34 THE REFLECTION

Copyright © 2011Development Project Service Centre (DEPROSC) Nepal

P.O. Box: 10953, Thapathali, Kathmandu, NepalPhone: +977-1-4244723, 4230175, Fax: +977-1-4262396

Email: deprosc@gmail.com, www. deprosc.org.np

Design/LayoutCapital Computer Land

Tel: 016616447, Email: bikashbyanju@gmail.com

THE REFLECTION 35

Abbreviations I

Foreword II

DEPROSC-Nepal 1

Micro-finance 4

Food Security and Sustainable Livelihood 8

Natural Resource Management 13

Education 16

Health, Hygiene and Nutrition 19

Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Response 21

Infrastructure 23

Lession Learned 25

Projects Implemented by DEPROSC- Nepal 26

Research and Studies Conducted by DEPROSC-Nepal 30

Financial Statement 31Partners/Donors and Support Banks 33

Table of Contents

36 THE REFLECTION

ALC Adult Literacy ClassBLC Business Literacy ClassCBO Community Based

OrganizationCC-OSC Child Centered-Out of School

ChildrenCDC Child Development CentreCFUGs Community Forest User

GroupsDADO District Agriculture

Development OfficeDDC District Development

CommitteeDEPROSC Development Project Service

Centre - NepalDRR Disaster Risk ReductionECDC Early Childhood Development

CentreEIA Environment Impact

AssessmentFA Farmers AssociationFCHV Female Community Health

VolunteerFFS Farmer Field SchoolFFW Food for WorkHVCC High Value Cash CropICS Improved Cook StoveIDP Internally Displaced PeopleJTA Junior Technical AssistantLFGs Leasehold Forest User GroupsLRP Local Resource PersonMAPs Medical and Aromatic Plants

MGD Millennium Development GoalMT Metric ToneMUS Multiple Water Use SystemNEFSCUN National Federation of Savings

and Credit Union of NepalNRB Nepal Rastra BankNTFP Non-Tiber Forest ProductORS Oral Rehydration SolutionPG Producer GroupPRSP Poverty Reduction Strategic

PaperPWD People With DisabilityQERP Quality Education Research

PackageRSRF Rural Self Reliance FundRWSS Rural Water Supply and

SanitationSALT Sloping Agricultural Land

TechnologySCC Savings and Credit CooperativesSCG Savings and Credit GroupSHG Self Help GroupSHP Sub Health PostSMC School Management CommitteeSOC School Outreach ChildrenTBSU Trail Bridge Support UnitVDC Village Development CommitteeVMMA Veterinary Medicine Marketing

AssociationWASH Water Sanitation and HygieneWIDPO Water Induced Disaster

Prevention Office

AbbreviationAbbreviationAbbreviationAbbreviationAbbreviation

I

THE REFLECTION 37

FOREWORD FOREWORD FOREWORD FOREWORD FOREWORDFollowing political changes during early 1990s, anenabling environment was created for the non-governmental sector to contribute to the nationaldevelopment. Viewed from this perspective,establishing an NGO in the country was a privilegehaving opportunity to exercise fundamental civil right.This led to the tremendous growth of the NGO sector.Development Project Service Centre (DEPROSC Nepal)was established on September 26, 1993. NGO culturewas quite new to the nation in every aspect:Governance, Management, Donor’s support, Projectimplementation, Approval and Coordination with thegovernment bureaucracy. Above all, institutionalizationand sustainability of NGO itself was in question. On theother hand, it was a great challenge to meet the risingaspiration of people which was quite understandablewith the onset of democratic norms and value in thecountry. The challenge was to ensure that the benefitsof development reached onto the doors of every Nepaliconcentrating mostly on geographically and sociallyexcluded dalits, ethnic, marginalized, women, peoplewith disability and HIV/AIDS, and other vulnerable anddiscriminated groups.

At the outset DEPROSC - Nepal, conceived entirely byindividuals involved in the development field had only aclear vision and full commitment and a meagre sum ofNRs. 30,000 was collected from among the members.The centre began its development journey with theimplementation of 20 adult literacy quotas. As of nowDEPROSC has completed numerous projects andresearch/ studies, period ranging from one month to 7years. In this endeavour, DEPROSC has been privilegedto serve more than one million populations today.

During the last 18 years of its service, the Centre hasmade meaningful contribution in the field of ruraldevelopment. Significant achievements have beenmade in the area of microfinance; natural resourcemanagement; food security and rural livelihoods;community infrastructure and institutionaldevelopment. Moreover, nutrition, health, sanitation,women empowerment and gender, humanitarianassistance, disaster preparedness and response aresome of the cross cutting areas that DEPROSC has beenaddressing.

People centred, participatory bottom up planning,transparency across all level, political neutrality, costeffectiveness, result oriented social mobilization, pro-poor focus, positive discrimination and rights basedapproach are some of the features of DEPROSC Nepalthat have helped to establish, perform and growconsistently even in the daunting socio-politicalscenario. I remain ever grateful for the determination

and dedication of DEPROSCNepal team for their resultoriented contribution.

Development themes andapproaches that the Centre hasadapted have also evolved along with the goals,priorities and strategies adopted by the governmentthrough periodic plans, PRSP and MDG. Accordinglythe role of civil society has also evolved over time.Subsidy based support has switched to sharing based,sense of recipient has been dropped acknowledging therights of the people, and infrastructure and incomefocus development has added the need of humandevelopment. Development interventions have nowbecome sensitive to socio-culture and environment.

From the very beginning DEPROSC – Nepal was quiteconscious regarding the sustainability of itsdevelopmental endeavours and thus has laid specialemphasis on legal identity, technology and skills transfer,financial mechanism and linkage establishment withthe state machinery..

We are honoured on the one hand to have been able tomeet the developmental needs of the people in Nepalat one level, while assuring the issue ofinstitutionalization and sustainability of the institutionitself on the other. In this effort, the Centre hasdeveloped a sound infrastructure base, adequate stateof arts, professionally enriched human resource andlong term revenue generation mechanism.

Following the radical change in political system of Nepalentering into a Federal democratic republic,developmental needs of people has grownexponentially.. In this context, role of civil society ingeneral becomes further crucial not only in fulfillingthe gaps between rights holders and duty bearers, butalso bridging between locals and donors; capacitatingCBOs and local NGOs; strengthening governmentdelivery systems; advocacy and policy feedback to theplanner.

Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude toall the donor agencies, government of Nepal, NepalRastra Bank, Banks and financial institutions and lastbut not the least, to the rural people of Nepal for whomwe exist. I acknowledge the effort of the Board ofDirectors, members and colleague of DEPROSC - Nepalto bring about changes in organizational capacity tobring about desired changes in the target communities.

Pitambar Prasad AcharyaExecutive Director

II

THE REFLECTION 1

DEPROSC-Nepal head office

Development Project Service Centre (DEPROSC-Nepal) is a non-profit organization establishedon September 26 1993 (Ashwin 10, 2050 B.S.)under the Association Registration Act 1978 asa non-governmental organization (NGO). Thehead office is located at Thapathali, Kathmandu,Nepal.

DEPROSC Nepal is affiliated with Social WelfareCouncil (SWC) and Nepal Rastra Bank hasauthorized DEPROSC-Nepal to carry out limitedbanking functions. The Centre has beenpromoting participatory development byenabling communities to help themselvesthrough their own grass-root institutions.Dedicated to uplift the socio-economic conditionof poor and disadvantaged population, itdesigns various income and employmentgenerating programmes for participatory andsustainable development.

Vision

Being committed to social justice, gender equityand human resources development, DEPROSCNepal envisions a peaceful, prosperous andempowered rural Nepal.

Mission

DEPROSC-Nepal is committed to enhance theparticipation of rural people in general andpoorest of the poor, women and marginalizedethnic groups in particular in their developmentprocess for:

Micro-financeFood Security and Sustainable Livelihood,

Natural Resource Management.EducationHealth, Hygiene and Nutrition, andDisaster Risk Reduction and EmergencyResponse

With primary focus on fostering the evolutionof Community Based Organizations (CBOs) tocarry out their socio-economic activities in cost-effective way, DEPROSC-Nepal enhances theircapabilities through a package of technical,managerial, access to microfinance and materialinputs.

Objectives

The overall objective of DEPROSC-Nepal isto empower rural people for attaining self-sustaining socio-economic upliftmentthrough a package of policy and actionresearch.Its specific objectives are to:

Act as an intermediary betweendevelopment programmes of thegovernment, NGOs, bi-lateral and multi-lateral projects and local small/marginalfarmers’ groups;Enhance the capabilities of CBOs byorganizing appropriate training andinvolving them as partners in thedevelopment process;Organise different skill based trainingprogrammes for the dissemination ofimproved technology in agriculture,livestock, forestry and off-farm activities;

DEPROSC Nepal

DEPROSC Nepal

2 THE REFLECTION

Provide support services to localinstitutions for the development ofagriculture, irrigation, drinking water,cottage and rural industries, forestry andalternative energy and encourage themto undertake feasible and appropriateenterprises;Promote equal access to opportunities,resources, ownership and participationfor children, women, youths andunderprivileged section of the societies.Provide microfinance services in ruralareas;Mobilise, sensitize and develop thecapacity of rural and underprivilegedcommunities;Sensitize rural people to access maternalhealth care and to develop appropriatehygiene and nutrition habit;Organize community and improveresilience through preparedness andplanning at local level for potentialdisasters.

Strategy

Promoting people centred developmentby mobilizing local resourcesOrganizing the target beneficiaries intogroups at village level and federatingthese groups into CBOs throughbalanced representation of all membersof the groupsInvolving women (at least 50%) in allactivities and following positivediscrimination to the excluded andmarginalized groupInvolving target beneficiaries in allaspects of decision making process andmaintaining transparency at all levelsFollowing political, racial, geographical,caste neutralityDevelopong CBOs sustainable andfinancially viable institutionsIncreasing the awareness level ofmarginalized groups in terms of socialjustice and equity

Providing professional micro-financeservices by ensuring sustainability ofDEPROSC itself.

