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COMMUNICATIONTOTHEICCPROSECUTORPURSUANT

TOARTICLE15OFTHEROMESTATUTEOFTHEINTERNATIONALCRIMINALCOURTTOOPENA

PRELIMINARYINQUIRYINTOTHEATTACKAGAINSTTHEISLAMICMOVEMENTOFNIGERIAON12-13OF

DECEMBER2015INZARIA

IslamicHumanRightsCommission

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TableofContents1. ExecutiveSummary 4

2. Introduction 6

3. TheHistoricalandPoliticalContext 7

a. Eventsof25and26July2014 8

4. Eventsof12and13December2015 10

a. TheAttackonHussainiyyahBaqiyatullahCentre 12

b. TheattackonZakzaky’sresidence 13

c. TheAttackatDarurRahma 14

5. CrimesAgainstHumanityCommittedByTheNigerianArmy 15

a. Subject-matterJurisdiction:theContextualElements 15

i. AttackDirectedAgainstAnyCivilianPopulation 15

ii. WidespreadOrSystematicNatureOfTheAttack 16

b. Subject-matterJurisdiction:theUnderlyingActs 19

c. Jurisdictionrationetemporis 20

d. Jurisdictionrationeloci 21

e. Theadmissibilityparameters 21

i. Admissibility 21

ii. GravityoftheCrimes 22

6. Conclusions 23

AppendixA:ArmypersonnelandpoliticianstheICCshouldinvestigate 24AppendixB:Listofthoseknowntohavebeenkilled 25AppendixC:Listofthoseindetention 35AppendixD:Listofmissingpeople 40AppendixE:TheZariaMassacresandtheRoleoftheMilitary 62


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ACRONYMSANDABBREVIATIONSHRW HumanRightsWatchICC InternationalCriminalCourtICTY InternationalCriminalTribunalortheFormerYugoslaviaICTR InternationalCriminalTribunalofRwandaIHRC IslamicHumanRightsCommissionIMN IslamicMovementinNigeria


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1. ExecutiveSummaryTheNigerianarmycarriedoutmassiveattacksoverthecourseofthe12thand13thDecember2015whichtargetedtheIslamicMovementofNigeriainZaria.Theoperationresultedinthedeathsofatleast1000unarmedcivilians,mostlyIMNmembers, killed by gunshots attributed to soldiers. Hundredsmore were injured.Therewerereportsthatthemilitaryblockedaccesstomedicalcarefortheinjuredand shot at and killedwounded persons.Witnesses and victims reported signs ofwidespread force and cruelty with allegations of looting, arson, mutilation, massgraves,torture,rapeandotherinhumaneactslevelledattheNigerianarmy.Thesupportingmaterialsandeyewitnessaccountsfurtherindicatethatsuchmassiveacts of violence were carried out in the context of a widespread and systematicattackagainsttheNigeriancivilianpopulation.TheviolenceunleashedonmembersoftheIMNhasahistoryanditisahistoryofpremeditation.Thereisalsosufficientevidence to suggest an official plan by Nigerian government officials to cover upthesecrimesandindeedperpetuatethesame.IHRC is of the view that there are reasonable grounds tobelieve these crimes fallwithinthejurisdictionofthecourtinaccordancewiththeRomeStatute.ThecrimesoftheNigerianarmymeetalltherelevantcriteriatowarrantfurtherinvestigationbytheprosecutoroftheInternationalCriminalCourt.Inviewiftheabove,IHRCcallsontheProsecutortoopenapreliminaryinvestigationpropriomotuontheincidentsreported.This IHRCcommunicationaims toprovidea solidunderstandingof theeventsandcrimescommittedbytheNigerianArmy,anditisbasedoneyewitnessaccountsandothersupportingmaterials.Thesecondpartfocusesonthelegalparametersagainstwhichcrimesagainsthumanityareassessed,inrespectofarticles7,12,13,15,17,53oftheRomeStatute.


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Recommendations:Basedontheevidencecollectedsofar,theIHRCfirmlybelievesthat:

1. Thecrimescommittedbetweenthe12thand14thDecember2015inZaria,KadunaState,bytheNigerianarmyamounttocrimesagainsthumanity.

2. The crimes committed by the Nigerian army meet all the necessary legalrequirementstowarrantapreliminaryinvestigationbytheICCprosecutor.

Basedonthesegrounds,IHRCthereforerecommendsthefollowing:1. The ICC prosecutor should open a preliminary examination into the incidents

thatoccurredbetweenthe12thand14thDecember2015inZaria,KadunaState.

2. IHRCdemandstheProsecutorexpanditsmonitoringactivitiesonNigeriaandthearmy’s involvement in attacks against the IMN that occurred in the periodbetween 2014 and 2015. Indeed, Nigeria is already under preliminaryinvestigationbytheProsecutorinrelationtoBokoHaram.

3. IHRCcallsontheICCProsecutortoissueapreventivestatementsayingthatheis

monitoringtheNigeriancrisisandisawareofthecommissionofcrimesandwarntheperpetratorsabouttheircriminalliability.


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2. INTRODUCTION

1. The Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) is an independent, non-profit,campaigns, research and advocacy organisation based in London, UK. Since itsestablishment in 1997, the IHRC has developed relations with a wide range ofdifferentorganisationsaround theworld inorder tocampaign for justice forallpeoples,regardlessoftheirracial,confessionalorpoliticalbackground.

2. IHRChasatthecoreofitsmandatetheinvestigationofhumanrightsabusesandreferralofcasestoalltherelevantinternationalbodies,suchastheInternationalCriminalCourtinTheHague.Thelegalteamhasreceivedreportsofhumanrightsabuses from a variety of sources inNigeria and internationally, includingNGOsandvictims’families.ThismaterialhasbeenanalysedandisnowbeingprovidedtotheICCProsecutor.

3. This communication is submitted to setoutpotential charges in relation to the

crimes currently being committed with impunity in Nigeria against the civilianpopulation.Thereisnolistofindividualssetoutinthefilingandthisislefttothediscretion of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), althoughassistance in identifying thosemostculpable for thecommissionof suchcrimeswillbeprovidedwiththecommunication.

4. It isrequestedthattheOfficeoftheProsecutor,whenanalysingtheseriousness

oftheinformationreceived,seeksadditionalinformationunderArticle15(2).Thisis particularly important, given the absolute negligence on the part of theGovernmentofNigeria tocarryout investigations in relation to thematters setoutherein. It is furthernoted thathigh representativesof thegovernmentandthemilitarydeliberatelyattemptedtodiverttheinvestigation.


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3. THEHISTORICALANDPOLITICALCONTEXT5. Nigeriaisafederationcomprising36Statesand774localgovernmentareas,with

a population of approximately 168 million inhabitants belonging to over 250ethnic groups. The three largest groups are: the Hausa-Fulani Muslims livingpredominantly inthenorth;theYoruba, followersofbothChristianandIslamicfaiths, residing mainly in the south-west; and the Igbo, most of whom areChristians,whoarefoundprimarilyinthesouth-east.

6. Ethnic and religious identities often overlap and correlate with the pattern ofpoliticalpartiesaswellaswithvotingbehaviour.CausesandtypesofviolenceinNigeria are multiple and differ from state to state. The parts of Nigeria mostaffectedbyviolenceatdifferenttimesinthepastinclude:theMiddle-BeltstatesincentralNigeria;theNigerDelta;andNorthernstates,particularlyBorno,Kano,Yobe, Kaduna and Adamawa states, affected by communal and post-electionviolence as well as attacks attributed to Boko Haram. Violence occurred inparticular in the northern region around the 2011 elections, during whichhundredsofcivilianswereallegedlykilled.

7. Following themassiveattacksoncivilians in theperiodbetween July2002andApril 2011 in the context of ‘inter-communal, sectarian and political violence,resulting in the deaths of thousands of people, the ICC Prosecutor’s officeinitiated a preliminary investigation into the incidents as crimes againsthumanity,whichiscurrentlyatphase3(admissibility).

