tkd in a hurry

‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express

consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

A Run-Through Of Taekwon-do by Khaldun Redza, 5th Dan Black Belt



TAEKWONTAEKWONTAEKWONTAEKWON----DO IN A HURRYDO IN A HURRYDO IN A HURRYDO IN A HURRY – by Khaldun Redza

1. Introduction

2. Definition Of Taekwon-Do

3. History of Taekwon-Do

4. Philosophy Of Taekwon-Do

5. Dynamics Of Taekwon-Do

6. Patterns

7. Grading

8. Belt System : History, Meaning

9. Terminologies

10. Code Of Conduct

I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, I do and I understand - Confucius



1. INTRODUCTION

There are countless websites, tons of literature and numerous resources from which the avid

student can derive in-depth and exhaustive information on every aspect of the Art and

Science of Taekwon-do.

It is not my intention to add to the library or to pile one more dossier to the already massive

mound. For more detailed data serious seekers will be well advised to direct their research to

reliable and comprehensive sources of reference such as:-

i. Wikipedia Encyclopedia at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo

ii. www.itf-information.com; www.worldtaekwondo.com; www.tkd-itf.org; www.itftkd.org;

www.gtftaekwondo.com; www.wtf.org; www.mgtf.org.my,

iii. Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do Vol. 1-15 by Gen Choi Hong Hi

iv. Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts by Donn F. Draeger and Robert W. Smith

v. History Of Taekwon-Do by Master Choong Teck Hoong, PSTA

.. to list a few.

No, this page is designed and aimed at providing the novice, beginner, prospective student or

the uninitiated with a brief and quick overview of the What? Why? When? Who? and How?

of TKD in a nutshell, all within one hurried reading. I have endeavored to keep the contents

objective, apolitical and universal.

I hope that you’ll find this page useful and informative. Happy reading. - KR



2. DEFINITION OF TAEKWON-DO

� Taekwon-do is a Korean martial art and national sport.

� It is the world’s most popular martial arts in terms of

number of practitioners. It is practiced in 188 countries

by 70 million exponents and 4 million individual

black belts throughout the world.

� Though Taekwon-do is one word in Korean, the English

spelling breaks it into 3 parts which literally means,

Tae … foot, leg, to step on, jumping or flying, to kick or smash with the foot;

Kwon… fist or fight i.e. to punch or destroy with the hand or fist;

Do… art, way or discipline.

� Collectively the word means “The Way or

Art of the Foot and Fist” and the concept

denotes:-

i. “...the mental training and the techniques

of unarmed combat for self-defense as

well as health involving the skilled

application of punches, kicks, blocks, and

dodges with bare hands and feet to the

rapid destruction of the moving

opponent/s.” - Encyclopedia of

Taekwon-Do.

ii. “…the right way of using the fists and

feet, or all parts of the body represented

by fists and feet…to control or calm

down fights and keep the peace.” In

other words “…to put fists under control

or to step on fist” in order “… to stop

fights and help to build a better and more

peaceful world. “ -

www.worldtaekwondo.com

iii. “..an empty-hand combat form that entails

the use of the whole body... It is more than a mere physical fighting skill, representing as

it does a way of thinking and a pattern of life requiring strict discipline. It is a system of

training both the mind and the body in which great emphasis is placed on the

development of the trainee's moral character." - Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts



3. HISTORY OF TAEKWON-DO

I. ANCIENT - 50 B.C. to 668 A.D.

An old painting of men practicing Taekkyon as spectators watch

This is one of the Kumgang statues.

BIRTH OF KOREAN MARTIAL ARTS

i. Ancient Korea was divided into 3 kingdoms i.e. Silla (57

B.C. – 935 A.D.) in the South; Koguryo (37 B.C. – 668

A.D.) in the north; and Paekche (18 B.C. – 600 A.D.) in the

SW of the Korean peninsula.

ii. Sonbae, a strong warrior corp in Koguryo who were entrusted to protect the kingdom from northern oppression had practiced Taekkyeon, a leg-oriented form of fighting, and Sirum, Korean wrestling. They also practiced Kwonbop, an ancient Chinese martial arts.

iii. Taekkyeon was later taught by the early masters from Koguryo to young warriors in the Silla Kingdom called Hwarangdo (the way of flowering youth / manhood), who were sons of royalty, to help protect against invasions by the neighboring kingdoms and attacks by Japanese pirates.

iv. Silla’s influence added Subak (hand techniques) into the

martial art form and Taekkyeon or Subakhdo became a

more complete foot and hand fighting system.

v. Although not as widely known, the Paekche kingdom in the SW of the peninsula had the Soo Sa warrior corp that practiced SooByeokTa, another predecessor of modern TKD.

700 years



II. MODERN – 668 A.D. to 1910

Soldier's uniforms from Koguryo, Silla, and Baekjae.

General Chung-Mu from the Yi Dynasty.

He was known for his undying loyalty to the king, and he also invented the precursor to today's

submarine.

GROWTH OF SUBAKHDO

i. The Hwarangdo were responsible for the spread of

Taekkyon/Subakhdo throughout the Korean peninsula,

and for the unification of the 3 kingdoms under the Silla

Dynasty (668AD – 935AD) in 668 A.D.

ii. The honor code of the Hwarang i.e. loyalty, filial duty,

trustworthiness, valor and justice is the philosophical

foundation of modern TKD.

iii. The name Taekkyon was later changed to Subak Gi or

Subakh Do during the Koryo Dynasty (935AD –

1392AD). The art was systematically developed into

primarily a lethal military fighting art.

iv. Anyone who overcame 3 opponents in Subakhi

(contests) were immediately recruited as military officers.

Plain soldiers who mastered it’s techniques were

promoted to Generals.

v. During the Yi or Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910), experts in

Subakhdo and Sirum were enlisted as soldiers.

vi. At this time, Confucianism spread into the martial art,

and as the higher class became more engrossed with

cultural pursuits i.e. poetry and music, Subakhdo became

the domain of the common or inferior man.

1300 years



III. PRESENT - 1910 to 2008

Gen Choi Hong Hi

Statue of Kumkang-Yuksa, a famous Korean

warrior, found in a stone cave in Sukulam

Maj. Nam Tae Hi

EMERGENCE OF TAEKWON-DO

i. Japan occupied Korea from 1910 – 1945.

ii. This was a sad period in Korean history.

iii. Korean culture, including martial arts was erased.

However Soobakh, Taekkyon, Kong Soo and Hwa Soo

were still practiced and passed down in secret.

iv. During this period Koreans, amongst whom was a

Taekkyon exponent and the future “Father of Taekwon-

do”, 2nd

Lieutenant Choi Hong Hi, had studied

Japanese martial arts such as Karate. He had acquired a

2nd

Dan in Shotokan Karate.

v. After WW2, there was a resurgence of Korean Martial

Arts. Numerous schools (kwans) arose i.e. Chung Do

Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Oh Do Kwan, Yun Moo Kwan,

Chang Moo Kwan, Ji Do Kwan, Chi Do Kwan and Song

Moo Kwan.

vi. Maj. General Choi Hong Hi established Oh Do Kwan.

