willhave that must less rea-son for riot Coring in on theness that: conforts him —peace in Vietnam and armscontrol talks 'with the SovietUnion.

People who like to havehistory in our time, will no'•doubt miss General deGaulle, and lament the re-version to the boring, oldproblems of yesterday. But,how bad would it really beif the tired lull that hasmarked the first hundreddays of the Nixon Adminis-tration were internation-alized. 'But maybe the timeis right for practical solu-tions to concrete difficulties—bread; not circuses.

PiIbUshers-

'. ". 'By Anatole Shjib.Washington Post Staff Writers

MOSCOW,. April 28—TheSoviet Union maintaineda stiff upper lip over thedeparture ,,of • 'General deGatfile, Outmost foreign ob-servers.; agree ;that it couldnot" hjive, /been more badly ,timed; f or *he Kremlin. ... .

T-here was ho official com-meiit bere; and .Soviet news:

' mecija .-confined themselvesto .Reporting 'the facts -andecKdiijg' statements: beingmade by the French Com-munist Party, and affiliatedgroups'iti Paris;

However,. Kremlin poli-cies in several areas are.exj

News Analysis ,

future; especially if next' month's.presidentiai electionshould, be won (as paris ob-servers consider likely). byGeorges Pompidou or a cen-trist, figure. . . .' Fairly rapid change inFrance's posture toward the..Middle East is ' expected•after the election. Pompi-dou and other, GauUists, aswell as the 'centrist andsocialist parties, were .criti-. •cal of de Gaulle's sharp, turnagainst Israel.iri.the. waTce ofthe June, 1967, war.

.The .change may result in ~:the renewal of iFrench arms'.,^

•aid to Israel and will speeds^'-

,'iiy affect the foup-p:owerI talks on the Wideast at thej United Nations. These talks',J. ironically, were suggeste^t1 by de Gaulle and ool^^] cepted by the KremKn. "'"'"'"'

at appeared they mightfla format for influencii)|

. United States' to. exer%?i>|ejs-sure en Israel. Frenctiifgfturn to the proJsraeJi stampthat existed in Paris between1950 and 1967 would tilt 'the•balance of the talks to the'disadvantage of the" SovietUnion and its Arab clients.

Tie timing, of the electionwill also " indirectly ' affect.S.p.yiet behjayjo^;.;in. :Cjaecho-,-^slcfyafcia. an"4'§l>i£ins. 0^0e:'

ed for- «,. I - v..,ir .-.-r!r<?:. •'".".:. yyiwuu-iplst ;I;'i>§ ies.. and:;. a • summit.conference recently.rescJied-uled-fpr. June 5, The election

. will ispotiight the French' Communist Party at" a timewhen it is delicately poisedBetween the pro - Moscowcamp and such independent

.parties as the Italian' and'Finnish, which have beencritical of Soviet conduct inPrague.

Should the French Partybe compelled^ by electoralconsiderations to display amore independent stance,agreement>...p:m,;any t h j n «•megaia^fUSatllfiii, June''

So'vlBt con-fessions.';TIie. Italianscalled openly for ithe resto-ratiota of full. Czechoslovaksovereignty. •Czechoslovak sovereignty.

The election of Pompidouor almost any non-Commu-nist candidate requiring thevotes of the "European"moderate center may also beexpected -to produce greaterFrench receptiveness towardinternational monetary co-operation, British entry intothe1 Common 'Market andother "issues Involving' thecohesion of the Westerncommunity. On each of theseissues, the Kremlin has' re-garded General de.-. Gaulle

s® as 'Tjn

.. --, - .—W-T--M *—:'rvsjiiit*1y*ij"i1 rM*«*u^iy*

and other Western, capitals..; With the prospect even be-fore de Gaulle's defeat thatFrance would play a morenormal and cooperative rolein the West, the Kremlinwould seem to be emergingfrom its ten-year courtshipof the general with few realgains beyond some commeri-cial credits and cultural amajor political deal duringde Gaulle's June 1966, visitto the Soviet Union.

On that o c c a s i o n , theKremlin chiefs insisted onrecognition of their EastGerman regime as an arti-ficial product of Soviet oc-i.'

. • •. The Soviet amd FrenchCommunist leaders; are also .opem to criticism Jwrn theChinese and ' otiher ultra-leftist Communists becameof their refusal to exploitlast May's student riots andi'general strikes in France to ,•;a serious bid , for power. •;,Most disinterested observers ?believe suoli a bid would",have been crushed by the\French . Army arnd tlhe coar.-sservative maa'ority .of 'the Vpopulation, but that win not .',prevent proiPeking and New ','Left groups from . accusing-both Waldeck Roclhet, bead~'of .the French Communist •?*Party, amd Mps.eo.w,..-pf«

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, Tuesday, 29 April 1969

A -m

concerns Arabs

Israel jubilant over de GaulleBy a staff correspondent of

The Christian Science Monitor

Beirut, LebanonConsternation in the 15 Arab countries and

jubilation in Israel marked the news ofPresident de Gaulle's resignation.

Diplomats here were concerned that theveteran French leader's disappearance fromthe world political arena would seriouslyweaken the four-power talks on the MiddleEast in New York.

Holding the talks was a de Gaulle ideaand a French initiative. General de Gaullehad morally and materially backed the Arabside since the June, 1967, war in whichhe considered Israel to be the aggressor.

But in the councils of the Big Four hehad wanted France to play a medial rolebetween what appeared to be complete So-viet support to the Arabs and unqualifiedUnited States back-ing; for Israel.-

A weak or hesitant-French successor gov-ernment might abandon this, strong inter-mediate role, diplomats here feel.

In Cairo, t|nited Arab Republic ForeignMinister Mahmoud Riyad said his countryand the Arabs 'in general "regret infinitelyand profoundly" General de Gaulle's with-drawal.

Lebanon, amidst it's own political crisisover whether or'not to support Arab Pales-tinian guerrillas, was especially concerned.

French embargo on armsFrench governments and especially Gen-

eral de Gaulle have kept a friendly and pro-tective eye on this former French depen-dency, where French culture is ascendantamong educated people.

After ^Israel's Dec. 28 attack on BeirutAirport, General de Gaulle imposed a' totalembargo on French arms shipments toIsrael. And offered what amounted to.'firrA.,|se1cur,ity,f.,gji<araiTtees against future-Israeli

Publisher-Editor Ghassan Tueni of Bei-rut's influential independent daily news-paper, Al Nahar, said those Frenchmen whoare happy over General de Gaulle's defeat"should understand that we in Lebanon'andthe Arab world look at de Gaulle's loss asour-own."

The conservative paper, Al Jarida, de-scribed the general's resignation as "a pain-

. iul Arab-defeat."Israeli broadcasts and newspaper com-

ment purred with what the Tel Aviv socialistpaper, Davar, called "satisfaction." OtherIsraeli commentaries accused General deGaulle of "continuous anti-Israel and anti-Semitic positions."

Advocate of talksFrance formally proposed the present

four-power talks on the Middle East last'No-vember after President de Gaulle had advo-cated such meetings for many years. It.sought four-power talks as a way' to demon-strate to both Arabs and Israelis that therecould be other Middle East solutions thanthose put forward by either Washington orMoscow.

Since the start of this year, de 'Gaullespokesmen say, French policy was aimedmainly at avoiding further United States-

Soviet polarization in the Middle East.French experts in the Quai d'Orsay

were ordered to study possible solutions tothe Palestine question. The new emerging deGaulle position has been that since Pales-tinian Arab nationalism is at the heart ofthe conflict, November, 1967, United Na-tions Security Council resolution has be-come inapplicable because ,it. .does, not deal,with this except as a' question'"'of- "refu-1

gees." " • ' • - . - • v ' • • : 'French efforts, therefore, were aimed at

drawing new and secure frontiers in the for-mer Palestine area, now controlled entirelyby Israel.

The French view has been that theseshould include both Israel as a Jewish na-tional entity and an Arab Palestinianentity as in old projects drawn up in 1936 and1945 in the time of the British mandate inPalestine.

The result would be not far from thepresent demands of the Palestinian Arabs:a multisectarian, bicultural new state in theMiddle East.

Here, Arabs of both Moslem and Christianfaiths could live in peace and security withJews. Some Gaullist publicists have pointedto the parallel between this and Lebanon'smultisectarian system '-fand'-'hayeMiaHecfci-jithe ' 'Lebanonization".-. of. .Palestine.. •: : '• '(r$i?

GtijMYORK TIMES, Tuesday,

29 April 1969

''GLORIA' EMERSOi *~.?"/". Sjedal bo Th«J?ew YorJtTlmes-;, 'PARIS, .April 28-^He was•jqo'-v-.-:bl3;.-"ihe .-squandered,French money von Arab and;African countries, he "made;,a good leg of lamb for Sun- :.day'cost too'much, he.: lost -

' the "initiative, he took- toomuch initiative, . he ,chasedaway the rich American tour-ists, , 'he was.: deaf to :.the

'•• grumbles of' students ;-and ofworkers; and his dreams forFrance had begun'to bore the ,

•French:. . . . - . • . • - •' • ' • • - . - : ' - : .-:'• Parisians 'talked endlesslytoday ,'of the defeat ofCharles de Gaulle, and whythey :had brought it about,•their /reasons ranged':from:the leg of .lamb to the' con-viction, of the'working;class,that the general did not careabout them. People talkedcautiously, quietly .a'nd.oalm-:lyV Some 'showed fear, others '

•relief. ' • ' • • . . '' Artists and Students ,

But:only in 'the Latin Quar-ter—the ' .district.. of ,Paris.where ..artists;, "npneonlorrn-,ists,- Sorbbnne students and '-./strollers . flri ' 'the .Boulevard/St-Michel' have/..always',,ere- ',.:,'ated'.;'a: Different' .France. ; of '.|their;,Qw'h—was. there, elation .and. open 'triumph. . . . , i'.1/

..- -/At'the Sqrbpnrie, studentsspoke.of last May, when they

'" built, barricades in the.streets.and. fought the .:police. .The

;.students : took credit for ig-niting a-countrywide wave ofdiscontent, strikes and chaos .

/that: had doomed the enemyde Gaulle.

' ,':"Everything begins now,"a/ .brown-hair.ed girl said,handing . put: mimeographedhandbills". "To fight the bour-geoisie, become a Commu-nist,", the handbill said. Her

pale, thin. face 'gleajnihg-'with j.a'sense of importance, she- ,gave a 20-minute speech totwo listeners ' on the . new -.Communism^ that she.-saidFrance needed..' •" : :-" •

In the I'Ecritoire Cafe,, nearthe Sorboniie,, ypungv couplessqueezed :•;; together < on..'- thebrown- ,plastic:v ..banquettes •sharing1 Hhe'newspaper LeMonde.- For some of 'them,General de Gaulle is-alreadya very ancient figure.

"He "was anti-social; hisawareness was stunted," Mi-chele Lucas, age 20, said,flipping-her waisWong blondhair. x

: The middle-aged who work /and-,live in'the Latin Quarter /did not grumble about/ anybetrayal of their ideals. They ,spoke of• centimes, of francs*of rising, costs and taxes. ~

- "More- than 10,'years in 'power/arid France is in bad 'shape,": the '.•well-led barmanat/the 'Cafe La Fourchettesaid.: ?.':We/ have nothing -to;thank him for." :. ' ' • ;: -'I..

'-• But, "like many: others in.•the neighborhood,;'-ii&' could.;-i'thi'nk of no orie- man/ nor of

. one. political party, that he-prefeWed<: It doies. not trouble •him either... / : - . . ; •"•-• ::,: : / .••

Little, Regret in RouenBy PAUL HOFMANN

Special to The New York Times.

ROUEN,1 France,. April 28..,—Etienne Gervais,' a. 21 -year-

old engineering > student, :stabbed a /finger 'at a patina-.

. green . Napoleon '/on .'a.. rear-ing horse in the middle of'Place du;i General, de Gaulle,/."the? hub of this port city on

..the Seine River. • • ' . / . •'-'Fortunately,.. like Napole-

on, de Gaulle how belongsto history,"'he said.

"Or, like The Maid," a girl*

/with a blond ponytail cut'in; giggling.1

: "The Maid". is Joan of Arc,who was burned at the stakein the nearby Place duVieux-Marche' in 1431. Linking Gen-

/eral'de Gaulle to. the nation-!'-.al herbin'e and patron saintis a local joke; because he.is credited'.with a mysticalsense of: mission like hers.

"De;Gaulle shouldn't havetampered, with .his own Con-stitution," a long-haired art

- student said. "One simply hasbecome tired of his caprices."

A Remote Figure Already... These and similar remarkstoday . .seemed to indicate.that young people.in Rouenalready regarded the formerPresident as a remote figure./. Nor : could much .regret forthe end of the'de Gaulle erabe- detected among half adozen middle-aged residentswho were interviewed in.thiscitadel of centrism, the mid-dle-qlass opposition to the.f6f.mer'President.','.'

These older voters dis-;cussed, .the • possible . candi-idates to/succeed the general.'Ro;uen has a potential candi-,date - in:-, its' :Mayor,. Jean

.. Leeanuet. Once '.labeled the/"French 'Kennedy" :/for- hisyouthful good ippks - andmPderately. progressive views,

;'..Mr. .Xecanuet unsuccessfullyran against General de.Gaullein the 1965 presidential elec-tion. ' . " . / ; : ' : • .. T h e '49-year-old Mayor,who is also a senator, vigor-ously campaigned for a "non"

•vo t e in the referendum yes-terday.

• Mr. Leeanuet has not com-mitted himself publicly, buthis entourage clearly expectshim to play a major role in

• efforts to set up a middle-of--the-road post-Gaullist regime.

It Colbmbey", a ft^c>on Is Still on GuardBy LLOYD GARRISONSpecial to The Hew York Times

COLOMBEY - LES - DEUX -EGLISES,-France, April 28—Thebells of the churclr clock tollednoon today,.the hour Presidentde Gaulle's resignation took ef-fect, and a" platoon of blue-jacketed gendarmes marched

: away from the de Gaulle estate,a. country retreat that has .-beenthe family home for'more than30 years.

Television cameramen' filmedthe guards' exit as a-;synib6l,of General de .Gaulle's/'transla-tion from. President'to privatecitizen.'. • ; ; • / -.. "- .. '

-. But, seconds later -'anotherplatoon., marched up :the hill

ik/itsvplace'along therjbtjncfi'rig the 18-room

se;-//pne/^man every 100

this sleepy: farm town of 380people today 'of • any changein the -general's official status.

• Down the hill hisv helicopterstood ready on •' the; ramp be-hind the huts that -house -thegendarmerie detachment..- '

General deGaulle .-remained ~.ebehind, the .wall:;J throughout ofthe day and-received only twovisitors • pfV-note;- His J aide-de-camp: atrived' • in a /black Cit-roen," abpiit 10':'3'0 ''A.M. with•lean .• Sicurani, secretary tojaeques Chaban-Delmas, presi-dent of the National Assembly.•' ''I've got a letter 'or thegeneral from Mr. Chaban-Del-mas," said Mr. -Sicuranras thecar -.'paused -for -.the:, gates toswirig open:-But he never hada- chance: to 'deliver it" him-

.There was no other hint in

self, After^a- wqr.d^.;with--theaide-de-ra^^gjvte;jpi;||i^a

.swept

Mr. Sicurani- was left standingoutside the --gate in the rainvisibly humiliated. He left forP;.a_ris 'in the same Citroen sixminutes later;-'

.Mrs-, de- Gaulle's brother-,Jacques. -Vendroux; • who re-signed today from presidencyof the -National Assembly's-For-eign Affairs Commission, paida visit shortly before- noon;,followed by the family

th gardener, who carried a pailOf leeks. "It's for soup for sup-per," he said. : :

At the parish house, the Rev.Eugene Dronot, a plump, bald-ing man -with rimless glassesand a broad, infectious smile,was-asked .how he thought thegeneral would . -now occupyhimself. "Oh^he ..replied^ with {.

self-assur^f|\ smilei/\ 7 "he'll |write the fd^th, tp'me- of His!memoirs. Heifeprbbaijly-hard atli t right now!";'At ''•- • ' • • • • • ' - ' ' I

YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 29 April 19 9

, Fra^^iim;/^uick Devaluing Doubted

By CLYDE H. FARNSWORTHSpecial to The New York Time$

PARIS, Apriland monetary

28—Politicaluncertainties

toucHed off by the resignationof President de Gaulle broughtrenewed currency agitation to-day and a strong demand for;gpkl:: Most observers doubtedthat; there' wpuld be an imme-diate devaluation. • ' • ' • • ' • • ; • • • ' . . .

'The..pricer of 'gold rose. to. arecord, :the ' equivalent ,of$49.09,, or 40 per cent morethan" the. official' price . of. $35an ounce.' Gold coins were- sell-ing in some cases at more thantwite'th'e yalue of .their goldcontent. "Gold -closed at $49.06an' ounce, up-.94 cents. ''-

• In :;a. pattern- reminiscent.'pithe.monetary crisis last Novem-ber, i the FrencH franc and the;British pound 'weakened while'the-.:. WesB4:!- German;.;markstrengthened. w as ioo ^

Frankfurt bankers;-. es,tim.3te4!marjcetc-, by

that $200 million poured intothe country At the end of theday, the West German centralbank announced technical |measures,- including a 100 perjcent reserve requirement onj:oreign funds., to -try to dis-courage the flow.' ;....

..During.:the day> 'the 'mark,worth 25- American cents, roseto :Jts highest permissible, rateagainst the. dollar, while thefranc,::worth 20 cents, retreatedto within a shade of its- floor.