Approach

Follow exclusive and inclusive targetingparticipatory as per the nature of theprogramme;Ensure effective participation througheffective community mobilization;Develop synergy between thedevelopment agencies working at theground level;Formulate effective coordinationmechanism at the national and districtlevel stakeholders;Maintain transparency, sharing of budgetand programme, visibility etc;Follow phase wise institutionaldevelopment process.

Organization FinancialAdministrative Capacity

Human Resource: The Centre has amultidisciplinary versatile team of professionalsboth at the head office Kathmandu and regionaland district based offices. At present, it has 695staff from diversified fields: management,economics, microfinance, agriculture, NRM,social development, education, health,engineering, marketing, environment experts.

Logistical capacity: DEPROSC-Nepal has its ownland and building at head office in Kathmanduand in Regional Office Biratnagar while inanother Regional Office Nepaljung and 41districts have separate rented building toconduct its developmental programmes.

Technical capacity: DEPROSC-Nepal haslivelihood, advocacy and good governanceexperts at its Head Office as well as technicalstaff in the fields.

THE REFLECTION 3

Financial capacity: DEPROSC-Nepal hasmaintained standard financial managementsystem with following features.Separate accounts for each of the projectsimplemented and are independent of DEPROSC-Nepal main account.Almost all payments made by cheque throughBank transfers.Monthly expenditure statements-project wise(including original bills and vouchers) submittedto concerned donors.Bank statements reconciled monthly.Double entry system of accounting and annualinternal auditing system. Its has separateFinance and Administration department in theHead Office led by department head which isresponsible for the Management of Finance/Account and Administration functions. Besides,there is full fledged Accountant personnel inRegional, district and branch offices.

Equipment and Facilities

DEPROSC-Nepal has moderate resources suchas personal computers, Laptops with state-of-art software, equipment such as scanner, fax andphotocopier, digital cameras, LCD projectors,GPS receivers, 24 hours unlimited access tointernet, five- four wheeled vehicles, 56-motorcycles and other basic amenities requiredto function as a professional NGO. Its head officein Thapathali contains well equipped traininghall with seating capacity of 100 people. Logisticand secretarial support can also be providedduring the training conducted in the training hall.

Operational Strategy for the Projects

Key staff recruitment, Office establishment,Orientation to key staffInformation sharing meeting with LineAgencies and Stakeholder at different level(Central, Regional, District, Community)

Preparation of essential documentsincluding project operation manualLocal team hiring and orientation, localaction plan preparationCollection of baseline information as perindicatorSelection, review and finalization ofsettlement/beneficiaryMIS and updates, community level contractagreement, Program supportSupervision, Monitoring (PME)Periodic review workshop at all levelsRe-planning, Periodic Report preparationImpact assessment and studyLesson learned and experience sharingdissemination (Different level)Project completion Report, Replication atdifferent level

Policies and Procedure to ensureethical work standards

Constitution of the organizationFinancial and administrative regulationsActs, regulations and policies of Governmentof NepalRegulations and directives of Nepal RastraBankSigned contracts / agreements / MoUs withdonors/developmental partnersProgramme implementation guidelines

423

272 251

36

408

695

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

No. o

f sta

ff

Male Female Janajati Dalit Elite caste Total

Gender and Ethnicity

Human Resource at DEPROSC-Nepal

4 THE REFLECTION

During the early 90s was merely 20 per cent ofthe population had access to rural finance whichhas significantly increased over the years withthe establishment of micro-finance developmentbanks, financial intermediary NGOs and savingsand credit cooperatives following the enactmentof various acts and regulation. Despite theseefforts, about 38 percent of Nepalesehouseholds have an outstanding loan exclusivelyfrom the informal sector, 16 percent from boththe informal and formal sector, and 15 percentfrom only the formal sector. Moreover, accessto financial services still remains limited formany people in many parts of Nepal.

DEPROSC-Nepal, since its inception, hasenvisioned access of microfinance programmefor the rural poor as one of the key tools inpoverty reduction and bringing about socialchange. Accordingly, the Centre has developedit as a prime programme. It has basicallypromoted micro- finance from two dimensions.

A. Direct lending (group approach exclusivelyto women) and

B. Credit Union Model (promotion andstrengthening of saving and creditorganization)

A. DEPROSC - Nepal has obtained license fromthe Nepal Rastra Bank under the FinancialIntermediary Act 1998 to work as financialintermediary. It has been basically cateringits services in the areas of savings, credit,livestock insurance and transfer services tothe clients. DEPROSC-Nepal implementsmicro-finance under direct lending model in

Mic

rofi

na

nce

Mic

rofi

na

nce

Mic

rofi

na

nce

Mic

rofi

na

nce

Mic

rofi

na

nce

Riverbed farming

MICROFINANCE

THE REFLECTION 5

1 DEPROSC Nepal led to establish a separate bank - Deprosc Development Bank - in equity participation of majorcommercial banks: Agriculture Development Bank, Nepal Bank, Nabil Bank and Lumbini Finance and Leasing Co. in2000 as a second microfinance bank in Nepal from non - governmental sector.

11 districts having approval from NRB to workin 12 districts namely: Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari,Saptari, Bara, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Dhadhing,Makawanpur, Nuwakot, and Kathmandu with theaim to enhance the access to saving credit topoorer sections of society where commercialand/or development banks have no reach. It hasadopted the strategy to disburse loan with socialcapital as collateral. The programme attemptsto provide money directly in the hands of womenso that they can start some small scalebusiness, earn their livelihoods as well as payback the loan in a short interval of time. IThisservice is contributing in maintaining genderharmony and cooperation within the family.

Direct lending was initially started from twoVDCs of Rautahat as a pilot programme andlater DEPROSC established a micro-financedevelopment bank1 handing over the programmeto the bank. DEPROSC again replicated directlending micro-finance programme in Morang in1997 under the institution development model,which was later converted into the Grameenadaptation model. Monthly instalment, twomonths grace period and 3+2 are some of theunique features of this model adopted since thebeginning. Micro-finance programme operatedby DEPROSC has contributed significantly in thesocio-economic transformation of participatingclients, particularly rural poor families. Casestudies and impact evaluations have clearlydemonstrated improved health situation, betterfood, nutrition, clothing and hygiene situation,improved social capital, and decreasedhousehold level gender discrimination etc.because of the enhanced income through theaccess to financial services.

Ms. Devi Mahato: A successfulMicro Credit Client

Ms Yadav Devi Mahato, a member of group 7in Itahari VDC joined the Micro- creditprogramme on October, 2004. She obtained atotal loan of Rs. 15,000 for commercialvegetable production. The first loan was 5000,which she paid back in full and the secondone was 10,000 for the same purpose. Shesaved Rs. 30 per month in the group and hadan individual saving accumulation of Rs. 1103/-

According to Ms. Mahato, commercialvegetable production created job for her andher sister. Even though, she was alreadycultivating vegetable in 1.75 katha (583 sq m)prior to joining the programme, she becamefully involved in the business by expandingthe area. Last year, Ms. Mahato earned Rs.60,000 from vegetables, out of which shesaved Rs. 30,000.

With her earnings from the vegetableenterprise, she also got involved in cattlefarming. According to Ms. Mahato, she in nowable to spend on her son’s education. She hadno difficulty in paying back her instalments.She said, “The programme is very easy and Ido not think of repayment as a burden ratherit makes our life prosperous , meaningful andquite rewarding”.

DEPROSC Nepal has finally attained its primarygoal of financial sustainability. Various donors -Plan Nepal, The Lutheran World Federation andCanadian Cooperation Office have contributedsignificantly - technically and financially - inrendering the financial services to rural womenunder separate projects.

MICROFINANCE

6 THE REFLECTION

Donors Support in Direct LendingMicrofinance

Ø Plan Nepal: 1997 to 2005, Morang - ThreeBranches (24 VDC)

Ø Lutheran World Federation: 2002 to 2006,Jhapa and Lalitpur - Three Branches (13VDCs)

Ø Canadian Cooperation Office: 2003 to 2005,Sunsari - One Branch (5 VDCs)

As of June 2010, direct lending programmehas been serving to 51,760 women membersthrough its 30 branches disbursing NRs. 3,965million as loan having outstanding of NRs.983 million maintaining 99.78 per centrepayment.

Growth of direct lending micro-finance

B. DEPROSC Nepal has remained committedtowards promoting and strengtheningcommunity based organizations to enhancethe financial access to the rural poor andmarginalized people in the hills andmountains through various projects.

Institutional development process followedto expand the financial services iscomparatively cost effective and sustainablemechanism particularly in the hills andmountains where other forms of micro-finance services are difficult to deliver andsustain. Community based micro-finance hasnormally been integrated with other livelihoodmechanisms such as agriculture, forestry, on-farm and off farm enterprises. However,institutionalization process is concentrated tosavings and credit for their professionalismand sustainability.