Together with Major Nam Tae Hi of Chung Do Kwan they

merged the 2 schools, formalized TKD techniques and

started teaching it in the army. Gen Choi’s personal style

is the Chung Han or Blue Cottage.

vii. 11 April 1955 - the birth date of TKD, all Kwans were

united under the name proposed by Gen Choi Hon Hi,

Tae Kwon Do. Other names suggested were Tae Soo

Do, Tang Soo Do and Kong Soo Do. The name

Taekwon-do was endorsed by President Rhee Seung

Man.

viii. 1959 - Gen. Choi was elected the 1st President of

Korean Taekwon-Do Association (KTA.). Together

with Major Nam Tae Hi and 18 instructors he spread the

art to all universities, military outposts and internationally.

ix. 1962 - TKD came to our shores during Gen Choi’s tenure

as Korean Ambassador to Malaysia.

x. 22 March 1966 - Gen. Choi resigned from the KTA and

established the International TKD Federation (ITF)

which relocated its base to Canada to ensure its political



GM Park Jung Tae

impartiality. The ITF had 9 founding members i.e.

Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, West Germany, USA,

Turkey, United Arab Republic, Italy and Korea.

xi. 28 May 1973 - KTA became the World Tae Kwon Do

Federation with its HQ in Seoul, Korea.

xii. June 14 1990 - GM Park Jung Tae, Sec-Gen of the

ITF, founded the Global Taekwon-Do Federation (GTF)

with 78 countries under its banner.

xiii. September 2000 - TKD and Triathlon were adopted as

an Olympic sport at the 27th

Olympiad in Sydney,

Australia.

xiv. 2002 – Upon Gen. Choi’s demise, ITF split into 3

international factions.

xv. Nov 2008 - I established Classic Taekwon-do.

i. GEN. CHOI HONG HI (1918 - 2002)

It would be impossible and utterly disrespectful to

attempt to summarize the life and achievements of

such a man in one short list. However please

understand that this list is mainly intended for the

beginner in the hope that it will spur his/her interest to

extend the research further. No disrespect to the

memory of this visionary was intended. - KR

o Born November 9, 1918 in the Hwa Dae Myong District of

Korea.

o Due to his weak and frail nature, his parents sent him to study

Calligraphy under Master Han Il Dong who also started

teaching him Taekkyon at age 15.

o 1937 went to Japan to study calligraphy and was forced to

join the Japanese army as a “student volunteer”.

o While studying in Japan he acquired 1st

Dan in Karate under

a Korean Instructor named Kim, within 2 years.

o Later part of WW2, he was imprisoned for involvement in the

Korean Independence Movement.

o 15, Jan 1946, commissioned as 2nd

Lt in the new ROK Army.

o Started teaching to soldiers when he acquired his 2nd

Dan in

Karate.



o After WW2 he set up Oh Do Kwan teaching his personal Chung Han style of

Taekkyon to Korean and American soldiers.

o Together with colleagues Nam Tae Hi, GM Kim Bok Man, Master Woo Jae Lim,

he developed a system of martial arts using refined elements of Taekkyon,

Shotokan Karate and Kung Fu based on scientific principles of energy, power and

movement. There are traces of 50 typically Kung Fu circular movements, and

many abrupt linear Karate influences in modern TKD.

o 11 April 1955, proposed the name Taekwon-Do to a special board. The name was

accepted by President Rhee Seung Man.

o 1958 – Published the 1st TKD

textbook.

o 1959 – Became the 1st

President

of the Korean Taekwon-Do

Association (KTA).

o 1960 – Together with Maj Nam Tae

Hi he spread TKD around the

world.

o 1962 – Brought TKD to Malaysia

while serving as the Korean

Ambassador to Malaysia.

o 1964 – Returned to Korea and

reassumed position as 3rd

President of KTA until his resignation in 1966.

o 22 March 1966 – Created the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) with 9

founding members.

o Relocated ITF’s base from Seoul to Montreal, Canada to ensure the political

impartiality, and the international growth of the art.

o 1972 – Updated 1st TKD textbook. 1980, republished 2

nd Edition of TKD textbook.

o Wrote the Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do, 15 Volumes.

o Widely credited and regarded as the Founder and Father of Taekwon-Do.

o Died June 15 2002 at 84 years, in Pyongyang, DPR Korea.



ii. INTERNATIONAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION (ITF)

o Formed on 22 March 1966, by Gen. Choi Hong Hi, Father of Modern Taekwon-

Do.

o President - Gen. Choi Hong Hi until his demise in

2002.

o 9 founding members’ i.e. Vietnam, Malaysia,

Singapore, West Germany, USA, Turkey, United

Arab Republic, Italy and Korea.

o HQ in Montreal, Canada.

o Objective – To ensure political neutrality and

international growth of TKD.

o Practices semi-contact and traditional styles of TKD

as formalized by Gen. Choi Hong Hi, focusing more

on self defense methodology and patterns

(tuls/hyungs).

o From 1966 to 1971 membership grew to 21 countries. 2002, membership stood at

123 countries around the world.

o 1974 - dispatched 657 Korean Instructors around the

world.

o On Gen. Choi’s passing, ITF has been identified by 3

differing factions i.e.

i. ITF : President – Prof. Chang Un (ref. :

www.itftkd.org)

ii. ITF : President – Master Tran Trieu Quan (ref. :

www.tkd-itf.home.pl)

iii. ITF : President – Grandmaster Choi Jung Hwa (ref. :

www.itf-administration.com)



iii. WORLD TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION (WTF)

o Its formation was initiated by the 6th

President of the

Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA), a politician, Dr.

Kim Un Yong.

o Formed on 28 May 1973 at the 1st

World Taekwondo

Championships in Seoul.

o Dr. Kim Un Yong was elected the 1st President of WTF

(1971-2004). He remained as President for 31 years until

his resignation in Jan 2004 due to connection with alleged

corruption and embezzlement of TKD funds.

o Objective of WTF – To ensure that the growth and development of TKD is centered

in its mother country, Korea.

o The only official organization

recognized by the Korean government

as the international regulating body for

TKD.

o After the 2nd

World TKD Championship

in Seoul, WTF became an affiliate of

the General Assembly of

International Sports Federation

(GAISF).

o 1973 - WTF established the Kukkiwon

(Chung An Dojang), Mecca for WTF

TKD.

o July, 1980 – IOC recognized and admitted WTF.

o 1982 – The General Session of the IOC designated TKD as an Official

Demonstration Sport at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea.

o Practices full contact sparring and not so much emphasis

on patterns (poomse) although there are WTF Palgwes and

Taegeuks.

o Due to emphasis on sparring, WTF is generally characterized

as being more of a sport than an art.

o Current President Dr. Chungwon Choue (ref. : www.wtf.org )

Dr. Chungwon Choue



iv. GLOBAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION (GTF)

o Formed on June 14, 1990 by Grandmaster Park Jung Tae, 9th Degree Black

Belt, who was the 2nd

President of Korean

Taekwon-do Association and

former Technical Chairman /

Sec. General of International

TKD Federation (ITF).

o Based in Toronto, Canada.

o Objective - To promote

Taekwon-do worldwide and to provide a peaceful world through moral, physical and

cultural unification between national member organizations.

o 78 countries under the GTF banner.

o Malaysia became a member of the GTF when Grandmaster Dato’ Prof. Dr. Master

Sabree Salleh was appointed a Vice President of GTF by GM Park Jung Tae in

1999.

o Largest affiliate is the European Global Taekwon-do Council(EGTC),

o Has emerged as the ultimate non-political martial arts organization in the world.

o Emphasizes on semi-contact (controlled)

sparring, pattern and self-defence.

o On GM Park’s demise in 2002, the

Presidency was unanimously passed to be

held EXCLUSIVELY by his widow, Mrs.