Under: the international mon-etary •'. system v establishedquarter century ago at a con-ference, in Brettoa Woods, N:H.,currencies, fluctuate .' within.fixed' rates.-; arid; yQpvernrnent'central'.banks' buy "or sell dol-lars to maintain <;these,/rat-es. ifa country's ecoriorny?J|H:showji

cessiveshotvn to rlei;n.pt;. competitiveenough by .rec^ir^ng' trading:deficits, the authorities may de-cide to change the relationshipof the currency to the doffi

The prevailing .view wasthe i franc ,^as--not m,irnm6di:ate danger!' of devaluation.Alain Pohef, the Interim FrenchPresident, is unlikely to:! taltSany drastic monetary .action;,'financial experts feel, 'and the,French reserves and borrow-ing facilities are big enough to,withstand any neW speculative

• assault. " .••'. '-•' ••' '• ••• • '•••'"'BThe big question

will happen when anernment takes over. arid •nasj/utface tWe problem of tradingfdef'icits, new i wage increases-.'Jaitcsteady losses of gold .reserves'

There is the.;-;-belief•France, may then be"devalue, while West;may be forced to revalue(itscurrency upward.. : ;-;iS-;.7"V

This was the issue last-jNi)

funds •'•available to Britain-;though perhaps with even more§.tEi*tgis attached," .,t>n Karl Blessing, presidentof the West ^-German, central

' ' y ' ihat-Francewpujd- not have rtd devalue pro-

d-:' Ofae fpuld. .prevent thewage

.fpr sec'urLtie's on the -B.ourse today- issjiriwisd thfe*-.lack pf con-M e ' r i ' ' . • ' • • ' • • • . = '''..'';

may prove to; be diffi-French-

hasthe lasi

Sgepirig abroad.^

. ^ .,. . , . .ptic; \activity in thfy Pans

and thev.demand

ing . ''costsm j: -scalj^ dowh^th6'wag'e^prbppsalsi; Thesje^re-runnirig-,this;. year'three'times ovewhat4he':de.'Ga«ile Goyernmea-said ;ifc w;as -prepared; to1 offer

.Dr^Blessing, who.'spoke f

eavily involved in export]rade, which would be hurt byevaluation, were sold. j

A higher value for a cur-ency leads to higher exportrices or reduced exportprofit-bility. A devaluation meansPwer export prices or in-reased profitability.

So heavy was the flow ofunds into West Germany today:hat the central bank reducedts buying rate for. dollars onour occasions. The rate is now3.9825 marks to the dollar. Thefloor for the dollar is 3.97marks to the dollar.

The Bank of France reducedthe rate at which it sells dol-ars in support of the franc tothe lowest permissible level of4.9740. The franc 'closed at4 9725

'The'pound fell sharply inearly trading but recoveredsome of its losses to close at2.3889, a drop of 12 points.

CAUTIOUS REACTIONVOICED IN

i;,i . . opjyjnc; . ij.ipog mini] v • sHuijds ui[i?([ . xiuooi;^ . i![[of 117 . ojjy ojty •

MEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 29 April 1969

LONBON, .-April -28—Britainand' Italy formally pledged to-day to work together forgreater European unity.' 'Their. declaratipn came. durr

ing;1 a state visit here by theItalian President, .GiuseppeSaragat. But/the coincidence oftiming made ft.'an-implicit ex-pression "of .'Britain's attitude-inthe. wake of. President deGaulle's, resignation today. .,

In Boan.r.the1 general's, deci-sion was met .with a mixtureof relief, arid apprehensiontheiou'tlook for Europe. Sources.in .the. North Atlantic Treaty

Instead, everyone will try tomaintain';a dignified affirmativeattitudEfAwithout reference toFranG.e.'s?interha} situation; theBritisS.^pmmitment to .'memfa'er-ship hi-'tne: 'European EconbjriicCommunity . a.nd to -ijnity' .-inWestern'.'-Europe generally; willbe reaffirmed at every Oppor-tunity. . . . .

No one believes that Britaincan now bounce into thejinar-ket, or really think of 'winningacceptance: from any FrenchGovernment for years'.: But -.atleast *the'automatic implacable"No'ijS gone and there may bea -cha'rice Xor reason and 'diplo.

rGeneral de Gaulle's likely

eelar|,tion said.,,'enlargementalter its, (r&ture 'but

fulfillment.';1'. Besides.-• ' •pr'aliic'e and Italy, the, %embefs,

re 'Belgium,- the Netherlands,Luxembourg and West Ger-many. • . '„'• , '

France. . 'again . boycotted ' 'to-.. . .:ay another rputine m^etini of

the Westerri^'Europearj: Union,which includes BritainEand (the,

New Era Foreseen iniRomeSpecial to The New YwiK 3toM1

ROME, April 28—Presidentle Gaulle's...defeat was seenlere as, the beginning oJ a:-;-newera for;.France "and Europeanunity, .but..there- were f soApreS-dictions.of stormy dayS ahead.

The general feeling was aptly

Organization said • thatmost likely result would be ex-

advocate of a British role onthe Continent.. But,.the', belief Siacomo Brodolini,

pansion of French military -co- is that he -would be' unable-.tooperation with alliancei forces ignore-, the views of his allies

m so, 'Olympian, a manner' asthefgeheral.. ' - .

'.' TaJlSs Start At NoonPresjiiient'Saragat arrived at

in Europe and the Mediterra-nean.

• British officials took the ut-most care to avoid any appear-ance of exultation at the fall wi{h --grime;-Minister Wilson at„* ««, „„-,, ,<,!,„ ho* fcs>vaDw«*jrf,''*of the man

which /President

10 ; Street for talks

hour atGaulle's

resignation -became effective.'-''"^w^l'-an^ address i'to.. the

luses of Parliament, MrSaragat - said'ithat, Italy .hopedfpr "full participation by yourcountry i.in the \establisbnierrtof the new'Europe." V- ' '• '• ' ' •

The Italian Foreign MinisterPietro . Nehni, and Britain'*Foreign . Secretary,,. MichaeStewart, signed.. • whaV MrStewart said was '.lan. impor-tant joint declaration of pol-icy."' .- ' ' - . •."• ••• - . '•>. • • ' .

It Said the .two-, countries"believe, ^he, .eornmftn interestsof the Continent, its securityand its prosperity, demand iinirm " TheTT n\etftrr^A rf-rt •' lfTT7nrt

fo*" this' aim together;o|her European : .gbyerlh'ments1 share therr -itjeals.'' v •

declaration -dealt .witlthe 'French-argument, -thati'.erilargetne'n.t •_ of' trje Commonfflarket~rnuch"lieybnd its pres-ent membership of six woule1

Kha'ngei.; its«<-'character. Thi

"Under i. .,.,tried, to ho!4 is:|n--tu;i ,^ .aid. "Perhaps;;now 'they,ct more in. concert v?ith theest of Europe and pursue a

policy tiiat corresppnds rnorfe. toSeif -possibiljties, for instance

expenditures.'""}"".In Government circles 'the be-

ief is strong-that.'WestfGfer-alJi^ie'srvi

,ause of Britain's mo ' to usehe union for political-; dlscus-nons.

roubles_, _either • bv^ -extending forf »widg open'-" f6r her even-tual return, one representativesaid.

arge financial credits or by rfe-valuing the deutschmark, orboth, to'bolster the .franc. .- ' ^ mm ^^^ ... , ,

At the regular Monday after- -for- ^ny FrefictT ;Go.Y«hment toSw_?^i,°™«^f-ii!r^;^: return1 easily tthmilitary' coop;

VKnisterby -the

of Labor,ialist

Senatorsaid:

'I don't see much VSaullismwithout-.de,. Gaulle." ff -.

The 'Government's jattitudewas-- reflected unofficially ina staternettt: by Deputy F.laminioPiccoli, secretary of the;SCh:ris't-an Democratic party, vjtho said

the genetal's retiremeji^ ^woulcresult in ."incalculable politicaldevelopments." .-!V

'He said that the;'defeatshowed again the "inigossibil-ty • .-pf -• confronting political

problems in the eiwnentaryferms. of power or .personalprestige." '•%. ., .~ "One-thing appears'scer-tain,'he1 said." "The. defeat. $d resig:nation of de Gaullfe open a newpegQd,- in all probability :veryxqubled -for France ;ind-.Eu- " ' • • • • ' . - •Relief Expressed i| Bonn- .-By DAVIP;BINpjp:R;

" ' ' :

BQNNs April .2.8— yest; iGermany, .whose :destiny;|s- cjps|l:

ion." They pledge'd tP' "work tied to'that of jFrancS reactei•GXil 4-t,J«" nJvn ' •* Ann-l-U nt^f . ..i-tlt >4-X,. • 4-Tirl. • -Frill f\f Uvi&r-f^aTi^ A-. President detion.

official.-~,remi-, .._ —,,was u})''afi<| there was npthinimore to;expect from him. Agreat man can be a great burden, also for his neighbors."

sai'd thatSould - .readily wel-

come back as,ja>jniljtary mem-ber of-NATO, fjfenerakde, Gaulleended WencK'Siritary Cooper-ation nf iS6Sr|ut rance cpn-

jy. cutting, ^owii... their military tinned as a .pofflic'al .member.' " 1 ' ' • • ' ' 'Jfha arj^geroente'' njade by

the North Atlantic.Council, the:

pot the bill for

'• group,--•JOwjienifiratiee wittidSsV from

France's military Cooperati_qn, .left "

srstant' spokesman" for the: Gov-ernment, Conrad Ahlers, ex-pressed Bonn's'"thanks tp.deJaulle for all.he has done for

German-French friendship' . inpast years." ' ' . • ' • • ' •

Foreign Minister Willy Brandtssued a statement shortly afternoon saying: , .

."Our hope is that our.Frenchleighbors will find a good ,splu-iion.to their internal problems\t the same time we hope thatJie corning .period will maket possible . to achieve new)rogress in. ..European policy3erman-French cooperation re-u.ains, therefore, an indispensa-3le-element. ,. "General de Gaulle wrote hi;

name in the book of historymore than once and those whosometimes had different •viewsthan he will maintain..their re-1

:g,--he added,It will bp

jration' without •• 'Seating *crow;''At and

Supreme •< Headjiuartei|'s,; AlliedBowers Europe^, ' are = rnpre - in-terested. in • an; ,earjy, , ex-tensionof niilita'ry cobperijip'ri: yhetheror hot the 'Ffehcfi'1 Governmenttakes .

The. two ..French 'I''

. . ..about 30,00(P''rn&V riow sta-tioned1 in' West;:Gerrhany wouldbe. "welcomed" ?tp"-jpin. NATOmaneuver's^ -i '-military, spurce'id. •!-,*!'?• :- .s'aid.

The alliaric&'s :ab.ility to counton 'the use:

;of 'the' ti^p divisionsin a .crisis' Wquld''.^'^'^weightto any; response fo .-& -jjvreat ofSoviet aggre'ssioft in centralEurope. ' ' r ~ ' .';"..-..',:'.'-

Similarly, allied;'cp'jnmandershope for . more'.- extensive andopen French,-cc;Qp.e.ration in ar-

spectforhimas a sTatesman'of- rangementsifgr: the:..air and seap.. . . 'I T.V . J_j;___l .'_i-'il-i -itlir-if'j. .historiti rank.'

' Military Role ForeseenBy DREW MIDDLETON

Special to The 'ew Ynr

defense, 'of .;, Recent .CrejflflreenienJ^ of theJoviet fleet; .tHere""h^j5r. under-lined ther. mpjaptancfi- 'of whatwas tefr^fei^'i'cflfriprehensivenaval. andf,,ajrivje1ff.e)ff;'.',':by all'ouc alii^ftc£',.ra^ber.5,, border-

on ."ation.with North Atlantic alii-ance. •forces is CeAtral Europe;and the Mfediterran'eaji was seenby NATO- sources today as.' .the

'. .

most lifcely strategic 'result ofPresident 'de G.ajille's :resipna-

. Covert cooperation amongground and sea iForces'.of thealliance and France : has de-veloped in. the. last 18 months.Uritil 'now, fear1 or"."the,., general'sdispleasure •has-inhibited.-F.rehchcommanders

Turkey '' '•'•

and

MEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 29 April 1969

Bring-

PARIS

Foreign Pphcy

28 —r.cSharle.sras 'one'editorialist todayj: ;:G'ai}ile,.;tw;ho ,wrpt£f abp'ut it, transformed) French:-!,£r,aiic"es!}keX£;ipyer of .iiis-bride poIicylMH'a'd he-riot been,,'a'iids,-'a>ri3pnk of his:imadonna, Elyspe-Palace, the. Frenchfifsskijf'h'aS'Je'ftj'tr^ scene and-, remains tion fypuld'have been diff|']>enfasilent .fo/h'is .little village. - and: 'the. -world , therefore^'lb'l

'•Frericferjien today seemed su'r- some extent, .would have been:?p;rised.;and?ia.''little awed by the different too. -• ~*M{+«/ii«¥.'.nf;;. the. 'collective. But even though the outgoing

• ' President's foreign policy was aPneVm'an show,, it was, endorsedin its-substance and basic aims,though often not in its'stylfland', method, by a.majority-pFrenchmen. ' . ' . . - . ' .

iThe Left, which . for year:had been Ithe- only serious oppb.sitibn'in'the country, emphati-cally approved- the ' general')piicy ,pri NATO, East-West '«natipris, the United States and

i magnitude? —- .-Seed* tbey;'$Pmmitted -yesterday;'*'t(5-; !i'\" -'-m; dismissing him.• • ' • - • - - • • , - • "--vv-Many: '.teday. Jf-

. Wewj' . .fleeted Mithe: "in-1

Arfsrtis" '.gratitude;»»of. 'theAW*™-.' -nation" -%d''.the*A ,,,!.'?!-, •''tragedy". ;pf, •-the

y.;:.pl.fclie.ro,,' 'But; V,y,pungKV4-...-^,.—„.IlifSy^tferCbllagi'-^Fprker-' sa^fge!J-'dis' almfafaSy feeling :of|gui]f/i'lhajice^etenes of th'e;.:fw,6r_..IwA'pfiltlR^yith-. irreplae'eaole^teii^H^aMA^K';•-,-' -,'-'•" .'.'•"-.-tj^rv^ieEfe.^i:,e^.-'certauT to be-fun^ . . . . . . . .^ante)itaSthanges,'.ip ..French-\\ fiyen-.those who quarreled'{6^ei|n.wi||||iy;:i-;aSa; :-.result ipf wyji;...him on foreign affairsg6^e^--'^e^Gaulle's .downfall5, -cpjticize'd not the substance of

Jstyle Was' Criticized. ^

^fei'-Sa^tes-v-'djiwnfBlfel-^ai^jia".^Mee.Ssori-is.-lf^BlyftoJ^^iSpJi^y. but the abruptness|^JOTMelf.^fQr:\'^igfe|.i3j:^.-.''!4Ki^.n^_to^«^w-Jli.W®;p'filiig«-i)f-ri5asp4?ad:-|.ti^ji'fftfeiit he,-'gayei"',tci:-fp.rrriei'S;fcfi fi

" " ""e'stjXchievem'e.nti-it'sS-'e^-'lhTs'T

vjp^ffij^tyljFfiaice's'..partisan- i Fpri . '-policy,.'at any. rate,.-jd 410 role in -his down--!

f ail.; *xqgpt that his stand, on•Israe]--ito'st ,'him a .considerable.•b;ut certainly 'not 'decisive num-ber ,pf votes.• Ironically, the' • conservatives

mat-.- me;, jprupreiii ui - DI-IUSH of the'>Tniddte- and the right who•entry; fiiB the Common Market had been disturbedt about thewill.he. discussed seriously at deterioration of relations Qfrlast . ' . ' , . ' . . ' 'i. - tween -the United °*-*°°I1T"t

realignment -ot .currencies,: and-ic'IST'-iiij-.u-^iiii^^K, ^t ,'B j««.i.o f -

1 It.'is *c:lear that"some of 'the tion Md'PresideritNixon's..bDW.||:. itiosj 'jmpprtant. events 'in Ea-in his direction. These.'&anref• rope- during the last 10 .years groups, however, turniwould- :not have' happened, or him in the referendumwould • have happened differ- The most obvious _.ently;-if the .general-had not policy area where things willbeen President' of France. change is the Middle East.'The" "the Atlantic Alliaricer.fo'r one, consensus, in.Paris today is thatwould -'be ' 'different;' France the Israelis have reason to re-...«-..U V*:ll" l^n « 'w'aw^krtw^nf t\,n ~!~: «—^ l-Tla> f>ln ArflhS QSVe,.„,„ and that the Arabs have

lost, their most effective friendin the.West. . . - .

-Even Premier Georges Pompi-dou, who of all the possible

, /contenders is the one whoor .yroul'd'Have had'the power would., be under the greatestto bringHt about BSfl.he wish'ed.|pressure to maintain^a^semb--to•db1'so'.'' • • - , i j • • ^ 4—

. would still' be a rriember;~iintegrated 'allied military orga:

nization: Jfis sale to say^tha't1

nd;"other French-leader wouldhaVe' thought, of ''askihg for thewithdrawal'of American forces'

" No • .o'ther'1-Frenchman wouldh'aye te'esn'-'welcomed to Mos-•-cow- in "such .friumph as de- ; ' ' ' : '-Gaulle'Was--in 'I966:. 'talk of'"d«ente" b'etween East'' and ........

esult might not hayelwould notas it is,

lance ''.of. continuity of Gaullistpolicies, . is .expected to retreatfrom1 the general's —partisanposition.,,

Similarly, there are strongS™6-

,.or the -strj

of devaluatidriWestern longer:

Washington,''Gaulle'.'....*;-.,,—.-,,,„-, ^., , . .•.iwuaj7- i. --, tvi '••"." .:and-.especiyny''jr"he'had won

''No^Fr^ridtfleader »,ojildjhaye.the--.r,efer.endijim. ,with 'only 'a•f/>™»,,intoa:;his\ vetoipE British narrow marsui,,the franc-.would

n il.'l-(v-._-_^l.'" V1 " ~ . .I"'-.- .-• - ••_ _^7l^ - - . _ J ™ L n4.«nv.n m.n^_

Whoever the new Presidentis, he will, stress the' need -fora "modem"? - society, '-for tech-nological progress, perhapseven for the need to learp .frohithe -example of American tech-nology. Georges Pompidou,iValery Giscard \ d'Estaing, Mr.Polier, Jean Lepariuet—practi-cally all nonleftist contenders

t_ I_ _._4; «_*« 'i- *T.:J

objectiv^ truth in its boast^binmany, citizens thought. differ-ently. Many, rightly or.wrongly,felt left out.:-' '.The extent to which the 're-gime-had failed to satisfy thebread-and-butter demands of itscitizens became .dramaticallyclear in May last year. After 10

—have made statements to thiske8f « °ffl9e- the regime sufl.demy found it was despised anddefied by 10 million strikers.and.effect.

