tn gopinath
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
1/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
CODES AND STANDARDS
T.
For scientific design of Piping Systems, selection of prconstruction and to detail out the material specifications, knowled
Standards is essential. Standardization can, and does, reduce cost, in
confusion that result from unnecessary and undesirable differencomponents and procedures. Industry standards are published by prof
committees and trade organizations. A code is basically a standa
generally accepted by the government. The objective of each code is toindustrial safety in a particular activity or equipment. Codes are often
same organization that develops standards. These organizations a
engineering practices and publish as Recommended Practices. Th
documents is misunderstood since definitions of Codes, Standards aPractices are not always correctly understood. The following definit
accepted.
CODEA group of general rules or systematic procedures for de
installation and inspection prepared in such a manner that it can bejurisdiction and made into law.
STANDARDSDocuments prepared by a professional group or committee who
good and proper engineering practice and which contain mandatoryusers are responsible for the correct application of the same. Complian
does not itself confer immunity from legal obligation.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICESDocuments prepared by professional group or committee
engineering practices but which are optional.
Companies also develop Guides in order to have condocumentation. These cover various engineering methods, which are
practices, without specific recommendation or requirements.
Codes and Standards, apart from being regulations, might design aids since they provide guidance from experts.
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
2/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
MAJOR ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDS
Sr.
No.
Country Organization
1 United States American National Standards Institute
2 Canada Standard Council of Canada
3 France Association Francaise
4 United Kingdom British Standards Institute
5 Europe Committee of European Normalization 6 Germany Deutsches Institute Fur Normung
7 Japan Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
8 India Bureau Of Indian Standards
9 Worldwide International Organization for Standards
ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from som
countries, one from each country. The work of preparing Internatio
normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Eac
interested in a subject for which a technical committee (ISO
established has the right to be represented on that committe
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liason wi
part in the work. The main task of the technical committe
International Standards. Draft International Standards adopt
committees are circulated to member bodies for voting. Pu
International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the
casting votes.
1.0 AMERICAN STANDARDS
Not all American standards are issued directly by American NInstitute. The material standards are covered under ASTM (American S
and Materials) and dimensional standards under ANSI (American N
Institute)/ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers).The American Standards referred by Piping Engineers are mainly
1 1 Th A i P t l I tit t (API)
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
3/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
1.5 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
1.6 The American Welding Society (AWS).
1.7 The American Water Works Association (AWWA).
1.8 The Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and
Standard Practices (MSS-SP)
1.1 API STANDARDS The API standards generally referred by the Piping Engineers are
1) API 5L - Specification for Line Pipe
2) API 6D/ - Pipe line Valves, End closures, Co
ISO 14313 Swivels.
3) API 6F - Recommended Practice for Fire T
4) API 570 - Inspection, Repair, Alteration and
In-service piping systems.
5) ANSI/API RP 574 - Inspection Practices for Piping Sys
6) API 593 - Ductile Iron Plug Valves flanged
7) API 594 - Check Valves, Wafer, Wafer lug a
flanged Type.
8) API 598 - Valve Inspection and Test.
9) API 599 - Metal Plug Valves.
10) ANSI/API 600/ - Steel Gate Valves
ISO 10434
11) ANSI/API 602/ - Compact Design carbon steel Gate
ISO 15761 Ch k l 100 NB
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
4/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
15) API 608 - Metal Ball Valves.
16) API 609 - Butterfly valves Double flangedType.
17) ANSI/ API RP 621 - Reconditioning of Metallic
Gate, globe & Check Valves.
18) API RP 941 - Steel for Hydrogen Service atElevated Temperatures & Pressure
19) API RP 1102 - Steel Pipeline Crossing Rail Road& Highways.
20) API 1104 - Standard for Welding Pipeline and
21) API RP 1110 - Pressure testing of liquid petroleum
22) API 2009 - Safe Welding, Cutting and Hot Win the Petroleum Industries.
23) API 2201 - Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petrochemical Industries.
1.2 AISI STANDARDS The American Iron and Steel Institute Standards specify thchemical properties. When specific mode of manufacture of the e
concern, then the material can be identified by the AISI standards. Th
used AISI specifications are:
1) AISI 410 - 13% Chromium Alloy Steel
2) AISI 304 - 18/8 Austenitic Stainless Steel
3) AISI 316 - 18/8/3 Austenitic Stainless Steel
1.3 ASME STANDARDS
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
5/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
2) ASME B 31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping
3) ASME B 31.3 - Process Piping
4) ASME B 31.4 - Pipeline Transportation System fo
hydrocarbon and other Liquids
5) ASME B 31.5 - Refrigeration Piping
6) ASME B 31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution
7) ASME B 31.9 - Building Services Piping
8) ASME B 31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping Syste
9) ASME B 31.G - Manual for determining the remai
corroded piping - A supplement to
Of the above, the most commonly used code is ASME B 31.3. Refine
plants are designed based on the same. All power plants are design
B31.1.