Linda Park.

o 2005 Meeting of Masters it was unanimously

agreed that Mrs Linda Park be awarded the

Hon. 9th

Degree Black Belt in recognition for

her support and dedication to the

development of TKD.

o Ref. : www.gtftaekwondo.com.

GM Park & Mrs Linda Park



v. GRANDMASTER PARK JUNG TAE (1943 – 2002)

o Born 1943, Kwang-Ju City, South Korea.

o 1948 - Began training in Martial Art – boxing,

judo and karate

o 1964 Joined Korean army and become

leading Instructor.

o 1965-67, Went to Vietnam as an army

Instructor, training Korean, Vietnamese and

American soldiers in unarmed combat.

o 1968-69 Selected to train Instructors as the

ITF Headquarters in Korea who were being

sent out of the country.

o 1970 – 1988, Pioneered the establishment of

TKD in China, Russia, Europe, Canada,

Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland,

Hungary, South & North America, North

Korea and Japan

o 1980 Appointed as Technical Committee

Chairman of ITF.

o 1984-1998, Elected as Secretary-General

and Instruction Committee Chairman at the

General Congress meeting in Vienna, Austria.

o 1990-1999, Founded the Global Taekwon-do

federation (GTF).

o 1990-2002, President of the Global Taekwon-do

Federation.

o April 11, 2002, passed away at age 59.

o Widely regarded and ranked as the leading

technical trainer in the world and a TKD legend

in his own time.



vi. TKD (MGTF) in Malaysia

o TKD arrived in Malaysia in 1962

o Introduced into Malaysia by Gen. Choi Hong Hi when he was serving as Korean

Ambassador to Malaysia from 1962 – 1964.

o Initial classes were held by invitation at the Korean Embassy in Jalan U-Thant, KL.

o The initial 2 students who were taught by Gen Choi, were Mr. Chan Chee Yong

(deceased), and Grandmaster Low Koon Lin, a Judo instructor then.

o Subsequent training were instructed by, among others, GM Kim Bok Man, Yun Kum

Joong (deceased), CK Choi and many others, which gave birth to the many present

leaders, Masters and GM’s within the ITF, WTF, and GTF camps in Malaysia.

o Grandmaster Low continued the legacy of his TKD training under the banner of

Oriental Physical Culture Academy, and subsequently the International Taekwon-

do Academy (ITF).

o 1971, TKD in Malaysia gained national acceptance when Gen Choi was invited by the

late Tunku Abdul Rahman, PM of Malaysia to conduct a demonstration in the

Merdeka Stadium.

o 1975, some members of the Malaysian TKD fraternity opted to join the WTF with the

setting up of the Malaysian Taekwondo Association (MTA).

o Upon his return from abroad in 1985, Grandmaster Dato’ Prof. Dr. Sabree Salleh, 9

Degree Black Belt, who was the Under Secretary General, Chairman of Public

Relations and Executive Director of ITF, established the Malaysian International

Taekwon-do Federation (MITF) in 1986. He was the President and Chief Instructor

from 1986 – 1998.

o In 1994, MITF organized the 9th

International TKD Championship in Terengganu.

The Malaysian team won a Gold medal in the team Pattern event, 13 medals and 4th

placing over 74 countries.

o In 1999, MITF withdrew from ITF and affiliated itself to the Global Taekwon-do

Federation. MITF changed its name to MGTF with Grandmaster Dato’ Prof. Dr.

Sabree Salleh serving as its 1st

President and Founder.

o

o Today, TKD in Malaysia is

represented by ITFM, ITF, MTA,

MGTF, PGTF and many others.

o The Ministry of Youth and

Sports is currently undertaking

efforts to unite all TKD

associations under one

governing body to regulate and

ensure the effective teaching

and coaching of TKD in

Malaysia.



vii. MALAYSIAN GLOBAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION

(MGTF)

o MGTF came into being on the 1st September

1999.

o The 1st President was Grandmaster Dato’ Prof.

Dr. Master Sabree Salleh, DSSA, DPMT, AMN,

PJC, PJK, DSM, OIM, Order of Friendship (DPR

Korea), (9th Degree Blackbelt), who was also

the Vice President for GTF.

o MGTF is registered and recognized by Ministry

Of Youth and Sports Malaysia, the Ministry of

Education Malaysia, the Malaysian Sports

Commission, the National Fitness Council and

the Rakan Muda Wajadiri Program.

o MGTF has 13 State affiliations including the

Malaysian Police and the Malaysian Prison TKD Association.

o It has 70,000 members throughout Malaysia.

o Its patron is the the King of Malaysia DYMM Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal

Abidin Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, D.K.M., D.K.T.,

D.K.R., D.M.N., S.U.M.Z., S.S.M.T., S.P.M.T., D.K.(Perlis), D.K.(Johor),

D.K.M.B.(Brunei)., D.K.(Perak), D.K.(Negeri Sembilan), D.K.(Kedah),

D.K.(Kelantan), .K.(Selangor), S.P.M.J., Commandeur de la Legion d’Honneur

(France), the Sultan of Terengganu (7 Degree Black Belt).

o MGTF is based at Shah Alam, Selangor. (ref. : www.mgtf.org.my)



o The incumbent Office Bearers / Committee of the MGTF are as follows :-

o

1. PATRON : SERI PADUKA BAGINDA YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG Al-WATHIQU BILLAH TUANKU MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN IBNI Al-MARHUM SULTAN MAHMUD Al-MUKTAFI BILLAH SHAH

2. ADVISOR : GRANDMASTER DATO DR

SABREE SALLEH 3. PRESIDENT : MASTER AMIR MD NOOR 4. V.PRESIDENT (ADMIN) : ABDUL RAZAK

ABDUL RAHMAN 5. V.PRESIDENT (TECHNICAL) : MASTER

YEOW CHENG WATT, PJK 6. SECRETARY GENERAL : MASTER DR (H)

JOHN MOHD ABD RAHIM 7. ASST. SECRETARY GENERAL :

MUHAMMAD SHAHNAZ AZMI 8. TREASURER : MASTER RICKIE LOW AH

KUAN



4. PHILOSOPHY OF TAEKWON-DO

� TKD is more than just a physical system of exercise and self defense. It is a way of life. � The philosophical basis of modern TKD stems from the legacy of the 5 Codes of Human

Conduct as practiced by the ancient Hwarangdo warriors i.e. Loyalty, Filial Duty, Trustworthiness, Valor and Justice.

� This code has been correlated into the 11 Commandments of modern TKD i.e.

Loyalty to your country Respect your parents Indomitable spirit

Faithfulness to your spouse Loyalty to your friends Loyalty to your school

Respect your brothers and sisters

Respect your elders Finish what you begin

Respect your teachers Never take life unjustly

� “On the spiritual level, Taekwon-Do is derived from the traditional, ethical and moral principles of the orient and, of course, from my personal philosophy.” – Gen Choi Hong Hi

� To appreciate the value of the art, students must practice all facets of Taekwon-Do, including the Do, so as to understand the “why”, not only the “how”. – Moral Culture, Gen Choi Hong Hi

� TKD provides the solid philosophy and the tools to put in place a structure to teach the mental and spiritual aspects of Taekwon-Do so that practitioners will be able to achieve a balanced life and happiness.