Promotion and Strengthening ofCommunity Based Savings and CreditProgramme comprise of the following:

Ø Social preparation, facilitation andorganization,

Ø Technical support for ManagementInformation System,

Ø Technical support for Legalization,Ø Support for policies, guidelines and manuals

preparation,Ø Capacity Building,

MICROFINANCE

Particular BranchUnits

Member InternalSavings

LoanDisbursement

Loanoutstanding

DeprivedSector LoanUtilization

Operationalrecovery

Jun-98

Jun-99

Jun-00

Jun-01

Jun-02

Jun-03

Jun-04

Jun-05

Jun-06

Jun-07

Jun-08

Jun-09

Jun-10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1772

808

4986

3427

7810

21702

58538

121360

208080

472302

676173

938759

1449886

1212

1022

2623

3062

5548

14816

36711

74566

141840

287298

399661

539879

983073

893

9058

10497

20593

12557

19960

29628

106163

143797

312126

381235

660101

781662

1

1

1

1

2

3

5

7

10

16

28

30

30

6

18

34

38

32

45

62

67

72

91

94

103

118

Year/Unit

554

826

983

1299

2223

4623

9028

14541

23438

35439

43824

49392

51760

174

189

625

965

1685

3772

9330

18676

37471

63325

98848

146345

217985

No. No. Rs. (000) Rs. (000) Rs. (000) Rs. (000) %

THE REFLECTION 7

Saving and Credit Training changed Mrs. Jaire’s life

Mrs. Kalabati Jaire received a general membership of the Ghatalbaba Saving and CreditGroup. After taking the membership, she got an opportunity to participate in loanmanagement training programme. Mrs. Jaire borrowed loan twice for poultry and mobilecloth trade from which she got a daily income of NRs. 400 to 500. She also cultivatedvegetable in four ropanis (2000 sq m) of land.

Mrs. Jaire had a good understanding with her husband, who was a tailor by professionand entrusted his wife to spend money as per the need of family. Mrs. Jaire said thattheir help to each other increased with Community Based Economic Development(CBED)’s presence.

One of the significant changes felt by Mrs. jaire was the non-discriminatory attitude ofthe so called higher caste groups. She was very happy to be with her group and expressed“I am not going to quit this group even if others decide to do so.” With the increasingsaving from cloth trade and vegetable sale, she is planning to construct a new house inAmargadhi municipality.

Ø Support for networking and linkages(Horizontal and Vertical),

Ø Infrastructural support,Ø Piloting and testing models, tools,

techniques,Ø Expedite best practices and their replication,Ø Promotion, legalization, strengthening and

support of second tier apex bodies,Ø Technical support and facilitation for

amalgamation and federation.

DEPROSC Nepal has implemented 13 majorprojects in 11 districts namely: Rasuwa,Nuwakot, Dhading, Makawanpur,Sindhupalchwok, Ramechhap, Tanahun,Lamjung, Dolpa, Rukum and Dadeldhura districtspromoting community based savings and creditstarting from 1997. Duration of these projectsranges from one to seven years resulting indifferent levels of outcome in the process ofstrengthening and institutionalizing communitybased savings and credit.

MICROFINANCE

13 Projects are implemented in 116 VDCsof 11 districts 35,740 rural people are mobilized to form

623 SCGs and 232 SCCs, Internal savings of NRs. 358,97,824 has

been generated at the time of phase over, Sum of NRs. 16,73,36,298 has been provided

as loan to the members at the time ofphase over,Some 12 SCCs established linkage withRSRF obtaining wholesale loan, Two District Cooperative Unions have been

constituted and strengthened, Many SCCs obtained membership of

National Federation of Savings and CreditUnion of Nepal (NEFSCUN),

DCU in Dadeldhura started inter-lendingactivity.

SCOs adopted half-yearly and annual reviewand planning process.

8 THE REFLECTION

A right holder of livestocksupport programme

Fo

od

Sec

uri

ty

an

dF

oo

d S

ecu

rity

a

nd

Fo

od

Sec

uri

ty

an

dF

oo

d S

ecu

rity

a

nd

Fo

od

Sec

uri

ty

an

dSu

sta

ina

ble

Liv

eli

ho

od

Sust

ain

ab

le L

ive

lih

oo

dSu

sta

ina

ble

Liv

eli

ho

od

Sust

ain

ab

le L

ive

lih

oo

dSu

sta

ina

ble

Liv

eli

ho

od

More than half of the districts in Nepal aremoderately or highly food insecure with thedepletion of food production and stocks, andlack of income opportunities. It has beenreported that landlessness, drought, high foodprices and natural disasters are the key factorsfor making around 3.4 million people highly foodinsecure across the country. Since itsestablishment, DEPROSC-Nepal has beenworking to ensure short or long-term foodsecurity and sustainable livelihoods of localfarming communities in all five regions of thecountry with the ultimate goal to reduce ruralpoverty through social mobilization, institutionaldevelopment, technology transfer andextension, capacity building and micro-enterprise development and value chain. Thefood security and livelihood initiatives arefocused on mid and far western regions becausemost of the people in these areas are deprivedof basic human needs and living below thepoverty line.

The programme targets landless or smallholders,minority groups like dalits, women, widows,disables, elderly, orphans and people living withHIV/ AIDS. Socially marginalized groups such asHaliyas and Kamaiyas who were extremelyexploited financially, physically, andpsychologically before their emancipation by theGovernment of Nepal are also covered by theprogramme. Moreover, natural disaster andconflict-affected people are also the key rightholders. Through short-long term projectinterventions, DEPROSC aims to increase their

FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

THE REFLECTION 9

income, and to enhance knowledge and skillsfor effective participation and therby bring themin the mainstream of development efforts.

Local institutional development

The emphasis on institutional development forsustainability of development efforts is far fromnew. Right holders are united and motivated forthe formation of Producers’ group (PG). Suchgroups are further strengthened to producercooperatives or Farmers’ Association (FAs). FAsuse to facilitate for establishing in-out marketingnetworks. For sustainability of initiated groups,linkage and coordination mechanisms arefacilitated and developed. Groups are registeredwith DADO and CBO Federation; accordinglyFederation is registered with DistrictAdministrative Office or Cooperative Office forits legitimate status. Now government supportis directly reaching rural poor in line withFederation-CBO-Group, for example: DADOprovided seeds and irrigation support to variousproject districts to farmers through PGs. PGs/FAs are now widely promoted as the central pointfor sustainable development, poverty reductionand facilitating the value chain.

Technology transfer, extension andcapacity building

Technology transfer, extension and capacitybuilding on different aspects of agriculture andlivestock rising, value addition and market chaindevelopment, micro-enterprise development,para-veterinary training, and exposure visits areconducted in different project areas.Coordination with local government lineagencies, development of Local Resource Person(LRP), and technology dissemination throughFarmer Field School (FFS), and field baseddemonstrations are major activities. For

example: 432 farmers are trained as LRP in 2010.Considering the possible adverse environmentalimpacts of modern chemical based farmingsystem, local farmers are encouraged toenvironment friendly production technology withno or judicious use of chemical fertilizers and,pesticides, conservation farming techniques andagro-forestry. So, the initiative promotessustainable agricultural practices to smallholderfarmers and other local developmentstakeholders that improve agriculturalproductivity, while minimizing environmentalimpacts.

Promotion of high value cash crops (HVCCs)

After series of vocational trainings on nurseryraising, compost preparation and on and off-season farming practices, farmers adopt thetechnology in producing high value, low volumecrops such as vegetables, fruits and NTFPs.DEPROSC-Nepal promoted vegetables for thefirst time in many parts of hill and mountaindistricts of Nepal in association with differentnational and international partners. The averageannual cash income of PGs in the season is NRs.81,650/ group. Among the farmers, 60% havebeen able to earn more than NRs. 10,000 peryear. Production of improved seeds of high valuecrops is another important component of theprogramme. Twenty MT of improved seeds wereproduced and marketed/ exchanged during2000-2002.

Under various projects, smallholder farmerswithout experience of growing vegetables areencouraged to develop small kitchen garden andare capacitated towards semi-commercializationand semi commercial farmers are encouragedfor commercial production. DEPROSC facilitatedfor the establishment of collection centers indifferent localities and explored possibilities ofmarket linkage.

FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

10 THE REFLECTION

Agriculture and livestock input support

With the aim of providing support to mitigatenegative effects of high food prices on local ruralpopulation, large quantity of seeds and livestockare supported to the farmers. Landless orsmallholder farmers with no regular on or off-farm income are selected for these supports.

During the years 1997-2002, 14,705 improvedbreeds of livestock (goat and swine) weredistributed along with 16,000 chicks and morethan 23,000 livestock exchanged and the effortsare still going on. Farmers were provided withbuck, boar and he buffalo in groups for breedingpurpose as well. In the same period, 45 animalhealth camps were organized, where more than65,250 animals were treated. It has been decidedto distribute 2,548 goats in Dolpa and Jumladistricts in 2010. Also, farmers are providedsupport to construct/ rehabilitate fish ponds andwith fingerlings. Upon completion of veterinarytrainings, veterinary kits, microscopes andburdizoo castrators were also provided to theparticipants.

Food support

To improve the short term food security andenhance resilience of the most vulnerablepeople the programme has supported them withfood commodities. Food-insecure households,

disaster and conflict-affected populations, dalits,and women-headed households and children ofrural areas are the key project right holders.Since 2004 to December, 2010, DEPROSC-Nepalhas distributed 25,107 MT of food commodity(Rice and Pulse) to 433,444 people across thefood insecure districts of the country. Out of this,3070 MT was distributed during emergency (ieKoshi flood - 2008). Each individual receivesfour Kg rice and a half Kg pulse for a day (eighthrs) work for constructing/rehabilitating variousschemes such as irrigation canal, water harvestpond, agriculture road, foot/ mule trail,agriculture land improvement, livelihood trainingetc. Local people have been utilizing theseinfrastructures and newly acquired knowledgeand skills in enhancing food and livestockproduction.

Food distribution (2004 -2010)

Rice – 22,602 MT Oil -161 MT

Pulse – 1,395 MT Salt - 39 MT

Population – 433,444 WSB - 907

Households – 78,808 MNP - 2.9

Micro-enterprise development andvalue chain promotion

Value chains approach promoted by DEPROSCseems to have been very effective, often in

FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

THE REFLECTION 11

conjunction with rural economic developmentand agribusiness promotion. The programmefocuses on empowering women and smallholderproducers to strengthen their capacity toparticipate in development activities. It supportsenterprising initiatives both on and off- farmsectors. Trainings on tailoring, cutting/knitting,bicycle, radio and TV repairing, hair cutting,shoe, candle, leaf plate, bamboo stool (muda),smokeless stove, incense stick and bee hivemaking, fruit and vegetable processing,electricity, carpentry, driving and blacksmithshave also been provided to the thousands ofdalits, poor and women headed families.Participants, after receiving training have beensupported with tools/ equipment and seedmoney to start the business. Landless people ofsome terai districts have provided withrickshaws as well.