General de Gaulle,was a manof the great dramatic .moments,of history,; of. the. struggle- be-tween great powers and of po-litical-military strategy basedon permanent .geographical fac-tors.' ' • • ., .

, In domestic :affairs' hi§. atten-tion ttlb We'nt .t^;',the .great Hp-sues. His contributions werethe new Coffstitution of 1958and the electtph-of the Presi-dent .in- uniyer^al^ijff rage. ';'

The Path to His DownfallUntil' recently he-had shown

little interest in the technicaland-economic domestic issues,such as- roads; the- tax system,

wealth, • education;1, and 'agricul-tural and industrial structuresHis concept, often lepeated,was- "1'intendance suit'l—'roughly translatable as 'ithebaggage :trai.rt always follows."''sNot uiinatiirally, his downfal.'

Ibegan to. gra'p;

Europe"] pie -wit]morel Gaull ...,,.

• brought stabilityaja'a;^• to the counti-y. There \

lundreds of thousands of -stu-'

', General De Ga'ulle called thenation to order. Arid the nation,in extremis, obeyed—4ess out ofallegiance to him than out of'fear of a takeover by the Left.1

The crack in the general's armorwas never repaired, but hepressed on. :

He has always seen himself:as the lonely, giant whose fate:it is- to assure the well-being!of • his country even -if he islunappreciated by the masses. |

Less than a year ago, just-after the regime barely survived,.the student and workerjupKeav-

distributionl Pf the national! al, he spoke about this withunusual poignancy in a tele-vision interview.

He listed his .foreign policymoves from decokmializationtQjj.Uje beginning of th'e libera-''''-irt-,pf.v,ttie.iF-rench-Canadians.

»W¥J,',U- VW •»¥&. &. -if.'.pension," complaints antimes furor. That is'.fate] Somuch so tha,t one of my friends|—and I.do. have some friends-speaking about1'this tide;toldme of ,a primitive painting that)showed a. crowd'being.led to-ward hell by devils while a|poor angel'iwas pointing in Dieopposite direction.

"The people, hj the crowdhad their fists r'ajsettnot againstthe devils but against She angel.Anil my friend" said: "Thereshould be another painting nextto-this one showing; the-crowdon the point of falling into the1

^hasm, breaking ;away from thedevils and running,.tpward theangel.' That's symbolic and fig-]urative art, but p,erha]

'bnr:'Srehch_.arnis. deliveries ^'o ion-- will one day become in-Tsrae], :aria".Fraiice .almost cer- evitable .and thatj.the thing thai

U'taiply .-would.,:npt:;havi.voted-counts most is to carry it "•", fpr.ji.United.Natiohs condemna- under favorable Conditions.; tipn.bfjjsrael.:as an "aggressor.",' In most-other respects, spe

.-.;O'nly.General.:de.Gaul]e could cialists look not fon.a consciouihaveVrifJaen'^o.jimperipu'sly be-reversal of existing Gaullis1 tweejj.'',JVIonfrea].' :and Quebec.polipies but.for increased flexi-

t he bility and much greater willing-'by ness to compromise. •.

s QiiebgC' libre!" A return of France into inte-. Hash'.in-'Criticizing U.'S. grated allied command, for in-'• x ,, ^, • , j- ,, „ ,, stance, is held unthinkable, bul

Only General ds Gaulle could maliy kinds of practical aihave .denounced the Unitedrang'ements for military coo,States .-so .savagely about Viet- din|tion may wto approval.^o other, .leader would have Caution on United Europespo;ken--.so.. lyrically a66ut tfie. ,. British...-e'ntry into, the Com"perennial;.'. -universa.1 and in- mon Market is likely to be dis-" '" ' —'J --J. cussed seriously, but the.,tech-

: nical problem of bringing ft: about will remain long' beyond

foria'ba^ic-c^iSge-jn (he-ynterv th'e de ..Gaulle,;:'e'ra-. Relations'national ' financial" system and with 'West Germany, whichtermination - of the .role of the- during the last year have beendollar and the pound as reserve strained, are apt to becomecurrencies! . . • . , more relaxed,. . ; -

Alt this amounts to one thing: If a centrist .should win -thehis personal' -power,'his fierce, presidency—for instance; 'thenationalism-, his'aggressiveness, —there--is likely to be. morehis imagination and -'.panache,' interim President, Alain Poher

alterable".qualities o f gold and _ __ , _ _ . . . „no one could have put.as much' nical problem of bringing itw'e'ightiiehirid th'e French drive about will remain long'beyondi*-.--!,.,•*;„ .**„•«,<;«,,in thpiinteri fhe de -Gaulle,;:-e>a-. Relations

NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 29 April 1969

pxdhFFaTsesde Gaulle^l^y JETER GROSE

Speaafto The New York Time

WASHINGTON, April 28—President Nixon bestowed of-ficial and personal praise onCharles ;de Gaulle today, thenexpressed -his .-belief, that the"effective '"dialogue" establishedbetween .the ttvo President^could; :b.e ^maintained: .with thenext: French Government." ''"•'In a' personal letter, writtenwithin a few. hours of General.de Gaulle's resignation earlytoday;; Mr. 'Nixon told";thei''for-mer President that he, was >cer-'tkinly- 'Welcome to come to the.United' -States" '.-. as; , _ a ; privatecitizen, and be received just asMr. .. Sixon was,.Ireceived inParis when he was'out of. publicOffice; v -..'.'";., .'•';.• ; •.-::-.' C -^ . / .O : ' ' . ',.

Visit Was Sphediiled IAs. President, General de;

Gaulle had been scheduled to.1

pay a state, visit next Decem-ber .or'January. , ' : " ' " ' - ' , ' . . ' • " • ' . : j

The - French. .:Ambassador-jllCharles Lucet,- :kept a previ-'ously scheduled appointment at.the State, Department thismorning, pursuing the series of:discussions on. the Middle Eastthat Have been, conducted hereparallel to the four-power meet-ing at'the United Nations.

Diplomatic, sources: indicatedthat the interim GoVernmeht inParis would .not suspend thesetalks. Some United States offi-cials believed that the nextFrench Government -mfght relaxGeneral: de Gaulle's embargo onarms shipments to, Israel.

Mr. Nixon's:'. of ficial .'messageto General de Gaulle said:' ''• 'S .?'. . . . ,. :-:• * t-• . '. *.,>.J.^i: • * / : ' •

ofJfanoeJhaye'g^ealiy valued the frank

and comprehensive exchangesof views it has been my priv-ilege ; to have with you, both; asa. private citizen and as \ftcePresident and President of the'United States. Nor shall I for-get the courtesy of your wel-come and the wisdom of yourcounsel during my recent visitto Paris. Our talks proved 4heoccasion for a new departurein friendly cooperation betweenour two nations. •*"

"We in the United Stageswill not forget what you havedone for France, both at hqJneand abroad, and for the world,boih in war and in pe'ace.;' ""Mrs. Nixo'n joins me insending you and)1 Madame ;deGaulle our warm personal re-i

f ards and best wishes for theUture.", The1 text of the personal -let-

ter was not made .public, 'butjWhite; House Press SecretaryRonald L. Ziegler said it con-tained the invitation for a pri-vate visit to the United States.

Mr. Ziegler said:"The President feels we have

re-established an effectivedialogue with the French Gpv-ernment, and we are lookingforward to maintaining thiscommunication in what :thePresident has referred to as this'new era'' of consultation.1

"President Nixon, -I am sure,will see the new • President, ofFrance at a time ,'andplace when it is convenient^'

' • Reports from Paris point toformer Premier Georges Ppm-ipidou as the most likely $uc-jcessor to General de Gajille•after the special presidentialelection that is to take placeno sooner than 20 days or laterthan 35 days from today. ".'"•',.;

On this basis officials hereexpect a gradual softening ofthe anti-Israel sanctions thatGeneral de Gaulle imposedafter the war .in June, ,1967,and the- Israeli raid on the

^Beirut airport D,ec. 28.

NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 29 April 1969

Publi cOfficials Are'Si

Special to The New Yoi-k-Time;

special tome New York Times •• the abuse -heaped on President\; JERUSALEM,' April 28— Is-raelis expressed delight todaywith thje news that Presidentde 'Gaulle- had resigned.

• • • ' . . -The v afternoon • newspaper•MaariV; said: -"The 'World* in-.elu'ding - Israel, _has been saved.'.from.- the ^obstinacy of a stub-. -ibpjrn, - --vindictive, and vengeful

: " - " - : ' • • " • • ' •. .'.^.'Newspapers ' reported.! spoh-

,. tan'eous,, .celebrations. :in someTel ;Ayiv nightclubs : and ; la te-

. hour '..restaurants ' , . when theiiewV reached -here after.'- mid-

-. hight..!,c ;' . . ' • '"V .;. •'•[,' ' • ';'•/";. Israeli; : 'officials-" were tight-

'.. lipped,' tioweverJ .One;., press. ;:pf-' ficial Said: •;."! have beenvin-. structed : nq£ ^tb react, so :I am

not- reacting." He.:. Was smiling,hbwsver. ' • . • . '!; ,-:' ••'..•: . ; • ' ' - . - ' • •' . An o.ver'se'as . telephone ope.r-atbf;. in Tel .Aviv, .'. informed :6f

;the .'"resignation/ by ''; a Londo;n•operator putting a .call1 throughJtq' -Jerusalem, said: .'"That's thebest bit : of news I've : heard al

- d a ; " - - - - : : , •'.- ,. .;' . The.' • predbmihant view was

'ithat. !any change in Frenchleadershiri1 would, have'.' to be aninlproyement .'a's far"' as Israelwas cbhcerried except, perhaps

. if .''Fiance ; 'elected a Commurjisi. in Gene.rai . de , Gaulle's .". .place"'":'. The gejneral had become pi^blic enerri.y;; -No.. •' T in '.Israel^' exr

:'jcee'di.ng,ev.en; the Arab leadersj jasfan 'prJ|ec,t ; of sborn "since .the;li|Airatfclsraeli: .war, of June, 1^67' ':j'-:": :^Tpt: "eyercthe Soviet " leaderi ; ishipi .'. regarded .by . the Israelis[as;: haying be'eri responsible, for

j; jisetting '. in ''motion the eventsi,) that ..led. to the war, suffered

de'. Gaulle by Israelis.'The basis'for this, bitterness

was found in President deiaulle's switch from his roleas one .of Israel's closest alliesand her major supplier of arms,to. that of an implacable foeand: a supporter of tlie Arabs!

Regarded as BetrayalIsraelis- "regarded "this as a

cynical betrayal of a friend byan aging leader who was seek-ing to curry' Moscow's favorin the" struggle. against theUnited States.. • ' • ' . ..The turning.point came with

the 1967 war,/ when Israel dis-regarded General de Gaulle'swarning not.:'.td fire the firstshot. He imposed an arms em-bargo as :pumshment.

Fifty -Mirage ; jets',' paid forby Israel, : remain undeliveredin France nearly two yearsafter the war. Israeli leadiersmay now nourish the hopethat the embargo will be lifted,although few here believe thatthere will .be ;any immediatechange.../ • ;.-.'.'CAIRO, .April" 28 (Reuters)—The. '•. ;official Governmehtspokesman, Dr. Mohammed H.el-Zayyat,: today. described Gen-eral. ;de:..Gaulle as "a man wholived by his "principles."

Dri; el-Zayyat said that theUnited Arab Republic alwaysheld' the;- General .in .high es-.iteerh and added that "he shouldbe,a shining :examp:le for states-men everywhere."'. ;

.Observers said the resigha-tibh of trie French.; Presidentwas bound to be viewed herewith mixed feelings and a cer-tain degree of apprehension.

as Policy, in the ordsi of General de GaulleSpecial to The New.X6rk Tte»«

. .PARIS, April 28&&S Franceentered the post*de Gaulle era '

;. today, lief citizens were ,de-'... bating' the. central'1 '.question": engrossing all Europe: -How•long, Will General de 'Gaulle's

' policies and philosophy of; government; .endufe.stiere, ini';sonie'. of. the. general's .ownL, remarks,, is the essence of'France's -Role

In the occidental world ofwhich we5 are a part with-out being confined' to it, wemust talre a place of our own,conduct ah action which isour action. (In a radio ad-dress; June; 1958.)

r France -has'"' chosen onceSlid for all' to be 'France andT invite' 'everybody to adjust•to this. (Address; Septem-

•ber, I960.) , * ' .,*-Tlie/Nature of a Policy

A policy is" ah action/ thatis an ensemble of decisionsone takes, of things one does,or -risks one takes on, andall of it with the support of.the people. (News confer-ence in July, 1964.) •:.Europe

I . intended to assureFrance's predominance in:Western Europe, to cooperatewith East and West and, ifneed be, contract the neces-sary alliances on one sideor the other without everaccepting any kind of de-pendency. (From General deGaulle's memoirs.)

One of France's goajs" is

^ ; f - ' • ' •' - , • -:

the. union, of all of., Europe„ through- -the practicing' be- ;-

tween its west, its center and;;its.'east. o-f de"tente, ; ententeand, cooperation. (Address,December; 19670 •:..• ' ; •• . .

We do not want a supraria- ,:tional Europe. Nations exist.,, •There isan-Italyj £ Germany.,. ;They have existed for thpii- Vsand; years, for two thousand , !

. years. Those/are not entitle^' that can disappear like that.There' i^ no possibility th^t-they could be welded, to-gether. To create >a suprana-tional Europe- for 'u§.- wouldbe to; disappear. For? Europe,a confederation, y^s, but nota: fusion. (1965, quoted byAndr6 Passeroh-in "De Gaulle.speaks:.") • . - , , : . ,'. .. - :-. .;. '

" ' ' " '

of unity whic^, for some20 1 centuries, ' has been'haunting the souls: of ourcontinent. ,'. It was a greatcause which was t ;•„ at the:

root of our quarrels.\'(July i

...'In briefV. the; nature, .sstrucs ,

ture and' situation peculiar <t!p 'Britain differ profoundly-.from''those of the: others on. :

.this.coijtinent ... The ideavoff joining the ; British .Isles'with the economic community'formed; by the • six; continen-tal states -arouses wisheseverywhere, which are ideal-ly' quite justified, but thequestion is whether this could

"be. done today wjthout tear- .irig apart, without breakingup what exists. (News cpnfer-enee> 1967'.).Germany

In' truth, .Germany and• France by seeking to impose

on each other their domi'ria-.. '.tion in -order thereafter to ~extend it to their neighbors,were pursuing, each for his 'own account, the old dream

Atomic Weapons: "•''• No country without. an'a.torh bpmfa could properlyconsider" itself " independent.(From Alexander 'Werth's"be Gaulle/') ;

A country th,ait has anatomic armament incapableof having at its mercy, a,country that doesn't. (Newsconference, July, 19'64.)

France's inodern armamentnot only constitutes an in-comparable guarantee for hersecurity .but .beyprid that in-,-

Produce' 'into,' a ' dangerous'. wpfId, t &1 new and. powerful;qeij2men1:,.<jtf .s'agacjty and cir-' cuittspeqtipn. ' '(News confer-ence, July]6;). ,Soviet Union ;

• Russia !eiF in'effect in allrespects/the principal powerin the, part of the. worldwhere she is situated. On theother -hand,: she appears toFrance as an interlocutorwith whom understanding

.and collaboration are emi-nently natural. This is apolitical and emotional re-

vality a_s ancient as our twocountries, which is becauseof our history and geogra-phy, and because no funda-mental contestation ever op-posed them. . •. . In brief,since the point is to have the

"'international situation evolvein the right direction, Paris,

to talk to; th'e: Ea^t, neces- ,Erench,.,'Arvd.yet''!-..... in 1914" ' 'sarily addresses" itself

Moscow. (June, 1966.)Israel

to- we..were,at;war..'.Y^h ^^"helm ,.li, arid.the:Americanswere pot. there"..They..arrivedin 1917; .and. they did; well to

attacking, in six/days r ,4o so,f6r.themselyes;;and forof fighting; Israel captured' a

T 1^ -^ :" "•the, JbjeJve, K* ,*f*A '$ZiS. '&

• teach:.-.Now it is organizing | •in the territories ii has taken;'the 'occupation .'that-' cannot;1;occur 'Without :"opprressi6ii, j

: repression',;: expulsions,' .and a| states ..entered -.the,; war. Farresistance is forming"against " from-me to belittle the irn-it which, in its turn, it is |/mense,"servipe they,• rendereddescribing as terrorism . , . |,themselves, the .world^.and us.a settlement, ;unless the I',.; .1 am npt,Saying,they areUnited Nations1 . themselves ^ anti-French becauselhey were

' tear • up their own charter, '*'•' myst be based on the evacii-.

atipn of .the territories takenby force, the end" of all

. by,in 1941,.because:. |he.;J.apanesesank ..part, 'of .their-.'vtleet; atPearl Harbor, that the United

belligerency' and the rhutualrecognition<'' of -each •stateinvolved by all the 'others;!(News 'corifererice, Novehi-;|her, 1967.5 .. r

I not .with, us always,;^;-,:. I .am ;j not anti-American, -for pres-lently not alwayspbeing "with' the Americans.T,,. ^(je"interview, December, .