� Taekwon-Do can be a Powerful Tool for Social Development to improve the quality of life of communities and to help eradicate social problems such as drug abuse and juvenile delinquency, providing structure, discipline, and self-confidence that carry over into all aspects of life.

� Taekwon-Do is a means of building a better society on a foundation of peace, freedom, and justice,

� Taekwon-Do is a means to address an upsurge in violence; loss of morality in all levels of society; victimization of the weak; extreme materialism and egoism.

� The utmost purpose of Taekwon-Do is to eliminate fighting by discouraging the oppression of the weak by the strong with a power that must be based on humanity, justice, morality, wisdom and faith, thus helping to build a better and more peaceful world.

� “It is my firm belief that through Taekwon-Do, anyone can garner enough strength to become a guardian of justice, to challenge social disunity and, to cultivate the human spirit to the highest level attainable.“ – Gen Choi Hong Hi

� The philosophy of Taekwon-Do is based on the ethical, moral, and spiritual standards by which men can live together in harmony.

� Its art and patterns are inspired by the ideals and exploits of great men from Korean history.

� Each Tul (pattern) of Taekwon-Do expresses the thoughts and the actions of these great men, so the students of Taekwon-Do must reflect the true intentions of those whose name each Tul bears.



� For eg. Po-Eun

Po-Eun is a more advanced pattern and is introduced at the Black Belt level, 1st degree.

Po-Eun is named after Chong Mong-Chu, a 13th Century Korean poet famous for his poem I would not serve a second master, though I might be crucified a hundred times and who was also a pioneer in the science of physics. General Choi chose this name and the diagram, which signifies unique, to emphasize the importance of loyalty.

� Under no circumstances should Taekwon-Do be used for any commercial or political purpose whatsoever.

� The philosophies and guidelines by which all serious students of TKD are encouraged to live are :-

1. Be willing to go where the going may be tough and do the things that are worth doing even though they are difficult.

2. Be gentle to the weak and tough to the strong. 3. Be content with what you have in money and position but never in skills. 4. Always finish what you begin, be it large or small. 5. Be a willing teacher to anyone regardless of religion, race or ideology. 6. Never yield to repression or threat in the pursuit of a noble cause. 7. Teach attitude and skill with action rather than words. 8. Always be yourself even though your circumstances may change. 9. Be the eternal teacher who teaches with the body when young, with words when old, and

by moral precept even after death.

� The philosophy of TKD is embodied in the Tenets of TKD and Student’s Oath. � The development of the Taekwon-Do philosophy by General Choi Hong Hi was

influenced by philosophers such as Confucius and Lao Tzu, and by the philosophy of martial arts. However, the fundamental values as expressed in the tenets of Taekwon-Do, are universal.



TENETS OF TAEKWON-DO

Ye Ui Courtesy Kesopanan

Yom Chi Integrity Akhlak Mulia, Integriti

In Nae Self-Control Kawal Diri

Guk Gi Perseverance Ketabahan

Baekjool Boolgool

Indomitable Spirit

Semangat Waja

STUDENT’S OATH

The ITF Student’s Oath I shall observe the tenets of Taekwon-do I shall respect the Instructor and Seniors I shall never misuse Taekwon-do I shall be champion of freedom and justice I shall build a more peaceful world

The GTF Student Oath As a member of the GTF, I shall respect rank and seniors be courteous to others be loyal and trustworthy strive for world peace and harmony act in the true spirit of Taekwon-do

Ikrar Pelajar ITF Saya akan mematuhi rukun-rukun Taekwon-do Saya akan menghormati Guru-Guru dan mereka yang terdahulu dari saya Saya tidak akan salah gunakan Taekwon-do Saya akan menjadi juara kebebasan dan keadilan Saya akan membina dunia yang lebih aman dan sentosa * To view the recital of the Tenets of TKD and Student’s Oath please proceed to the Video Gallery.

Ikrar Pelajar GTF

Sebagai ahli GTF saya akan menghormati barisan mereka yang terdahulu dari saya, sopan kepada semua, setia dan jujur, berusaha kearah keamanan dan keharmonian bertindak dengan semangat benar Taekwon-do



5. DYNAMICS OF TAEKWON-DO

� The study of Taekwon-Do is categorized into two parts, spiritual discipline and

technical perfection.

� The physical techniques of Taekwon-Do are based on the principles of modern

science, in particular, Newtonian physics which teaches us how to generate

maximum power. Military tactics of attack and defense have also been incorporated.

� In the technical area, the techniques are based on the following principles:

1. all movement should be designed to produce maximum power in accordance with scientific formulas and the principle of kinetic energy;

2. the principles behind the techniques should be so clear that even those ignorant to Taekwon-Do will be able to distinguish correct from incorrect movement;

3. the distance and angle of each movement should be exactly defined in order to achieve more efficient attack and defence;

4. the purpose and method of each movement should be clear and simple, in order to facilitate the teaching and learning process;

5. rational teaching methods should be developed so that the benefits of Taekwon-Do can be enjoyed by everyone, young and old, men and women;

6. correct breathing methods should be devised, enhancing the speed of each movement and reducing fatigue;

7. attack should be possible against any vital spot on the body and it should be possible to defend against all varieties of attack;

8. each attacking tool should be clearly defined and soundly based on the structure of the human body;

9. each movement should be easy to execute, enabling the student to enjoy Taekwon-Do as a sport and recreation;

10. special consideration should be paid to promoting good health and preventing injuries; 11. each movement should be harmonious and rhythmical so that Taekwon-Do is aesthetically

pleasing; 12. each movement in a pattern must express the personality and spiritual character of the person

it is named after.

� Adherence to these basic principles is what makes Taekwon-Do a martial art, an aesthetic art, a science and sport.



� When training students should keep in mind the following secrets:

1. To study the Theory Of Power thoroughly…in relation to the principles of Sine Wave. 2. To understand the purpose and method of each movement clearly. 3. To bring the action of eyes, hands, feet and breath into one single coordinated action. 4. To choose the appropriate attacking tool for each vital spot. 5. To become familiar with the correct angle and distance for attack and defence. 6. Keep both the arms and legs bent slightly while movement is in motion. 7. All movements must begin with a backward motion with very few exceptions. However, once

the movement is in motion it should not be stopped before reaching the target. 8. To create a sine wave during the movement by utilizing the knee spring properly i.e. winding. 9. To exhale briefly at the moment of each blow excepting a connecting motion.

� Taekwon-Do movements respect and work in harmony with the physical laws and constitution of the human body.

� The techniques of Taekwon-Do can be represented as a circle. Each of the individual methods of training is added gradually, building on techniques already learned, but the student continues to practice all the different components.

� Incessant training is essential to keep oneself in top form and physical condition to the point that action becomes conditioned reflexes.

� The four components of TKD training are :- I. Pattern – Fundamental Movements II. Sparring III. Self Defense IV. Breaking

I. Fundamental Movements

• There are more than 3,000 fundamental movements in Taekwon-Do. These movements

are basic elements that can be likened to musical notes; when linked, they produce a

harmonious result.