8. The information analysed in the present communication relates to differentcrimescommittedbytheNigerianarmyagainsttheIslamicMovementofNigeria(IMN) in the period between July 2014 and December 2015 in the northernregionofKaduna.TheIMNisabroad-basedmassorganisationbasedinZaria,themajor cityofKadunastate, founded in the late1970sasa studentmovement.Since itsestablishment, ithasgrown intoasocialandreligiousmovementwithsupporters and members of all ages and from all religious affiliations. Todayestimates say the IMN enjoys the support of between 10-15 million peopleacrossNigeria, fromboth Sunni and Shia Islamic schools of thought aswell assome Christians.Most spiritual activities are conducted in the Hussainiyyah inZaria.

9. TheIMNhasatseveraltimesbeentheobjectof indiscriminateattacksbybothBoko Haram and the Nigerian army, especially during their annual al-Qudsprocessions. The Nigerian security outfits have regularly perpetrated bloodyattacks, especially the clampdownonmembers of the IMN and destruction ofIMN headquarters in Sokoto in July 2007, in Zaria in 2009, 2014 and 2015.AttacksinNorthWesternNigeriain2009wereledbygovernmentofficials.Thepresent communication aims at reporting the violations of human rightsstandards thatoccurred inDecember2015.Aprevious IHRC report concerningthe attack against the IMN in 2014 can be found at the end of the presentcommunicationinAppendixE.


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a) Eventsof25and26July2014110. IHRCsenta fact-findingmission toZariaon30 July2014. IHRCChair,Massoud

Shadjareh, led the mission and a report was compiled afterwards, based ondirectinterviewswithvictims,theirfamilies,andalsoeyewitnesses.ThefindingsincludevideofootageofNigeriansoldiersfiringonunarmedcivilians locatedatthetailendoftheal-QudsprocessioninZariaon25July.Thirty-twopeopledied.Bystanders were among those killed in the violence. Over 100 people wereinjured.

11. IHRCreportedthaton25July2014,ataround4.30p.m.theprocessioncametoanendwith thereadingofacollectiveprayer,while thetailof theprocession,still at some distance from the termination point, was viciously attacked bysoldiers,whostartedshootingatthecrowdfromaveryclosedistance.AllthosewhowereinterviewedbyIHRC,includingvictimsandbystanders,statedthatthecrowdwasunarmedanddidnotfightback.Theychantedassoldiersapproachedthem,andwhentheshootingbecamecontinuousandindiscriminatetheylayonthe ground for protection. The indiscriminate nature of the shootingmeant anumber of people who were not part of the procession were also killed orinjured. Mr. Julius Anyanwu, a 68 year-old local Christian man, was shot anddisembowelledashesought toknowwhy thesoldierswereshootingunarmedcivilians.Hediedbeforehearrivedat the localhospital. Inanadjacentshop,aChristianwomanwasshotandinjuredasshesoughtshelter.Anumberofstraybulletstorethroughthefrontoftheshopandintoherhandsandchest.

12. In the same report, IHRC reported that the following day a further incident

occurredattheHussainiyyah,wheremanyoftheinjuredhadbeentakeninordertoreceivefirstaidafterthepreviousday’sevents.Eye-witnessestoldIHRCthatwhileIMNsupporterswereattheprecinctofthemainbuilding,threetruckloadsof soldiers approached the premises and after a brief argument with themembers of the IMN who were seeking to know their mission, the soldiersstarted firing at the crowd from very close range (approximately 3-10metres)withoutwarning.Allthevictimsandeye-witnesseshaveconfirmedthatnoneofthepeopleoutside theHussainiyyahwere carryinggunsoranyweapons. Theyalsodidnotprovoketheattack.Thesoldiershadshotatunarmedcivilians,andnosoldierswerekilledorharmedduringtheincident.

13. The two attacks resulted in themurder of at least 34 IMNmembers, some ofwhomwere tortured after their arrest by the army, including three biologicalchildren of IMN leader Sayyed Ibrahim Zakzaky. There is also evidence that anumber of those arrested died in military custody. The report indicates thatsomepeopleweretakenintodetentionaliveandlateremergeddeadwiththeir

1AlltheincidentsincludedhereinafterhavebeenreportedtoIHRCbyeyewitnessesandvictims’families.TheyareatIHRC’sdisposalandcanbeprovidedtoICCatalaterstage


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bodies bearing signs of torture. Others who were injured were detained forhoursandbrutalisedbeforebeingallowedtoseekmedicaltreatment.

14. Theincidentwaswidelycondemnedwithapromisebythenationalgovernmenttolookintothemattertoidentifythoseresponsible.Sincethen,thegovernmenthas taken no action even after the Islamic Movement sent a petition to theNationalHumanRightsCommissionseekingredress.


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4. Eventsof12–13December201515. IHRCbelievesthattheNigerianarmycarriedoutattacksoverthecourseof12-14

December2015at:

a. theHussainiyyahandreligiouscentrelocatedatNo.1A,SokotoRoad;

b. the home of the IMN leader Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Zakzaky in the GyellesuneighbourhoodofZaria;

c. the group’s burial ground of Darur-Rahma, in Dembo village, in theoutskirtsofZaria;and

d. ThehomeandburialplaceofHajiyaSalihaMuhammad,SayyidZakzaky’slatemotherintheJushineighbourhoodofZaria

16. Eyewitness accounts confirm that on themorning of Saturday 12th December

2015,soldierswerestationedoppositetheHussainiyyahBaqiyatullah(hereafterreferred to as Hussainiyyah). They shot in the air initially and later at peoplewithout provocation. In the midst of the confusion that ensued, and withoutwarning,asirenbelongingtothepurportedentourageoftheChiefofArmyStaffLieutenant General Tukur Yusuf Buratai went off. Video evidence andeyewitnessessawsoldierskillingsmallchildrenwhowereconfusedandrunningfor refugeoutside theHussainiyyah.Theyremained in that locationkilling IMNmembers on sight. Themembers of the IMN,whowere unarmed, took coverinside theHussainiyyah.Thesoldierscordonedoff theHussainiyyahpreventingthe injured insidethecentrefromcomingouttoseekmedicalhelp.Asaresultmany of those with serious gunshot wounds died. The army later killed themajority of those who had sought refuge in the Hussainiyyah, including theinjured,womenandchildrenwhenitinvadedanddestroyedthecomplex.

17. WhiletheNigerianarmywasundertakingitskillingspreeattheHussainiyyahonthat fateful Saturday, another contingent of the Nigerian Army, in about ninetrucks carrying heavy arms and ammunition, cordoned off Gyellesuneighbourhoodwherethe leaderof IMN,Sayyid IbrahimZakzakyresides,somefive kilometres away from the Hussainiyyah. They started killing unarmedcivillians indiscriminately through the day and throughout the course of thenight.Whenevertheyshotsomeoneandothersrushedtopickhim/herup,thesoldierswouldthenshootandkill themaswell.Thatsituation lasted forhourswith another reinforcement of soldiers arriving in about as many trucks andArmoured Personnel Carriers. They engaged in continued bloodshed, breakingthehumanshieldmadebyunarmedmembersoftheIMNwithease,forcingtheirwaythroughapileofhumancorpsestogetintoSheikhZakzaky’sresidence.Theyvirtually killed their way through. Witnesses have told of how the 500-metrestretchofroadleadingtothehousewasfilledwithcorpses.Onceatthehouse,thesoldiersusedexplosivestobringdownasectionofthehouseandignitedafire.


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18. Thereafter, theNigerianarmykilled those thatwere injuredand receiving first

aidinthecompound,settingfiretosomecorpsesandtheinjuredaswell.

