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AD297088

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FROMDistribution authorized to U.S. Gov't.agencies and their contractors; ForeignGovernment Information; SEP 1962. Otherrequests shall be referred to BritishEmbassy, 3100 Massachusetts Avenue, NW,Washington, DC 20008.

AUTHORITY

DSTL, ADM 227/1910, 13 Aug 2008

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AD29.7 088

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UNCLASSIFIED,

NOTICE: When government or other drawings, speci-fications or other data are used for any purposeother than in connection with a definitely relatedgovernment procurement operation, the U. S.Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor anyobligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Govern-ment may have formulated, furnished, or in any waysupplied the said drawings, specifications, or otherdata is not to be regarded by implication or other-wise as in any manner licensing the holder or anyother person or corporation, or conveying any rightsor permission to manufacture, use or sell anypatented invention that may in any way be relatedthereto.

~613j 3 .2'

CReport No.........

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

ADMIRALTY ENGINEERINGLABORATORY

WEST DRAYTON, MIDDLESEX

EM10,, SIX '354 ' MARIM NE.

ADMIRALTY TM -2sl LAR 1.

A S TI A

MAR 1 WN

NO OTS 'LS17

Copy No. . . .

Wt 25074/P4562 2-. (h 10/58 We. & S. Gp. 805.

A.LL.REPORT NO.30.

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A.E.L. REPCT NO. 366.

SEPTEMER. 1962.

ADMIRAIIY ENGINEERING LABORATORY

WEST DRAYTON.

PERKINS SIX '354' MARINE ENGINE.

ADMIRALTY TYPE TEST PART I.

p

Approved

"Ds;ty Superinjendent. Superintendent.

Requests for permission to publish or disclose any ofthe material contained in this document and anyenquiries conoerning its contents should be addressedto Director General Ships (D.M.E.) Admiralty, Bath.

This document is issued by Superintendent, AdmiraltyEngineering Laboratory, and the views expressed in itare not necessarily those held by the Division ofMarine Engineering.

t

SUMMARY.

The Admiralty Type Test Part I of the

Perkins Six '354' Marine Engine is reported.

The engine was given an Admiralty Test

Rating of 95 b.h.p. at 240 r.p.m.

The test was ooapleted in May 1962.

A,

A.E.L. REPORT No. 366.

DISTRIBUTION.

Copy No.

Loopiea - A.E.L. (internal use) 1 - 4

1 oopy - T.L.I.C., 5D.G.S., D.M.E., Bath.

1 to - D.G.S., D.M.E., Bath. 6(attn. Cdr. E.R. May)

24 copies - D.R.D.S., A.O.S.I.L. 7 - 30for distribution to:-C.B.N.S. - 2 copiesU.S.N.A. - 5 It

U.S.O.N.R.(L) - I1 copyU.S.J.S.R.P. - 2 coopiesS.(T).O. Ottawa - 1 copyN.T.L.O. Australia - iIt"

Ioopy - C.R.N.S.S. 31

I to - Messrs. Perkins Ltd., 32Peterborough.(attn. Mr. Bowyer).

I " - M.E.X.E., Christohurch. 33(attn. Mr. Scivier)

V.

A..L. BPCQRT NO. 366.

GONTEIM.

Page

Title Page .. i

Summary .... ii

Distribution ... iii

Contents .. v

Introduction .... 1

Engine Data .... I

Principal Results .... I

Range of Tests ... 1

Endurance . °. 2

Test Procedure .... 2

Test Data .... 2

Defects Arising During Test .. 2

General Remarks .... 2 -

Conolusions ....

Specification and Component Report .. 5 - 12

Tables I - 4.

Figs. I - 13.

A.E.L. REPORT NO. 366.

SETmBER. 1962.

ADMIRALTY ENGINEERING LBORATORYWEST DRAYTON.

PERIS SIX '354' MARINE ENGINE.ADMIRALTY TYPE TEST PART I.

INTRODUCTION.

The Perkins Six '354' Marine Engine (No. 8002730) tested was suppliedfrom current production in October 1961 and was tested as received withoutgearbox.

The gearbox (to be supplied by Messrs. Self-Change Gears Ltd.) willbe fitted for Part III of the Type Test.

ENGINE DATA.

Vertical four-stroke, direct injection, compression ignition engine.