SELECTION OF DESIGN CODE
Unless agreement is specifically made between the contracting partiissue or the regulatory body having jurisdiction imposes the use of
latest edition and addenda issued 6 months prior to the original contrgood for the first phase of the completion of work and initial operation.
It is the responsibility of the userto select the Code Section, which mosa proposed piping installation.
Factors to be considered include:
Technical limitations of the Code Section, jurisdictional requiapplicability of other Codes and Standards. All applicable requiremen
Code shall be met. For some installations, more than one Code Sect
different parts of the installation. The user is responsible for imposupplementary to those of the Code if necessary to assure safe piping
installation.
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
6/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
The Code sets forth engineering requirements deemed necessary for th
construction of pressure piping. While safety is the basic consideration
will not necessarily govern the final specification for any piping installa
The Code prohibits designs and practices known to be unsafe and cwhere caution, but not prohibition, is warranted. The designer is ca
Code is not a design handbook; it does not do away with the need fo
competent engineering judgement.
Other major ASME dimensional standards referred for the piping eleme
1) ASME B 1.1 - Unified Inch Screw Threads
2) ASME B 1.20.1 - Pipe Threads general purpose
(Ex ANSI B2.1)
3) ASME B 16.1 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flange
4) ASME B 16.3 - Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings.
5) ASME B 16.4 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
6) ASME B 16.5 - Steel Pipe flanges and Flanged Fit
7) ASME B 16.9 - Steel Butt welding Fittings
8) ASME B 16.10 - Face to face and end to end dimenValves
9) ASME B 16.11 - Forged steel Socket welding and Tfittings
10) ASME B 16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for pipe flanges
joint, spiral wound and jacketed fl
11) ASME B 16.21 - Non-Metallic Gasket for pipe flan
12) ASME B 16.24 - Cast copper Alloy Pipe Flanges an
Fittings
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
7/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
16) ASME B 16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges & Flang
Fittings Class 150 and 300
17) ASME B 16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges N
18) ASME B.16.48 - Line Blanks.
19) ASME B 16.49 - Factory made Induction bends
20) ASME B 18.2 1 & 2 - Square and hexagonal head Bolts
(inch & mm)
21) ASME B 36.10 - Welded and seamless Wrought St
22) ASME B 36.19 - Welded and Seamless Austenitic SSteel Pipes.
1.4 ASTM STANDARDS
ASTM standards consist of 16 sections on definitions and materials of construction and test methods. Most of the ASTM mate
adapted by ASME and are specified in ASME Section II. ASME S
parts.1.4.1 Part-A - Ferrous materials specifica
1.4.2 Part-B - Non-ferrous materials spec
1.4.3 Part-C - Specification for welding m1.4.4 Part-D - Properties of materials.
In Part-II, the materials are listed in the Index based on the available for
castings, tubes, etc. and also on the numerical index.
The selection of ASTM specification depends upon the type of mof material, its mechanical strength and the corrosion properties.
The specification number is given on Alphabetical prefix, A for
and B for Non-ferrous materials.
ASTM also specifies standard practice for numbering metal andNumbering System.
UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM (UNS)
The UNS number was established by ASME & SAE in 1974. The U
ifi i i i bli h i f f di i
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
8/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
UNS establishes 18 series numbers of metals and alloys. Each UN
consists of a single letter prefix followed by five digits. In most cases th
suggestive of the family of the metal identified.
1. A00001 - A 99999 - Aluminium and Aluminium
2. C00001 - C 99999 - Copper and Copper alloys
3. D00001 - D 99999 - Specified mechanical prop
4. E00001 - E 99999 - Rare earth and rare earth lialloys
5. F00001 - F 99999 - Cast Iron and Cast Steels
6. G00001 - G 99999 - AISI and SAE Carbon and
7. H00001 - H 99999 - AISI H Steels
8. J00001 - J 99999 - Cast Steels
9. K00001 - K 99999 - Miscellaneous Steels and F
10. L00001 - L 99999 - Low melting metals and al
11. M00001 - M 99999 - Miscellaneous non-ferrous
12. N00001 - N 99999 - Nickel and Nickel alloys
13. P00001 - P 99999 - Precious metals and alloys
14. R00001 - R 99999 - Reactive and Refractory m
15. S00001 - S 99999 - Stainless Steels
16. T00001 - T 99999 - Tool Steels
17. W00001 - W99999 - Welding Filler Metals and
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
9/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
manufacturers have given their own brand names for the various electr
under these names.
1.6 AWWA STANDARDS
The American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards relements required for low-pressure water services. These are less st
standards. Valves, flanges, etc. required for large diameter water pip
under this standard and are referred rarely by CPI Piping Engineers.