DEPROSC focuses its micro-enterprise relatedinterventions on three main areas, namely: off-farm based enterprising, farm-basedenterprising and value chain and market linkage.Significant spill over effects have been recordedin the area of growing high value crops andNTFPs, raising improved livestock breeds andadopting different micro-enterprises.

Off-farm based enterprising is conductedthrough:

Promotion of skill developmentvocational training, mobilization of pettytrade fund and micro-financing,Establishment of local micro-industriessuch as water mill, peltric set, cellarstores, rustic house candle, leaf plate etcmaking, handmade paper production,food processing, tailoring/ cutting/knitting centres and bio-briquettes etc.

Farm-based enterprising is conductedthrough:

Identification of profitable commoditysub-sectors,

Analysis of the sub-sector with localstakeholders including GOs/ NGOs andfarming community

Specific focus on smallholder producers,promotion of high value crops andimproved livestock breeds,

Establishment of community seed bankand, cultivation, sustainable collection/harvesting and processing of NTFPs etc,Development and mobilization of LRPsfor demonstrations and technologytransferCapacity building of PGs/ FAs andstrengthening market infrastructure andtrade linkage.

FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

A self employed women A meeting with local farmers

12 THE REFLECTION

IPM Farmer Field School in Jumla and Kalikot Members of PG selling tomato

Self-employment – A Matter of Great Pride

“Starting from NRs. 2,000 in 1999, I invested NRs. 2000,000 forthe same profession with the annual net profit of NRs. 300,000in 2009.” These words, expressed by Mr. Narayan Prasad Khanal,a permanent resident of Belkot-9, Nuwakot are the combinedresult of his decade long hard work, dedication and enthusiasm.Mr. Khanal credits his success to the inspiration received fromDEPROSC-Nepal, which involved him in 35 days long VeterinaryTraining Course in 1998 and that training opportunity was themajor turning point in his life. After receiving the training, hestarted his business with a veterinary kit box containing fewmedicines, a microscope and a castrator machine provided byDEPROSC. During the late 90s, he could be seen as a personcarrying a bag and moving from one village to another fordrenching, vaccination, castration, dung test and technologytransfer. Recognizing his allegiance towards veterinary, he was provided with another opportunityto participate in the refresher training course for 25 days, which further encouraged him to completea Veterinary JTA course from Rapti Technical School, Dang in 2002/03. Right from the beginning, hehas been providing veterinary services to the thousands of farmer living in remote VDCs of Nuwakotdistrict such as Belkot, Kumari, Jiling, Duipeepal and Chauthe.

Mr. Khanal, Secretary of Bishwanath Saving and Credit Group promoted by DEPROSC-Nepal atBelkot VDC, was nominated as the Secretary of Veterinary Medicine Marketing Association (VMMA),Nuwakot Branch in 2004 and in 2009, he has been elected as the Central Member of VMMA CentralWorking Committee.

Newly constructed two houses (for him and his brother), purchased one hectare of land and avehicle worth of NRs. 1450,000 also signify his hard work and flourishing business. Besides meet-ing his household expenditures, income accrued through this business has helped him to educatechildren who are studying diploma courses in pharmacy and lab technology in Kathmandu. Heacknowledges the contribution of DEPROSC with this statement, “It would not have been possibleif DEPROSC was not there in my village, when I was unemployed and roaming around. I alwaysthank DEPROSC for its regular inspiration, suggestions and support in changing my life. I appreci-ate its efforts in making hundreds of youths self-employed and I am proud to be a part of it.”

Mr. Narayan Prasad Khanal

FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD

THE REFLECTION 13

Na

tura

l R

eso

urc

eN

atu

ral

Res

ou

rce

Na

tura

l R

eso

urc

eN

atu

ral

Res

ou

rce

Na

tura

l R

eso

urc

eM

an

ag

em

en

tM

an

ag

em

en

tM

an

ag

em

en

tM

an

ag

em

en

tM

an

ag

em

en

t

Orientation on NRM

Nepal is rich in natural resources and it is the backbone ofrural life. Its demand has been increasing every day andits rapid depletion has raised serious concerns for the needto initiate a coordinated and integrated approach tosustainable natural resource management. Similar to otherefforts, DEPROSC-Nepal has been involved in this sectorsince its inception and has initiated number ofprogrammes to address this problem. Sustainable harvest,conservation and management of available naturalresources can bring significant benefit and thereby improvethe economic condition of the rural population. The NRMprogrammes are focused on extracting this resource foreconomic benefits of the local people in different regionsof Nepal through implementing diverse interventions forpromotion and development of community managedforestry program, optimum use of natural water for drinkingand irrigation purposes and plantation of multi-purposetree and shrub species on barren and steep hills. Similarly,it has directly been involved in piloting, promotion,domestication, cultivation and use of non - timber forestproduct (NTFP) or medicinal plants and herbs of higheconomic value. Through the implementation of theseactivities, DEPROSC-Nepal has contributed to uplift theliving situation of rural people.

Social mobilization for management ofleasehold forestry

Initiated in 1993, the leasehold forestry programme forpoverty reduction is comparatively new phenomenon forNepal in which barren land and degraded forest aretransferred to the ultra poor, women and dalit within theframework of leasehold forestry acts and rules. Thehanded over leasehold forestry land has been used forcultivation of NTFPs, fruits, fodder and forage species.

Social mobilization is the key intervention for theimplementation of Leasehold forestry and NTFPs wereintegrated with input support (vegetable seeds, fruit

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

14 THE REFLECTION

sapling, NTFP seedlings) to pursue farm basedmicro enterprises and control of open grazing.Follow up was done through controlled grazing,terracing, nursery establishment, and NTFPs/timber plantation in the leasehold forestry land.Leasehold Forest Land is used for cultivation ofNTFPs, fruit orchard and multi-purpose treespecies.

Lease lands were handed over to groups for aperiod of forty years. This programme hasintroduced alternative forest managementprocess for poverty reduction in Nepal.

♦ A total of 608 LFUGs are formed covering6851 households handing over 7118 hectaresof land,

♦ A total of 110 CFUGs are formed inparticipation of 5595 households.

♦ 80 ha. of LF area are planted with variousNTFPs,

♦ 82 ha. of lease lands are improved withterrecing,

♦ 97 ha. of lease land planted with fruit trees,♦ Wild NTFPs (Katuki, Guchhi-chyau, Atis,

Jhyau) were also collected from forest areaand marketed by members,

♦ CFUGs are federated and strengthened at thedistrict level and affiliated with nationalfederation.

Identification of strategic Non-TimberForest Product (NTFPs)Identification of strategic NTFPs made througha pilot participatory action research, theireconomic, social and environmental feasibilitystudy and confirmation of the modus operandifor disseminating the technology preceded withclient selection; monitoring and capacitybuilding are key intervention at the initial stage.The output intended to be utilized in leaseholdforest sites. Piloting was made for the selectedNTFPs based on their economic importance andpotential adaptability in the proposed sites.Training on technology and skills related tonursery raising, green house construction,management, propagation, cultivation andmanagement of NTFPs and medical and aromaticplants MAPs are organized.

Training sessions were organized ontechnology and skills related to nurseryraising, green house construction,management, propagation, cultivation andmanagement of NTFPs and Medical andAromatic Plants (MAPs).Two NTFP trial demonstration plots areestablished in Jumla and HumlaSeven (7) NTFP spcies namely Akarkara,Chiraito, Sugandawal, Kutki, Lauth Salla(Taxus baccata), Kuth and Atis selected forpiloting.

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

THE REFLECTION 15

Environment protection

Environment protection and raising the incomelevel of rural population through promotion,proper handling and sustainable use of naturalresources is highly acclaimed since the last twodecades. The emphasis was on empowermentof poor and deprived castes, ethniccommunities, women and children through self-organization, economic activities andeducational opportunities.

Capacity building and skill development of usergroup focused on forest resource utilization,harvesting NTFPs, water use, controlled grazingand identification and protection of endangeredplant species. Similarly, environment sanitationis another equally important challenge tied withthe issue and is addressed through wastemanagement training, awareness raising rallies,street dramas and essay completion organizedin the programmme areas which helped toinitiate regular cleaning activities for examplein district head quarter of Dolpa. Water sourceprotection and use of solar panel for householdlightning was done for conservation of tree andother plant resources.

Institutional development

Institution Development of Leasehold ForestryGroups (LFGs) converted them into viable andsustainable community based institutionscapable of providing micro-finance services toits members in order to improve socio-economicconditions through management of the lease-lands.

Various training programmes were conductedfor the members of management, account, andsupervisory committees, sub-committees andgeneral members.

Rural finance programme was implemented toprovide sustainable micro-finance services tothe LFG members through internal revenuegeneration.

Environment Conservation

Eighteen User/Rights Groups organized,capacitated and mobilized covering over735 HHs.

CET Fund established to promote andsupport sustainable technology andconserve natural resources.

Sustainable harvest management trainingof natural resources organized.

Trainings on Sloping Agricultural LandTechnology (SALT) and using “A” frame forcontour cultivation were organized onterrace improvement.

Run-off water control and management andpromotion of forestry completed in 10critical sites.

More than 200 forest nurseries established.

Technical support for installation of over4800 Improved Cook Stove (ICS) ofenvironment sanitation and fuel woodconservation.

Leasehold Multipurpose Cooperative

Fifteen (15) Leasehold ForestryMultipurpose Cooperatives Society Ltd(LFMCSL) promoted and strengthened.