19. Eyewitnesses and surviving victims report mutilation of the dead – cutting ofthroats,slashingthegenitalsofbothmalesandfemales,pokingoutofeyesandso on. There were cases of women being sexually assaulted and shot in theirgenitals by the soldiers. When they were done, survivors reported that thesoldierswerecelebrating,saying“wehavefinishedwiththeShiaandZakzaky.NomoreShiainNigeria”.

20. At least 1000 civilians are estimated to have been killed and hundreds more

injuredasaresultofthemilitaryattacksoverthetwodays.Inaddition,wehavereceived reports that the soldiers quickly buried the corpses of those killed inmassgraveswithouttheknowledgeorpermissionoffamilymembers,withtheaimofimpedinganaccuratecountofthedead.Accordingly,IMNmemberstoldIHRCthatmassgravesweredocumentedbetween14and15December2015insomelocationsinKadunastate,onelocationbeingalongKadunatoBirninGwariroad.

21. Following the attacks against the Hussainiyyah and the residence of Sheikh

Zakzaky,thearmyproceededtodestroybuildingsandgraveslinkedtotheIMN.The Hussainiyyah at GRA area was completely destroyed. The Fudiyya IslamicCentreatDanMagajiandthefamilyhomeofSheikhZakzaky,wherehismother’stomb is located in Zaria suffered a similar fate. Graves belonging to formermembersoftheIMNattheDarurRahmacemeterysituated10milesoutsideofZariaweredemolished.

22. IMNspokespersonshave stated that thearmypremeditated theattacks.Armyofficials claim that thecauseof theviolenceby thearmywasa traffic incidentinvolvingthearmyand IMNsupporters.This in realityexposes the intentionofthearmytocoverupallthecrimescommittedbyitssoldiers.Accordingtowhatis reported by Human RightsWatch, the army has publicly confirmed that itsconfrontationwiththeIMNmemberswasprovokedbythemovement’saffiliateswho had erected a makeshift roadblock near a mosque in an assassinationattempt on the army chief of staff Lieutenant General Tukur Buratai, whoseconvoywaspassingthroughthearea. Inan internalmilitarydocumentseenbyHRW,thearmysaidprotestersappearedtobetakinguppositionsnearthebackoftheconvoy.IMNmembersandSheikhZakzaky,inaninterviewgrantedtotheBBCthatday,disputedthisandcategoricallysaidthattherewerenoroadblockswhenthemilitarydeployedinfrontofHussainiyyah.PicturesfromthetimethemilitaryfirstassembledoppositetheHussainiyyahcorroboratedtheabsenceofroadblocks at the time with what appeared to be free flow of vehicular andhumantraffic.Furthermore,thereisphotographicevidenceofextraammunitionboxesplacedbetweenthesoldiers’feetfromthestart.IMNmembersthereforeexpressed their deep-rooted belief that the attacks were premeditated andpoliticallymotivated.


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a) TheAttackonHussainiyyahBaqiyatullahCentre23. InthemorningofSaturday12December2015,scoresofsoldiersstartedarriving

and gathering opposite the Hussainiyyah. On that day, theMovement was tohaveaflag-hoistingeventtocommemoratethebeginningofthemonthofRabiulAwwal,theIslamicmonthinwhichtheProphetMuhammadwasborn.

24. According to the reports collected by IHRC, at around 12:30pm, some of theorganisers,noticingtheunusualheavypresenceofarmedsoldiersstationedonlya few metres across the road, went to enquire why soldiers in such largenumbers were stationed in front of the Hussainiyyah (photo evidence clearlyshows thatmembers of the IMNwerenot holding anyweapons). The soldiersinformed them that themilitarywas having a passing-out parade in oneof itsbarracks,andsoldierswerestationedatallroadjunctions.MembersoftheIMNrequested that the soldiers move further away to avoid generating unduetensioninviewofthebloodyincidentsof2014.

25. Rather thanmoveaway, video footage shotby IMNmembers showed soldierscalmlytakinguppositionsaroundtheHussainiyyahbeforetheshootingsbegan.Thearmyreportedlystartedshootingintheair,andthentargetedthemembersof the IMN. As IMNmembers scrambled for cover, soldierswere seen cartingawaythewoundedandkilled.

26. Followingthefirstroundofshootings,thesoldiersretreatedafewmetresfromtheHussainiyyahforafewminutes,butreturnedwiththeirowncameramanandunknown persons (in civilian dress) with sticks and throwing stones from thedirection the soldiers came from. The officers appear to shout, “don’t shoot!”and“Wewanttopass.”Ontheotherhand,membersofthe IMNappeartobecomplainingthatsoldiersshottheircolleagues.InthevideoclipreleasedtothepubliclaterbythemilitaryasevidencethatIMNmembersblockedtheirpassage,members of the IMN could be clearly heard protesting to the officers in theHausa language “sai ku kawo sojoji kofar Hussainiyyah su harbemu?” (Is thatwhy you brought soldiers in front of Hussainiyyah to shoot us?). Yet anothercouldbeheardalsoclearly saying“sunzosunharbemu”meaning“theycameand shot us”. In themeantime, theunknown individuals following the soldierswerethrowingstonesandwieldingknives.Inthemidstofallthistherewasthesiren of the purported entourage of the Chief of Army Staff General TukurBuratai.Thevideoclipdidnot showwhen theArmychief cameandpassedorwhathappenedafterwards.

27. The Nigerian soldiers reinforced and maintained a siege of the Hussainiyyahpreventing the injured inside the centre from coming out to seek medicalattention. At about 1:00 am, i.e. 12 hours afterwards, they flashed some verybrightlightsattheHussainiyyahandcalledonthoseinsidenumberinghundreds,includingwomenandchildren,tocomeoutwiththeirhandsup.However,whensomedid,theywereshotbythesoldiersthusdeterringtheothersfromcomingout. At about 5:30 am, the Nigerian army started throwing grenades in an


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attempttogainaccess,killingthosewhohadremainedinside.Thesoldiersshotindiscriminately including at those previously injured and at those giving themfirstaid.Peoplescatteredinalldirectionsseekingcover.EyewitnessestoldIHRCthat the Nigerian soldiers were seen targeting children who, confused andscared,were scrambling for refuge.At theendof theattack, the soldiers tookawaythecorpsestoanunknowndestination.

28. Aweeklater,onSunday20December,Kadunastategovernmentofficialsalongwith the army brought down the front of the Hussainiyyah and levelled theentirestructure.

29. Basedoneyewitnessaccounts,IHRCestimatesthattheNigerianarmymurderedapproximatelythreehundredunarmedciviliansattheHussainiyyahonthenightof12December,amongstthemapproximatelyonehundredchildren.Theytookawaythecorpses.

b) TheAttackonZakzakyResidence30. According to IHRC sources, hundreds of IMNmemberswho came for the flag

hoisting ceremony but could not get to Hussainiyyah, went to Gyellesuneighbourhood, seeking refuge from the killing spree unfolding at theHussainiyyah and to create a human shield around the leader of theirorganisation.

31. At about 9:00 p.m. nine Nigerian army trucks carrying heavy arms andammunitionmoved on the private residence of Sayyed Ibrahim Zakzaky. Theystartedbybombingateashopandsettingsurroundingshopsonfire.Oncetheyhad takenuppositionoutside thewallsofCongoCampusofABU,close to thehouseofSheikhZakzaky,thesoldiersopenedfireindiscriminatelyonthepeoplewhohadformedahumanshieldaroundthehouse.Astheshootingstarted,theystartedlaunchingstonestowardsthesoldiers.Theattackreportedlylasteduntil5:30 in themorning,when another 20 trucks carrying reinforcements came insupport of the army and joined in the attack. The attack lasted a further twohours afterwhich soldiers successfully reached the fenceof thehouse. It tookthemanothertwohoursofshootingatbesiegeddefencelessciviliansbeforetheygainedentrytoSheikhZakzaky’shouse.