• These fundamental movements use all parts of the body and are performed in harmony

with the Theory of Power of Taekwon-Do.

• Student will practice these movements regularly with the goal of mastering each one of

them, defensive and attack movements alike, to build their own individual storehouse of

fundamental movements so that they will be available when needed.

• When practicing fundamental movements, the student must strive to use good technique,

demonstrating balance, co-ordination, and good finishing (carrying through to complete

the movement).

• The fundamental movements are grouped together into pre designed individual patterns

i.e. tuls, hyungs, poomses. There are 24 patterns in ITF TKD, and 29 in GTF TKD.

• Patterns are best described as a form of shadow boxing against a single or multiple

imaginary opponents.



II. Sparring

• Although Taekwon-Do is a defensive art, training by the practical application of

techniques against a real adversary, or several, is very important. It is an excellent way to

check what a student has learned. Sparring builds self-control, self-confidence, and

courage.

• There are two types of sparring: step sparring and free sparring.

• Step Sparring:

- prearranged sparring i.e. planned by the players. - agree on the rules, such as the number of steps to be taken, the target to be attacked,

the tool to be used - there is no contact ; the purpose is to develop control by stopping just short of the

target. - three levels of step sparring: 3-step for beginners, 2-step or intermediate, and 1-step

or advanced. - helps the student understand the purpose of the movements; to master interaction with

the opponent regarding stances and distances; to develop faster reflexes and instantaneous response in self-defense.

• Free Sparring: - not pre-arranged i.e. no prescribed number of steps or movements. - essentially open combat with controlled attacks using all available means and

methods. - in order to prevent injury, protective equipment is worn. - the attacker must stop the attacking tool just before reaching certain vital spots. Only

blows that stop two centimeters from a vital spot are counted. - evaluation of free sparring is based on accuracy, speed, timing, distance, and quality

of technique executed. - balance, blocking and dodging skills, and attitude are also very important.

III. Breaking

• Breaking is part of the program for promotion to each higher level.

• The goal of breaking is to allow the student to develop self-confidence.

• Breaking demonstrates that the student has mastered the techniques that allow him/her

to produce max power.

• Power breaking demonstrates technical efficiency, precision, aim, and power.

• Special techniques in breaking combine athletic performance with perfect execution of

techniques. These techniques include flying techniques. Height and length of movements

are emphasized.

• It is very important to practice breaking without hurting oneself. Therefore, thorough

preparation is essential.



IV. Self-defense

• All Taekwon-Do techniques are to be used only for self-defence. They are not to be used for aggression, except in cases of grave immediate danger for the practitioner or someone he must protect. Any other use would be considered assault.

• Because of safety concerns, the rules of competition prohibit the use of techniques using the elbow, knee, or head as well as attacks below the belt.

• However, these additional techniques may be needed in special circumstances, for example when defending against armed opponents, or from a sitting or prone position. Therefore, these techniques are practiced in training.

• Once mastered, the techniques will be available for use in genuinely dangerous situations.

6. PATTERNS

• “Patterns are a series of fundamental movements assimilated into one harmonious body

so as to imbue upon the practitioner a sense of complete awareness for the effective

execution of defense and attack techniques against a single or several opponents

advancing from multiple directions. In this context it is a form of shadow boxing which

allows for the development of self confidence through the control of self and

surrounding.” – Khaldun Redza

• Practice of patterns develops sparring techniques, improves flexibility of movements,

masters body shifting, builds muscles and breath control, promotes fluid and smooth

motions, gains rhythmical control and teaches the theory of power.

• Patterns are a crucial barometer, yardstick for benchmarking an individual’s mastery of

self defense techniques.

• “Patterns are inspired by the ideals and exploits of great men from Korean history.

Korea’s famous military and civil leaders who in nearly 5,000 years of Korean history

have never invaded their neighbor yet who fought bravely and made self sacrifices to

defend their homeland against invading armies. I also included the names of patriots who

willingly gave up their lives to regain Korea’s freedom and independence..” Gen Choi

Hong Hi

• By practicing and understanding the meanings of each of the TKD patterns, the

practitioner would be able to attain a fusion of being at one with the ideals of TKD,

respect it, and never use it in a dishonorable way.

• A proper understanding of the patterns leads to the realization that TKD is a martial art to

be used only for Self Defense in the cause of Peace and Justice.



• There are 24 patterns in ITF TKD and 29 pattersn in GTF TKD.

The Reason for 24 Patterns :-

“The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travelers who pass by the eternal years of an eon in a day. It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time. Nevertheless, most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way, gaining immortality. Obviously, the spirit is perpetual while material is not; therefore, what we can do to leave behind something for the welfare of mankind is, perhaps, the most important thing in our lives. Here I leave Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man of the late 20th century. The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life. The name of the pattern, the number of movements, and the diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolizes either heroic figures in Korean history or instances relating to historical events.” - General Choi, Hong Hi Reproduced, from "Taekwon-Do (The Korean Art of Self Defense)" also known as "The Condensed Encyclopedia." Fifth Edition 1999, All rights reserved Copyright 1988, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1999 General Choi, Hong Hi.

• GTF has added 5 new patterns to this original list. • The Patterns are :

# NAME # STEPS

MEANING

1.

CHON-JI (ITF/GTF)

19

"Heaven and the Earth". It is, in the Orient interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, thus it is the initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts-one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth.

2. JEE-SANG (GTF)

24 The 24 movements represent the 24 hours of the day that we learn, we connect with others, we gain insights, knowledge and wisdom. The 4 directions represent our inner compass. With it we will never lose our way. When we connect the "Jee" and the "Sang", we connect the heavens and the earth to create an invisible strength that will always live on.

3. DAN-GUN (ITF/GTF)

21 Named after Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year 2333 B.C.

4. DO-SAN (ITF/GTF)

24 Pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Ch'ang-Ho (1876-1938) who devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its independent movement.

5. WON-HYO (ITF/GTF)

28 A noted scholar and pious man of the Silla Dynasty in the year of 686 A.D.

6. DHAN-GOON (GTF)

23 Named after the legendary founder of Korea. The 23 movements represent the first 2 digits of the year 2333 B.C., the year assigned by the government of South Korea as the birth date of Korea. This is Grand Master Park Jung Tae's progressive interpretation of a traditional taekwon-do pattern.



7. YUL-GOK (ITF/GTF)

38

Pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536-1584 A.D.) nicknamed the "Confucious of Korea." The 38 moves of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 38 degree latitude and the diagram represents "scholar".

8. JOONG-GUN (ITF/GTF)

32 Named after the patriot An Joong-Gun who assasinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part of the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in the pattern to represent An's age when he was executed at the Lui-Shung prison in 1910.

9. TOI-GYE (ITF/GTF)

37 Pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th A.D.), an authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37 degree latitude, the diagram represents "scholar".

10. HWA-RANG (ITF/GTF)

29 Named after the Hwa-Rang youth group which originated in the Silla Kingdom about 2000 years ago. This group eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of the three Kingdoms of Korea. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division, where Taekwon-do developed into maturity.