6 cylinders-in-line 3.875 inch bore x 5 inch stroke Maker's Rating(Marine) 105 s.h.p. at 2400 r.p.m. (intermittent).

Admiralty Test Rating: 95 b.h.p. at 2400 r.p.m.

PRINCIPAL RESULTS.

Average fuel Average lubricating

Test consumption Exhaust oil consumptionlb./b.h.p./hr. shade lb./hr. %Fuel

72 hours at 95% A.T.R. 0.381 C/SS 0.032 0.08

12 hours at i0W% A.T.R. 0.378 C/SS -

2 hours at 110/ A.T.R. I 0.375 C/SS

RANGE OF TESTS. b.m.e.p.

r.p.m. b.h.p. p.s.i.Loop Test 1500 26.8 - 73.7 40 - 110

1800 32.1 - 88.4 40 - 110

2000 35.7 - 98.2 40 - 110

2200 39.1 - 108 40 - 110

2400 42.9 - 110.7 40 - 104.4

2500 44.6 - 109.8 40 - 98.4

For results, see Table I and Figs. I - 7.

2.

ENDURCE.

72 hours at 95% A.T.R. 2400 r.p.m. 90.3 b.h.p. 8).1 p.s.i.b.m.e.p.

12 " "100 " 2400 " 95.0 " 88.5 "

2 " " 110 " 24.00 " 104-.5 " 97.3 "

For results see Tables 2 and 3.

TEST PROCEDURE.

The engine was installeg with four L-type anti-vibration mountingson a test bed inclined at 15 to the horizontal and coupled through aoardan shaft to a Heenan and Froude DPX.3 dynamometer.

Distilled water was used in the coolant circuit. The raw waterinlet temperature was variable between 620 and 850F.

TEST DATA.

Fuel: S.G. at 60°F:- 0.8390

Cetane No:- 59

Sulphur:- 0.91%

Lbricating Oil: OMD.112.

(For analyses seoe Table 4).

DEFECTS ARISING DURING TEST.

No defects developed during the test.

GENERAL REMARKS.

Construction. (See Fig.13).

The crankcase and cylinder block is a one piece high duty iron alloycasting. The sides of the block extend below the crankshaft centre line toform a stiffening skirt for the main bearing housing r.bs. The cylinderblock carries the centrifugally cast dry liners which are renowable.

The crankshaft, of chrome molybdenum steel is carried in seven mainbearings, end float being controlled by steel-backed lead bronze faced thrustwashers located in the centre bearing cap and housing. A viscous vibrationdamper is fitted to the crankshaft pulley at the free end of the engine.

The large end and main bearing shells are lined with aluminium-tinand the lart end bearing caps are located to the rod by serrations.

The cylinder head is a one piece alloy iron casting with a conventionaloverhead valve gear arrangement. The combustion chamber is formed by thetoroidal piston cavity.

The fuel injection pump is of the distributor type with built-in

hydraulic governor, flange mounted, and. driven by a worm integral withthe auxiliary drive shaft. Single helical gears are employed for thetiming gear train at the free end of the engine.

The engine is complete with all accessories and it should be noted thatthe engine lubricating oil cooler is sea-water cooled, the cooler beinsited to draw inlet sea-water via the gear box oil cooler (when fitted) onthe auction side of the sea-water pump.

3.

Accessibility.

Accessibility for routine maintenance is good. Stripping for majoroverhaul is straightforward, no special tools are required but the use ofan overhaul stand is reoommended.

The engne can be completely stripped by one mechanic in approximately8 hours. kIt is necessary to remove the bell housing to remove thecrankshaft). Re-building the engine takes approximately 15 hours.

Starting.

No difficulty was experienced in starting the engine at normal ambienttemperatures. No cold start tests have yet been attempted. It was foundthat after emptying the lubricating oil from the sump it was necessary, withthe engine set up at 150 to the horizontal, to prime the oil system to raiseoil pressure on starting. This condition may possibly be corrected by anoil pump having a finer rotor clearance which will be fitted before commencingany further tests.

Slow Running.

The engine when warm will idle down to 300-350 r.p.m. but the minimumspeed without its rocking on its mountings, is 700-750 r.p.m.

Vibration and Noise.