32. According to IHRC sources, the IMN leader Sheikh Zakzaky, his wife ZeenatIbrahim,andtheirsixchildrenHammad,Ali,Humaid,Suhaila,SajidaandZainabremained confined in thehouse.At least 700 IMN supporterswere reportedlykilledwhilemanyothers,whowereinjuredandwereleftoutsidetheresidenceinurgentneedofmedical assistance,weredeniedmedical treatmentuntil thefollowingday.Eyewitnessreportsandphotographsshowpilesofbodieslyingonthe floor outside Zakzaky’s house. Later on, the army threw explosives atsectionsofthehouse,whichstartedfires.Theseburntsomeoftheinjuredwhoweretoosicktomoveaswellassomeofthecorpses.


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33. Eyewitnesses reported to IHRC that soldierswere seenkillinganyonewhohadbeeninjuredduringtheattackandalsoallowedgroupsofcriminalstostealandloot the victims’ belongings from their corpses. Many corpses were foundseverelymutilatedandbearingwoundsfrombeingcut.Allthoseinhumanactsofviolencewerecarriedoutinthepresenceandwiththecomplicityofthesoldiers.The eyewitnesses also reported that soldiers were celebrating and chantingslogans against the IMN, such as ‘wehave finishedwith the Shia and Zakzaky’and‘nomoreShiasinNigeria’.

34. TheattackontheZakzaky’sresidenceendedonthe14thofDecemberwiththearrest of Sheikh Zakzaky and his family. Three of his sons and his elder sisterwere shot dead and Ibrahim Zakzaky and hiswifewere both shot and injuredimmediately before their arrest. Afterwards, evidence started circulatingshowing a severely injured and bleeding Sheikh Zakzaky in the custody of thearmyandbearing six gunshotwounds: tohis face, his right leg, handandarmandchest.OtherphotographicevidenceshowedaninjuredSheikhZakzakybeingmistreated by Nigerian soldiers and being forced to sit on the ground, beingbrutalised and possibly tortured. He was subsequently also ferried in awheelbarrowtoawaitingtruckandtakentoanunknowndestination.

35. OnMonday14December,theNigerianarmyeventuallyconfirmedthearrestofSheikhZakzaky,andhisdetentionatanarmybarracks.Currently,itstillisn’tclearin whose custody the IMN leader is, whether it is the army or the police. Noformal charges have been filed. Initially the army refused to allow anyoneincluding his family, doctors or lawyers to see him. Itwas feared that hemayhavedied in custody. Thearmyeventually allowedadelegationof theMuslimCounciltovisithimon14January2016,onemonthafterhisarrest.Amemberofthedelegationconfirmedthathewasalivebutinjuredasaresultofbeingshotmultipletimes.Nofamilymember,independentpersonalphysicianorlawyerhasbeenallowedtoseehimasyet.

c) TheAttackatDarurRahma36. Darur Rahma is a cemetery owned by the IMN in Nigeria. On the evening of

Sunday13December2015,someIMNmemberswhoguardandmaintainthesitewereinthecompanyofsomeotherswhohadtakenrefugetherefollowingthemilitaryattackontheHussainiyyahandatGyellesu.

37. TheNigerianarmywenttotheDarurRahmaandshelledbuildingsusingrocketlaunchers.Italsoopenedfireatciviliansseekingrefugethere.

38. Thedeadbodies fromDarurRahma,numberingabout50,weretakenawaybythesoldierspresumablytothemortuaryofABUTeachingHospitalatShika,nearZaria.Asiegeoftheareawasmaintainedthereafter,presumablytoprecludethepossibilityofanysurvivorsemergingfromthesite.


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5. CRIMESAGAINSTHUMANITYCOMMITTEDBYTHENIGERIANARMY239. IHRCexpressesitsgraveconcernsregardingtheviolentattacksconductedbythe

Nigerian army between 12 and 14 December 2015 in Zaria. Credible reportsdemonstrate that such alleged crimes were premeditated and have beenintentionallycommittedbytheNigerianarmyagainsttheIMNinZaria.

40. At the end of the three days of violence, the unlawful conduct of and therepressivemeasurestakenbythearmyresultedinmorethan1000peoplekilledandmanyhundreds injured. Inaddition to those, casesofextrajudicial killings,rape, genitalmutilation and sexual assault, torture andmass graves have alsobeenevidencedintheemergingreports.

41. In this regard, IHRC intends to demonstrate that the aforementioned attacksmeet all the legal criteria established by the Rome Statute to warrant aninvestigationbytheCourtasactsamountingtocrimesagainsthumanity.

a) Subject-matterJurisdiction:theContextualElements42. In conformitywith article 7 of theRomeStatute, the violent attacks are tobe

considered crimes against humanity inasmuch as they evidently fulfil the legalrequirementsaddressedbelow.

i) AttackDirectedAgainstAnyCivilianPopulation:43. In article 7(1), crimes against humanity are expressly identified as attacks

directed against a civilian population as such, not merely at an individual.Furthermore,a“civilianpopulation”compriseseverypluralityofpersonsthatareconnected with each other by common characteristics, which make them thetargetofanattack. It isnotthereforenecessarythattheentirepopulationofaStateorterritorybeaffectedbytheattack.

44. Inthisregard,theIHRCjudgestheoperationscarriedoutbythearmyduringthe12 and 14 December were specifically directed against the members of anidentified politicalmovement: the IslamicMovement of Nigeria (IMN). In theattacks,theIMNsupportersweretheprimarygroupofcivilianstargetedonthegroundsof theirpolitical affiliation to the IMN. In addition to that, theattackswereextendedtothecivilianpopulation‘asawhole’insofarasthearmydidnotdistinguishbetween IMNmembersandgeneralmembersof thepublicandthe

2Generally,pleasereferpreviousICCreportsonNigeria,availableontohttps://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/PIDS/docs/SAS%20-%20NGA%20-%20Public%20version%20Article%205%20Report%20-%2005%20August%202013.PDF


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attacks included violent acts against business premises, residential areas ofvariousvillagesandplaceswherepeoplesoughtrefuge.

45. Similarly,thearmedforcesshouldbeconsideredalsoresponsibleforcommittingthecrimeof tortureagainst IMNsupportersduring theirunlawfuldetention inthe aftermath of the attacks. Indeed, more than 500 individuals, includingchildrenandpregnantwomenwereallegedlydetainedarbitrarily following theassault at theHussainiyyah Baqiyatullah centre and Zakzaky’s residence.Manydetainees were photographed showing signs of being brutalised and torturedwhileindetentioninfacilitiesacrossKadunastateandbeyond.

46. WhileIHRCbelievesthisattackwasagainstanidentifiablepoliticalorganisation/movement,wewouldaskthatthereligiousconfessionofthevictimsshouldstillbetakenintoaccount.WhiletheIMNhasSunniandShiasupportersandevenafewChristiansympathisersacrossNigeria,thearmyandthegovernmentviewitas a Shia organisation. This is highlighted by the fact that the soldiers werechanting ‘we have finished with the Shia and Zakzaky’ and ‘no more Shias inNigeria’. Furthermore, subsequent statements (which were filmed duringmeetings)andactionsbygovernmentofficialsandthemilitarysuggestthattheyareworking intandemtoexterminatethosetheyterm‘Shia’ inNigeria.Clearlythe soldiers believed that this attackwas directed against the Shia communitywith a view to destroying it. Notwithstanding IMN’s non-denominationalconstitution, the army’s belief that they were destroying the Shia communityshouldbeconsideredbytheICC.

47. High-ranking community and political leaders were recorded preaching hatespeeches directed against members of IMN. The Nigerian military officerssponsoredsmearcampaignsonnationaltelevisionstationsaimedatincitingthepublictoattackIMNanditsleadership.Topmilitaryofficershavealsometwithhigh profile religious leaders and financially induced them to intensify hatepreachingagainstmembersoftheIMN,withaviewtojustifyingtheircrimesandindeedincitingmoreattacksonIMNmembersalloverthecountry.

ii) WidespreadOrSystematicNatureOfTheAttack48. The"attack"element,ascontainedinarticle7(1)oftheRomeStatute,describes

acourseofconductinvolvingthe‘multiplecommission’ofactsofviolencelistedinArticle7(1).