11. JEEGOO (GTF)

30 Means "Global". The ready stance is a parallel ready stance with forearms crossed. This stance symbolizes the crossing out of the years of strife in Taekwon-do. The first movement represents breaking away from the past and reflects Grandmaster Parks desire for world peace and harmony. The 30 movements are divided into 24, 4 and 2. The number 24 represents the hours in the day, so that the thought of world peace and harmony will be with us every second. The number 4 represents the 4 directions of North, South, East and West for all people of all nations. The number 2 is demonstrated by playing the pattern twice in each direction to reaffirm our commitment to the idea of world peace and harmony.

12. CHOONG-MOO (ITF/GTF)

30 Given name to the great Admiral Yi Sun-Sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to the invented the first armored battleship (kobukson) which was the precursor of the present day submarine in 1592 A.D. The reason why this pattern ends up with the left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death having no chance to show his unrestrained potential checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.

13. KWANG-GAE (ITF/GTF)

39 Named after the famous Gwang-Gae-To-Wang, the 19th King of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of the lost territory. The 39 movements refer to his reign for 39 years.

14. PO-EUN (ITF/GTF)

36 Pseudonym of the loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400 A.D.) who was a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram (-) represents his unerring loyalty to king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.

15. GE-BAEK (ITF/GTF)

44 Named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 A.D.). The diagram (|) represents his severe and strict military discipline.



16. EUI-AM (ITF/GTF)

45 Pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements relate to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way) in 1905. The diagram (|) represents his indomitable spirit displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation.

17. CHOONG-JANG (ITF/GTF)

52 Pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi Dynasty, 15th century. This pattern ends with a left-hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity.

18. JOOK-AM (GTF)

95 Pseudonym for the GrandMaster Park Jung Tae. Jook means a bamboo which shoots up straight-forward without any curvature, it's roots intertwining to form an inseparable force. Am is an immovable boulder from which teh bamboo plants its' roots to form an unshakable foundation. This pattern represents GrandMaster Park Jung Tae's life and his struggle for perfection. The diagram is a representation of a bamboo shooting up from the boulder. The 95 movements of this pattern symbolizes the year 1995 in which Jook-Am was created. In the history of all martial arts, this is the longest pattern ever made.

19. JUCHE (ITF)

45 A philosophical idea that man is the master of everything. The philosophy is that man is the master of the world and governs his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu Mountain which symbolises the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram of the pattern traces the Chinese and Korean letter "mountain". It represents Baekdu Mountain.

20. KO-DANG (ITF/GTF)

39 Pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who dedicated his life to the independence movement and education of his people. The 39 movements signify his times of imprisonment and his birthplace on the 39th parallel (between north and south Korea).

21. SAM-IL (ITF/GTF)

33 Denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.

22. YOO-SIN (ITF/GTF)

68 Named after General Kim Yoo Sin, commanding general during the Silla Dynasty, who unifoed the three separate kingdoms of Korea. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A.D. the year Korea was united.

23. CHOI-YONG (ITF/GTF)

46 Named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces during the 14

th tcentury Koryo

Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders, headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later became the first king of the Yi Dynasty.

24. YON-GE (ITF/GTF)

49 Named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon Gae Somun. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 A.D., the year he forced the Dang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 Chinese troops at Ansi Sung.



25. UL-JI (ITF/GTF)

42 Named after general Ul-Ji Mun Kuk who successfully defended Korea against a Chinese invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D. Ul-Ji employed hit and run guerilla tactics and was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42 movements represents the author's age when he designed the pattern.

26. MOON-MOO (ITF/GTF)

61 Honors the 13th king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body be placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese." It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements in the pattern symbolize the last two figures of 661 A.D. when Moon Moo came to the throne.

27. SO-SAN (ITF/GTF)

72 Pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyung Ung, 1520 - 1604, during the Yi Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Samung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsular in 1592.

28. SE-JONG (ITF/GTF)

24 Named after the greatest Korean King, Se-Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443 A.D., and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram represents the King, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.

29. TONG-IL (ITF/GTF)

56 Denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea, which has been divided since 1945. The diagram (|) symbolizes the homogenous race.

• Important Points to look out for while performing patterns :-

1. Pattern should begin and end at exactly the same spot. This will indicate the performer’s

accuracy. 2. Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times. 3. Muscles of the body should be either tensed or relaxed at the proper critical moments in the exercise. 4. The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness. 5. Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according to the instructions in this book. 6. Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next. 7. Students should know the purpose of each movement. 8. Students should perform each movement with realism. 9. Attack and defense techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands and feet.

• Please refer to the Articles Page of classictkd.com for a diagrammatic description of the individual colored belt and black belt patterns, which will be posted from time to time.- KR



7. COLOURED BELT GRADING SYLLABUS – by

Khaldun Redza

White to White Yellow 10 – 9 Grade

Saju Cirigi Saju Makgi

Front Leg Raising Front Kick Side Kick

Lower Block, Upper Block, Knife Hand

White Yellow to Yellow 9 - 8 Grade

Chon-Ji

Front Kick Side Kick

Turning Kick 3-step Sparring

3 months

Yellow to Yellow - Green 8-7 Grade

Chon-Ji Dan Gun

Front Kick + Turning Kick (diff leg) Back Kick

Side Kick + Back Kick (diff leg) 3-step Sparring

3

mths

Yellow – Green to Green 7 - 6 Grade

Dan Gun Do San

Checking Kick + Side Kick Turning Kick + Back Kick (diff leg)

Twisting Kick 1-step Sparring

Green to Green – Blue 6 – 5 Grade

Do San

Won Hyo Reverse Hooking Kick

Turning + Twisting Kick (Diff leg) Crescent Kick + Side Kick

1-step Sparring Free Sparring

Green – Blue to Blue 5 - 4 Grade

Won Hyo Yul -Gok

Front Kick + Turning Kick Sliding Side Kick (Back leg)

Downward Kick 1-step Sparring Free Sparring

Blue to Blue Red 4 - 3 Grade

Yul –Gok

Joong-Gun Side Kick Flying Side Kick

Turning Kick + Reverse Hooking Kick (Diff leg)

Flying Front Kick (Back leg) 1-step Sparring Free Sparring

3 months

3

mths

3 months

3 mth

s Blue Red to Red 3 - 2 Grade

Joong-Gun

Toi Gae 1 more tul

Flying Turning Kick Reverse Turning Kick

Flying Back Kick (Back leg) 1-step Sparring

Self Defense Free Sparring

3 months



1. 1st Dan to 2nd Dan = 2 years 2. 2nd Dan to 3rd Dan = 3 years 3. 3rd Dan to 4th Dan = 4 years 4. 4th Dan to 5th Dan = 5 years 5. 5th Dan to 6th Dan = 6 years 6. 6th Dan to 7th Dan = 7 years

• All those who have successfully undertaken the grading test will be issued with a certified/accredited certificate.

• Results will be announced within 1 month from date of Grading. • The periods indicated are estimates only which is subject to the individual’s overall

performance. The Instructor reserves the right to approve a student for Grading.

• Grading will be conducted by a Senior Instructor i.e. 4th Dan above, with the exception of

4th Dan Grading onwards which must be conducted by a Grandmaster, Senior Master or

Master.

• The Association or Senior Instructor reserves the right to amend or append the syllabus as he/she deems necessary.