The engine appears to be noisy at speeds over 2200 r.p.m. but belowthis speed the noise level compares favourably with engines of similarpower. Apart from very low speeds (300-700 r.p.m.) the engine did notappear to have any critical vibration period.

Combustion.

The combustion characteristics of the engine are good but the exhaustis not completely clean at any power. Noticeable shading is apparent atapproximately 90 p.s.i. b.m.e.p. and above.

Lubricating Oil.

The consumption of lubricatin6 oil during the 72 hour 95% A.T.R.endurance test was extremely low, but no ill effects were shown by thepiston/liner working surfaces.

The combination of low oil consumption and oil temperatures around190-200°F is thought to have caused the fairly rapid deterioration of theoil. The analysis check after 134 hours running showed the oil to havea Strong Acid Number (to pH4) of 1.52. (See Table 4).

The oil was changed at this time, the engine running only five morehours before completion of the test.

Condition After Test.

The general condition of the engine after test is oonsidered satisfactory,no excessive wear being seen on any major oomponent.

The appearance of the large end bearing shells particularly No.1 hasbeen established by the bearing makers as being due to dirt, possiblyintroduced from the sasting oil passages.

The exhaust valve stems show marked signs of dragging in the guides.The latter have been modified in later production by a oounterbore at theirlower ends, to eliminate this condition.

CONCLUIONS.

i. The engine has been given an Admiralty Test Rating of 95 b.h.p. at

2400 r.p.m. and can be recommended for Admiralty service.

2. The power available for boat propulsion through a reduction gearboxwill be determined before commencing a 1000 hour endurance test for thatapplication.

E.J. Watts, Sen.Soi.Asst.

Submitted by W.H. Ray, P.3.0.

ARVIIO/PC.

5.

SPECIFICATION AND C0MPONENT REPORT.

Maker: Perkins Engines Ltd., Peterborough.

Type: Vertical four-stroke in-line compression ignition engine.

Type No.: Six '354'(M).

Purpose: Marine Propulsion.

Maker's Continuous Rating: 81 s.h.p. (Direct drive) at 2000 r.p.m.

Admiralty Test Rating: 95 b.h.p. (no gearbox) at 2400 r.p.m.

No. of Cylinders: Six.

Bore: 3.875"

Stroke: 5.0"

Total Swept Volume: 354 ou.ins. (5.8 litres).

Compression Ratio: 16:1

Piston Speed: 2,000 ft./min. at 2400 r.p.m.

Firing Order: 1, 5, 3, 6, 2, 4.

Lubricating Oil Capacity: 23 pints.

Rotation Viewed from Free End: Clockwise.

Timns: Inlet valve opens 130 before T.D.C." " closes 43 after B.D.C.

Exhaust valve opens: 560 before B.D.C." closes: 100 after T.D.C.

Injection (static) begins: 280 before T.D.C.

Tappet Clearance: 0.010" (Hot)

Overall Dimensions: (Without gearbox).

Length W"Widt. 29"Height above crankshaft 2A"

Depth below crankshaft 10"

Weight: 1164 lb. (Without gearbox but including all ancillaries).

Wt./b.h.p. at 95 b.h.p. (Admiralty Test Rating) 12.3 lb.

Wt./ou.in./Swept Volume 3.29 lb.

b.h.p./Litre 16.3

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TABLE i.

LOOP TESTS.

r.p.m. 1500 1800 2000 2200 2400 2500

Max. 110 110 t10 110 104.. 98.4b.m.e.p, p.s.i. 40 40 40 40 4.0

Corresponding Exhaust Max. 760 815 865 890 920 880Temperature OF. Min. 360 450 435 480 505 530

In Max. 169 169 169 170 169 166Min. 165 157 147 164 158 160

Coolant Temp. OF. -

Out Max. 182 183 183 185 182 180Min. 175 167 158 176 170 171

In Max. 82 83 84 85 84 83Min. 80 77 62 76 80 79

Raw Water Temp. O-.

out Max. 111 112 115 111 112 110Min. 95 96 78 92 96 90

In Max. 145 153 161 16+ 172 174Lubricating ol Min. 138 139 144 157 164 161

Temprature -F-.