49. IHRCbelieves that theactscommittedby theNigerianarmyduring theattacksontheHussainiyyah,Zakzaky’shouseandDarurRahmagraveyard,fallunderthecategories listed in article 7(1): murder; imprisonment or other severedeprivationof physical liberty; torture; rape, or any formof sexual violenceofcomparable gravity; other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionallycausinggreatsuffering,orseriousinjurytobodyortomentalorphysicalhealth.


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50. Foranallegedacttowarrantclassificationasacrimeagainsthumanity, itmustmeetthe‘widespreadelement’thatqualifiesthemagnitudeoftheacts.Itreferstothelarge-scalenatureoftheattackintermsofthehighnumberofvictimsandthe geographical spread. Consequently, the alleged act must be massive,frequent, carried out collectively with considerable seriousness and directedagainstamultiplicityofvictims.

51. According to the statements of reliable sources, so far the actual figuresdemonstratethatat least1000civilianswerekilledandhundredsmore injuredasaresultofthemilitaryattacksoverthethreedays.Furthermore,otherreportsas well as the latest Human Rights Watch report confirmed the use of massgraves by the army, where numerous corpses were quickly buried with theintentionofconcealingthetotalnumberofvictims.

52. Inrespectof thegeographicalspread, IMNmemberstoldHumanRightsWatch

that mass graves have been documented in some locations in Kaduna state:notablyalongKadunatoBirninGwari road.Therewerealsoattacks inKaduna,resulting inthedeathsof13individuals includingwomen,withscoresarrested,torturedandimprisonedwithoutcharge.Inaddition,theattacksresultedinthedestructionofallstructuresownedbyIMNacrosstheZariaarea.TheseincludetheHussainiyyahcomplexatGRAarea,anadjacentpropertypreviouslyownedbythedefunctBritishTobaccoCompanyacquiredfromthemwhentheyleft,theFudiyyaIslamicCentreatDanMagaji,theprivatehouseofZakzaky’slatemotherat the Jushi neighbourhood of Zaria (where her grave was also situated) andDarurRahma.SuchreportsdemonstratethattheviolentattacksaffectedawidegeographicalareaofKadunastate.However,otheractsoccurredinotherareasacrossNigeria,especially inthenorthwhere IMNsupportersstagedprotests insupportoftheIslamicMovement.

53. IHRCmaintainsthatthe‘contextualelement’oftheattackismetinasatisfactorymanner. This refers to the "systematic" nature of the attack, determined byqualitative rather than quantitative measurement. It aims at pointing out theorganised nature of the crimes committed and serves to exclude isolated actsfrom the notion of crimes against humanity. In this regard, the InternationalCriminalTribunalforRwandaaffirmedinthepastthatacrimeagainsthumanitymust be ‘thoroughly organised, following a regular pattern, on the basis of acommonpolicy,and involvingsubstantialpublicorprivateresources’.Similarly,theInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslaviaestablishedthatthesystematicelementrequires,aboveall, ‘apoliticalobjectiveorplan; large-scaleorcontinuouscommissionofcrimesthatarelinked;theuseofsignificantpublicor private resources; and the implication of high-level political and/ormilitaryauthorities’.Inaddition,aclearreferenceto“policyelement”hasbeenmadeinarticle7(2)(a)oftheRomeStatute,whichestablishesthattheattackonacivilianpopulation must be carried out ‘pursuant to or in furtherance of a State ororganizationalpolicytocommitsuchattack’.


18

54. Accordingly, IHRCbelieves that the incidentsof the12and14Decemberwerenotisolatedorrandomacts;rathertheytookplaceonalargescaleandtargetedalargenumberofcivilianvictims.Inaddition,IHRCbelievesthatthearmyactedwith impunity firing several roundsof rocketpropelledgrenadesat the civilianpopulation and that it had pre-planned both attacks in 2014 and in 2015. Thecomplicity of the government in this regard can also be proved by the officialstatementsofgovernmentalrepresentativesaimedatjustifyingthearmyattacksorattemptingtoclearthemselvesofallresponsibility,andtheirfranticattemptsat hiding the crimes. There is evidence too that government officials andrepresentativesareworkingtofurthertheseattacksinscopeandspread.

55. ThereforeitisnotunrealistictoassumethatbothattackscanbeconsideredasapartofabroaderhostilepolicytargetingtheIMNduetothepoliticalviewsthatthe movement presents on behalf of the Nigerian civilian population. IHRCstronglybelievesthattheeventsleadingtothepresentmassacrehaveahistoryanditisahistoryofpremeditation.

56. Since as far back as 2009, in a video that IHRC has obtained, Sheikh IbrahimZakzaky has been convinced that the governmentwould attempt to commit a‘massacre’basedonasecretofficialdocument(a‘blueprint’)hesaidwasmadeavailabletohim.Hestated:“Weobtainedsomedocumentcalledblueprint.Itisawrittendocumentoutlininga certain secretplot thatwehaveobtained. Itwaswritten in the blueprint that between 16th and 19th September, an operationwouldbecarriedout.Thelocationoftheoperationwasstated,anditisgoingtobe in Zaria. Itwas stated that the operation involves amassacre. They used aterm thatonenever ever thoughtof, but thatwaswhatwas clearlywritten inthat government blueprint. They would carry out amassacre... it came to ournoticelastnightfromaveryreliablesourceinAbujathattheoperationwouldbecarriedoutinmyresidence,andthattheywouldbombthehouseandcompletelydestroyit.!”Theexposingofthisplotperhapsavertedthebloodshedatthetimeorpostponedit.

57. Aboutthreemonthsbeforethepresentattack,inanothervideo,SheikhZakzakyexposedaplotbytheNigerianmilitarytokillhiminawaythatcloselyresembleshow the latest attack was ruthlessly executed. In between these revelations,therehavebeenseveralattemptsonSheikhZakzaky’slifebytheNigerianarmy.In July 2015, soldiers laid ambush tohis convoyon theway toAbuja3. In fact,SheikhZakzakyhasescapedmanyassassinationattempts,siegesandambushesby the Nigerian security operatives or their agents. When threats to his lifepeakedtotheextentthateachtimehesteppedoutofhishouseattemptsonhislifeweremade by themilitary,members of the IMN and other people stagedpeaceful rallies across the countrywhichwaswidely reported in themedia atlocalandinternationallevels4.RecallthatinJuly2014,threeofhismalechildrenwerecaughtalive,torturedandshotdeadalongwith31others.Witnessesand

3ReportedbymanyNigerianNewspapersincludingintheGuardianNewspaperofJuly29,2015:www.ngrguardiannews.com4Ibid


19

survivorsthenreportedthatthesoldierstoldhischildrenthat"whenwegetyourfather,thisiswhatwewilldotohim".

58. The fact that the attacks were carried out following the ‘shoot-to-kill modusoperandi’withinashorttime-spanmightalsobeindicativeoftheexistenceofapolicy that deliberately gave the army the go-ahead to commit such crimes. Arecent report by Amnesty International indicated that several human rightsviolations occurred including extrajudicial executions, indiscriminate arrests,incommunicadodetention,andenforceddisappearancesofmembersoftheIMNat thehandsof theNigerianmilitary. The attacks followedawell-documentedpatternofserioushumanrightsabusesagainstcivilians,includingindiscriminateshootings against unarmed civilians with no warning; mass arrests; prolongeddetention without trial; cruel and inhuman treatments; torture of detainees;extrajudicialkillings;rapeandsexualharassment.Furthermore,thereappearstobe a pattern to the shootings especially of women around their reproductiveorgans that suggests a deliberate attempt at permanently damagingreproductivecapacityintheeventofsurvival.