Capacity of 170 leasehold forest groupsenhanced by federating them into 16 inter-groups (multipurpose cooperative).

A total of 1025 members/hhs (649 maleand 376 female) from 170 Leasehold ForestUsers’ Groups (LFUGs) in thesecooperatives with an average of 68members per cooperative.

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

16 THE REFLECTION

Ed

uca

tio

nE

du

cati

on

Ed

uca

tio

nE

du

cati

on

Ed

uca

tio

n

Adult literacy in Jajarkot

Education is an essential human need.DEPROSC- Nepal has emphasized teaching andlearning approach through effective socialmobilization and facilitation in the areas of bothformal and non-formal education. This alsoincludes the broader learning needs forcommunities, including but not limited to savingand credit, life skills for youth and marginalizedand other vulnerable children, health education,disaster awareness, HIV/ AIDS and itsconsequences, advocacy on anti trafficking andsocial issues, early childhood development andmaintenance of infrastructures etc.Consequently, these approaches have alsohelped rural people to claim their rights in theareas where they have been denied since timeimmemorial.

First action project implemented by DEPROSCwas Women Literacy Classes (WLC) in two VDCsof Surkhet and Sindhupalchok and over the years,this organization has consistently advanced inteaching and learning practices. DEPROSCconducted right holders centered teaching andlearning approaches and supported them withseveral action research studies, manuals,training packages etc. This created healthydevelopment for individuals of all ages andinstitutions of all types.

In accordance to need of the right holders,literacy classes were conducted over a periodof 2-9 months. Non formal literacy classes foradults stresses ALC, BLC and Vocational classes.For result oriented output, DEPROSC has alwaysemphasized on more learners friendlyatmosphere such as facilitation and individualassessment.

Out of 18,724 people enrolled, 18,680 or 98.8 percent successfully completed non-formal literacyclasses

EDUCATION

THE REFLECTION 17

Manuals, Guidelines Prepared Implementation of Savings and Credit Programme, Seed Money Guideline Local Institution Development, Chain Program Guideline Implementation of Livestock Insurance Programme, Manual for Bal Bikash Bhawan Operation Implementation of Leasehold Forestry Programme, Manual for Out of school class Operation and Management of Peltric Set, Manual for School Outreach Class Institution Development of Leasehold Forestry Groups in HLFFDP, Manual for Micro Banking Users' Groups Management and Capability Enhancement

Manual of Child club operation and management

Implementation of Micro Banking Programme. Operation Manual of QIP Manual for Bal Bikash Bhawan Operation Bal Geet Manuals Manual for Out of school class Economic Promotion Manuals Manual for School Outreach Class LWF OSC Manual Manual for high value cash crop production HIV / AIDS Project working paper Working Manual SCODEP Manual for DWS implementation Community Assets Support Programme Manual for micro scheme implementation

Facilitation has encouraged family to supportwomen and adults in literacy which came in theform of economic and moral support.. Secondself assessment strategy with full participationduring the period of project helped the facilitatorto understand the need of each individual andsupport individually or in a group. The successof this strategy was reflected through improvedscores in internal examinations as well as theirmeta-cognitive skills, including the capacity tolearn such as how to learn. This learning wasaddressed over the period of time in everyproject, where after completion of projectactivities, participants were able to read asentence and reconcile words properly.

As for the children, functional literacy andnumeric is vital, DEPROSC focused on decisiveintervention in educational atmosphere anddevelopment programme targeted for children,such as education, extra curricular activities, and

training for capacity enhancement. Theseactivities were implemented through SOC, CC-OSC, Bal Bikash Kendra (Child DevelopmentCentres), Early Childhood Development Centres(ECDCs), Child Club Promotion; ScholarshipProgramme etc. Accordingly, partial or fullscholarships such as school bag and books,uniforms etc were provided to poor right holdersin communities. Likewise, school children arealso actively participating in co- curricularactivities like oratory contest; debate contest,quiz contest etc.

Literacy, life skills and peace building trainingsupported 17,323 unemployed, disadvantagedand conflict affected youth in 10 districts of Bheriand Rapti zones.

Vocational training literacy package designed foryouth aged 16-32 were followed to create selfemployment by focusing on integrated literacy,

EDUCATION

18 THE REFLECTION

life skills and peace building. The cornerstoneto this is its demand driven approach – creatingtraining courses that meet the needs of theemployers and linking the youth to appropriateincome generating opportunities. Besides,vocational literacy also provides reading, recordkeeping and arithmetic skills to creatediversified choices for each participant tobecome self employed or to continue withadditional training. These activities areconducted for nine months.

Para-legal committees are formed andmobilized in the communities have alreadyreceived cases and dealt different cases, inaccordance to the magnitude of cases it isalso referred to concerned authorities.

Peer educators, Co-peers, pressure groupsare facilitating people on social awarenessand creating pressure with duty bearers.

6,200 people visited counselling desk insingle year to have clear information on safemigration, anti trafficking, HIV/AIDs and itsconsequences etc.

168 child clubs provided managementleadership skills to 7,053 childrenThrough School Outreach Program (SOC)alternative schooling option wereprovided to 7,409 working and out ofschool childrenChild Centered Out of School Class (CC-OSC) provisioned education to 23,.05children who had never gone to schoolor dropped out in early classesChild Development Programme createdlearning and recreational places for3,181 students

Advocacy on rights on different social awareness,such as safe migration, HIV/AIDS and itsconsequences and domestic violence are alsoperformed at the community level while serviceadvocacy is continuous on Haliya and Kamaiya(ex-bonded laborers of western and far westernNepal) by implementing projects for ex-Kamaiyain 2006-2007 and since 2009 for ex-Haliya. Inaddition, right holders have also participated tobecome Peers and Co-peers and are selfmobilized to advocate the issues on anti-trafficking and safe migration. Right holders arealso performing as pressure groups and arecreating pressures with duty bearer at the grass-root level. This was considered as an effectivestrategy as it raised communities’ awareness andit enabled them to provide locally-relevant andmeaningful suggestions. For other socialawareness activities, concerned district levelnetworks are supporting the activities. Everyinitiated activities related with education areendorsed, coordinated with district line agenciessuch as District Administration Office, DistrictDevelopment Committee, District EducationOffice, Women Development Office, DistrictPolice Office, etc. Likewise, media mobilizationsuch as FM and newspaper have also supportedthe project activities by disseminatinginformation regarding different right basedissues and social issues.

Support in education also means face-lift of theinstitutions. Thus, in accordance to the need ofright holders, DEPROSC has also facilitated toconduct ToT to Teacher- School ManagementCommittee (SMC) through QERP moduledeveloped by UNICEF. DEPROSC has alsosupported right holders to construct/rehabilitateinfrastructure that have face-lifted includingstructural renovation, drinking water, flooring,furniture and blackboards. Teaching learningmaterials are also supported to all schools.

EDUCATION

THE REFLECTION 19

Nepal has relatively low sanitation coverage.Only about one third population has adequatesanitation facilities. The condition in rural areasis even more acute; merely around 20 percentpopulation is using adequate sanitation facilitiesin contrast to the urban areas where almost twothird population have access to sanitationfacilities. Uplifting the condition of sanitationis very essential to achieve the national andinternational goals related to health. Thusaccepting the numerous challenge that persistespecially in the rural areas of mid and farwestern region of Nepal, DEPROSC startedworking in this sector. DEPROSC aims to increasepeople’s awareness aiming to change the badpractices but nurture good practices onsanitation, nutrition and health.

DEPROSC Nepal started to work in sanitationsector from the early days of its establishment.Community Health Initiative was the firstmassive intervention in Dadeldhura district thatstarted in 1999. This initiative aimed at reducingincidence of chronic diseases and mortalityespecially for children less than five years ofage in poor and remote communities ofDadeldhura and also establishing sustainablepreventive health attitudes, sanitation habits,and behaviours through awareness creation.Moreover, this initiative stressed on promotinghealth and sanitation literacy classes, promotionof improved cooking stoves, construction ofdrinking water schemes, construction of pitlatrine, and promotion of kitchen garden forfresh nutritious food.

DEPROSC has laid greater emphasis in midwestern hills and mountain region of the country

He

alt

h,

Hy

gie

ne

He

alt

h,

Hy

gie

ne

He

alt

h,

Hy

gie

ne

He

alt

h,

Hy

gie

ne

He

alt

h,

Hy

gie

ne

an

d S

an

ita

tio

n a

nd

Sa

nit

ati

on

an

d S

an

ita

tio

n a

nd

Sa

nit

ati

on

an

d S

an

ita

tio

n

Street drama on HIV/AIDS

HEALTH, HYGIENE AND SANITATION

20 THE REFLECTION

Iinformation board Vitamin A programme

especially in Karnali zone for the promotion ofhealth, nutrition and sanitation relatedinterventions. The list of indicators for this regionhas always been low in terms of health andsanitation and severe effect of conflict in Midand Far western region. Considering the effectof this vulnerability, especially on children andwomen, DEPROSC focused its attention on childand maternal health, hand washing with soap,Point of use drinking water treatment ,Immunization (DPT, BCG and Polio), vitamin Aand de-worming tablets promotion,reconstruction of health infrastructure damagedduring conflict period, and respiratory infectionsin the region.

DEPROSC started to work for children andwomen’s health, hygiene and nutrition in 36VDCs of six districts namely Dolpa, Humla,Jajarkot, Jumla, Kalikot and Rukum since 2003.FCHV being the vehicles of awareness creationin maternal health, household level drinkingwater treatment, sanitation, DEPROSC supportedin capacity building of health staff vis-a-vis,strengthening of Female Community HealthVolunteers (FCHV) and health workerssupporting outreach clinics, and improvinginfrastructure and equipment for the healthposts. Watch groups were very instrumentalboth in creating awareness and repeated follow-ups and tracking of pregnant women.