'-"-" . Ji . - , 7JS*'"'i^' '-"i '"v*^§ft "• MTJ ,'" SjB.S j-f-LUnL :

.'".'?.", there r&ally' ,coulcl .b&:' a,' cri- .•':" ;'.teripri, ".a'..,s'tknd'|r^ "other

It is frequently said > I am •ariti-American.'-But, ever sinceI have 'been associated with 'national acts, that is since1940 .; . Thave;always foundmyself;'' being-; attacked '.asanti-sbmething. . ; .'In fact,who has been America's allyfrom":beginning to end if notde Gaulle's France? . . . Inthe case that misfortuneshould occur and the freedomof the world he ,in thebalance, who would be .auto-m'atically the best naturalallies if not France and the.United States, as they havebeen so often in such .anevent? Besides, I do not sayf.that the Americans are

"'/vyhich dpfes:;fnpt,';c'h4ng.e( .its1 nature, which ''can 'pi jhdif-fereritly past 'as'" ingot," .bar,

" 'or as coins, which.''has no na-•tion'ality> w'hich^'is petenhial-

' ly and universally'taken forthe inalterable'; credit "valuepar excellence.1 Anq"":"fpr the

• rest, whatever "in-" the. middle• of the immerlse#Jalg;tHat wehave'' all. gohe through' onemay have .imagined,:-or said,or written,, .pj done, the factis .that' .to''this;;;day:n9. cur-rency .-has. . y'^lile.." exceptthrough direct or indirect,real or supposed relation togold. (Quoted by John L.

.. Hess iri,. "The' .Case, for de

si

o

ro

H-H

MD

HEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 29 April 1969

INDE•ELECTION

Interim PresidencyTV, Calls on Frffto

By JOHN L. HESlS;'! "Special to The "Ktw York ife^ -*

PARIS, April 28 —Poher, President of theSenate and a conserval ,,ponent of Gaullism, who^isadvocate of Europeanbecame Interim Presidepfi.France at noon today. --•••!,•.|

Without oath orhe took over from Gen.de Gaulle, who honored^ h|promise to step down unfesimajority of voters approve^-,proposals for regional and'Siate reform. More than 'Sj£cent voted no yesterday. '

In a brief broadcastMr. Poher, who Was viunknown to. his counimonth ago, expressedover the 78-year-old gidecision, paid tribute to"outstanding services ofpast" and called for national7

unity in respect for the lawT-v"We must aboye.^M-,-and ajjt;

together-,' •save-.the^unity of-^tb^nation," he saicl. . *~$j-S

, Fair Election fledged^ 5|

He promised a fair* eliof a new President "in aweeks," ,but- did;- Jiot set!;

id by-Titne'-.s'&terit'iworker troubles of last Mayand the Gaullist electibn tri-umph':that followed. The Soviet

'• invasion of Czechoslovakia was

'•': ' . The Communists appealed toJi the Socialists today for a corn-•i rrion election program, but a^section of the.? Socialist party" arid the Radical Socialists, who™iare moderates, -looked With in^'terest'toward the possibility ofa centrist -bloc.

' "The election date most oftenmentioned is June 1; If no can-dicfete wins a majority, asse_e,ms; likely, the two leaders

'will meet in a runoff two weekslater. : ;;

Guy Mollet, the Socialist sec-retary general, 'said that if thertj&prf pitted Mr. Pompidou

• Against: Mr. Poher, the Social-ist^'Would back Mr.:Poher. If|the s^coTid Candidate was a:C6jfcmimist, he said, they wouldtack the Communist.

• The.ieffective contest -shapedup as one between'two con-servative candidates, one Gaui-list, 'one riot. ;

Cabinet Member Quits., Significantly, RenS Capitant,

.a leading left-wing Gaullist re-signed today as Justice- Minis-

• ter. He. was the only Cabinetmember who refused to serve

, in Hhe .caretaker government'"under ife JPcjjiejand PremierrMasrice Couve de Muryille.

y Capitant, a wartime com--Jn. arms of .General, de

, _. Ie,':.was an open critic off.Mr) Pompidou, whom he ac-'• ciised qf hayijig sabotaged, the, Gaujlist program of increased

' ^participation, in govern-—'".ch was to have-been

„ ..by reforms giving|anddefined regions more"

: autonomy. .. "° • , .: Mr. Pompidou, -a former. Rothschild Bank iafficiarw'eU re-garded in conservative circles,

• canceled .a public appearancethis everiing, but friends in-theproviflces began forming ,c6m-

: mittees to back him. ; : ". •-: Valery Gisc'ard d'Estairig,'. leader of the Independent Re-: publicans; made, it • clear thathis: persona_l break with, the

ist regime in the referen-applied also to Mr. Porri-[.• He called for the nom>

ion of .a figure not involved

i»fe /s 52.4%ittion Ballots

Special to'The New York Tl.ines

PARIS, April 28—Follow-ing are the results of the na-tional referendum yesterday,complete except for the votefrom Polynesia: .YES 10,892,196 47.6%NO . . . . 11,989,559 52.4%

The total voted counted,22,881,728, represented 80.17per cent of registered voters.

Polynesia, with 62,000registered voters, opposedthe regime for the first time,by a margin of 53 per cent,but the exact figures werenot available.'

as Iace

Government|with

franc, which declined today asthe price of gold soared, a;the only possibly critical problem before the' Governmeniduring the interregnum. Theregime's ability to act de-cisivfely is limited by an am-biguity in > thi? distribution ofpowers.

•Unlike' a regularly electedPresident,, the interirn chief ofstate may not dissolve, the Na-tional Assembly or' dismissministers, although he may as-sume1 full powers in an emer-gency. The Cabinet remains inoffice, but it may not call areferendum or. demand a voteof confidence.

A dispute Between the In-terim President and the Cab^inet would be difficult to re-solve. They seemed to be tacit-ly agreed to avoid any suchconfrontation. The WednesdayCabinet' meeting,.normally.pre-sided-:'Qver !• b y General deiGaijlle, was canceled.

The passing Of the regunecame with a minimum of drama

ceremo'ny. It was a bril-liant spring .day, arid French-men generally weft: about theirbusiness as if nothing hsidpened. •• i . • ' ; ' . • > : • . ..

Packing Up the Papers<3ej}eral de Gaulle.^ept his

solitude.:ifi.,Colombey-l6is-t)et(x-Eglises,' AttEIlys^e Palace "here,aides 'began I&%r4gfct,,.t6 pslckhis .j)ers6inaJ;v.1;ieloi!gMgS' "aridpaper? mto IrucJisJo^Wl'to his^ountry hpme. -. '--V

Byt midnjorningi • jffie -pappeared deserted. In (the Salli[ties "•ji'etes, sqene of i many oGeneral de Gaulle's great

'

Council, a Wjtw^SWTlwappeal on constitutional qtions, acknowledged fecehjlfrom the Premier^ of ^General'de -Gaulle's note of. resignatiorji?The council declared .the 'frfr!terim presidency ift 'effect, andthe election interval begun.:

Mr. Poher snowed -no haste:to assume his new ypreroga-,tives.. He arrived at Elys' e at3:05 P.M., received a smallcheer from a crowd of perhaps|200 onlookers and took tiife,salute of a platoon of the Presi-fdential guards, in blue and red.

While General de Gaulle'schief aides were gone, a-proto-col officer, bodyguards andother staff members ' remainedto serve his successor. A groupfrom the Seriate President'sipffice in the Luxembourg Pal-" be arrived later.

After a 40-minute conferencenth Mr. Couve de MurvilJ4|

Mr. itoher made his one ce|e'|jmbnial gesture, a trijD to'Arc ,de Triomph^ to lay

of 'red 'roses atTomb of the Unknown 5oldiei£The wreath identified the dori^r]as the President of the .Senale;

was so introduced-on tele-vision this' evening. He 'openefiWith ' the familiar "Frangaises,Frangais," and closed with tliej"Vive la r^pubKque! Vive ' laFrance!" But the contrast withhis predecessor was striking.'.

When he wears his steel-rimmed glasses, , Mr. PoKerrather resembles Herbert Hosy-,er, who, like liim,: began ffiis;career as a mining ehgineer.JHe doffed the glasses tof-deliverIhis two-minute talk in a'grave,',low-keyed tone." . ' . . . ' • . • ' • * ' : [,

POHER')Following,

translation, is the text of•Mr. Poher's afldress:

.- . Frenchwomen,. Frenchmen.; The -President-,of the Re-.ipublic,'General.de'Gaulle, has ,deCide'd to ceaiSe acting," as'..President. . ? . / . . . - . • .'

On the. ,6'venirig after-thatr

decision, 'which; I tegrfeti'-.I'-;want abo' e ^11 ,tb ,express to-1

. him th^- resjiefitiof all^tilqseawho, Sj. tjte;djff«:utSfes:pf the 3.presint. wflljiiejfer forget his .ouMariding . (services 6ff the

-past,' ' • ; • • : • ' - • - - : : • : . s u . -o

interim.':ini Addressing'

of ybi^my dear" ' ten, '

his"

he took over from Gen.de Gaulle, who hono:promise to step downmajority of voters appro'proposals for regional

reform. More thancent voted no yesterday^

In a,brief broadcast!Mr. Poher, who wasunknown to his couniimonth ago, expressed"over the 78-year-olddecision, paid tribute to"outstanding services of tfig-past" and called for nationaj'unity in respect for the la'WrV

"We must abpye, aW:and ail,together, -saye:,the' unity of tb;&nation," he saiti. . . " "*""

'. Fair Election Pledged pfie promised a .fair' e

of a new President "in aweeks," .but- did' noV setdate; the law requiresvote be no les? tnan^O an3,:iibmore than 35 days from theses-ignation. At a news confe:rjen£&he also declined to say i||jip •he would b'e a^ca^idati^B^

. 'Former PremierPompidou .;.surgeJi,tp t _ _

lengteti ..caist Hpi

giving|and"

p"u»derJ-:-Mr. Poher and Premierouve de.Muryille.

t,. a wartime com-.. arms of .General, de

xGaiille, was an open critic ofJS/fej Bqmpidou, whom he ac-cw^ed pf haying sabotaged, theGaujjist program of increased

'itffesi "participation. in govern-Wgpt — which was to have beencr.ojvjie3 ''•• ;by reformsnewly defined regions moreautonomy. ...... " •••

Mr. Pompidou, :a .formerRothschild Bank officiaTw'eH re-garded in conservative circles,

•• canceled .a public appearancethis eve'ning, but friends -Mr-theprovinces began forming com-

' mittees to back him. .Valery Giscard d'Estairig,

leader of thfe Independent Re-publicans, made, it clear that

t his personal treak with the| Gaullist regime in the referen-Idum. applied also to Mr. Pom-j.gujou. He called ,for the nom-liipation of .a figure not involvedIfft, recent political . wars: iThei definition could apply; to Mr.i^o^er or to former PremierlAjjitpine Pinay, who' has beeniinjaitioned but said he wouldIrfifl; only "to avoid a catas-' "'$."> With,, .procedure for . nomina-liaA-1 --^T.i- — 1_ -= — i- vxv» -•-

ejnerge&as.of. non-Gaullistaild.

relatively simplnatures-of-citizenstive office in>nitents or:be six or more

the first: onesmore

terim President and theiriet wpuld be difficult to re-solve, ijhey. seemed to be tacit-ly agreed to. avoid .any sjichconfrontation. The WednesdayCabinet' meeting,; normally..pre-sided -.over '. by General de'Gaulle,'was canceled.

The- passing' pf the regimecame with a minimum of drama

ceremo'ny<: It was a bril-liant spring .day, and French-men generally went about theirjbusiness as if nothing had hapfjpened. • - . . ; - . " '

Packing Up the Paperssnerai de Gaulle Jcept his

'solitude, in. Colombey-Ies-Deux-Eglises; "At!.Elys£e Palace here,aides began last: night 46 packhis personal.,,. belongings' "and

i papers into tTUcT^for^Wpme'rifto hiS:Country homb.-. ,"•-';''' ''""

By^ midmorning, jthe -.palaceappeared deserted. In /the Sail*des- iFetes, scene of. many tilGeneral de Gaulle's great re-cepttons, and news conferences1,:Bernard Tricot, -his ejhief aide,told -ae staff ,of somei.200 thatthe general regretted not beingable to bid them farewlll.

"All our -life," he, said, "itwill be an honor to have servedGeneral de Gaulle.'*

b.ulk of the nearly 12>:mivotes -that defeated' p"resjde Gaulle, was givenitq fch'of electing his successor.fragile united front of ^munists, Radical Socialists an3'Socialists, born in the presK

iThe {ceptions,

Cabr rattier .resembles Herbert Holy?e'r, who,-like, him^'iegfan Si||cateer as a muiirig en'gine li-2jHe doffed the glasses tp'-ldelivefhis two-minute:talk m "a'grave,-low-keyed tone.'". ;" ; :; '' ' ' • ' • POHER'S lADBRESS

Following, 'in ij^bf/icial.translation, is the text of•Mr. Pqher's a'Sdress:

• FrenchwQmen,; Frenchmen.The •President,of the Re?

: spublic, Generalrfle.'Gaulle, has.,'decided to cease acting,''as,Priesident. ;/, L,, : . • ' ::

On. the ^venirig after -that;

decisipn,. •'whjchr I regret, .1"-.want .above'-all-,to lexpress tohim the- resjie~qt. of all those.-.,who, juv the: difficulties of thepres^ntj. wiU, never forget hisoutstanding services of, the

-past,' '.,. . : . • • ' • : J1;' - f -Required by fthe- -Go.nstitu-'

•> tipn -tp1 - assunie'' 'the interim-(cy,' I .a;m''addressing;

q all of you,,my.dear',|ello\?'-'' ciUniErymen, whethefiypu ifeside jri. Metropolitan' *—ice, dyejfteSis or ;fn' fqr-

"disclosed ,'ih yesterday's"Vcfeing, you feel as deeply-as ~tdo, I ani sure,1 that' we must

' above • 'all, -and' jfli-stogetiieif; ^save the unity of

We willscrupulouslaw, which

operation, of the elected as-;:semblies ahd 6f all French-

prien. : :hs*fcAfter a loyal comparison

l" Sien and prbgrams, you,.ift a few weeks, fully in-

choose your new;.re»i-^nt-

^jJPrfhchwomen, Frenchmen" 'e..-future of the father-

in the hands of all

:.;.'Long live the republic!jEprig'live France!.

BOSTON GLOBE, Wednesday, 30 April 1969

Israel, NATO Po fides Helped Defeat De(Second of a Series)'By THOMAS F. RYAN

SUII Writer

Charles deGaulle cameback to power in Francein 1958 as a messiah. Hewas forced to resign in1969 because the day ofthe messiah was over.

It is strange that hewho had foreseen so

many things long beforeanyone else, had failed tosee this. There wereclearly visible signs —not only in the electionsof 1965 but also in thestudent riots and thestrikes of workers andfarmers in May of 1968.

There were clearly audi-ble stirrings of discontentover his anti-Israel policy,his anti-NATO policy, his in-tervention in the Quebeccontroversy and even hisCommon Market policy. Notthat any one of these isueswas enough to topple himbut the accumulated resent-ment against them -couldwell have been a factor.

To push his nuclear weap-ons program he had cut theArmy budget to the boneand there was bitternessover this among the gener-als. Yet it was to the geher-'als he had to turn in May,1968, when, the Sorbonneriots and the strikes broughtfear of civil war.

The tragedy of his rejec-tion by the people in sohumiliating a fashion is em-phasized by the fact' thatduring many of the years ofhis "second reign" he hadaccomplished so much.When he came back in 1958France was in chaos.

DE GAULLE THE MESSIAH. . . speaking in Senegal, West Africa, during atour .of French colonies. j

tral authority at home waspractically non-existant. Thewar in Algeria was gettingcostlier and uglier by thehour. The economic situationin France was that of a na-tion threatened with bank-

The army in Algeria was rup Cy'in a state of rebelliB_n,Csnar-r DeGaulle got the army

•V rr ' "•(mder control. He gave thecountry "in seven days agovernment stronger than ithad been in seven years." Heended the war in Algeriaand gave that colony its in-d e p e n d e n c e . ThirteenFrench possessions in Africabecame sovreign nations. Heput the franc on a soundfooting and in five yearsturned the country frombankruptcy into boom. Heestablished cordial relationswith Germany and improvedrelations between Franceand Russia as well as with'the other nations of EasternEurope.

He put through .reformsthat made the presidency apowerful executive officewith the President electedby direct popular vote. Andhe himself became presidentof France.

former honor and glory. Thethought that h was uncerem-oniously repudiated at atime when he was — inmany respects — at theheight of his career must bea cause of anguish for him

-in his current isolation atColombey-les-Deux Egliaes,

The messianic complex ofCharles d«Gaulle developedat an early age. He was bornNov. 22, 1890, in the indus-trial -city of- Lille in thenorth of ranee. His father,Henri deGaulle, was a veter-an of the Franco-PruesianWar of 1870 and had beenwounded in the conflict du-ringthe siege of Paris. Thedefeat of France by Prussialeft scars '-on the soul as well•as on the body of Henri de-Gaulle and his feelings wereindelibly impressed on hisson Charles.

Ghe general would later.recall the visits he, his fa-ther and his brother would'make to.the scene of the bat-tle where the elder deGaullehad been ounded'. memorialhd been erected there in theform of a brokn sword car-

. ring the inscription:Having achieved these . "The sword of France,

,'things'it Is no wonder If broken while in their valiant• Charles' de Gaulle was con- .hands, shall be forged anew

vinced that he was ap- by ,the descendants."pro-aching the realization of 5;; "• • -«.=,._! « . _ - , « . - ^_ , J - J , 0 jje hy. • Even as a boy Charles de-

3je — the Gaulle .determined that' he,rice to its °ne 'of. the descredants . of'

'• . .. those- valiant -men, wouldhone1 day forge anew1. the.-;

sword,of France.. • • •

He Gave JFKA Good TipDe Gaulle is reported to

have 'advised President JohnF. Kennedy in their Parismeeting: "Listen to nobodybut yourself, my triend".

Boundless Love For OneCharles de Gaulle is reputed to be a cold man.

He is not one to show affection in public at least.But his youngest child, Anne, was retarded. Shewas a mongoloid, weak in body as well as mind.

w To her, de Gaulle showed boundless affection.He spent hours holding her on his lap, trying tocomfort her. She died in 1948. The general andMadame de Gaulle established a home for retardedchildren in her memory.