59. There is also a deliberate governmental attempt at all levels to conceal thesecrimesand itsmagnitude.The chiefof army staff saidonly sevenpeoplewerekilled5.However,asconfirmedbyHRW,morethan300peoplemighthavebeenkilled and there are credible reports of mass graves. The Kaduna stategovernment had quickly demolished structures and property with looting andarson being used as weapons to remove evidence. Key witnesses have beentakenoutthroughkillings,incommunicadodetentionandforceddisappearances.

60. Thelocalandnationalauthoritiesarenotwillingtoconductgenuineproceedingsin relation to thosewhobear thegreatest responsibility for these crimes. IMNhasrepeatedlystatedits lackofconfidenceintheprobes intotheeventscitingthe prejudiced stance of authorities, irregularities in setting up of panels,partisanshipandbiasofpanelmembersandtheglaringunwillingnesstopunishthose who had previously violated the rights of IMN members. AmnestyInternational recently called for independent, impartial, transparent andeffective investigations, expressing its concern about the impartiality of somemembersoftheprobeteam6.

b) Subject-matterJurisdiction:theUnderlyingActs61. IHRChighlights that theacts committedby thearmyduring theattackson the

Hussainiyyah, Zakzaky’s house and Darur Rahma graveyard, fall under thecategoriesestablishedinarticle7(1),to:murder; imprisonmentorotherseveredeprivationof physical liberty; torture; rape, or any formof sexual violenceofcomparable gravity; other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionallycausinggreatsuffering,orseriousinjurytobodyortomentalorphysicalhealth.

5http://www.punchng.com/we-killed-seven-shiite-muslims-to-save-buratais-life-army/#.VrdxLv6jsbs6https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/3363/2016/en/


20

62. The crimes committed by the army during the clashes resulted in a reported

1,000 deaths, of which the majority were mainly due to injuries caused bygunshotsfiredbysoldiersduringtheraids. Incinerationsofcorpsesandinjuriesshowingburnswerealsoreported.Casesofpeoplebeingburntalivehavealsoemerged. Injuries caused by machetes or other knife wounds have also beenfound on the corpses, and could be the work of the criminal groups thatperpetratedactsoflootingandmutilation.

63. SignsoftortureandelectrocutionhavebeenevidencedonthebodyoftheIMNleader Sheikh Zakzaky and other detainees, two of whom died as a resultthereof7. In this regard, Ibrahim Musa, the IMN spokesman, confirmed in astatement that another 40 IMNmemberswere left in extremely poor physicalconditionaftersurvivingthegunshots.

64. Incidentsofsexualviolencehavebeenreported,includingcasesofrapeagainstwomen affiliates of the IMN. A 14-year old femalewitness told IHRC that themilitaryshother inherprivatepartswhensheresistedattemptsbysoldierstorapeher.Somehadtheirbreastscutoffandotherswereshotinthepelvicregiondamagingtheiruterus.Therewereseveralothercasesofsexualharassmentandviolence reported as testified to by the Sisters Forum of the IMN in a pressconferenceinKaduna.

65. Other inhumaneactshavebeen committed causing ‘great suffering,or seriousinjury to body or tomental or physical health’. In this regard, the supportingmaterial indicates that at least 200 persons suffered injuries as a result of theviolenceassociatedwith theDecember incidents.Over74wereattended toatthe Ahmadu Bello Teaching Hospital Zaria, out of which four died of theirgunshotwoundsinthecourseoftheirhospitalstay.OthersweretakentoprivatehospitalsinKadunaandKanooutofsafetyconcerns.

c) Jurisdictionrationetemporis66. Nigeria deposited its instrument of ratification to the Rome Statute on 27

September 2001. The ICC therefore has jurisdiction over Rome Statute crimescommitted on the territory of Nigeria or by its nationals from 1 July 2002onwards.

67. Uptoandincluding01June2013,theProsecutor’sOfficehasreceived65articlesand15 communications in relation to the situation inNigeria, outofwhich26weremanifestlyoutsidethejurisdictionoftheCourt;fivewerefoundtowarrantfurther analysis; and 28 communications were included in the preliminaryexamination.

7http://www.islamicmovement.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2338:press-statement-on-death-in-prison-kaduna&catid=41:frontpage


21

68. The ICC Prosecutor has determined that there is a reasonable basis to believethat crimes against humanity have been committed in Nigeria, specifically theacts ofmurder and persecution attributed to Boko Haram. Therefore, the ICCProsecutor has decided that the preliminary examination of the situation inNigeria should advance to phase 3 (admissibility) with a view to assessingwhetherthenationalauthoritiesareconductinggenuineproceedingsinrelationtothosewhoappeartobearthegreatestresponsibilityforsuchcrimes,andthegravityofsuchcrimes.

d)Jurisdictionrationeloci69. IHRC recalls that for a crime to fallwithin the jurisdiction of the court for the

purposeofarticle53(1)(a)of thestatute, itmustalsomeetat leastoneof thealternativeconditionsspecifiedinarticle12.Tosay,thecrimemusteitheroccuron the territory of a State Party to the Statute or a Statewhich has lodged adeclaration by virtue of article 12(3) of the Statute, or be committed by anationalofanysuchState.

70. Accordingly, the crimes were committed on Nigerian territory by the Nigerianarmy,andthemainaffectedareasincludetheKadunaarea.Forthisreason,IHRCbelieves that the crimes committed by the Nigerian army meet the legalrequirementsprovidedbythelaw.

e) Theadmissibilityparameters71. Incompliancewiththeprovisionssetoutinarticle17oftheStatute,foracrime

to be investigated by the Prosecutor, the two parameters of admissibility andgravityneedtobemet.

i) Admissibility72. At the present time, the available information shows some inadequacies or

reluctance on the part of the Nigerian authorities to generally address theviolence that occurred on 12-13 December 2015. The Judicial Commission ofInquirysetupbytheKadunastategovernorMalamNasirel-Rufaiisinsufficientlyindependentandimpartialtobeabletoholdthoseresponsibletoaccount,noristhereanyreasonableprospectofanyprosecutions. Inhisspeech,thegovernorlisteda rangeofgrievancesagainst the IMN,which is indicativeofbiasagainsttheIMNfromthestart.HefurtherproceededtodemolishIMNpropertiesbeforesettingup thecommissionof the inquiry.Both IMNandAmnesty InternationalhaveexpressedconcernsthattheJudicialCommissionofInquiryisnotsetuptosufficientlyperformacredibleinquiry8.

73. Hence,IHRChaslegitimatesuspicionsthattheNigerianstateisunwillingtocarryout a fair and impartial investigation and prosecutions. In fact, the Nigerian

8https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/3363/2016/en/


22

authorities have proved to be willing to shield the persons concerned fromcriminalresponsibilityforthecrimesalleged.Forthisreason,IHRCbelievesthatthelegalrequirementofadmissibilityestablishedinarticle17(1)(a)isapplicabletothecaseinsofarastheproceedingspresumablycouldnotbeconductedfairlyandwithimpartiality,orinamannerwhichisinconsistentwiththeintentionofbringingthepersonsconcernedtojustice.

74. Proofof this is the fact thatwhile theNigeriangovernmentstated its intent tobring to justice those responsible for the violence against the IMN in 2014, todatenorelevantlegalactionhasbeentaken.Noonehasbeenprosecutedandnopreliminaryinvestigationhasbeenopenedeither.Similarly,itisreasonabletoinfer that the inactivityandunwillingness to investigatetheevents in2014willalsoprevailovertheincidentsofDecember2015.

ii) GravityOfTheCrimes75. IHRC believes that the gravity of the crimes committed within the incidents

reportedissufficienttojustifyfurtheractionbythecourtasstatedinarticle17oftheRomeStatute.Theyareconsistentwiththequalitativefactorsrequiredinrelationtothescale,natureandmannerofcommissionandtheimpactofcrimescommittedontheNigeriancivilianpopulationduringtheattacks.