Rajendra, a neonate with cordinfection was saved by FCHV

Rajendra, the newly born child of Kaushila Jyoti,residing in Ramidanda-8, Jaliyaghar, Jajarkot,suffered from high fever. This made himlethargic and thus, he could not suck and sleepproperly. His mother could not understand theproblem. One day while she was giving bath toRajendra, she saw puss coming out of his cord.She immediately went to see FCHV, whoinformed that the cord might have been infectedand advised Mrs Jyoti to go to Sub-health Post(SHP). She took Rajendra to a SHP immediatelywhere he was given some antibiotics andantipyretics. Consequently, the baby’s healthimproved.

Mrs. Jyoti expressed her immense gratitudetowards FCHV for saving her baby. She alsoadded that her ignorance about cutting the cordwith old blade could have been disastrous. Shesaid “The baby was delivered at home and hiscord was cut with an old blade. We put solutionof oil and turmeric powder immediately on thewound and I continued doing so for severaldays. But now I realize that the cord wasinfected by the old and dirty blade and turmericsolution. It is a big lesson for me”. She furtheradded, “I will tell everyone what I have knownabout the importance of such a small safetymeasures needed during delivery such ascutting the cord with a new blade and keepingthe cord clean which can save life of a newborn.”

HEALTH, HYGIENE AND SANITATION

THE REFLECTION 21

Dis

ast

er

Ris

k R

ed

uct

ion

Dis

ast

er

Ris

k R

ed

uct

ion

Dis

ast

er

Ris

k R

ed

uct

ion

Dis

ast

er

Ris

k R

ed

uct

ion

Dis

ast

er

Ris

k R

ed

uct

ion

an

d E

me

rge

ncy

an

d E

me

rge

ncy

an

d E

me

rge

ncy

an

d E

me

rge

ncy

an

d E

me

rge

ncy

Re

spo

nse

Re

spo

nse

Re

spo

nse

Re

spo

nse

Re

spo

nse

Mock drill exercise to cope with disaster

Nepal is a hotspot for disaster causing significant loss ofhuman and other livelihood assets every year. Inappropriateact and policy to reduce disaster risk has increased thevulnerability. The situation is further aggravated due tounpredictability of weather, particularly precipitation due theclimate change impact. Hence, DEPROSC-Nepal foresees theneed for the Disaster Management Act that ensures rightsof disaster affected people to live a dignified life and stateshould make adequate provision to disaster risk reductionapproaches by mainstreaming DRR in the developmentprocess.

In this context, DEPROSC-Nepal has been implementingdisaster risk reduction programme since 2006, focusing onimproving resilience of the community exposed to disasterslike drought in the mid and far-western hilly districts.However, emergency response in case of localized disasterstarted much earlier with the support of relief to the fireaffected communities in Morang. DEPROSC-Nepal has beenfocusing on Disaster Preparedness for efficient EmergencyResponse.

During the last four years, major changes in the organizationalstrategies for disaster risk reduction has been adopted andsignificant support at community level has been provided toimprove resilience of the communities to cope with naturaldisasters through livelihood promotion, mitigation work andcapacity building at local level. DEPROSC-Nepal hadsignificant role in humanitarian support in case of nationaland local disaster.

UNWFP, UNICEF, UNOCHA, Oxfam, Rotary International,Norvic International Hospital, Annapurna Post (SahayogiHathharu) are the major allies in Disaster Risk Reductionand Emergency Response till date.

Disaster Risk Reduction

Altogether, 164,856 food insecure families were supportedwith 16,875 MT rice through Food for Work interventions tomeet their household demand during lean period.

Dissemination of Disaster Preparedness and Disaster RiskReduction messages related to Public Health and WaterSanitation and Hygiene (WASH) through radio programmesand school awareness programmes in Sindhuli. Altogether, 16 vulnerable communities in the Kamal RiverBasin in Sindhuli were supported to prepare Disaster

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

22 THE REFLECTION

Management Plan and various task forceformed at local level. Ten VDC level diarrhoea managementcommittees were trained on WASH andequipped with hygiene kit for quick response.

Small-scale mitigation works like bio-engineering protection walls, EmergencyManagement Fund and grain banks wereestablished to protect 16 communities offour VDCs in Sindhuli.

Churiya protection through plantation andpromotion of bio-briqueettee and bio-gas toreplace fuel wood. Upstream and downstream linkage for Early

warning system established in Sindhuli andUdaypur districts.

Organizational contingency plan for DRR andER developed.

District stakeholders were oriented andtrained on SPHERE standards, assessmenttools and Climate Change and Disaster RiskReduction.

During 2010, 9358 vulnerable families inRukum and Jajarkot were supported with OralRehydration Solution (ORS) to preventdiarrhoeal outbreak.

Threat of Kamala averted“Kamala is a curse to all of us. We can’t shut our eyes toit. The threat is real. DEPROSC Nepal with the supportof Oxfam provided an amount of NPR 610,000 andmotivated us to explore for additional resources. Weapproached VDC for resource to build embankment andflood-checks. It chipped in NPR 50,000. That spurredus. We moved ahead. We were able collect resource tothe tune of NPR 13 lakhs from Parliament Fund, NPR600,000 from Ministry of Finance and Water InducedDisaster Prevention Office (WIDPO) supported gabionwire worth NPR 500,000. We built the embankmentand flood-check. We are hopeful Kamala won’tencroach 186 Households, which were in the verge ofcollapse by the Kamala River. Now, with our initiatives,we were able to change its course. We’ll go for bio-engineering on land emerging from water. (Based ontalks with District network in Sindhuli)

Emergency ResponseDEPROSC-Nepal continuously responded to theKoshi flood affected communities from earlyresponse till the recovery and rehabilitationphase. DEPROSC-staff were deployed right from

day two to assess the impact and subsequentlythe programmes were designed to supportaffected families. Humanitarian response weredone in Jajarkot and and Rukum during diarrhoeaoutbreak in 2009. DEPROSC-Nepal takes intoaccount minimum humanitarian responsestandards (SPHERE) and ensures relief andresponse were appropriately targeted to theaffected families and vulnerable people likesingle women, children, elderly and people withdisability (PWD).

General food distribution (2366 MT rice; 90MT Wheat Soya Blend; 39 MT salt; 161 litreoil and 414 MT pulse) to 33,365 Koshi floodaffected families for initial seven monthsfollowed by cash transfer and food for work/training interventions.

Considering the special dietary requirementof under five children, pregnant andlactating mother, 23 wet feeding centreswere established in 17 internally displacepeople (IDP) camps providing nutritiousfeeding twice a day to 4032 targetindividuals for first three months of Koshideluge.

Altogether, 537 individuals were trained onon-farm and off-farm skills and supportedwith inputs to initiate enterprise toregenerate livelihoods of Koshi floodaffected families.

Followed by orientation on livestock raising10 Koshi flood affected families weresupported with milking buffalo and linkedwith the community forest users group.

During 2009 diarrhoea outbreak, 10520families in 21 VDCs of Rukum and Jajarkotwere supported with standard hygiene kit.Distribution of kits was followed by door todoor awareness on safe hygiene practice.

Enbankment built by Affected People’s Networkon Kamala Riverin Sindhuli

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

THE REFLECTION 23

Infr

ast

ruct

ure

sIn

fra

stru

ctu

res

Infr

ast

ruct

ure

sIn

fra

stru

ctu

res

Infr

ast

ruct

ure

s

Health post building of tamti Jumla

DEPROSC has adopted a people centred strategyin the creation of assets, where rural rightholders identify the resources in accordance totheir priorities and needs. After this appraisal,detail survey, design and estimates are preparedalong with Environment Impact Assessment(EIA). Details of each project are prepared withdirect involvement of right holders for developingownership and ensuring sustainability.

DEPROSC creations are purely based on labourintensive technique through grass-rootinstitutions. Over the years, right holders haveaccorded topmost priorities for those assets thatcan tune up with the livelihood protection.Irrigation and Multiple Water Use System (MUS),rural road/mule trail, suspended bridge, schoolstructuring were prioritized the most, howeverother infrastructures such as micro hydro,improved water mill, health post, renewal/alternative energy, wooden bridge, landimprovement, community building, vegetablecollection centre etc are also created.

To- date, DEPROSC has completed 4417 irrigationproject to irrigate 15,000 ha of land. Mainly,DEPROSC has implemented gravity flowirrigation projects in mid hill and mountainousregions while in Terai, Tube-well, drip irrigationand treadle pump are promoted. Similarly, 377school/health post and community buildings arecreated, CGI roofing with truss and safe drainagesystem is also applied for the sustainability ofthe creation. DEPROSC has followed green roadconcept where design of the roads are based onmass balanced concept in earth work -excavation and filling. For safe drinking watersupply, DEPROSC has installed 305 DWS projectswith 1388 tap post.

INFRASTRUCTURES

24 THE REFLECTION

Number of schemes completed by DEPROSC - Nepal

A suspended bridge in NuwakotA school building in Ramechhap

Peltric set in RasuwaMule trail in Jajarkot

Tota

l Hou

seho

lds c

over

ed

Tota

l Po

pula

tion

cove

red

Nos

. of I

rrig

atio

n sc

hem

e

Ha

irri

gate

d

Nos

. DW

S sy

stem

Nos

. of T

ap st

and

Nos

. Sub

Hea

lth P

ost b

uild

ing

Nos

. of S

choo

l bui

ldin

g

Nos

. of R

ural

Roa

d

Km

road

Nos

. of B

ridg

e - S

uspe

nded

Nos

. of C

omm

unity

Bui

ldin

g

Nos

. of M

icro

Hyd

ro

Oth

ers

Tota

l Sch

emes

244872 1311561 4417 15000 840 1388 22 381 738 810 38 19 2 1190 7647

INFRASTRUCTURES

THE REFLECTION 25

Lesson learnedLesson learnedLesson learnedLesson learnedLesson learned

DEPROSC’s involvement in various initiatives haveprovided valuable lessons not only to theorganization but also to others in the developmentfield.