Charles deGaulle wasborn in a family that includ-ed soldiers, scholars, civilservants and nobles of theChurch. He had a grand-mother who wrotes romanticnovels and biographies.Among the latter owas "theLife of Daniel O'Connell",the Irish statesmen. One ofthe d e G a u l l e ancestorsfought at Agincourt and an-other was a secretary toMarie Antoninette.

As a child Charles de-Gaulle was tall, skinny,awkward and arrogant, adescroption that applies, inpart at least, to the greatman of today, He was one offive children — three broth-ers and a sister. He was abrilliant pupil and had aphenomena Imemor y.Evennow at 78 his memory issomething to marvel at. Be-fore those famous appear-ances on te levision he writes,out his speeches and com- .mits them to memory, In-variably he delivers themwithout a slip-up.

His full name, by the way,is Charles Andre Marie Jo-seph deGaulle. His nick-name, given to him by hisclassmates while'he was inhis late teens, was "The BigAsparagus". Even then hewas six feet,' four inchestqall.

He developed a taste forreading early. He read»muchand even wrote (a little) po-etry, He liked philosophyand became a devotee ofHenri Bergson. It has beensaid that in later life as amilitary theorist and a prac-ticing politicia n his ideasand actions showed the in-fluence of Bergson's philoso-phy.

But abovtory, po f ' j F r a .

derived tKe^rgn'cept' Jof na-tionalism that was such animportant factor in his life.

Charles de Gaulle pre-pared for the .famous mili-tary school of. St. Cyr bystudying at the EcoleSainte-Genevieve, a schoolcatering only to the mostbrilliant students. He passedthe'.exams to St. Cyr at 19but first — according toFrench law — had to serveayear in the army as an ordi-nary draftee. He spent twoyears at St. Cyr, graduatingamong the top 10 in the

class. Graduating with thehighest honors was the rut-ure Marshl Alphonse Juinwho would play an impor-tant part in de Gaulle'sfuture. . ••

When, after graduationdeGaulle went back to hisold outfit in the army, hiscommanding officer was Col.Henri Phippe Petain. De-Gaulle came to idolize thisman and Petain was of ser-vice later in advancing thecreer of deGaulle. Yearslater when the 'break between them came it was inthe darkest hour of Frenchhistory. Petain's -governmentlater found deGaulle guiltyof treason and he was con-demned to death in bsentia.

Twoye ars after deGaullereturned, to the armyj war

t.,j,t..fl;a!.jjh| Frist'"

WASHINGTON POST, Wednesday, 30 April 1969

Israelis See Better T•, ^ . • ,

With France EventuallyBy Alfred Friendly

WashingtoiiVpost Staff Writer

."JERUSALEM, April 29—Thoughtful Israeli officialsbelieve that the principal im-Diediate gain, their countrycan count on from the! ppliti-

•pal demise of General deGaulle is the presumed ad-yerse psychological effect outtKeir Arab, enemies. . ' • ' • ,

.~! Arab leaders, It is pointedout here, saw de Gaulle— acoir-ately-^-as. responsible for end-ing the once cl6se,.politjco-iniil-itary relationship' •. (betweenFrance, and Israel, 'a: changeclimaxed by de Gaulle's -4m-bargo on the shipment;' of -50,Mirage fighter planes iniipedi-a'tely before the/ Acabrlsr-aeli-iyar in June,' 1967;r: ' ' " ' ' " • - • . . ••> •'•: ? '"

.While.no reflective; Israelisexpect that embargo to ibeended • suddenly,' or \everi f or :a:

;/long time/tey b0UeTO?Jthat"it— and .France's igferierai officialarii.mus toward Israel— re-siiJlited entirely from i deGaulle's personal views. .

fPhey think, therefore, thatthe; situation should nowchange-, 'markedly, particularly

/France's; defense of ;,the Arabposition ;bn teiims -for settling-the :Mddle;East^qnflipti' They;.ib;eMeve/the. Arabs;'' will- 'read.the:, results 'on 'i. Sunday's, etec-tidiri'sj.'thecsame way.' . • • ; :;'.•;•?•'

. Ar.ab. dis-'y j£: - .

'•; appoii ient ^cbul'd1 h'ayej ijn-K portant':cbiiseOTeraces in.-Y flyjiigjArab 'pSliies: or' '

Gaulle's resignation,: analysts, •here declare,' theArabspno -longer lhaye the as-surance that-France will con-tinue' to withhold from Israel1

;the all-important : fighter: planes or the 'certainty ofFrench backing on Arab set-.tiament terms,, . . ..V Ori:'-th_eir part, the Israelisare obviously delighted. to see

: a man they disliked intenselyremoved -from the .leadership

. - -o f France. But they point but,i\'.| -that.it :will be this fall at least

i|..;b.efpre any major changes inI ipbitcy tdwai'd Israel can be ex-

successor is

Georges Pompidou, officialspoint out, he is, not likely toaffront his old boss needlesslyby a sudden rescinding, of. theembargo.;S16,w Change Expected

Even if the new President isa non-Gaullist, any suqh policychange would come gradually,if at all, they believe, andwould be dependent on in-terim developments in theMiddle East . '•• :: :;

•Analysts ,here. insist >that theturn of events inimical to Is-rael; stemmed entirely from .de•GjuUe,. partly from pique,when1 Israel refused to heedhis' enjolnder riot. to; fire firstin 'the. six-day.war; but mostly;and .as early as 1965; from de>Gaulle's, decision, to postuEe.France as' a, great power. Thismeant that he;, felt-he had tostand apart from the UnitedStates and: free himself fromcpmmitme,nts that wouldimpede 'h'js • playing a middlerole : 'between the UnitedStates arid the Soviet Union.

One of those anhibiting com-mitmentsi as. he;. ;savr:it— or asthe Israelis' thirik he saw ft —was the : extraordhiary Frenchrole, from 1955 to about 1965,'of military ally v'and principalarms 'supplier . to the Jewishstarte: ••'-.; •• ' - ' • - ' - '•'.' . •'• .'' ' f . ': •

Change ForeseenNo ; prospective successor to

de Gaulle -is;;likely to entertaineither his-'pique'/toward Israelor his pretensions; as holder ofthe, balance' between 'the- twosuperpbwers,;Israelis argue.*, Therefore,' :they continue,

Fran.ce eau, be expected to re-sumeC" the • ; attitude • -the Arabsbeg of th-e^Uriited States: 'a bitmore "everivhandeilness."•• '' K- .France do,es,';!its' officialoppo'sition to riefeotiating' apreferential .tfeatyV 'with Israelin the Coirimon- Market shouldgive way as a matter ofcourse. Second, Israel hopesFrance's posture in the four-power Mideast discussions isnot likely to .be sothe Russian-Arab

;QJ

HEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, JO April 1969

leGaulteEraiaspect of the first days of

fipaulle era is that nothing dramatic hasoccurred. The chaos the French leader" always warnedWould follow his fall gives/no sign ql materializing.General de Gaulle came to power after a coup andruled like a monarch, but he left office like a democrat.

tPolitlcal:conflicts and 'turbulence, even serious icrises, inay come; in the: months or years ahead. But ifo!r fee time being France's good fortune is that the 'general fell on an issue that engaged neither passionnorfcommitment Oh eij&er side; The country was notaroused by the comparatively: minor constitutional •reforms involved m'the referendum. The nation con--...templated the prospect that the 78-year-old Presidentwould resign if defeated—and gave a Gallic shrug.

;The question now is whether ex-Premier GeorgesPompidou, as the Gaullist candidate, can assembleenough votes to win the presidency. The Gaullistsas a political party have always been a minority inthe country, obtaining between 32 and 38 per centof the popular vote. General de Gaulle himself obtainedorily 44, per cent of the vote in Metropolitan Francein the first round of the December 1965 Presidentialelection. " • ' ' " ' , ' • „ : // ' ' •: .If1 Mr. Pompidou Is elected he should be able toname his own Premier and govern without seriouschallenge until the present Assembly expires in 1973.But tf an anti-Gaullist wins the,Presidency he willundoubtedly dissolve Parliament and call new elec-tions, m that case, an opposition victory would meansignificant changes in French foreign policy. But thelikelihood is that similar changes would be institutedgradually—and perhaps even rapidly—by a Pompidouregime. With de Gaulle repudiated, a Pompidou gov-ernment would have an interest hi quickly establishinga new image of its own. . : ' . ' • ' • •

• ' "...'. ." . * - . ( ' , : " ••.* ; • . . • • ,:;;*i : ' . '•»'. : ' " - • • ' . ' ' ' • . • ' • • "

;Mr. Pompidou-yesterday mdicated a. shift itoward .a; policy rnorej favorable to West European unity,especially ^British entry into the Common Market.Friendlier relations with the United States and closercooperation with NATO, without formal entry intothe integrated military command, would also be likely.These would be popular imoves in the country, asvfould a return to traditional French policy hi theMiddle East, the unpopular embargo on arms ship-ments to Israel would probably go quickly. The pro-Arab policy in Big Four talks on the Mideast wouldundoubtedly go with it ;Freneh participation in dis-armament negotiations could be expected at an early

; Eyen the future of the franc, despite the temptation :of a new government todevalue quickly, is likely tobe iettled In agreement with the other major mone-tary powers. Here lies what will probably be thechief characteristic of French foreign policy, in thepbst-de Gaulle era. With its proud, prickly, prestige-:oriented President gone, France is likely to turn awayfrom unilateral action and disregard of others toward ;j^closer cooperation with friends and allies in the-West.

NEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 50 April 1969

'Charles de Gaulle: America's Regret and Relief• - - - B y JAMES RESTON

America has taken the resig-nation of Charles de Gaullewith a mixture of regret and re-lief. We made love to him andhe turned us down. He taughtus that we were not omnipotentand then made the mistake ofthinking he was. Yet our regretat his going, at least in per-sonal if not in political terms,is greater than our relief.

The reasons for this are fair-ly obvious and sentimental. Hewas the opposite of what wehave now. He was a man whoknew what he wanted and nota committee giving us a "con-sensus." He was the last of thegreat political figures of thetwo World Wars in the Westernworld who could write andspeak. He never smiled, neverpretended that the people or thepress had any sense, and in aworld of grinning, pretendingand back-slapping political me-chanics, this austere and evencontemptuous attitude, ex-pressed in verse-like prose, wasinteresting, even when he wastalking nonsense.

No doubt he was a great manin the history of his own "coun-try. The individuality and vari-ety of France, which are politewords for selfishness, are bothits glory and its problem. It hasalways gone through great pe-riods of personal creativityleading to alarming periods ofpolitical instability,, followed by

tumultuous battles—until someindividual or movement broughtit back to sanity and unity.

Accordingly, the great crisesof French history are usuallyidentified with the names ofunusual personalities, familiesor assemblies. In French his-tory, Charles de Gaulle's placeis secure. He was the unifyingforce in the latest crisis ofFrench disunity during andafter the last World War, andthus takes his place with theother heroic figures and institu-tions of his country: the Cape-tians, Joan of Arc, Louis XI,Henri IV, Richelieu, the Conven-tion, and even Napoleon.

Maybe this is giving him toomuch, even in terms of Frenchhistory, but in world historyhis place is quite different, forhe.chose the past and not the

.future, and debased the idealwe 'had about France in theWestern world.The French Ideal

"Our special quality," saidPaul Valery, the French poet,analyzing the character anddestiny of the French nation,"is to believe and feel that weare universal."

He thought the problem ofthe world was the crisis of themind, that nationalism was acurse, and 'that we could nothave a league of nations untilwe had a league of minds,which France, with her intelli-gence and variety, had a better

chance of encouraging than anyother nation on earth.

America's criticism of deGaulle is not that he failedFrance but that he failed theWestern world. We regardedhim not as a national but as a .world figure, the last of theWestern political men who hadthe ability to express the ideaof the unity and tragedy of thehuman family, but he let usdown.

The Tug of the PastHe talked of the grandeur of

France when the world, hungryfor vision, wanted to hear aboutthe unity of Europe, and he ap-pealed, in the end, not to com-passion .but to selfishness and toeverybody's nationalistic preju-dices rather than to their ideals.

That great Frenchman, JeanMonnet, fighting for the unifi-cation of Europe, used to arguefor de Gaulle. "Don't judge tooquickly/' Monnfet used to say."It is the living de Gaulle whospeaks, but it is the dead deGaulle who acts. In the end, hewill clothe himself hi the robesof history."

It is probably right forFrench history. He restored thepride of has country, which wasa great achievement, but thepride of nationalism has beenthe tragedy of Europe, and thisis the point he missed.

Paul Vale'ry-itfhought 1!he va-riety of France and the unity

of France could be: reconciled*And that the variety of Europe,with all its national differencescould produce a league ofminds and a powerful politicalcoalition, independent of bothRussia and America.

But de Gaulle denied it Na-poleon thought on the scale ofthe world, but he was ahead ofhis time and failed. The tragedyof de Gaulle is that the timewas right for him to thdnk onthe scale of the world and thecoming age, but he thought onlyof France and the past.

Still, he has his consolations.He is undoubtedly the bestwriter hi world politics today.And he still retains the qualityof "mystery" which he hasalways regarded as a source ofpower.

"There can be no powerwithout mystery," he wrote inThe Edge of the Sword. "Theremust always be a 'something'which others cannot altogetherfathom, which puzzles them,stirs them, and rivets theirattention. . . . Nothing moreenhances authority than silence.It is the crowning virtue of thestrong, the refuge of the weak,the modesty of the proud, thepride of the humble, the pru-dence of the wise, and the senseof fools. . . ."

Anybody who can write likethat is not likely to remainsilent at Colombey. His ca-pacity to govern has run out,but his time to write remains.

Foreign Affairs: The Last GiantBy C. L. SULZBERGER

TOKYO—The French arehighly individualistic and Tin-governable and the extraordin-ary thing is that, although theyproject great leaders about oncea century, those.leaders rule ef-fectively but bequeath'chaos.

Louis XIV constructed agreat, unified France butstrained the nation and, theirmarrow eroded, the French en-tered a century of disastrouswar and revolution. Napoleonpulled his people from the ashesyet hi turn left disaster.

What de Gaulle's legacy willbe is impossible to say and onecannot forecast whether theable but jealous lieutenants cre-ated by his Fifth Republic willmanage to coalesce around oneman and resurrect the old ma-jority. For, despite their talents,there is no giant among them.Years ago the general assuredme: "The age of giants is over."He was the last.Mistaken Resolution

I saw de Gaulle just before;: Nixon's ;F,ebruar;y;;Visit to Paris

sohitely de-through in-

- based on labor-^eapital '"pa'rticipation" and ad-ministrative decentralization.But • the manner<in:^hich he setabout?tfiis prognfairand his mis-

judgment of the national tem-per doomed him b a needlessreferendum.

Once I asked the generalwhat he considered the great-est success and failure in hiseventful life. "How do you de-fine success or failure?" hewondered. "Only history Itselfcan define these terms. Inreality .life and action are madeup of a series of successes andchecks. Life is a combat andtherefore each one of its phasesincludes both successes andfailures.De Gaulle on Success

"And you cannot really saywhich event was a success andwhich event was a failure. Suc-cess contains within it thegenms of failure and the reverseis also true. Certainly Francesuffered a terrible failure as anation in 1940. It was cata-strophic, but what occurred in1940 merely reflected what hadreally happened before insideFrance. Nevertheless, that wasa failure without precedent"[although scarcely his own]..

"And now France has beennotably re-established both inits own eyes and in the eyesof the world, ow far that wiU,continue'!/in:to1' "the future, ofcourse we-cannot foresee. Butthe comparison between France;

in 1940 and now is very evi-dent, very striking, That wasa success for France and Ithink I have participated in thissuccess, but no one can predictwhere It will all lead."The Sophoclean Evening

De Gaulle always cautionedthat one couldn't measure aman's worth until his careerhad ended. "You must remem-ber," he observed, "people growin stature. One speaks of giantswhen it is all over. Sophoclessaid that one must wait untilthe evening to see how splendidthe day was; that one cannotjudge life until death."

Nevertheless, regarding hisown life, he told me: "I wasmuch influenced by Bergson,particularly because he mademe understand the philosophyof action. Intellect alone can-not act. The intelligent mandoes not automatically becomethe man of action. Instinct isalso important, yet even instinctplus impulse are insufficient.

"Bergson showed me thataction comes from the combi-nation, the combined applica-tion of intellect and instinct,working together. All' my life Ihaye been aware of this essen-

;tiany important explanation/.'•Pure intellect cannot by^lts'e'lfifproduce action and impulse'can.

produce folly if it alone servesas guide."

And now, perhaps fefecause h«heeded instinct wr impulse in-cautiously, de Gaulle retire*into the Sophoclean evening.He will live at Ms country es-tate but he will write no morememoirs. He will converse withhis grandchildren, see a fewfriends, watch television andlisten to music. He says:

"I am very fond of music andI often listen to it both on rec-ords and on the radio. I do notpretend to have a very accuratetaste. .Certainly I like Beethovenmore than Mozart—although Ican say I am surely fond ofSchumann and Schubert, Alsothere are moments—I say ino-ments-^when I like Wagner. Icrave music but I am not cre-atively competent."Not Like Churchill

Shortly after he returnedfrom Churchill's funeral I askedde Gaulle an admittedly lugu-brious and impertinent ques-tion: Had he made similar per-sonal plans for a great historicalspectacle?

"No," the general answered,"I have thought about-itta/gre'atdeal but my funeral .opposite of C^will be no spfOTt.aclbe no spectacle *or de Gaulle."

