to begin with... a recap on subshells. electron subshell recap question: write out the full...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
To begin with...
A recap on subshells
![Page 2: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
![Page 3: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
![Page 4: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
![Page 5: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Si
![Page 6: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
Si 1s2
![Page 7: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2
Si 1s2 2s2
![Page 8: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Si 1s2 2s2 2p6
![Page 9: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2
Si 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Si 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
![Page 10: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p2
Si 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
![Page 11: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Si 1s2 2s2 2p6
![Page 12: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Si 1s2 2s2 2p6
![Page 13: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Si [Ne] 3s2 3p2
![Page 14: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What about Cl-
![Page 15: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Cl 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p5
3s2 3p5
![Page 16: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Cl 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p5
3s2
BUT
![Page 17: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Its Cl-1
• Which means it has an extra electron!
![Page 18: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Cl 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p5+1=6
3s2
![Page 19: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
1s2
2s2 2p6
Cl 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p6
3s2
![Page 20: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Have a go at potassium• And then K+1 (hint it has lost 1 electron).
![Page 21: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Now attempt the worksheet...
![Page 22: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ions and metallic bonding
To be able to work out the charge on different ions
To know the properties of metallic bonding
![Page 23: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ions• Ions are atoms or molecules that have lost or
gained electron(s).• Positively charged ions are known as cations – Just think, cats are great, really positive
• Negatively charged ions are called anions– No one likes onions...
• Metals lose electrons to become positive (cations)
• Non-metals gain electrons to become negative (anions).
![Page 24: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• If you see a Roman numeral after an element it usually means how many electrons it has lost.
• Transition metals can promote electrons within sub shells to lose varying numbers of electrons.
![Page 25: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What charge will form?
• The easiest way to predict how many electrons will be lost or gained is to use the periodic table.
• Group 1 lose 1 electron• Group 2 lose 2 electrons• Group 6 gain 2 electrons• Group 7 gain 1 electron• This is because atoms are looking to fill/empty
outer shells.
![Page 26: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Quick task
• Can you predict how many electrons will be lost or gained by the following elements?– O– Cl– Al– Br– Na– Ca– H– Fe?
![Page 27: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Have a go at the worksheet...
![Page 28: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Electron subshell recap
• Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
![Page 29: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Metallic bonding• Metals tend to have high melting points and boiling
points suggesting strong bonds between the atoms. Even a metal like sodium (melting point 97.8°C) melts at a considerably higher temperature than the element (neon) which precedes it in the Periodic Table.
• The simplest description of the bonding in metals consists of a lattice of metal cations in a sea of delocalised electrons.
• A metal atom releases its outer electrons into the sea, but its core electrons remain localised around its nucleus. This extensive delocalisation of valence electrons is responsible for most of the properties of metals.
![Page 30: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• There is an attraction between the positive cations and the negative electrons.
• The more negative electrons in the outer shell available to become delocalised, the stronger the bonding.
• There the higher boiling point.• Which metal has a higher boiling point,
sodium or magnesium?
![Page 31: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• What happens as you go down the group?• More shielding from inner shells, therefore
less of a positive charge to attract to the delocalised electrons.
• Therefore weaker intermolecular bonding• Therefore lower melting points.
![Page 32: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Diagram...
![Page 33: To begin with... A recap on subshells. Electron subshell recap Question: Write out the full electronic subshell for the element: Si 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052603/56649cdc5503460f949a6f19/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Key definitions
• Metallic bonding: The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.