♦ Access to micro credit and emergencymanagement fund at local level improvescommunity resilience to disaster. Provision ofsuch funds at local level helps the affectedfamilies to start new livelihood optionimmediately after emergency;

♦ Microfinance is one of the most effective toolsfor poverty reduction and social change. It hasvisibly demonstrated improved healthsituation, better food, nutrition, clothing andhygiene situation, improved social capital, anddecreased household level genderdiscrimination because of the enhancedincome through the access to financial services;

♦ Direct lending microfinance contributessignificantly towards rural livelihoodsdevelopment but it is a complex developmentoperation, which largely depends on disciplineof clients as well as credit officers;

♦ Promotion and strengthening of communitybased savings and credit programme - ifcautiously promoted - can be an effectivemechanism of community mobilization andinternal resource generation. But thesustainability of such institution requires seriesof technical facilitation over time;

♦ Federating small farmers and increasing theirrole in the value chain of local production needto be prioritized to increase their income andmake them resilient to various attributes offood security problems like soaring food prices,declining productivity and disaster;

♦ Research, technology generation, extension,and institutionalization are the vitalcomponents of agricultural development forensuing food security and sustainablelivelihoods of rural communities;

♦ Promotion of conservation farming techniquesand low external input sustainable agriculturepractices are essential to improve livelihoodsof the rural, especially in mid and far westernmountains and hills;

♦ Market access for smallholder farmerscontributes to improve livelihoods at local

level. With access to market, local people canalso benefit from marketing of NTFPs.

♦ Empowerment of local community, especiallywomen empowerment is essential for naturalresource management including sustainableharvesting and value chain;

♦ Non-formal literacy programme with emphasison facilitation, individual assessment andcreating learners friendly atmosphere ratherthan traditional teaching encourages regularparticipation and moral support from thefamily;

♦ Functional literacy and numeracy classcontribute to the overall development of thechildren and reduce dropout rate;

♦ Awareness raising on WASH by mobilizing localvolunteers such as FCHVs, child clubs and schoolteachers is effective in improving healthseeking behaviour and sanitation at local level;

♦ Disaster Risk Reduction approach need to bemainstreamed at all level of project cycle(planning, implementation, monitoring andEvaluation) for the sustainability ofdevelopment intervention;

♦ As community people are the first responderto disaster, it is crucial to emphasize DRRinterventions on local level capacity buildingby developing task forces (Early warning, FirstAid, Search and Rescue, etc) for emergencyresponse. These task groups can be mobilizedfor appropriate targeting of disaster affectedfamilies;

♦ Labour intensive infrastructures constructed bymobilizing community people that would havebigger impact on improving access to servicesto the local people are more sustainable andright holders also take their ownership;

♦ Better results are obtained when infrastructuresupport through food/ cash transferinterventions in the recovery phase ofemergency response or protracted reliefoperations are focused on developingcommunity assets like MUS, water mill,irrigation canal, water harvest tank, etc whichcan contribute to access to food and improvelivelihoods of local farming community.

26 THE REFLECTION

Projects Implemented by DEPROSC- NepalProjects Implemented by DEPROSC- NepalProjects Implemented by DEPROSC- NepalProjects Implemented by DEPROSC- NepalProjects Implemented by DEPROSC- Nepal

THE REFLECTION 27

19

Pilot Programme on Water

Users Association Training

in 16 Selected Sub-Projects

in the Second Irrigation

Sector Project Mar-01 Mar-02

ADB-

Manila/GoN

Ilam, Dhankuta,

Udaypur,

Okhaldhunga,

Jhapa, Morang,

Sunsari, Siraha,

Dolakha,

Ramechhap,

Sindhuli, Kabhre,

Bhaktapur,

Dhading,

Dhanusha, Parsa Completed

20

Community Based Water

Project May-01 Dec-02

Nepal Relief

Association

Achen,

Germany Rasuwa Completed

21

Community Ground Water

Irrigation Sector Project Oct-01 Jul-07

Canadian

Centre for

International

Studies and

Cooperation

Bara, Jhapa, Morang and

Sunsari Completed

22

Livelihood Improvement

Programme Feb-02 Dec-07 GTZ/RPN Lamjung Completed

23 Homestead Food Production

Programme Jun-02 May-04Helen Keller

International Nuwakot Completed

24

Bridge Building at Local

Level Jul-02 - Helvetas

Nuwakot and

Rukum Ongoing

25

Identification of Strategic

Non Timber Forest Products Jul-02 Apr-05

ICIMOD

Nepal

Jumla, Humla,

Bajhang and

Bajura Completed

26

Western Upland Poverty

Alleviation Project Sep-02 Feb-09

Embassy of

Denmark

(DANIDA)

Humla, Jumla,

Bajura and

Bajhang Completed

27

Community Ground Water

Irrigation Project Oct-02 Jul-05

Canadian

Centre for

International Studies and

Cooperation

Bara, Parsa, Rautahat and

Sarlahi Completed

28 Microfinance Programme Sep-03 Dec-08 LWF Lalitpur and Jhapa Completed

29 Quick Impact Programme Oct-03 Dec-07 UNICEF

Humla, Dolpa,

Rukum, Jajarkot,

Jumla and Kalikot Completed

30

Economic Empowerment of

Women through Micro

Credit Project Nov-03 Oct-06 CCO Sunsari Completed

31

Sustainable Doko Dai

Mobile Library Mar-04 Jan-05 WB Sindhupalchowk Completed

32

Socio-Economic

Empowerment Project Sep-04 Dec-10 LWF Ramechhap

33

Natural Resource Management and Livelihood

Improvement Programme Apr-05 Mar-06 UNDP/SGP Dolpa Completed

34

Sustainable Infrastructure

Development Project for

Poverty Reduction Oct-05 Sep-06 PAF Jumla Completed

35

Socio Economic Improvement of Ex-

Kamaiyas and Other

Vulnerable Communities Jan-06 Dec-07 LWF

Banke, Bardiya

and Kanchanpur Completed

28 THE REFLECTION

36

Sustainable Community Development for Poverty Reduction May-06 Jul-11 PAF

Rasuwa, Rukum and Dolpa Ongoing

37 Emergency Operation Programme Jun-06 Jun-07 WFP

Jajarkot, Kalikot, Humla, Dolpa, Jumla, Rolpa and Rukum Completed

38 Emergency Operation Programme Mar-07 Jun-07 WFP

Jajarkot, Kalikot, Humla, Dolpa, Jumla and Rukum Completed

39 Protecting Livelihood in Crisis Mar-07 Jul-07 WFP

Humla, Jumla, Dolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Kalikot, Pyuthan, Rolpa, Dolakha and Ramechhap Completed

40

Improving the Livelihoods of Poor Farmers and Disadvantaged Groups in the Eastern Development Region Jul-07 Jun-11

ADB, Philippines

Morang, Sunsari, Saptari and Dhankuta Ongoing

41 Emergency Operation Programme Aug-07 Nov-07 WFP

Jajarkot, Kalikot, Humla and Rukum Completed

42 Anti Trafficking Project Nov-07 Jun-08 LWF Ramechhap Ongoing

43 Disaster Risk Reduction in River Basin Project Dec-07 Mar-10 Oxfam Sindhuli Completed

44

Education for Income Generation in Nepal Programme Feb-08 Oct-11

Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development

Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Pyuthan, Surkhet, Rolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Dailekh and Salyan Ongoing

45

Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (PRRO) Programme Mar-08 Jun-12 WFP

Dolpa, Kalikot, Humla, Jajarkot and Jumla Ongoing

46 Emergency Operation Programme May-08 Jun-08 WFP

Mahottari, Dhanusha, Siraha and Saptari Completed

47 Peace Reconciliation and Human Rights Project Jun-08 Dec-10 LWF Ramechhap Ongoing

48

Community Based Water Supply and Sanitation Project Jul-08 Jul-11 ADB/GoN Dolpa Ongoing

49

Food Assistance for Conflict Affected Populations (FACAP) Programme Aug-08 Dec-08 WFP Humla and Jajarkot Completed

50

Food Assistance for Conflict Affected Populations in Nepal Project Nov-08 Jun-09

Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development

Banke, Bardiya, Surkhet, Dailekh, Jumla and Salyan Completed

51

Education, Early Childhood Development, Young Child Participation and Watch Group Mobilization Program Dec-08 Jun-09 UNICEF

Humla, Dolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Jumla and Kalikot Completed

52 Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconciliation Programme Apr-09 Jun-09 WFP Sunsari and Saptari Completed

THE REFLECTION 29

30 THE REFLECTION

Research and studies conducted by DEPROSC-NepalResearch And Studies

Research And Studies Supported By Started Completed

Evaluation of Income Generation (Skill Training) Programme of ADRA –Nepal ADRA-Nepal Dec 1993 Dec 1993

Implications of Livestock Insurance Scheme for Local Level institution Building and Poverty Alleviation in Gorkha district

Gorkha Development Project/GTZ

Jan 1994 Mar 1994

Implications of Labour Certificate Scheme for Local Level Institution Building and Poverty Alleviation in Gorkha district

Gorkha Development Project/GTZ

Jan 1994 Mar 1994

Case Study on Savings and Credit Programme implemented by Social Service Centre, Uttarganga VDC of Surkhet district DEPROSC-Nepal Apr 1994 Apr 1994

Users' Committee Leadership Development and Project Management Training

K-BIRD Project funded by CIDA Apr 1994 Apr 1994

Income Generation and Non-wood Forest Product Study (for Hills Leasehold Forestry and Forage Development Project)

HLFFDP of HMG/N funded by FAO/IFAD

Apr 1994 Oct 1994

Strengthening Self-governing Institutions in Syanja district (for Decentralization Support Project) UNDP / DSP/ (NEP/93/027) Jun 1994