76. Theattackswereattendedbyillegitimateviolenceandahighdegreeofbrutality,insofar as the army opened fire on unarmed civilians; allowed criminals tocrudelycutoffbodyparts;proceededtotheexcavationofmassgraveswithoutpermission fromthe familiesof thevictimsandcarriedoutextrajudicial crimesanddetainedciviliansunlawfully.


23

6. CONCLUSIONS77. IHRC intends to express its growing concerns about the consequence of this

savage attack on the Nigerian civilian population. Through this attack, theNigerianpeople’spoliticalaspirationshavebeensilenced,aswellastheirrighttofreedomofexpression.

78. IHRCisdeeplyconcernedabouttheincidentsthatoccurredon12-13December2015andmaintainsthattherearereasonablegroundstobelievethatthecrimescommittedduringthatweekendfallwithinthejurisdictionoftheCourt.

79. Consideringall the informationandthesupportingmaterial, IHRCbelieves thatthe ‘reasonable basis to proceed’ standard ismet. In view of the above, IHRCtherefore calls on theProsecutor to consider the caseand initiate all the legalactionsrequiredpropriomotu,inaccordancewiththelaw.


24

Appendix A: Army personnel and politicians the ICCshouldinvestigate

1. LtGen.TukurBuratai

2. Col.SaniKukashekaUsman

3. GOC1DivNigerianArmy,Kaduna,MajorGeneralAdeniyiOyebade

4. CommanderNigerianDepot

5. ChiefofDefenceStaff

6. DirectorMilitaryIntelligence

7. ChiefofDefenceintelligence–AVMRikuMorgan

8. Col.AKIbrahim–Commander1DivGarrison,NigerianArmy,Kaduna

9. Lt.Col.FMBabayo(PromotedaftertheoperationtoCol–1DivKaduna)

10. CaptBen–AdjutantDepot,NigerianArmy

11. Maj.Gen.AdeniyiOyebade–GeneralOfficerCommanding,1DivGarrisonKaduna–HereceivedordersforthewholeoperationfromKadunaStateGovernorMalamAhmadElrufa’i

12. BrigGenCGMusa–CommanderDepot,NigArmy

13. Anunnamedofficer–WhowastheintelligenceofficerNigerianArmy

Prominentpoliticians

1. GovernorKadunaState–MalamNasirElRufai2. EmirofZaria–AlhShehuIdris3. PresidentGen.MuhammaduBuhari4. EmirofKano–MuhammaduSanusiII5. ProfessorUmarLabdo6. SamboYusufRigachukun7. BalaLau8. YahayaJingir9. KabirGombe


25

AppendixB:Listofthoseknowntohavebeenkilled*AgeprovidedwhereknownThislistisstillbeingupdated,anddoesnotreflectthetotalnumberofcasualtieson12/13December2015.NO NAMEINFULL HOME/ADDRESS AGE* LOCATION