out max. 160 170 181 186 195 197Min. 150 151 161 176 185 189

Atmospheric Temp. OF. Max. 92 89 98 98 105 96

Iin. 74 76 70 78 78 81, , - - J -,

72 Hours Enduranoe Test 95% A.T.R. 90.3 b.h.p. 84.1 p.s.i. b.m.e.p. 24M00 r.p.m.

1st 24 2nd 24 3rd 24 Total 72hours hours hours hours

Fuel Consumption Mean .377 .383 .383 .381lb./b.h.p./hr. Max. .383 .383 .383 .383Min. .376 .383 .383 .376

Mean 738 751 747 74-5Exhaust Temp. OF. Max, 750 760 755 760

Min. 720 75 740 720

Exhaust Shade C/SS C/SS C/SS C/SS

Mean Exhaust Back Pressure "H20 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

Mean 167 166 165 166In Max. 170 169 169 170

Min. 165 162 160 160

Coolant Temp. OF.

Mean 182 181 181 181out Max. 184 185 186 186

Min. 176 177 175 175

Mean Raw Water In 81 79 81 80Temp. OF. Out 105 103 105 104

Mean 171 169 169 170In Max. 175 171 172 175

Min. 168 162 164 162Lubricating OilTemp. OF.

Mean 196 193 193 194Out Max. 200 195 195 200

Min. 192 188 189 1 188

Engine Lubrioating Oil Press. p.s.i. 43 43 43 43

Mean Atmospheric Temp.0F. 84 85 835 85

TABlE 3

12 Hours Test 100% A.T.R. 95.0 b.h.p. 88.5 p.s.i. b.m.e.p. 2400 r.p.m.

Ist I 2nd 4 3rd 4 Total 12hours hours hours hours

Mean .378 .378 .378 .378

Fuel Consumption M378 .378 .378 .378lb./b.h.p./hr. max. a378 .378 .378 .378min. -378 .378 .378 .378

Mean 775 780 761 772Exhaust Temp. OF. Max. 780 780 765 780

Min. 765 780 760 760

Exhaust Shade c/s3 C/Ss c/ss c/Ss

Mean Exhaust Back Pressure "H20 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0

f Mean 167 169 166 167Ini Max. 168 170 168 170

Min. 165 168 162 162

Coolant Temp. OF. -

Mean 184 187 183 185Out Max. 186 187 186 187

Min. 183 186 179 179

Mean Raw Water In 82 81 82 82Temp. OF. Out 106 106 107 106

Mean 170 170 171 170In Max. 170 170 172 172

Min. 169 170 170 169Lubricating Oil

Temp. O . -. .i Mean 193 194. 195 194

Out Max. 194 194 195 195Min. 191 19. 194 191

Engine Lubricating Oil Pressure p.a.i. 43 43 43 43

Mean Atmospheric Temp. OF. 81 84 93 86

TABLE _ (Continued)

2 Hours Overload Teat 110/ A.T.R. 104.5 b.h.p. 97.3 p.s.i. b.m.e.p. 2400 r.p.m.

E Coolant Raw Water I b. Oil Atm.Fuel Cons. Eimt Temp. OF Temp. OF I Teap. OF Tom~p. OFlhbbp/br. Book~ Pro

Temp. °F. Shade OH,2 in out In cut In out

.375 ...

.37 E3 cSS 2-783 1101173 196 95

TABLE 4

OD.112 Lubrioat Oi! Analysis.

Hours Run by Sesple Umed 134

A.0.L. Ret. No. 2783/62 3015/62

Flash Point OF 440 395

Viscosity Kinematic at 100°F c.s. 132 126

Pentane Inholubles % w. Iess than 0.01 0.43

Benzene Inaolublea % w. Lou than 0.01 0.29

Aciitr (kaectrometric titra..o)

Initial $pf 8.2 2.1

Total Acid Mmoer pH111 mg.KOH/g. 1.85 2.2

8trong 0 p14 i 111 1.52

Total Bas e p4 * 1.37 Nil

Carbon Residue (Ramebottom) W. 0.86 1.15

Bulphated Rtesidue 0.83 0.73

--. L REPORT No. 366

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Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suit 0944Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6218U.S.A.

AD#: AD297088

Date of Search: 13 August 2008

Record Summary: ADM 227/1910Title: Perkin 6 354 marine engine: type testAvailability Open Document, Open Description, Normal Closure before FOl Act: 30 yearsFormer reference (Department) Report No. 366Held by The National Archives, Kew

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