, THE N&W-XQ1RK 'TIM

Comirt'ent^by French": Special to The Mew York Tim

" PARIS, ' April 29—Pfc.f: "vint"de Gaulle's: resignationSunday night brought .sor- "

• row-to his followers and open •>.exultation to -a few. adver-saries,.. But ."today, mostFrenchmen' were 'looking' to

-'the future, 'and.'their' mood- ••was -one of, hesitation. Eo'l-i'

. 'lowing are ..the.jpbmments/. of in

..some weli-Jaipwn- French' ..men: ' ' ,,;..' " .:- ' , t, >•..,

ALAIN PEXREFITTE, ^e.ad.'-.of the 'National' Assembly's;"Commission for Education," a'

'-GauIlist-^."Gr.eat " spfrPw- 'is.''silent. sAil .those iwho^foft'so,'

•many .-'years' • -f o.llowEd- ;=and-:'--'.supported- Gener-a'J--de Gaulle-—<in his lifework-of redressing '.the -nation—-f*el—grievously~jjwith him the blow' he has 'ijjeeij dealt. . . .He had for-jmulated the wish of serenelyj.tufning the '.last page of the(chapter of history, he has

- 'written; .unfortunately it nowhas -been torn up."

!•' JACQUES'•'"CHABAN-EIEL-TVIAS, .President . pf the Na-tional Assembly,. % Gaulu'st— .

i/'Historians, in the future, c!willj doubtless ^w'rite that,:-.nothing Vras missing..in. the"-ijgrand destiny of General -4ejG.aulle, ngt even'being paifi,iwith ingratitude:" ,>''"., "'.;, JACQUfcS ^SAUVAfiEof,•one "of thj three radical' lead-ers of last y£arV studentIrevqlts—|The defeat of theireferendum is jipt'due, di-irectly tp a^pffensive'Sby'the peo-pte-ibUtfto.'.the 'p'res-:,....., ,1 * •:*.:</...-— mfr^'^-* . • *L'r 7

ne

"The- success' 'of ' Gaullismstemmed frpni the fact." that

^'General de Gaulle'could say'he'was incarnating'Both tra-•dition anfl *jhe:.,fulure.- 'JHe."

" was. Histoiy ..without^ .being;-' the past,.' since the .pa^t wasthe Fourth Repiibjjc.- -.He -

^wanted both -.that - France;"ispouse-its.era, but also?.that

.France remain . .:. whatsit- •-;•^•was. . , •• '.• -•-•> '. • ''•_ - • , "The^Gaullists-.thusi were •

> botlii.rthose1.'modernists''• -m-'a.te'nt oni-'ehang'es 'in '• industry- h

and agriculture and the '/old '!'•'-guard' clinging'. to: .the> rgen---eral.—BS1 iif.'f-toi-.ai protector..-.'.....against.threatening chatjge. ..-. .

Camera Press-Pix

Chaban-Delmas

•-• ,-':* • *bourg^epjsie. |t is thus thedefee^iori .of- ia part of bigcadltal Jthat '; explains theGaullistf defeat. One now

^witnessss the; take-over of"[another! wing-incarnated bysolutions -proposed by the.

.Pompidofu and Poher."The Victory of the 'noes'

thus is .ftot a/'victory of theworking-' class. One maywen ask; whether, in a situa-tipn of increased contradic-

. tio^s within the bourgeoisie,theNworkers are not in theprocess '• of ^-becoming anauxiliary; force for variousbourgeoisie." /

DR.- 4LFR5JD GROSSER,protessbr-'of pbliticaT science:

United Press International

"Sauvageot " ' .

Camera Press-Pix "

< Giscard d'Estaing

"Changes in personnel andmajorities are as such with-out value . . . except in rela-tion to the problems posedto a society. ... To forgetthis, as one is about to dohere, means heading toward.

-. explosions bringing about,aritid confusion, change thatis. unforeseeable and im-provised." \

" VALERY GISEARD. d'ES-"TAING, former Finance Min-

'"tote'r^leiadfir. of Ule'Indenpen-.^'"'•dent Republicans, part allies, "

part foes of the Gaullists—."France i.eetis a candidacyof appeasement . . . Tpytake'.the reins over from an.exceti?.

'tio'nal ;mari, -a ;maii 6t. expei'i-rence K Teq'u'ir'ed wlio-h'as-'nbtlie'eri engaged''in 'ffie1 political'fights' between;"majoHty and

; opposition."' :

HUBERT'p'ublish'er "of' te"Arnon'g General 'de.-Gaulle'spartisans as-, well '&sr his ad- -v^rsanes,-. , numerb.u,s, . were; -those 'w.hp'- questipiied ,them-selves;- about the .--reasons for.such, la /risky initiative'.[as,calling for a .Tefejendum], ' *•

"Did , Charles .,'de- Gaulle'mean to mask a feeling ,pfjjnp.qtenc£ and of: defeat, that,for "a monient "became visible

- last May--and-!which,:-:step bystep, may have overwhelmed

z-hintf-An.iaudacious, gambler, .long lucky and suddenlyagainst the wall, was he notdeliberately running the riskof a .theatrical sortie, of akind of political suicide byRussian 'roulette, .without athought to. the 'disastrous 'upheavals' h'e Tfifad not hesi-tated to pre'dict [in the eventof his departure]?"

• JEAN-JACQUES -SERVAN- -SCHREIfiER, publisher of theweekly news magazine L'Ex-press—"For the first time inthe life of a mail of my gen-eration, ;one :jnayi:,?be-. proudof . one's .country. What .Fratice' has just* .done, no-country,,. eyer, had done be- ^fcre';he'r>Tb rjply 'nb'; in a--plebiscite-'siS;. without histori-cal precedent^-'And-this vic-tory over itself— the most.difficult -of them all—which

has just won

The New York Times

Servan-Schreiber

should, at last, efface fromour consciences the memoryof so many defeats, col-lapses, renunciations, whichhad not ceased to leave theirmark on us since 1939.

"Now the question is to pro-po3e"""i6 the French as suc-cessor to Charles de Gaulle astatesman determined .to gx-ercise power and not to.dis-solve it,"

GEORGES BiBAULT, right,wing former Premier-^-"! amhostile ..:. to the ignorancein which the regime whichhas just collapsed has heldthe French. . . . However, it.is necessary that one draws

a balance sheet arid that- itbecome known How things.happened: concerning Atgerftfi °concerning Europe, con^cei1tj •''ing finance, ' conc'ern'in^ • the,force'de frappe, cbhcermn'g-the shifts in foreign - policy; -

"In the iiri'mediate 'futtife;:.[national] 'recoflc'iliatio'h •be''j-gins With Vigilance." • •' i5

•WALDECK ROCHET;' Serji" 'retary General of the French'',

• Communist party—"The .de-feat of Gaullism in tlie'refer-'endum'is' a striking'-testihioriy '_'-;:

to the rise of tlie' pbvver-ipf. '""workers and dembb'rats whose ''•''vote make up the- hard -cbrfe'-"pf the 'noes.'

':BidaultPictorial Parade

Camera Press-Pix

. Rochet !:' '• ii

"The victory of the • 'no'and. the resignation of: thePresident of the Republicsunderline the . necessity;' anrjurgency of agreement ijn ^government program -estabrlished jointly by the politicalgroupings of the Left and thetrade union and professionalorganizations.

"Such a program shouldindicate clearly the boldi-.ecolnomic, social and politicafmeasures a government of;the union of democratic

< forces would take in order to'- establish in France an;', adv'vanced democracy openingup: on socialism." -. :1

NEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 30 April 1969

A Irenchman Needs No Party to Run for Pre^ldenlBy JOHN L. HESS

Special to The New York Times

PARIS, April .29—The mak-ing of a President in France— an exercise now under wayfollowing the resignation ofGeneral de Gaulle—is quickerthan in the United States andit" is more of a battle.-.royal. ItisValso less costly;", in- time ..andmorieyV : ::,;'-,:'••"•^'•:^-'

ifiyfepdy: fpyer. .:23 years .ofage who;visas',;b'.een a Frenchcitizen fpc-;at.least five yearsmay enter the race. All heneeds to do is post a forfeitof 10,000 francs ($2,000)- andthe signatures of 100 sponsorsfrom at least '10 departmentsor territories. The sponsorsmust be elective officials—dep-uties, mayors, departmentalcouncilmen — but there are38,000 of them, and it is notdifficult for a determined manto find enough signatures.

If the candidate fails to ob-tain 5 per. cent of the totalvote in the first round; he losesthe forfeit. But if he getsper cent or more,, he collects10 times that sum,: or :$20,000for his campaign expenses.

Gets Equal Time and Space«"--trli addition, he is .entitlecto an equal share of radio ani:television time and equal spaceon election billboards.

, Technically, political "partie:i do not nominate candidates. Infact, of course, the most serious.•contenders are. designated by;;the high commands of the lead-ing parties.•VA major consideration intheir tactics is the fact'thata candidate must receive a ma-jority to be elected on the firstrPurid. If none does; the twocandidates with the' highest re-sults:; in the first round meetin a runoff two weeks later —unless one of them should with-draw in favor pf the third-place entrant.' '

In the Jast presidential ^elec-tions., in December,,1965, therewere si cgfedida|<|s.r General de

De Gaulle Reform PlanGot 47. 6% in Balloting

Special to Tht New York Times

PARIS, April .29— The finalresults of the;Er'gnpbjqferen-'.dum Sunday;-pn-|li£}de Gaulleplan . for;:;c6hstftutipriia.p'andregional 'reiqrmfwer.e as, "fol-

' ' ' ' ' '.-Registered' .-,.-.-.* ...... 29,394,456Abstaining ......... 5,832,452Voting : ........... 23,562,004Valid ballots ....... 22,910,423

ValidTotal Ballots

Yes votes. ..-aO,905:,453 47.69No. votes. ... 12,004,970' 52.40

The final Results were thetotal of the "votes in Metro-politan France and the over-seas territories. , >

The two last overseas, areasto report were the ComoroIslands,' in the Indian Ocean,and Pojynesik,: 'inv/the .SouthPacific..,.- •. ' :V: ; . , ,) :.

Gaulle',;.- Itter.rknd,t,, Je'an-Lppf's Tj::,'- - Rsiyrnpjid ^iMar

' ''

Mr.J: J^tferran'd; *hekd'; 6f/ th'e: * ' < ; 'trt<&;

. .dorsement pf .the, Cprrimupis'ts,whp:/prp'vided: 'more than' v hallof . his; -'f. irst-round., ,-yptess.,- Mr;Lecariuet was "the candidate pithe Center Democrats; or con

servative ': anti-Gaullists. Mr.Tixier.-Vignacpur' representedthe 'extreme'-, right.' The ' twoother candidates .were "folk1

.oric." -' . 'Following are ,th"e results of

the' first round:Votes ' %

De Gaulle . . . . . . . 10',828,523 44.64Mitterrand 7,694,303 31.72Lecanuet 3,777,119 15.57Tixier-Vjgnancour. 1,260,208 5.19Marcilhacy 415,018 1.71Barbu .-.,:> 279,683 1.15

the four, defeated candidatesdid not give their supportersany clear advice on how to votein the second found. As it hap-pene'd, 'these voters, generallymoderate or cbnservative, splitevenly among the two leadingcontenders. The results were:

votes %De Gaulle . . . . . . . 13,083,699 55.19Mitterrand . . 10,619,735 44.80

The great Jievvs of :the firstround was .-'that General deGaulle.had received only a plu-

y"pf .-the total vote; thethe news' of the second roundwas itha't^a.-large number ofcon.s'eyyatVe".ci,ti?ens had votedfor' a:-.candidate':'w"ho rap? withGprilmunist support rather thany'btgVfbr General' de ;Gaulle./;,($3ser,yers .haye.:''ppiri|ed ou1that ^General-'fde 'Gaulle's s per-

iance.:.>:i'gjf:S.un^ay's referen-^^ol-^ferliiplnt;—was' bet-

ter, affet atl:,?: ..than his Sfirst-round-vpe.rformance: in 1965,; al-though the^|./"''tests ; werej 'nostrictly '.'cprripar'able.'--''-: --:A-.\,...,

The more or / less ; united;;, I eftmade further gains in./tta^islative elections.--pf v!96VA- but

ts .unity was shattered by theupheavals of May a year ago •and the legislative elections ofJune, which were a debacle forthe left.

Left Federation SplitMr. Mitterrand has persisted

:n preaching a united front ofthe left, while the radicals andmany Socialist leaders lean to-ward rebuilding a "third force,"ranging from moderate con-servatives to Socialists.

The traditional conservativesare split among three blocs:Gaullists, Independent Republi-cans and Center Democrats.The Independents have in turnoeen split between those loyalto the regime, including severalCabinet ministers and a major-ity of the party's, Deputies, and•hose who havf broken'- withit, including . the" party chair-man ValSfJy 'Giscarjl d'Esjaing. .

De Gaulle's ResignationStirs Dismay Among Arabs

BEIRUT, Lebanon, April 29—Arab reaction to General deGaulle's resignation has been amixture of dismay and hopethat his pro-Arab policy willnot be discontinued by the newFrench regimeijBrench diplomats in the Arabfapital$ have been going.-/-put

ofdays to "assure /Arab " Officialsthat French friendship will en-dure. . : ' : '•' :

Informed sources, here.: -be-lieve that the French assurances'to Arab governments is? meantto check any adverse effect thatthe general's resignation mayhave.pniFrance's economic aridtrade rel.atipns.. .with';-, the j &rabcounfri^s1;t;^':;^4fr::.-:jft';<;tv:;a^ !

• • ' •.•mnj-..'.:; . •-.•f!^M^-::----- • • • • " • • "

EAST HOPES FRENCHWONTSHIFT POLICY

spedil.to Th* New-fmi TimesVIENNA, April 29 —- Press

comments today Indicate thatEastern Europe hopes for thevictory of a leftist candidate mthe French presidential elec-tions so that General deGaulle's independent foreign•"•*"-•'--~ ^"- continued.

Polish janiipers, '"-•line

view, as well as in th_ 7V-,,.^independent-minded Yugoslavpress, appeared to suggest". Aris-ing concern that even a yictpri-ous Gaullist candidate'', .'mightgradually lead France back; toactive- participation ' in v,:the;North Atlantic Teaty Organiza-tion.'- . • . . ' ' ' • ' . • . ' • ' • .:'::::-

A : theme running throughall the Eastern Europe • com-ment today was "that 'General.

NEW

f 1SBITONNATOChief of Staff Proposes a

Strategy Like Alliance's

. :{-;'• By DREW MIDDLETON•;'' : Special to The New York Times:"PARrS, April 29—The French

Chief of Staff has proposed apolicy of graduated action incooperation with the Atlantipalliance against enemies from;the-"east" . .. . .

V,In an article in the authorita-tive -Review, of National De-

. feiise, Gen. Michel Fpurquet, anair force officer, put forth pro-posals that would virtuallyalign France with the stra-tegy of flexible response toSoviet aggression adopted bythe alliance after France'swithdrawal; from the militaryorganization.

^General Fo.urquet's proposalsnioved .significantly iaway fromthe doctrine of instant nuclearretaliation.- ..The strategic ideas 'outlinedii£ the article are regarded byqualified military sources as anindication that President deGaulle was easing his opposi-tion to cooperation with the'alliance before he resigned.

;. De Gaulle Approval SeenSThe revision of French1 mili-

tary 'thinking outlined in thearticle could not have beenwritten, they said, without thegeneral's approval. Articles inthe review are written Week:before the review appears./'General Fourquet suggested

th'at France abandon the "al'..oif-nothing" strategy of employing a nulcear striking force a\thfe outset of hostilities ancshould adopt a strategy of testing the enemy with conventional ground and air forcesFrench forces in this evenshould coordinate their operatipns with; those of the alliance.the general wrote.

iA dispute over the point awhich the alliance would ustactical nuclear weapons tcompensate for a numerical inferiority in the event of a Soyiet attack was one of the issues leading to France's withdrawal of her forces in 1966General de Gaulle wanted assurances of their early^use.

-, -French sources reported -thaGeneral Fourquet • 'Jrecentlasked Gen. Lyman ft. -Leninizer Supreme Allied Gommancer; Europe,' at what point thalliance would provide: Francwith tactical nuclear .weapons' iGeneral Leminitze'r .told ,tl"French, that 'in .the.veyent; p£./{attack aii^ "--—"-toi-i:-=1;^—-^"op'eratipn^

OFG1LLISTPARWChances of Former Premier

Are-Considered Good—Defferre Likely to Ran

MAY DAY PARADE I

Union Group Cancels Ma'rqfrSaying It Fears Clashes

if Students Join In

HEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 50 April 1969

, inTwo Days,$fifferre fe. an' acknowledged] loses Its Two Princes \?nti-ebmmurast He would seekf ' ''

By HENRY TANNERSpedH to The New lock Time

PARTS, April ,29-^Forme:Premier Georges- Pompidou- today announced his candidac:for the succession to General dGaulle and immediately . re-ceived the endorsement of theUnion for the Defense of the1

Republic, the Gaullist party,The National Assembly heard

a glowing but sad tribute toGeneral de Gaulle by JacquesChaban-Delmas, its Speaker.Most of the Deputies rose in -along, subdued ovation to thegeneral. Only the Communistsand some other Deputies of theleft remained seated, theirarms folded.

. The Communist-led Gen-eral Confederation .of1 Labor,France's largest union groupannounced that it had can.Aeled the traditional May.Dajparade in Paris "to ' avert aserious provocation" .•'plannedby Gaullist opponents arid extreme .left'wing -gtudeiifr.b'rganizations.,[The National StudentsUnion said on Wednesday i*would go ahead with plans t<hold a May Day- rally/in ParisReuters re.j|ortad'.>l'" '•"' • - . ' • '

-Chances Considered&aod-•'' Mr: Pompidou is regarded as'a' formidable candidate who hasIk'-real; chance of- vanning th"election, . V .4,VjHis .opponents have until Ma;'OS'tp deciSrertfllrtiseiv.es. ..-''Itthe e'veriing<Bie..lea'derin:

of, the'' Socialist par|£:|ave .11.tentative -endcirserhe'rit''-to''i!tf

.of Gastoh£of -Mi,j etlii.,

*»!}»••. • • - , . -.,..Jk& n°i?jii-.the .ripn-.Comefiuriist..v,'.i^ftCenter, . '~^

Georges Bidautt|;;^drhi'Premier and Forei|p^;lSjmi'si;ia follower of-General .£eyGauileturned bitte ' oe';*^sphin'tea:that he might run..He;.feuld be'a candidate. 6f.;the fir -right.'He broke with the'•Gaull.ists/ov,er Algerian'independence.