Red to Red – Red Black 2 - 1 Grade

Toi Gae

Hwa Rang 1 more tul

Flying Reverse Hooking Kick One Step Flying Side Kick

Reverse Hooking + Turning Kick (same leg)

1-step Sparring Self Defense Free Sparring

Red Black – Black Belt 1 Grade – 1

st Deg

Hwa Rang

Choong Moo 1 more tul

Flying Reverse Hooking Kick Two Step Flying Side Kick Jumping High Front Kick

Self Defense Free Sparring

Free Sparring - Multiple Power Breaking

3 mth

s

6 months



• Red - Black belts who have undertaken their Black Belt examinations and have passed are subjected to the following rules and conditions :-

i. Certificates will be issued only after one year from the date of Grading at the discretion of the Instructor,

ii. The Black Belt will undergo a 1 year probationary period after which the Instructor shall reserve the right to withhold the certificate as he/she deems fit on the assessment of the performance or behavior of the individual Black Belt,

iii. Black Belts are not to be absent from training for longer than 2 months without due acceptable reasons upon which the grading results will be deemed null and void and withdrawn,

iv. Black Belts are to assist the Instructor in all areas pertaining to TKD as and when the Instructor directs,

v. Black Belts are to uphold at all times the strict Code Of Conduct of TKD, of the school and as taught by the Instructor.

vi. Breach of any of the above conditions will result in a review of the Grading result by the Senior Instructor or Association, and may result in a withdrawal of the certification.

• A Junior Black is a student who is below 16 years of age. To take the 1st Dan Examination, a student must be at least 16 years of age in the year of the grading. A 1st Dan has a more difficult power-breaking exam and a much higher standard of expertise will be expected during the grading. When the Junior Black Belt student reaches the age of 16, and if he or she is mature enough and is recommended by their Instructor, they can take the upgrading examination to 1st Dan.

• 9 is the highest single digit number. It is made up of 3s (3x3). In the orient, the number 3 carries high esteem. The ideograph of 3 also contains 3 horizontal lines that symbolize heaven, mankind and earth. The 9 black belt groups are represented as 3 groups: (1st, 2nd, 3rd Degree) - 1st Level, (4th, 5th & 6th Degree) - 2nd Level, (7th, 8th & 9th Degree) - 3rd Level.



8. BELT SYSTEM – by Khaldun Redza

• The system of awarding belts to martial exponents originates from the use of the Obi’s

(Belts) in Judo to represent the respective gup/kyu/dan (kyu is the Japanese equivalent

of gup) ranking systems.

• It was first introduced and developed by Jigoro Kano the inventor of Judo, who also

introduced the first gi. He used black and white kimono Obi’s to differentiate between the

yudansha (dan ranks) and mudansha (those who hadn't yet attained dan ranking).

• It was further elaborated upon by Funakoshi in Karate. • Taekwon-do utilizes a traditional belt system that denotes the student's progression from

Novice Student to Senior Student (Black Belt). The belt system helps the student set short-term achievable goals as student begins their journey on the path of Taekwon-do.

• The colors of the belts in Taekwon-do represent a variety of things, on many levels. They are not randomly selected. "The colors have not been arbitrarily selected. They are in fact, steeped in tradition. The colors of black, red and blue denote the various levels of hierarchy during the Koguryo and Silla Dynasties," writes General Choi in the Encyclopedia of Taekwondo. They tell a symbolic story.

The color white signifies innocence, as that of the beginning student who has no previous knowledge of Tae Kwon Do.

The color yellow signifies the earth. The beginning student begins to create a firm foundation in Tae Kwon Do technique, just as a seed begins to expand its

root system deep in the earth as it begins to grow.



The color green represents growth, like that of the green plant as it sprouts out of the ground. The student has built a firm foundation and now begins to grow in

the art of Tae Kwon Do.

The color blue represents the sky. Reminding the student to reach for the heavens and continue their Tae Kwon Do journey.

The color of blood signifies danger and is a warning to the student to temper her newly found skills and techniques with control and wisdom.

The opposite of white signifies maturity and dignity, as that of a senior student of Tae Kwon Do who has learned the basic curriculum of Tae Kwon Do and is ready to become a true student of Tae Kwon Do.



9. TERMINOLOGIES



More Terminologies – source www.itf-tkd.com

Counting

1 Hana 1st il

2 Tull 2nd ee

3 Set 3rd sam

4 Net 4th sar

5 Dasut 5th oh

6 Yusut 6th yuk

7 Ilgop 7th chil

8 Yeodul 8th pal

9 Ahop 9th koo

10 Yeol 10th ship

Basics

Uniform dobok

Instructor sobom nim

Training Hall dojang

Chief Instructor kwan jang nim

School kwan

Belt tee

Attention charyot

Bow kyong-nye

Ready joonbi

Start shi jak

Stop geuman

Shout ki hap

Return pa-ro

Turn Around dwi-ro-dola

At ease shiu

Flag kuk gi

Grade kup

Degree dan

Left wen

RIght orun

Reverse bandae

Basic kibon

Dismiss hae-san

Free sparring kyoreugi

Breaking kyukpa

Self defense hosinsul

1 Step hanbeon kyoreugi

3 Step sebeon kyoreugi

Pre arranged machueo kyoreugi



Parts of the Body

Body mom

Hand son

Foot bal

Wrist palmok

Head meo ri

Chin teok

Nose ko

Mouth ip

Chest kasum

Arm pal

Elbow palkup

Leg dari

Knee mureup

Neck mok

Eye nun

Ear kwi

Forehead ima

Fist joomok

Hammerfist me joomok

Reverse Knifehand sonnal deung

Palm batang son

Two finger strike gawison keut

Ball of Foot apchook

Back of Heel dwikoomchi

Instep baldeung

Toe palgarak

Backfist deung joomok

Knifehand sonnal

Arc Hand ageum son

Spear fingers pyonson keut

Single finger strike hanson keut

Base of heel dwichook

Side of foot balnal

Inside of foot balbadak

Finger songarak

Sections of the Body

Low arae

Mid momtong

Face eolgul



Techniques

Stance seogi

Thrusting chireugi

Kick chagi

Inner an

Punch jireugi

Strike chigi

Block makki

Outer bakkat

Stances - seogi

Ready joonbi

Long walking stance apkoobi

Horse riding stance joochum seogi

Attention stance charyot seogi

One leg stance haktari seogi

Closed stance moa seogi

Walking stance apseogi

Back stance dwikoobi

Tiger stance beom seogi

Easy stance pyeonhi seogi

X stance koa seogi

Parallel naranhi seogi

Kicks - chagi

Front kick ap chagi

Turning kick dollyo chagi

Axe kick chikyo chagi

Reverse kick bandae dollyo chagi

Hooking kick hooryo chagi

Crescent kick bandal chagi

Side kick yeop chagi

Back kick dwi chagi

Half turning kick bit chagi

Push kick milyo chagi

Front leg hook kick ap hooryo chagi

Jumping kick twieo chagi

Strikes - chigi

Punch jireugi

Downward punch naeryo jireugi

Upturned punch jeochyo jireugi

Side punch yeop jireugi

Double punch duebon jireugi

Uppercut punch chi jireugi



"C" punch digeut jireugi

Blocks - makki

High block eolgul makki

Low block arae makki

Guarding block geoderao makki

Wedging block hechyo makki

Scissor block gawi makki

"X" block eotgeoreo makki

Mid block momtong makki

Palm block batangson

Inner block an makki

Outer bakkat palmok makki

Mountain block santeul makki

Single knifehand

block hansonal makki

Competition Terminology

Red hong

Start shi jak

Warning kyong go

Body protector hogoo

Blue chung

Break kalyeo

Deduction point gamjum

Continue kyesok



10. CODE OF CONDUCT - RULES & PROTOCOL OF TKD

TRAINING

• There are some courtesy rules and rules of conduct in a Taekown-Do Dojang.