Nov 1994

Assessment of Impact of Training Programme conducted by Regional Training Centre of ADB/N to Small Farmers (for Small Farmer Development Project –SFDP)

Small Farmers Development Programme / GTZ

Aug 1994 Oct 1994

Evaluation of ADB/N-PLAN Rautahat Credit Scheme PLAN International / Rautahat programme Nov 1994 Nov 1994

Preparation of Skill Training Component of proposed Mid and Far-western Region Poverty Alleviation Project FAO Investment Centre, Rome Feb 1995

Apr 1995

Feasibility Study of Leasehold Forestry Programmes in five VDCs of Lamjung district (Rural Development through Self-help Promotion –Lamjung / RDSPL / GTZ)

RDSPL Project/ GTZ Jun 1995 Nov 1995

Business plan for packing, processing and marketing of fresh apples, apple products and selected agro- and forest-based product in/from Mustang district of Nepal

Agro-enterprise Centre / a joint USAID/FNCCI activity

July 1995 Nov 1995

Business plan for the establishment and management of an Agro-forestry Enterprise in Kapilvastu district

AEC (Agro-enterprise Centre) / USAID/ FNCCI

Aug 1995 Dec 1995

Assessment of Credit and Income Generation Programme of Biratnagar Programme of PLAN International

PLAN International / Biratnagar Programme

Nov 1995 Dec 1995

Situation Assessment of Socio-economic and Rural Credit Market and Preparation of Savings and Credit Programme for PLAN International Banke Programme

PLAN International / Banke Programme

Feb 1996 Mar 1996

Preparation of Guidelines (Manual) for Strengthening the Credit Scheme implemented by PLAN International

PLAN International / Biratnagar Programme

Mar 1996 Aug 1996

Review of the Swabalamban Programme implemented by RSDC and Establishing the Baseline Information for Longitudinal Monitoring Impact Monitoring Unit / GTZ Apr 1996

July 1996

Assessment of RSDC-SDPP in Mid-west Helvetas/ Nepal Jan 1997 Mar 1997 Critical Issues in Nepal's Micro-finance Circumstances IRIS-USAID/Nepal Feb 1997 Apr 1997 Sustainable Human Development Action Research on Employment Generation PDDP / UNDP May 1997

Sept 1997

Market Linkage Study of Bharatpur Market Region RUP / UNDP Dec 1997 Mar 1997

Employment Generation through Labour-based Technology Employment Promotion Commission and GTZ March 1998 May 1998

Who is Who in Microfinance Sector in Nepal: Directory of Institutions and Projects/Programmes CECI Jun1998 Oct 1998

Design of Microfinance Component in Micro-enterprise Development Project UNDP Feb 1999 Mar 1999

Manual for Institution Development of Leasehold Forestry Groups in HLFFDP UNDP/ FAO Apr 1999 June 1999

Sustainable Management of Soil Borne Diseases of Mid hills Bari Land of Nepal HELVETAS Oct 2000 Dec 2000

Institutional Mapping of Bajhang, Bajura, Jumla and Humla districts DANIDA and IFAD Oct 2002 Nov 2003 Leasehold Mapping of Bajhang, Bajura, Jumla and Humla districts DANIDA and IFAD Oct 2002 Nov 2003

Need Assessment Survey of Dolpa, Humla, Rukum and Jajarkot districts World Food Programme, UNICEF, and DFID Nov 2003 Dec 2004

Baseline Study of Ramechhap district Lutheran World Federation Oct 2004 March 2005 Manual for Bal Bikash Bhawan Operation DEPROSC-Nepal Sep 2004 Oct 2004 Manual for Out of school class DEPROSC-Nepal Sep 2004 Oct 2004 Manual for School Outreach Class DEPROSC-Nepal Sep 2004 Oct 2004 Manual for Micro Banking DEPROSC-Nepal Jan 2005 March 2005 Manual of Child club operation and management DEPROSC-Nepal Jan 2005 March 2005 Operation Manual of QIP DEPROSC-Nepal Aug 2005 Aug 2005 Research and Analysis on Livelihoods and Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods in Nawalparasi, Mahottari and Saptari Oxfam GB Nepal June 2008 June 2008

Disadvantaged Group (DAG) Mapping in 28 DACAW districts UNICEF Sept 2008 Sept 2009

THE REFLECTION 31

Fin

an

cia

l Sta

tem

ent

32 THE REFLECTION

THE REFLECTION 33

ADB-JFPRAgro Enterprise CentreAPCA Nepal Pvt. Ltd.CIDA/ CECIConcern Worldwide NepalDFIDEUFAOGoNGTZHELVETASHKIICIMODICSGIDEIFADILOLWF

Norvic International HospitalNRA GermanyOXFAMPACT NepalPAF NepalPLAN InternationalRotary InternationalRoyal Danish EmbassyRWSS-FUNDBOARDSave the Children AllianceTBSUUN OCHAUNDPUNICEFUSAIDWorld BankUN WFPWINROCK

Partners/ Donors

Support Banks

Nepal Bangladesh Bank

Nepal Industrial & Commercial Bank

Nepal Investment Bank

Prime Commercial Bank

Rastriya Banijya Bank

Siddhartha Bank

Standard Chartered Bank

Sunrise Bank Ltd.

Vibor Bikash Bank

Citizens Bank InternationalCentral Finance Co Ltd.DCBL Bank Ltd.Everest Bank LimitedICFC Bittiya SansthaImperial FinanceKumari BankLaxmi Bank LimitedLumbini Bank LimitedNabil Bank Limited

On

go

ing

pro

jects

S.N

Nam

e o

f th

e p

roje

ct

Dis

tric

ts

1Fre

ed H

aliy

a a

nd K

am

aiy

a E

mpow

erm

ent Pro

ject

Baita

di,

Bajh

ang, B

aju

ra, D

adeld

hura

, D

arc

hula

,

Doti,

Kaila

li, K

anchanpur,

Bard

ia

2Educatio

n f

or

Incom

e G

enera

tion

Banke

, B

ard

iya, D

aile

kh, D

ang, Ja

jark

ot, P

yuth

an,

Rolp

a, R

uku

m, S

aly

an, S

urk

het

3M

icro

-fin

ance

Bara

, B

hakt

apur,

Dhadin

g, Jh

apa, K

ath

mandu,

Lalit

pur,

Mora

ng, N

uw

ako

t, S

apta

ri, S

unsari,

Maka

wanpur

4M

icro

Health

Insura

nce

Dhadin

g

5Im

pro

vin

g L

ivelih

ood o

f Poor

and D

isadvanta

ged

Gro

ups in

Easte

rn D

evelo

pm

ent R

egio

nD

hanku

ta, M

ora

ng, S

apta

ri, S

unsari

6S

usta

inable

Com

munity

Develo

pm

ent Pro

ject fo

r

Povert

y R

eductio

nD

olp

a, R

asuw

a, R

uku

m

7C

om

munity

based W

ate

r S

upply

and S

anita

tion

Pro

ject

Dolp

a

8D

istr

ibutio

n o

f A

gricultu

ral I

nputs

and T

rain

ing

Support

to F

arm

ers

Dolp

a, Ju

mla

, K

alik

ot

9M

NP d

istr

ibutio

n u

nder

PR

RO

Pro

ject

Dolp

a, H

um

la, Ja

jark

ot, J

um

la, K

alik

ot, M

ugu, R

olp

a,

Ruku

m, S

indhuli,

Udaypur

10

Food S

ecurity

Support

Pro

gra

m u

nder

PR

RO

Hum

la, Ja

jark

ot

11

Pro

tracte

d R

elie

f and R

ecovery

Opera

tion-

PR

RO

Jum

la, K

alik

ot

12

Bridge B

uild

ing a

t Local L

evel

Nuw

ako

t, R

uku

m

13

Anti

Tra

ffic

king P

roje

ct

Ram

echhap

14

Peace R

econciliatio

n a

nd H

um

an R

ights

Pro

ject

Ram

echhap

15

Mark

et A

ccess f

or

Sm

all

Hold

er

Farm

ers

Sapta

ri, S

iraha, R

auta

hat, B

ara

, Pars

a

Le

ge

nd

μ

50

050

100

150

25

Kilo

me

ters

Pro

jects

im

ple

mente

d b

y D

EP

RO

SC

Ne

pa

l

Pro

jects

on

goin

g in

42

dis

tric

ts

Pro

jects

ph

ase

ove

r in

8 d

istr

icts

DOLPA

HUMLA

DANG

MUGU

KAILALI

DOTI

GORKHA

RUKUM

JUMLA

KASKI

BAJHANG

MUSTANG

ILAM

TAPLEJUNG

BAJURA

ROLPA

MYAGDI

BANKE

SURKHET

SALYAN

SINDHULI

JHAPA

MANANG

PALPA

BARA

BARDIYA

JAJARKOT

SOLUKHUMBU

PARSA

UDAYAPUR

DOLAKHA

DARCHULA

CHITAWAN

KALIKOT

DHAD

ING

MORANG

BAITADI

SANKHU

WASABHA

TANAHU

ACHHAM

BAGLUNG

MAKWANPUR

KABHRE

DAILEKH

RASUWA

LAMJUNG

BHOJPUR

GULMI

KHOTAN

G

SAPTARI

SARLAHI

NAWALPARASI

SINDHUPALCHOK

KAPILBASTU

SIRAHA

SUNS

ARI

PYUTHAN

RAMECHHAP

SYANGJA

KANCHANPUR

NUWAKOT

RUPAND

EHI

DADELDHURA

DHANUSHA

PANCHTHAR

RAUTAH

AT

MAHOTTARI

DHANKUTA

PARBAT

ARGHAKHANCHI

OKHALDHUNGA

TERAHATHUM

LALITPUR

KATHMANDU

BHAKTAPUR