Indications in CampaignSenate President._ Alain

Poher, the 'Interim' President,gave no hint today whetherhe would be a candidate. -

During the campaign for'theireferendum on- Sunday thatcaused General de Gaulle toresign, Mr. Poher indicated sev-eral tunes he might run. "Al-though he belongs to the po-

' litical center, his decision isbelieved to depend to a largeextent on what-happens on thenon-Communist .left.; • • • ' • ; •

The endorsement of ;Mr. Def-ferre by the'-'Socialist deader;ship, for instance,; ;cpnstitutesa setback for .Mr: :Poher.: ;Mc

not o* Jus lert tut onJus ngHt-T-m Mr Poher's Cen^rist territory.!i The Socialist leaders coupled.iheir endorsement of Mi1. Def^ferre with* a slap. at -the- Corriv).rnunists. The party leader, Guy;iilolle't, announted1 that theparty had decided against ac-cepting' a 'Communist offer fordiscussion of a possible joint|progra'm. •• ' '': A Presidential" ele'cK'oii; '"'Mr.Mollet >sai(l,w' .coordination.

< Mr. -Pon.er, '•£ small rotundman whoVhas cast himself inthe je'aSsurtng 'role .of a modest,Unimportant Frenchman, todaycontinued to wbrkjtfhis Senateoffice. ' He .still, 'occupiesjus apartment in the -. Senatebuilding, the historic Palais,. Lux-embourg on the edges,,of,.;the1j-atin Quarter, where "IRiche-1

lieu and Napoleon lived.;1; '/•; -He has made it known that]lie will not move into .the/Sly-1

s&e Palace :before Friday. Gen-eral de Gaulle's resignationtook -effect iat noon.,Dn.-.Monday.^bout 12 hours after -it becameclear, that the French' electoratehad rebuffed tjTe -plan for re-gional and qonititutional reform

, *;.. Specif Lo The New York Times

ROMEi April 29—Andorra.—population 1,4,408, are^-178'ft..square miles, principal jtidiis-try smuggling;—lost its fec-ohd chief of ijate in two Jays .•today, .j : .' .1'. Th'e tiny principality'at. theborder d|f France/and-. Spainis und^r .the jo.iivt sovereigntyof "co-princes," -the FrenchPresident and .the Bishop of

... •„.(„ i-.Urgel. ajain^-'who hold joint, occasiofl -forh'veto: rights' 'over the Andor-.

ran Council's decisions.Yesterday "Prince", de

Gaulle' resigned. And. todayPope;'Paul VI accepted ,theresignation, for rea'sons of

Mage; of the Most Rev. Ramon.Iglesias Navarri, Bishop of '

^Urgel. He is 80 years old, .Until the French-' electcyrate '

and Pope Paul.-provide'two-new prLrife.es, the'iAridorransmust ma^e do, wfth One tem-porary olie, Jnterirn-.PiesideritAlain Poh'er,.pf France. "'""'•

"After the decision of Presf-dent de Gaulle to renounce hismandate and .in the uncertainty

gional and consHtutional rerorm that' .PrevajlsV in - thlpcountryon which *e'' had staked -his today.-.I fhave .decided,- to «6,future. ' ''.|i On...Friday :-also -Mr."P'ohe'r, .

ill preside for the first .time. li

bounce the date of 'the PresV' :- 'jdential 'election.

i June' r -is being; '.tj-J. theinftist likely-day for

reeks ia'fer if no iaiidid'aje - ob-lins a., inajority. ,'vftte' ruribff derGaulle..;ithe twp"to.p

'; , . - , •;?". ' .-i Mr. :'Pompidou -'acted witficharacteristic speed1.'jh? -an?Ijiouricin'g-i..his candfdacy, ;:S;thisihiorriing^just befgrevthe p'ar-liamentary'.'group wt;;hjs '.p'.arijt,was to.:meet. ' j.f\°" -••'''••"

»SKf9mP'aou^' -anno-unce-'*"" j(as terse. It said; •• ,

GisearJ''' dffisnance Minister.'

Four -'bi)t of five Gisca-rdistideputiestj/jre reliably reportedto 'have'- endorsed .Mr, Bompi-'dou...Sincef.he •andiMfeGiscardd'Esraing-'^re old :eiremies,' this,cpula only1, be • interpreted as. .adisavowal.. .of;* Mr., Giscarddlfistaing. (• •-•-'•' •' ' <. Mir. Giscard d'Estaing brokewjth. thg-;. Gaullist main forceduring -the referendum .cam-paign. ' ":. '• - '

Students Affected Parade

,before -tte'. French i electorate.;' ''' " ' ' '"In tiding 'this;'" I feel 'that Tl

y duty, ..tp the,o maintain con-stability and to

for the*™mtS

,->,,r-.-r-.. m - .preparing^I'future."- .. .,;...•'- •'

^v .Mahyj-paJitiGJans and observ-irst rfftind' with"a! rSioff twSlers ydtted surprise at the terse-—*i,^ l-'£l'*. :* 1^-i;-jLi- -i- l««/.x ~t u;^ _rtc *- ^-^.^-iness of his' .reference to General,

/ In. the caucus of ,his,r.,' Pompidpu',was

.3iave sppken! ' fe?l.-irigly "6t jBis, "'deep1' sadness":';at:the.gerieraK departure. ' n1,..1i.gerieraW depi

Mr,- Pompidou • received .the.'diendorserrteht of-- Eor«ign«Mirji| |t^W- -Afl^Ti^f • .1S^UU^- ,S';i-lis#. '•&.

rniani ralh.eiv. thaii to theyppiiG'!'•cal .leaden.1 •:;,'•.. .V '-.•' ,:• ';• -'. :".'' 'Mn, .'P.o(fcipfapu';.appe-ared; f-'sured :alsoj.;<)f tHfe-.'Slippor't':,

The Confederation ofCanceled,'-the May Day: paradeafter .extreme leftist student or-ganizStibB-' 'served notice . .thatthey .planned to march' alajig-..side the. wdrlcers. This wquld;lalmost, certainly have .Ie4', %.Scuffles ajad.-perhaps.toibloody.'clashes as it did'';o'nf-3»tew-^c>.'casipns a year'agp-.--" ' "r.' Vi-^l

The anarohijt'Student-jgrdttpsregiird the Cpmmuriist- tjpw,\y-as their worst,'enenjy,'$$vviceversa.'- ' '. i" -qk •••• ,v'' .• But-the Parjs chaW^fit1 the

vconfederation fIsb^afeuseci -Hie'GUu-llists of pl'annijigitb. 'fasfer'clashes1.1 'The Chapter; saicl .jtfis"*ft Tiacfc received "specifiejjinfq]

were fprr/ied 1™,*,%*™to 'infiltrate the'parade.

.the eortimUtees', .et up inall cities -anet'.: niajdr.' t-owhsiwere the Gaullist infantry dtir-ing:"the referendum campaign.Their members': served- as .'se-curity squads .at v'Gaullistrallies.. 'arid;;'- faced lowinggroups'in."nightly clashjes ,asboth' sides" 'sought to .piit vuptheir posters and tear downthe other/side's." ..,'" .' "* '.

The'u'riions apd other 'oppi3si:tipri-'"groups that campaignE'dagairist President de Gaulle ate•deter.jniiie'd >to; thwart Gaullistftpredictions pf-jmre.st.; ': ? -'•"• '.Cancellation! p|' the tradi-aon'al.irriarch frort" the(,Place ;de'

GbuntrJ\sJlicge5t uniori'-ito make^-£sBe(:ialiy,-.,tjK£-days after theleft r-'--*''"-'1^-*''-3'"*".*''0' '--------tionl

NEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 1 May 1969

Speculators Drita Franc toLtftoer Limit and Mark, Near Allowable Peak

4l to" The New Y«rk Times

S^&pril 30^-Fresh spec-ulation jrlJuffeted Europe's' keycurrencies today as market talkof inevitable parity changes in-tensifie'd. *

There were unconfirmed ru-'mors in the London financialdistrict "that the French andWest '"German Governmentsjwere -already ^ngaged in^ deli-cate currency negotiations.

Frankfurt banking sourcesreported continued heavyforeign buying of marks, whichbrought as much as $2(10-million., into Germany, liftingestimates of the inflow sinceMonday to $500-million.

It Was Sunday's referen-iduin : defeat for : French Presi-dent de Gaulle,and his resignartioh\ on Monday that pouched'off the new round of currencyworries.' .•"/ • ' - • • . - - - ;; The' franc, protected by

stringent --exchange controls,caine under pressure' Monday,:.recovered somewhat .yesterday*jwith central-bank support, andfell, today to its lowest permis-sible level tinder the inter-national currency rules. At4.9740 rfrahcs to-the' dollar, therate is at a level unseen sincethe November franc - markcrisis,:^ whenv.^the•: French.;;and

pressure -:iy j^psu.ii^-uiaugcjK.v- ,. ::3:-TJ«i| || ffi:! |'Otiie|

hand,- pushe.d -''closer ' to -itsupper limit in'relation'to thedoO$K.: ;|Geni;an officials ,areiibw c'ohceding that they Havean uhidervalued ; currency, butthey stress. Jthey will not- re-value upward unilaterally. At3.9710 nSarks, to the dollar,the closing ;fate, was only 10points: above the permissiblehigh. -"•• ' '" :-"•: '• -,

Finance; Minister Franz-JosefStrauss iJias,1 gone'so far as ;tocite specifi6^;figu'res—8 to 10per- centr—if a .rate changecomes. He has said the Ger-manj-Governmijnt 'wants to actin concert with other nations.

f Currency jitters' 'also' affectedthe poimd, although opinion isdivided as to whether it wouldchange in a general Europeanrealignment. The pound weak-ened to $2i3855. Its lowestpermissible-level is $2.38. -

'.French reserves are continu-ing to bleed away. In the weekended April 24, they fell by$42.6.-milli6n to $3,772,000,000,the twelfth successive weeklyloss. .French prices, which roseby nearly; 6 per ce,nt last year,are up ag£iir;at ,ari- annual rate,pf. 6.4 pe'r icerii: I11 the' "first

-

HEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 1 May

Is Backed by Rival

By HENRY TANNER. Special to The NeWXiork lima

PARIS, April 30—Former Pre-mier Georges Pompidou's cam-paign for the presidency pickedup speed today.

He won the endorsement ofVal^ry Giscard d'Estaing, anold rival who was forced toscrap, or at least shelve, hisown .presidential ambitions.

It also appeared less likelythat Alain Poher, the InterimPresident, would become an ac-tive candidate. Mr. Pphef, amiddle-of-the-roader, would beone of Mr. 'Pompidou's strong-est opponents; His departurefrom the race would .vastly im-prove the former Premier'schances.

Mr. Giscard d'Estaing's deci-sion followed the defection of

leading members of his

|artyi: the Independent Republi-cans.

In making his bid for theendorsement of the Gaiillistsand the Independent "Republi-cans yesterday, Mr. Pompidou,according to some of his lis-teners stressed the theme .ofcontinuity .and underlined hisfidelity to basic Gaullist poli-cies, especially in foreign "af-fairs, while at the same timehinting at some change's. }

On foreign affairs, he isunderstood . to have indicatedkeen interest in the future ofEurope and greater flexibilityon British entry into the Com-mon Market.

On domestic 'policies -he wassaid to have stressed his in-tention to give priority to eco-nomic issues. He is reported tohave' sought to reassure thebusiness community by repeat-ing his known misgivings about"participation" of workers - inmanagement of enterprises, anavowed goal of President deGaulle... ' ::

As late as yesterday evening,Mr. Giscard d'Estaing made itplain that -if he was not a can-didate, he would prefer >Mr.Poher or Antoine Pinay, a for-mer Premier, to Mr. Pompidou.But: Mr. Pinay said in effectthat he was. riot interested'and

;> Poher remained silent, whilemany leading Independent Re-publicans openly supported Mr.Pompidou. • " - . . . . '

Having: no trump: cards leftMr. Giscard d'Estaing declaredthis .morning,, that he '/would"not be a candidate," and: thisevening his group catiie outunanimously foiv Mr. Pompidou.

Mr. Poher's aides, meanwhile,said today that .the interimPresident was not now thinkingof entering the race :and wantedto concentrate pn his presenttasks, while leaving: all' his op-tions open. ; ..'., . . . - ; • . ' ;

Small and-round, relaxed aricunheroic in. appearance; Mr.Poher has belied, at least untilnow, the image that : hostilenewspaper cartoonists havedrawn of him. : . :.

One showed him eagerly try-ing to climb up into a presiden-tial chair made for a man twicehis'size; Another; showed himstanding in front of a mirrortrying on General de Gaulle'sfar-too-large dress uniform. •

But a front-page drawing to-day in Le Canard Enchains, the'bitterly \anti-IGaullist satiricaweekly, pictured Friday's Cabi-net meeting, .at; which , MrPoher will' preside for the. firsttime:. ' -•• •':".";

It, shows the Cabinet mem-bers^ cfrom Premier Maurice

Tha New York Time*

Valery Giscard d'Estaing

Couve de Murville down, stand-ing stiffly at attention as Mr.Poher enters the room, smilingand smoking a cigar. The cap-tion is: 1 "At ease," implyingthat, after 11 years of Generade Gaulle, more civilian-mindectimes have finally arrived.

Today, Mr. Poher called irPierre de Leusse, the..head 01the commission that .supervisesthe government-run radio anctelevision network and ; isunderstood to have" pressedsharply for greater objectivityin political reporting.

Programs Are Suspended.Later, the netw.prk an-

nounced that several programsthat'had been under attack fora partisan Gaullist':.'approachwould be suspended until: afterthe. election. : •

Also today, the Interior Min-istry, banned all May,: Day parades arid political demonstrations in Paris tomorrow.. Yesterday, the. -. Comihunist

led Gerieral Confederation oLabor canceled.: its traditionaMay Day parader; from theBastille to the Place de la Republique. The .'• union said iwas doing so/b^cause it hac"precise information." that bothGau'lliss and V anarchists intended to provoke clashes.

Other groups,; including thFrench' Student Union, followeeup today by canceling thei:parade plans.

'The students, however, criticized the Government's banand-called a meeting at theCit£ Universitaire,' an interriationalj campus of dormitories onthe "i southern outskirts of-Paris"to dispuss the.••political situation.""f''••""- ;fc • • ' ; ; - • :>-:,:'' ;

Friday, 2 May 1969

.

Unions Hold Rallies Indoors—Police Out in Force

By HENRY TANNERv Special to The New Yorfc Times

-••- PARIS, May 1. '•— Post-de-'Gaulle France passed a test

as May Day, a poten-dangerous time, came

-.off without major violence any-. where in the country.i;.-; The achievement was due to^-tacit cooperation between left-%ing union leaders and a man"they hate-^Raymond Marcellin,Tfhe Interior Minister of the'^lame-duck Gaullist Govern-i-ment. ' , . . - , ,ai'The, unions refrained inNearly all major cities fromstaging • their traditional May

'iJay parades and .held small^indoor rallies instead.jjli Mr.' Marcellin,- an outspoken"and tough enforcer of law andorder,. deployed - police in- dem-

>onstrative strength wherever. there was a threat of trouble.1., The only disturbances were^caused by small bands of anar-Jchist and other revolutionary'"students who made -quick ap-jpearances here and there in theCapital, 'brandishing red aridiblack flags and shouting slo-'gans against both the Gaullists.and the organized Left. Thestudents quickly dispersedwhen^the police arrived. ;-in _

is;'- Reasons for Cancellation£': The unions 'canceled their^•parades after it became clear'-that -the small revolutionary."•Student groups were deter-''ffiined to join the marchers,jraisirig the threat of- uglyjclashes. The Communist-lediConfederation,of Labor, whichjwas the first to decide oh can-jcellation, also charged thatjfcraullist commandos planned toanfiltrate the'march.ij The unions, along with'all theiother political formations that[voted "no" in Sunday's refer-•endum, bringing about Presi-Ijdent •_ de Gaulle's resignation,?have a supreme interest inShowing that Gaullist predic-ftions of social turmoil were u" '{founded. . . . .ji • Mr. Marcellin',- acting afterijthe unions; had made their, deci-|;sipn, banned all May Day dem-upnstrations in Paris, thus mak-|:ing it impossible for the ex->:tremist students .to paradeTalone. '. :

May Day is normally a time

-'marched every year since the;lend of World War II, the airjijshould have been filled with'(•the1 strains of the "Interna-|tionale." :

ji Left's Weakness Reflected '{f Today's .quiet on the empty'jbouleyards was a measure of•:the disarray and the weaknessi of the French Left." The left-wing parties have;;not been* buoyed by the unex-?pected victory of the Oppo-sition over General de Gaulle.|]This victory,'in, fact, .was .farjjless due to the Left than topthe middle-class, middle -of-thenroad voters who deserted theI'general after' having supportedjjhim for 11 years.,j Two moire members of theiJLeft announced their candi-jjdacies for the presidency to--day. Neither has a serious[Jchance, but each will help toKsplit the leftist vote.' :.';-!; One was Alain Savaryv aNSl-year-oId dissident Socialist,Fwhose resistance record during,jthe war was so brilliant that[•he was named a member offjthe very select order of Gen-';eral de Gaulle's Compagnons]] de la Liberation.j! The other was Michel Rocard,i;36-year-old head of the United^Socialist party, a small group''appealing mainly to intellectu-ials who despise what they callJ|the petit bourgeois characteriiof the Socialist party and thei; bureaucratic totalitarianism oflithe Communists.i!h Defferre Also Candidatej; The first left-wing figure toh announce- his candidacy was[iGaston Defferre,. the Mayor ofii Marseilles. _A Socialist, he re-ijceiyed the endorsement of thej!Socialist party but has. yet to;| negotiate , for the support ofij other non-Communist leftist|j groups.'i Mr. Defferre is an avowedp anti-Communist and his pres-||ence in the race would precludeiitlie possibility that Commu-jinists and non-Communists coul_djjunite behind a single candi-

Ij, The Communists would then[jhave to put up a candidatefjof their own. They are reluctantfjto do so, it is believed, because;|they.are apt to fare, worse in[|a presidential election than they^normally do in legislative elec-'itions, in which they are assuredIjof about a 'fifth of the total(ivotes on the average.jj Guy Mollet, the leader ofI] the Socialist party, today un-|i derlined the split between the(| Communist and non-Com-limunist left by rejecting—for•'the second,,.dmean three;rdaysjj-r^ : Cbrnffiun^t'^rbiJOspt^for

ijOf^jpintvjjrogjjam.