1) C-500 - Gate Valves for water & sewage system
2) C-504 - Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves
3) C-507 - Ball valves 6 48
4 C-508 - Swing Check Valves 2 24
5) C-509 - Resilient Seated Gate Valves for water &
6) C-510 - Cast Iron Sluice Gates
1.7 MSS-SP STANDARDS
In addition to the above standards and material codes, there are
followed by manufacturers. These are published as advisory standarfollowed. A large number of MSS Practices have been approved
ANSI/ASME Standards published by others. In order to maintain aauthoritative information, the MSS withdraws those Standard Practic
The most common MSS-SP standards referred for piping are:
1) MSS-SP-6 - Standard Finishes for Contact Sur
2) MSS-SP-25 - Standard Marking System for Val
Flanges
3) MSS-SP-42 - Class 150 Corrosion Resistant Gat
Check Valves.
4) MSS-SP-43 - Wrought Stainless Steel Buttweld
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
10/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
8) MSS-SP-68 - High Pressure Offseat Design But
9) MSS-SP-69 - Pipe Hangers and Supports: Selecapplication
10) MSS-SP-70 - Cast Iron Gate Valves
11) MSS-SP-71 - Cast Iron Check Valves
12) MSS-SP-72 - Ball Valves
13) MSS-SP-75 - High test wrought buttwelding fitt
14) MSS-SP-78 - Cast Iron Plug Valves
15) MSS-SP-80 - Bronze Gate, Globe and Check Va
16) MSS-SP-81 - Stainless Steel Bonnetless Knife G
17) MSS-SP-83 - Pipe Unions
18) MSS-SP-85 - Cast Iron Globe Valves
19) MSS-SP-88 - Diaphragm Type Valves
20) MSS-SP-89 - Pipe Hangers and Supports: Fabri
installation practices.
21) MSS-SP-90 - Pipe Hangers and Supports: Guide
terminology
22) MSS-SP-92 - MSS Valve user guide
23) MSS-SP-95 - Swaged Nipples
24) MSS-SP-97 - Integrally reinforced Branch outle
25) MSS-SP-108 - Resilient Seated Eccentric CI Plug
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
11/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
2.0 BRITISH STANDARDS
In many instances, it is possible to find a British Standardsubstituted for American Standards. Now the Committee for European
issuing standards replacing different standards in force in the EuAccordingly, lot of BS and DIN standards are getting replaced by CEN
exist in three official versions; English, French & German..
There are certain British Standards referred to by Indian Manconstruction of piping elements such as valves. The most common
Standards in the Piping Industry are:
1) BS 10 - Flanges
2) BS 916 - Black Bolts, Nuts and Screws (ob
3) BS 970 - Steel for forging, bars, rods, valve
(Replaced by BS 3410)
4) BS 1306 - Copper and Copper alloy Pressure
5) BS 1414 - Gate Valves for Petroleum Industr(withdrawn & replaced by BSEN
6) BS 1560 - Steel Pipe Flanges (class designat
7) BS 1600 - Dimensions of Steel Pipes
8) BS 1640 - Butt Welding Fittings
9) BS 1868 - Steel Check Valves for Petroleum
10) BS 1873 - Steel Globe & Check Valves for P
11) BS 1965 - Butt welding Pipe Fittings
12) BS 2080 - Face to Face / End to End dimensi(Withdrawn & Replaced by BSEN
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
12/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
16) BS 3293 - C.S. Flanges 26-48 NB
17) BS 3381 - Metallic Spiral Wound Gaskets
18) BS 3600 - Dimensions of Welded and SeamlTubes.
19) BS 3601 - C.S. Pipes & Tubes for pressure p
temperature
20) BS 3602 - C.S. Pipes & Tubes for pressure ptemperature
21) BS 3603 - C.S. and Alloy steel Pipes & Tube
purposes at low temperature.
22) BS 3604 - Alloy steel Pipes & Tubes for high
23) BS 3605 - S.S. Pipes & Tubes for pressure pu
24) BS 3799 - SW/Screwed Fittings
25) BS 3974 - Pipe hangers, Slides & Roller type
26) BS 4346 - PVC pressure Pipe joints & Fitti
27) BS 4504 - Steel, CI & Copper alloy Flanges
28) BS 5150 - CI Wedge and Double Disc Gate
purposes
29) BS 5151 - CI Gate (parallel slide) valves for
30) BS 5152 - CI Globe & Check valves for gene
31) BS 5153 - CI Check valves for general purpo
32) BS 5154 - Copper alloy Gate, Globe, Check
-
7/27/2019 TN Gopinath
13/299
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
36) BS 5159 - CI and CS Ball Valves for general
37) BS 5160 - Flanged steel Globe and Check Va
purposes.
38) BS 5163 - Double flanged Cast Iron wedge G
water works purposes.
39) BS 5351 - Steel Ball Valves for petroleum in
by ISO 17292)
40) BS 5352 - Steel Gate, Globe, Check Valves