• It is important to pay attention to these rules. • In a Taekwon-Do class techniques will be practiced which could bring major harm to the

partner if they aren’t done with the necessary focus.

• Taekwon-Do is the art of self defence, the twin peaks of discipline and respect are integral part of system

• A Taekwon-Do trainee should potray self discipline and respect to the highest level. • Some of the basic mannerism for a training session:

1. The most senior belts student always stand to the right. 2. Stand firm and erect. Always pay respect by bowing to the instructor and senior. 3. A junior belt student should always respect his senior by bowing. 4. A senior acknowledges this by returning his bow. 5. Should a student be late for a training student, while the session is in progress,

he should quickly go to the front and bow to the instructor and then to the class to indicate that he is sorry for being late.

6. In the training centre, training is scheduled for a particular day and time. If the instructor is not present automatically the most senior belt student will commence the class at the scheduled time.

7. 8. A Taekwon-Do student will show respect to his instructor and seniors not only during training sessions but also outside. This sense of strong discipline will mould him to be a good and useful citizen.

8. All Taekwon-Do instructors representing the State or the national association, when they visit a training centre, they will be also accorded the same respect as a senior Taekwon-Do instructor.

• 3 important key points to note when training in martial arts are:- 1. Give you fullest and undivided attention to your Instructor at all times. 2. Understand what is being taught. If unclear, ask. 3. Practice, practice and more practice..at home or when not in the Dojang. Only

30% of the training is developed in the Dojang. The balance 70% is done by the student in his/her own time.

A. ENTERING THE DOJANG

1. Students should be in full uniform when they enter the Dojang. 2. Remove all watches, rings and accessories before class. 3. Upon entering, the students should bow at the door or entrance to the Dojang to

demonstrate respect for their place of learning. 4. They should then bow to the Instructors, then to the seniors even though class has not

yet started. 5. The Student should also bow at the entrance before leaving the Dojang; before any

partner exercises; upon falling in line before training, again prior dismissal; Exchange greeting (bow) between students.

6. The student is to wash or clean their feet before entering the training area. 7. Once completed the student should then go to the back of the Dojang and practice his

patterns and techniques until class begins.



8. If he/she needs help, he should approach the seniors so that he/she can perfect the techniques.

B. ENTERING CLASS

1. Wear a white and clean Dobok (uniform) without patches and lettering (only those specified). Don’t wear a undershirt inside the Dobok (except women)

2. Bind your belt before falling in line. Use the correct knot. 3. Do not wear shoes, watches or jewelry during class. 4. Pay attention to hygiene especially shorten toe and fingernails. 5. Keep the training hall clean. 6. When lining up, the students must line up with their Senior belt to their right. If both

students have the same belt, then the most senior is the student who took the grading first. If both took it at the same time, then the most senior is the one who has been training longer. If both trained equal time, then the most senior is the oldest by age.

7. If a student is late, then the student must first come to the front of the class, bow to the Instructor and give their excuse, then bow to the class before taking their place at the back of the class. They should not interrupt the class but proceed to the back of the class by the side walkway.

8. The student should stand in front of the class and wait for the Instructor to acknowledge him/her before bowing. The student should not wave or attract the attention of the Instructor to bow to him /her.

9. Be on time for class. Students should not be late unless they have a very good reason. 10. At the start of the class the most senior student standing at the right of the class shall call

the class to attention, bow to the Instructor and greet the Instructor accordingly i.e. Good morning, afternoon, evening Sir.

C. ASKING QUESTIONS

1. If you wish to ask your Instructor or Senior a Question, bow to your Instructor or Senior first, then ask the Question, before bowing again and thanking them.

2. If you need to leave class once class has started, ie. you need a drink, want to rest, etc. go to the front of the class, bow to the Instructor, tell him what you want and if permitted, bow again and only then rest.

3. If you are in class and want to ask a Question, put up your hand. When your Instructor queries you, bow to your Instructor, ask your Question, then wish tahnk you and bow again upon receiving the answer.

D. TRAINING

1. No unnecessary talking and no loud laughing during class. 2. Keep quiet during sitting down. Don’t lean on the wall 3. Students must concentrate and give their utmost during each training. 4. If your Instructor gives you an order, you must obey immediately. 5. Students are not permitted to talk during training. In order to perfect the art, you must be

focused at all times. 6. Do not try to help or advise another student when standing in class unless told to do so

by your Instructor - you are not the Instructor. 7. Always be humble. Unless you are the Instructor or have been given some students by

your Instructor to correct, you are in no position to tell someone that their technique is wrong.

8. If you need to adjust your dobok, turn to the back, adjust your dobok and only then turn back to the front.

9. Don’t leave the training hall during class without permission of the instructor.



10. Don’t practice free sparring without permission. 11. Don’t eat, drink and smoke inside the training hall. 12. Pay attention to the orders of your instructors. 13. Respect your instructor and partner. Be courteous and helpful.

E. RESPECT

1. Always acknowledge your Instructors and Seniors inside and outside the Dojang. When meeting them, you should always bow as a sign of respect.

2. Please do not call your Instructor by name, whether inside or outside the Dojang. The student shall refer to the Instructor as Sir or M’am. Alternatively you may call them, "Teacher" or "Instructor".

3. Always respect the Dojang and take care of the training equipment. Training equipment is expensive and bought especially for your benefit so please appreciate it.

4. Always help the Instructors to clean, set up the Dojang and pack up all the Equipment after class - this is especially true for Black Belts and Seniors.

5. At the end of the Class, the Senior most student shall call the class to attention and bow to the Instructor. All students should then Thank the Instructor, before bowing to the Senior. The Senior will announce Hae Chyo (Separate) to indicate the end of the Class.

6. Respect your dobok and belt. Do not play with the belt. Wear your belt with honour and integrity. Once class is finished, fold your Dobok in the correct way as shown to you by your Instructor and put it away in a bag.

7. Always respect your fellow student.

F. GRADING

1. Grading is not automatic. The Instructor will direct the Student accordingly if he/she is qualified to undergo Grading .

2. Black-tips who want to become black-belts must not only demonstrate a high level of skill, but also a humble and courteous character and a high level of loyalty and maturity. The minimum waiting time of 6 months is the minimum time and not the maximum.

3. Centralised Grading is held several times every year.

• The above summary of “Taekwon-Do In A Hurry” has been written and compiled by

Mr. Khaldun Redza. The information contained herein is derived from extensive

and in-depth research, from invaluable experience, and from various reliable

sources in Taekwon-do. The information is by no means exhaustive and may be

updated or amended from time to time. The facts and content herewith may be

corroborated through actual interviews, printed and recorded data, however the

writer is not liable for any inaccuracies, mistakes and errors contained in the

source records. Reproduction and reprints of this page will not be permitted

without the express consent of the writer. - KR

tkd in a hurry

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