title of presentation - unece...london, 1995 international stakeholders international stakeholders...
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Complex Projects and Issues:Complex Projects and Issues:Implementing the Principles of the Implementing the Principles of the
Espoo ConventionEspoo Convention
Elizabeth SmithElizabeth SmithEBRDEBRD
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Types of complex projects / issuesTypes of complex projects / issues
1. Transboundary projects by design, agreed by both parties (e.g., major pipeline)
2. Potential for transboundary incidents (e.g., oil export terminal), where one or more countries involved have not ratified the Convention.
3. Additional Stakeholder interest.
4. Summary recommendations.
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1. Baku1. Baku--TbilisiTbilisi--CeyhanCeyhan Pipeline (BTC)Pipeline (BTC)
Transboundary by design
BTC Co. includes BP, the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR), Unocal, Statoil, TPAO, Itochu, Delta Hess and ENI.
1760 km Oil Pipeline from Caspian to Mediterranean– Azerbaijan = 442km
– Georgia = 248km
– Turkey = 1060km
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Route of BTCRoute of BTC
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Pipelines across GeorgiaPipelines across Georgia--BTCBTC
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BTC TimelineBTC Timeline
1999 Intergovernmental Agreement
2000 Host Government Agreements
2003 EIA and public consultation
2004 Construction
2006 First oil shipment at Ceyhan
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Governmental AgreementsGovernmental Agreements--BTCBTC
Intergovernmental Agreement--five years before construction.
Sets uniform and clearly identified technical, safety and environmental standards in accordance with international standards and practices.
Separate Host Government Agreements with each country further elaborate technical, safety, and environmental standards.
All made public.
Included requirements for international ESIA and public consultation.
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ESIAsESIAs--BTCBTC
Individual ESIAs for each country (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey).
Information made available in Azeri, Russian, Georgian, Turkish, and English. Some information in Kurdish.
All documents, including governmental agreements, independent reports, put on website for international stakeholders, in capitals, and in primary lenders’ offices.
Documents also made available along pipeline route. Direct consultation with any stakeholders living in proximity of pipeline route.
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2. Sakhalin 2 Phase 22. Sakhalin 2 Phase 2
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Sakhalin 2 facilitiesSakhalin 2 facilities
LNG, Oil Terminal
Oil platforms
Gas platform
• Off-shore platforms • 800km pipelines • LNG plant (9.6mt/y)• Pumping stations• Tanker facilities
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Infrastructure upgrades (Sakhalin 2)Infrastructure upgrades (Sakhalin 2)
Roads
Bridges
Airport
Waste facilities
Hospital
Construction camps
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Espoo relevanceEspoo relevance--Sakhalin 2Sakhalin 2
Russia has not ratified Convention.
Japan is not a member of UNECE.
Project Oil Loading facility and LNG plant 40km from coast of Japan.
The project has the commitment to the spirit and principles of the Espoo Convention, regardless of status of signing or ratification.
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Meeting the spirit of EspooMeeting the spirit of Espoo----Sakhalin 2 Phase 2Sakhalin 2 Phase 2
Russian EIA
International ESIA
Addenda on a number of issues, including spill response, transboundary impacts
Additional work on migratory species that are considered endangered, such as Western Gray Whale and Steller’sSea Eagles
ESIAs put in libraries on Sakhalin Island, Moscow, in Hokkaido and Tokyo, and notification via newspaper and website in Russia and Japan.
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Transboundary ConsultationTransboundary Consultation--Sak2Sak2Stakeholders in Japan identified in Stakeholder Disclosure and Consultation PlanJapanese experts consulted on migratory species (e.g., Steller’s Sea Eagle) and spill response.Public and special topic meetings held on Hokkaido and in Tokyo.Reports on transboundary issues (e.g., spill response) in Japanese, executive summaries. Consultation with authorities in Hokkaido, fishing communities along coast.Complaint mechanism translated into Japanese, hotline includes telephone number to a Japanese speaker.
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3. Complex projects attract interest3. Complex projects attract interest
Stakeholders in Country of Origin
Stakeholders in Affected Countrybut also…
International stakeholders regarding specific issues (e.g., extractive industries, nuclear, poverty alleviation, human rights)
Focus can be the countries who support the project, the financers, insurers as well as the project developer.
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Stakeholders from regionStakeholders from region
Protest against EBRD financing of Sakhalin 2 Phase 2
Korsakov, Sakhalin Island, 2006
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Protest against EBRD financing of Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant in Slovakia. London, 1995
International stakeholdersInternational stakeholders
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International StakeholdersInternational Stakeholders
Protest against BTC, London 2004
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4. Summary4. SummaryIntergovernmental agreements need to be worked out in advance, and can agree on technical standards, environment, safety.
In our experience, most Espoo notifications do not receive a response from the Affected Country. Formally, the Convention does not require further actions in this situation. However, we often find that the stakeholders in the Affected Country would like to get information and be consulted, particularly on complex projects. We recommend that Stakeholder Engagement Plans, Grievance Procedures should be translated in Affected Country’s language and contacts provided.
Focus of translation and consultation in Affected Country shouldbe on transboundary impacts—the principles can be equivalent, but content will likely differ from that in host country.
Mega-projects will likely attract additional stakeholder groups from international community, NGOs.
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Contact detailsContact details
Elizabeth SmithEnvironment and Sustainability Department
EBRD
Tel. +44 207 338 6504