NEW YORKftf MMES, Saturday, 5 May 1969r ,-r tfKv^\V.--w»J®«3'tl.k'"-'"-^LKBOx-^a. ! • » * • „

tZMii"••. -U:l-:^:^ > .- i SSK^^^S^S iSi

..French •ambassadors .almost

, - every where--;..- were /:: reporting"deepr:a|id sincere regret," hesaid, :adding;that only.;the .e'riemies- of IFrance. were rejoicing.'To sum it up, France suffereda - defeat last Sunday," ; Mr.

: Debre. told tile ministers andri' Pohe'r,. Tvho- ihad .been a

..the'.:.Gaullist

: ' • • , , - • ' ' '. '."' ' ' ' ; ' ' 'V ;:'; y;'HENRY;;TA.NNER>" y""'"' '" '5:,.',, ''"'' •• : ' ' ' - / ' : x.-.-••. •-. ' " -:'Sj>Miai"ito Th« New;Yirk Times ": .. . ' . - i 1 ' :

: "•'-'^PARIS, May 2^th£ ;French Cabinet, meeting-today forthe.;;first thflp :under^the:.cM^:AiainrPqher,;;"fixedi:Jurie.,]b'; 'as;:they;date 'for' the ptiesidehtiall:electfoni:' I^^no7carididate:>'6btaijis-a: majority, Aa xunciff:'will:

j:b'e;'fieid\t^b:-^ee.'%l3t0ir:;>;--':.'":';>;5.^:-<:;•:rj'v'v,v^;-;":^; -v v :-- ; "•'!•• ' ' •" ' ' ;ThV atrripspliere;at' the;-m46txni\^s^'"£^tf af^ glacial,'1!;in\the:wbrds-of \pneminister,!;witfrMr.vPoher Bitting "in the•c^air }th^ heifclieieti -X)ccupie<l|fo| ^re; ;;^an/;;l ' years,. by[General'i4e?^tau'110.:;'•';'• '•. ';. ••,. ::1:: Mauric'ev:IC6;iive-:yde Murville,the Premier, sat iii his usual.place opposite the president.Arid two stalwart Gaullists, theForeign Minister, ;Michel Debrg,and the Culture.Minister, AndrgMalraux, flanked Mr. Poher.

The tension between: the1 In-terim 'President aiid • the: 30Gaullist ministers was clearlyexpressed -in-,-the' official textsthat were published.''< •, ' • '

Mr. Poher first spoke of thejifgreat Frenchman" who hadiipreceded him,:fe the presiden;

^ &$$§$!$&i^ie ' witisi

but ; h6;"SuiiSe|t:; ;d|ffieuityj':contrary to "excessive"; -state-.ments—^an allusion to predic-tions of turmoil, by PremierCouve de Murville and virtuallyall the ministers present, duringthe campaign leading to lastSunday's national referendum.

Thenj in what sounded al-most like a warning,; he said'he was;"duty-bound to advise'

• the. -ministeris - that; his,; primefunction; .as. In'terim-; Presidentwas to "assure the^.Goyernment'sJmpartiality' in tlie' forthcoming"election:- • , - ' / - . v .',;• • , " , ' • • - ' - • '. Mr."I3ebre, -in 'a. report-, on,foreign • affairs,'," 'said::; .-"The1

/week's oiily notable 'event onthe international scene was, thedeparture.• :,'.of ..General' • .dei

;t.; Ih: a sharpr=iebuke later in-.the -dayj^Mj-.^Poher's1- office ;is-•^sufidi/a^^iaitSment saying' that'the Interim'President had beenunder the impression that thedeliberations of the Cabinetwere secret and could not bedisclosed by the ministers.

For a decade, Gaullist min-isters had always kept strictsilence, at least in.public. TheInformation Minister would is-

! sue .an authorized report to the[ press—after first checking withI President -de 'Gaulle on whati could be made public.

'Some of the ministers ex-pressed their bitterness todayin statements to reporters asthey l..eft' the ElysSe Palace.

Philippe Dechartre, thebearded : State'' Secretary forHousing /said:;.:/'When General

:,d6i:CaSfle'::'preSiaed,:at^a Cabi-:ifet; mefeting^-'hisfory-rwas: ..al-ways-.'present .T,h'is.-;ig,'not thecase, today..-. r;^- ''*-£;£;;;£,.

.spread^ ;Ws-' arms =as";-fie'' said^WK| i j ; s I ; tellvypu: that youcan' . .

Poher drove to the Ely-s6e Palace for the Cabinet meet-ing. He still lives and works inithe, Luxembourg Palace, theseat of the Senate,, of whichhe is president. , , " '

Praise for PompidouFormer Premier ijepfges Pom-

pidou, :f meanwhile,/? was hailedtoday ',:;for his views on freeenterprise by Le Nouveau Jour-nal, a financial newspaper thatreflects the business and finan-cial community's attitudes.

Under; a four-column front-page headline, "The Credo- of a'Liberal' Pompidou," the news-paper reprinted long excerptsfrom a speech Mr. Pompidoumade last February before anaudience of business leadersThis was in effect his firscampaign speech, the newspaper said. ,

It quote.d him as having defended the "law of profit," ancas haying, said that "there carbe no' social policy except to thextent;. . .that the companiehave -already earned moneyin France a company :that imaking money is of ten; a priori suspect. It is in the gen-eral interest that our concernincrease their.profits."

1 ''French:,. . taxation hareached the limit of what ibearable,"-1 the newspaper quo)ed •" Mr. Pompidou as havinsaid; . ' . ; , ' .. The Gaullist candidate atcalled on^ "the 'state to loose.its hold on the economy, insted ojjconstantly seeking tdirect and control it."

business community, oto' fav'

THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDA Y, MAY S-J96 '' jff|

Mayor Is Selected

After a Party Reversal

I jj h. . ;PARI^, Monday, May 5r (Reu-

ters) — The French Socialistparty early today chose MayorGaston Defferre of Marseilles asits candidate for the presiden-tial election June 1.

\ The'decision—which'came at'the end of a long and at timeschaotic meeting —was carriedby 2,032 votes, with 227 againstMr. Defferre. The vote followedthe decision of Alain Savary towithdraw from the contest.

The selection •- came afterthe party voted 1,574 to 1,567to consult with other left-winggroups before naming its can-didate immediately.

'As 'soon as the results of sec-

Fflitterand Won't Run for \

President in Jane I Vole

Gaston Defferre

cond vote on consulting with ™oud'?d "°

"ther leftist, parties were an- |canaiaal:e-.unced Mr. Savary withdrew

his candidacy.The second vote on consult-

ing with other leftists hadcome as a result of a demandby Mr. Defferre, \yho had.xom-plained that the first vote wasirregular. He had said that ifthe .second vote echoed the firstone -he, would withdraw, but onthe second /ballot delegatesvotedI..l,£i5 to 1,500 to select acandidate immediately. Therewere' 176': abstentions.

The .marathon session, whichbegan, yesterday morning, hadbeen "expected to select eitherMr. Defferre or' Mr. Savary.

The decision to pick a candi-date came after Francois Mit-terrand, who won 45 per cent .ofthe vot_e against President deGaulle in the last presidentialelection in 1965, announcedyesterday that he would not bea candidate this. time.

would not be a presidential

Periodically, representativesof the two groups left theirrespective congresses to driveinto 'Paris and discuss the pos-sibility of backing . ine samepresidential candidate. Bvj.-lateevening it appeared that thenegotiations were fruitless.

The 'Socialists today changed ttheir^name, and will 'be known |from now on simply as the So-|cialist party. Up till now their]ful l name' was Parti SocialisteiS.F.I.O. — the initials standing|for Section Francaise de 'L'ln-ternationale Ouvriere. The par-ty was founded in 1905 underthe Second International.

The idea or a Broadly basednew Socialist party was first

forth last after!

'Mitterrand Won't Run

candidate.The attack emphasized the

division and disarray amongthe French left. The divisionwas even geographically ap-parent.

Mr, Mitterrand's small Con>vention party held its congressin the modest residential sub-urb of- St. Gratien just north ofParis. The Socialists met onthe southeastern fringe of thecity, in the working-class sub-urb -of Alfortville.

|JUl- 1 LJ1 til JOJL O U 1 1 J 1 1 1C1 , O.1 LCI

the devasting defeat of the leftin the legislative elections. Thehope was to form one strongnon-Communist leftist party.So far, this hope has failed tomaterialize — only a few smallsplinter groups declared theiradherence today.

Mr. Mitterrand, from theother side of town, denouncedthe new party as "nonexistent"and said his .group would notjoin. " ,

« r\S-

: -PARIS, May 4^-Francois Mitvterand attkeke'd some of his fel-low .leaders,, of .the French 'lefttoday-' |n announcing;;' that' .he

NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 6 Mav 1Q6Q

]Fremh Reds Select Duclos to Oppose PomBy HENRY TANNERSp«Stl to Thi N«w York Times

PARIS, May 5 — The Com-munists today named JacquesDuclos, a 72-year-old partyfunctionary, as their candidatefor president of France:

The choice and the way inwhich it came about illustratesthe disarray into which theFrench Left, both Communistand non-Communist, finds itselfa week after participating prom-inently in the opposition'svictory over General, de Gaulle.

The Communist party's cen-tral .committee. announced itsmove immediately. after- • abpr-

Gaulle in 1965, still is pushing!or such a compromise.

But a compromise is so un-.ikely that Le Monde, France'seading newspaper, conceded/ictory today to Georges Pompi-dou, the Gaullist candidate. Thequestion is no longer whetherWr. Pompidou wins the election,>ut "whether he wins it in thefirst round," wrote PierreViansson-PonteV the paper'seading political correspondent.

It is not only the divisionof the Left that plays into Mr.Pompidou's hands but also the

- ' • (- xAssociated PresiJacques Duclos

tiye last-minute 'negotiationswith the Socialists on a possiblesingle candidate for the entireLeft. . ; . :::; • . • ' ' • • • • - . . . '

Mr. 'Duclos is regarded as a.candidateiwho was chosen.forhis appeal , to faithful pa^tymembers''plily. He is not likelyto win the :Communists>':ahyvotes either among leftist in-tellectuals.' and ; white-edilarworkers o£ among non-ComniU;nistworkm'en. r '.-•^'V-., "A candidate of resig'hatiim,perhaps consolidation, Jbut "notof • electoral conquest,";: an'' ,isx-pert in French Communist ;af-

[ fairs called Mr. Duclos 'n. Mr Duclos's entry mi

t|3ie votes^of the Ler^ccounts for the bujv opposition to the Gau .be split between (M[r,and Gaston Defferre,'tli riist Mayor of Marseilles, who "re-ceived the endorsement of^hisparty early today

The deadline for registrationof candidates is still a weekoff, theoretically giving theCommunists and non-Cornmu-just leftists time to agree on,

swho would repre-ltire *

absence, so far, of a moderatenonleftist candidate who wouldcompete with him for the voteof the middle classes.

Alain Poher, the interim pres-ident, could be such a candi-date, but he appeared to bereluctant. He announced todayhe would make his decision atthe end of the week.

Mr. Poher would be a dan-gerous opponent for Mr. Pom-pidou. His • reluctance to runis based- on the fact that Mr.Defferre, though a Socialist, isan avowed anti-Communist and

will necessarily have to lookfor votes on his right—namelyin the center of the politicalspectrum where Mr. Poher'sstrength would be. Mr. Poheris hemmed in, on his left-byMr. Defferre and on his rightby Mr. Pompidou.

No other Centrist politicianis showing any desire to enterthe race. Most of the Cen-trist leaders, like Jacques Du-hamel, appear to be maneuver-ing for a Cabinet'post'or otherawards in a future" Pompidouregime. " fy'n-^n. roasii.

.. . , l ^ , r - .;<!,,. t.i-.',.':,„. 4

NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 6 May 1969

i'Kf«wivi?!»«s[ i-s^-j. '-1 , ft« *i » *is ^r-i

urope After de GaullePrime Minister Wilson struck the right note at the

twentieth anniversary meeting of the Council of.Europe. .He reiterated Britain's determination to jointhe European -Community and pro]ected a larger,stronger Western Europe, speaking with "a moreunited voice-in the affairs of. the world."

Some of Britain's .continental allies had hoped Mr.Wilson would go further - on this occasion and demandearly admission to the.Common:;Market, but such aplea, might have; backfired. It would 'have seemed toopatent art effort to. take-.. advantage: of President de•Gaujle's exit and the resulting time of uncertainty,a n d adjustment f o r France.,:- i V " \

The better strategyifor^:Britain is to. continue toprove itself a "good European" in every possible way,while awaiting a -signal Jrqnl its European .allies, andpreferably from, Francej on the right:irioment to;renewan active bid for Community membership. I/Ir. Wilson'semphasis ,on European unity and, influence is a goodbeginning. Another is Britain's bitffor private'bilateraltalks with France on Europe's .future^r-a;, bid.madebefore de Gaulle's departure. ".. ' : . [ - '* ' . ] " • / . \

The best sign that Britain's wait may Snot be over-longi cam? from f6rnier Pfemier Georges^Pompidou inhis ifirst stateipeitittd the'Gaullist party as a Presiden-tial candidate. He said^the question of British member-ship; "should :'be're-examinedi" No .other serious Presi-dential .candidate., will; seek to:, maintain General deGaulle's bar:tqrBritish entry if the Gaullist homiheehimself shows new flexibility on -ithe question.'.:,

If:Britain.;is.right not to make demands bii Franc?:in this period, so will Washington be well advised notto mpy.e;overswiftly toward resurrecting any variant,of John .FJ Kennedy's "Grand Design" for Atlanticcooperationf or toward'/^integration of French forcesin a NATO alliance" still under American leadershipif not domination. , -

The fact is': that 'even before General de Gaulle'sdeparture, iFraiice' defense ^policy had undergone adramatic reversal—away from go-it-alone reliance ojti

•^massive nuclear, retaliation' back toward priority fora graduated response to any Soviet blow; at WesternEurope "in the closest coordination" with the NATOallies. If France wishes at any ;time to move from"closest.coordination" back to integration, the initia-tive should come from Paris. ^, _, Washington can help most by concenlratnig on dis-

* \ ~ V.'creee moves to shore up the alliance; In doing so itmight bear in mind that when General de Gaullespoke, as he sometimes did, of a ("European Europe"standing as an equal partner of the United States, hestruck a responsive chord even among Europeans

vlmplacably opposed to,most/of^his pqlicles. i^ ' ^ .. . • : ' _ : . . ' , _ ^ _ . _ ^ o-

NNNNNOR 63 5CK 1645

NOR 63 6 EPD5441646 ! NIGHTLEAD MIDEAST (CHANGING DATELINE)!

BY REUTERS(UNDATED). , , JORDANIAN AND ISRAELI FORCES TODAY (MONDAY)

EXCHANGED TIRE IN THE NORTHERN JORDAN VALLEY AS ISRAELIS ANDEGYPTIANS SHELLED EACH OTHER ACROSS THE SUEZ C A N A L .

THERE WERE NO JORDANIAN CASUALTIES IN THE JORDAN" VALLEYDUELS FORU MILES SOUTH OF THE SEA OF GALILEE AND IN THE AL-MANS^IYAAND AL-BAQOURA AREAS, ACCORDING TO A MILITARY SPOKESMAN IN AMMAN,

HE SAID THE ISRAELIS INITIATED FIRING IN BOTH CASES,A MILITARY SPOKESMAN IN CAIRO SAID ISRAELI FORCES OPENED UP

TANK AND SMALL ARMS FIRE MONDAY AGAINST EGYPTIAN POSITIONS ATVARIOUS POINTS ALONG THE SUEZ CANAL,

ONE ISRAELI SOLDIER WAS WOUNDED DURING A BRIEF EXCHANGEOF FIRE BETWEEN ISRAELI AND SYRIAN TROOPS IN THE GOLAN HEIGHTS,HE SAID,

LEBANESE POLITICAL LEADERS MET MONDAY WITH PRESIDENT CHARLESHELOU TO THRASH OUT A POLICY TOWARD PALESTINIAN COMMANDOSWHO USE LEBANON AS A SPRINGBOARD FOR ATTACKS A G A I N S T ISRAEL,

THE GOVERNMENT OF PREMIER RASHID KARAMI RESIGNED F R I D A YAFTER CLASHES BETWEEN SECURITY FORCES AND DEMONSTRATORS WHOWANT AN END TO GOVERNMENT RESTRAINTS ON THE COMMANDOS,

AT LEAST 15 PERSONS WERE KILLED IN THE CLASHES AND A STATEOF EMERGENCY WAS DECLARED FROM WEDNESDAY UNTIL M I D N I G H T SUNDAY.

KMORE) ( A H D ) RC/WP

NNNNNOR 637 EPD5451650 : GIST ADD UNDATED NIGHTLEAD MIDEAST;

X X X SUNDAY.FRENCH PRESIDENT CHARLES DE GAULLE'S RESIGNATION MONDAY RAISED

A LARGE QUESTION AT THE UNITED NATIONS. .ABOUT THE BIG FOUR M I D D L EEAST PEACE TALKS.

U,N, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE U.S., RUSSIA, BRITAIN AND FRANCEARE SCHEDULED TO CONDUCT THEIR SIXTH MEETING TUESDAY AT T"ESOVIET MISSION.

OBSERVRS.SAID THE COURSE OF THE SESSIONS WAS VIRTUALLYCERTAIN TO BE AFFECTED BY DE GAULLE'S DEPARTURE.

REUTERS (AHD) RC/WP

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