1. MalamaJamilaJibrin Kwangila,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState

35 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

2. UmarAdamPZ TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


3. AbubakarMohammad(Nera)

HayinOjoSabongari,Zaria


4. FatimaM.Lawal Magume,Zaria 18 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

5. MuhammadUncle HayinOjoSabongari,Zaria

HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

6. MuhammadSaniAbubakar

Dakwa,Abuja 48 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

7. RilwanKurminKogi RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState


8. AmmarIsaGoza JushiZariaCityKadunaState


9. NusaibaYaqubZurmi MagumeZariya 22 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

10. AminuAli KudanL.G.A.KadunaState


11. SalihuSabonLayi KudanL.G.A.KadunaState


12. MuhammadIsaAdamu(shaheed)

Tandari,PotiskumYobeState

23 Gyallesu

13. SalihuMuhammadUganda

Uganda,PotiskumYobeState

40 Gyallesu

14. MuhammadSalihuSakafa Sakafa,PotiskumYobeState

23 Gyallesu

15. Al’aminAbbasShareef Dambuwa,PotiskumYobeState

31 Gyallesu

16. MuhammadIsaAdamu Tandari,PotiskumYobeState

23 Gyallesu

17. AlhajiMuhmmadSaniAbubakarRoba

Udawa,ChikumL.G.A,KadunaState

50 Gyallesu

18. SukainaJa’afar Gimi,IkaraL.G.A,KadunaState

20 Gyallesu

19. IliyasuMuhammadRabi’u TalatanMafara,ZamfaraStare

11 Gyallesu


26

20. AliyuMuhammadRabi’u TalatanMafara,ZamfaraStare

10 Gyallesu

21. MuhammadRaja’u DutsanWai,KubauL.G.A.KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

22. MuhammadWaziriIsa Area‘F’ABUStaffQrs,SamaruZaria

23 Gyallesu

23. HassanWaziriIsa Area‘F’ABUStaffQrs,SamaruZaria

18 Gyallesu

24. HussainiWaziriIsa Area‘F’ABUStaffQrs,SamaruZaria

18 Gyallesu

25. FatimaWaziriIsa Area‘F’ABUStaffQrs,SamaruZaria

21 Gyallesu

26. BukhariBelloJega UniversityofAbuja 34 Gyallesu

27. AishaAbubakarZaki Gwagwalada,Abuja 22 Gyallesu

28. NusaibaAbubakarZaki Gwagwalada,Abuja 20 Gyallesu

29. FatimaAbubakarZaki Gwagwalada,Abuja 18 Gyallesu

30. BatulaBuhariBelloJega Gwagwalada,Abuja 1.5 Gyallesu

31. YakubuHusaini FaskarWambaiT/wadaL.G.A.KanoState

22 Gyallesu

32. HasanShehu DandumeL.G.A.KatsinaState

16 Gyallesu

33. IbrahimAminuAkilu KodeKanoState 28 Gyallesu

34. MahdiAwwalGangare JosNorthPlateau 19 Gyallesu

35. IbrahimAlhasan Ang.BawaSaminakaL.G.A.KadunaState

27 Gyallesu

36. MuhammadDahaMahrazu

KofarKibau,ZariaCity 24 Gyallesu

37. AlhasanIshakMusa Gyallesu,Zaria 2.5 Gyallesu

38. SuleimanAhmad(Haris) Dogarawa,Zariya 34 Gyallesu

39. UsmanAbdullahiKankia HayinOjoSabongari,Zaria

50 Gyallesu

40. AliyuM.Lawan Muchiya,Sabongari,Zaria

30 Gyallesu

41. AbdulkarimM.LawalDambam

Gyallesu,Zaria 50 Gyallesu

42. NuhuYunusa(Digging) Gyallesu,Zaria 40 Gyallesu


27

43. SayyidHammadIbraheemZakzaky


44. SayyidAliIbraheemZakzaky


45. SayyidHummaidIbraheemZakzaky


46. HajiyaFatimaYaqoub(GogoBinta)


47. HamzaAbubakar IngaskiYawuri,KebbiState

40 Gyallesu

48. NaziruUsman SabuwarAng.Mafara,Zamfara

24 Gyallesu

49. FatimaAminuMaihoto Ang.AlkaliZariaCity 18 Gyallesu

50. MusaAbubakar(Al-Rahus) Kurna,Kano 33 Gyallesu

51. RukayyaNuhu Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

15 Gyallesu

52. AbubakarSaleh Barwa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

53. Ja’afaruRabi’u Barwa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

20 Gyallesu

54. MukhtarSabi’u LambarZango,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

55. AhmadMohammad Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

22 Gyallesu

56. ZuwairaMohammad Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

30 Gyallesu

57. NuraAlhDauda Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

23 Gyallesu

58. IbrahimDauda Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

59. Rabi’uMuhammadSani Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

35 Gyallesu

60. GamboYusuf Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

61. MunkailaYusuf Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

62. AdamuAlhassan Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

50 Gyallesu

63. AbubakarJibrin Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

23 Gyallesu

64. AdamuAliyu Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

65. DalhaDriver LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

40 Gyallesu


28

66. AliHaruna LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

18 Gyallesu

67. Mu’azuRilwan RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

68. AbdullahiAbbas RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

69. AbdurrazaqAbdulllahiAbbas

RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

70. AbbasAbdullahiAbbas RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

71. MuhammadAbdullahiAbbas

RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

72. AhmadAbdulllahiAbbas RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

73. IbrahimAbdullahiAbbas RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

74. JawwadAbdullahiAbbas RiminDanza,ZariyaCity,KadunaState

Gyallesu

75. MusaTaikon KusfaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

76. NusaibaAbubakarAbdullahiSokoto

Ang.AlkaliZariaCityKadunaState

18 Gyallesu

77. FatimaAhmadGashua TudunJikun,Zariya 22 Gyallesu

78. MudasirBala KudanL.G.A.KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

79. ZaharadeenAbdullahi FuntuwaL.G.AKatsinaState

20 Gyallesu

80. IbrahimUsman TudunWada,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

50 Gyallesu

81. MuhammadInuwaJalabi Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

35 Gyallesu

82. HusainiMuhammadAminu

Ang.Rimi,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

83. AliyuMuhammad HayinNa’iya,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

84. AbdulazizHaruna KabalaCustain,KadunaSouth,KadunaState

46 Gyallesu

85. MuhammadAminuSani Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

86. MusaSalisu(Coach) Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

50 Gyallesu

87. IbrahimYusuf Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

88. MuhammadRabi’u Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

31 Gyallesu


29

89. JamiluYahaya Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

90. NuraUmar Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

91. BashirShahidAdam Kawo,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

92. IbrahimAhmad Badikko,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

40 Gyallesu

93. MuhammadAuwal(Mabo)

Badikko,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

42 Gyallesu

94. SaiduSalihu Ang.KinkinauKaduna 32 Gyallesu

95. AbuJihadIsa(Afganistan) Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

18 Gyallesu

96. HajiyaHabibaAbdullahi KurminMashi,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

50 Gyallesu

97. MuhammadAuwalYawale Suleja,NigerState 32 Gyallesu

98. IdrisIbarhim Suleja,NigerState 28 Gyallesu

99. MuhammadMudassirBala

Suleja,NigerState 23 Gyallesu

100. MuhammadMubarakBala Suleja,NigerState 21 Gyallesu

101. JunaiduUmarNahabu Suleja,NigerState 25 Gyallesu

102. AbdulrazakIbrahim Suleja,NigerState 21 Gyallesu

103. MuhammadAdamu LambataSuleja,NigerState

25 Gyallesu

104. AbdulgaffarMuhammad MadallaSuleja,NigerState

22 Gyallesu

105. HassanShehu Dandume,KatsinaState 16 Gyallesu

106. RukayyaNuhu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

107. YahayaMuhammad SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 45 Gyallesu

108. HamisuUsman SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 45 Gyallesu

109. RabiluSuleiman SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 40 Gyallesu

110. MustaphaSani SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 20 Gyallesu

111. TukurAbdullahi SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 35 Gyallesu


30

112. SakinaJa’afar SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 15 Gyallesu

113. AuwalMuhammadAuwal DarazoL.G.A.BauchiState

Gyallesu

114. AlhajiHabibMuhammad Kurna,KanoState 45 Gyallesu

115. MuhammadMurtada Na’ibawa,KanoState 19 Gyallesu

116. HafizuDauda Kurna,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

117. FatimaAliyu MinjibirTown,Kano 20 Gyallesu

118. AbdullahiIliyasu Na’ibawaHausawa,KanoState

40 Gyallesu

119. MuazuMuhammad Na’ibawaTukuntawa,KanoState

40 Gyallesu

120. MusaIbrahim SharadaSabonTiti,KanoState

35 Gyallesu

121. AlhassanAdamu TudunWada,KanoState 38 Gyallesu

122. HisbullahiIsa TudunWada,KanoState 18 Gyallesu

123. AminuAbdulmutalib TudunWada,KanoState 25 Gyallesu

124. NuhuHabibu TudunWada,KanoState 23 Gyallesu

125. NasiruGarba TudunWada,KanoState 30 Gyallesu

126. UmarAbdullahi TudunWada,KanoState 37 Gyallesu

127. BilyaRabi’u TudunWada,KanoState 42 Gyallesu

128. Muhammad(Abba)Bashir TudunWadaKwanaHudu,KanoState

20 Gyallesu

129. HujjatullahBashirTaura TudunWadaKwanaHudu,KanoState

18 Gyallesu

130. ZailaniAli TudunWada,KanoState 22 Gyallesu

131. SammaniMisbahu SabonTiti,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

132. AlhajiAminuYusuf KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

34 Gyallesu

133. KabiruAhmad KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

45 Gyallesu

134. YushauSulaimanArt DauraL.G.A.KatsinaState

22 Gyallesu


31

135. UmarIshaTela DauraL.G.A.KatsinaState

22 Gyallesu

136. SalihuAwwalYusuf DauraL.G.A.KatsinaState

21 Gyallesu

137. Nafi’uMusa DauraL.G.A.KatsinaState

43 Gyallesu

138. IshaSulaimanGidanMarhaba

TabonSaniTown,BurukuChikumL.G.A.KadunaState

55 Gyallesu

139. KaribullahMustapah ZangonAyaTown,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

18 Gyallesu

140. MuntakaSabi’u ZangonAyaTown,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

20 Gyallesu

141. MusaIbrahim Kusfa,ZariaKadunaState 33 Gyallesu

142. MuhammadIbrahimMaradi(NigerRepublic)

Katsina Gyallesu

143. AlhajiIbraheemAhmad(AlheriBlocks)Dutsinma

Katsina Gyallesu

144. Raja’uHusainiEscortDutsanwai

KubauL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

145. YakubuOkene Zaria Gyallesu

146. AhmadYakubuOkene

Zaria Gyallesu

147. FatimaYakubuOkene

Zaria Gyallesu

148. KhadijaYakubuOkene

Zaria Gyallesu

149. ZakariyyaMuhammadMarabarJos

MarabarJos,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

35 Gyallesu

150. WasilaA.Musa MarabarJos,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

30 Gyallesu

151. IbrahimAbubakarSabati MarabarJos,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

152. SalisuMuhammad(NaSayyida)

TudunWadaKadunaNorth,KadunaState

35 Gyallesu

153. MujahidAbdulkadirAdamu

BauchiState Gyallesu

154. BasiruRahama Gyallesu,Zariya 38 Gyallesu

155. UsmanYawuri Gyallesu,Zaria 40 Gyallesu

156. SaniIbrahim TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

30 Dogarawa

157. MukhtarIbrahim TudunWadaBargi,Kano 24 Dogarawa


32

State158. Ishaqbrahim TudunWadaBargi,Kano

State35 Dogarawa

159. ShehuIbrahim TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

23 Dogarawa

160. AbdullahiIbrahim TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

22 Dogarawa

161. AbdullahiMusa TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

40 Dogarawa

162. IliyaJaafar TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

21 Dogarawa

163. MubarakYahaya TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

16 Dogarawa

164. MuhammadBelloAbdullahi

TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

38 Dogarawa

165. TukurShehu TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

35 Dogarawa

166. UsmanShafi’u TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

24 Dogarawa

167. AbdulkarimUmar TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

23 Dogarawa

168. HassanTukur TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

20 Dogarawa

169. AbdulkadirAyuba TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

35 Dogarawa

170. SaniShehu TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

48 Dogarawa

171. MusaHassan TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

27 Dogarawa

172. NasiruMuhammad TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

22 Dogarawa

173. SurajKhalid TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

40 Dogarawa

174. AbubakarUsman TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

39 Dogarawa

175. AyubaBawa TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

23 Dogarawa

176. KabiruAbubakar TudunWadaBargi,KanoState

22 Dogarawa

177. IsmailAbdullahi TudunWadaKwana,KanoState

35 Dogarawa

178. AuwaluShuaibu TudunWadaKwana,KanoState

35 Dogarawa

179. BashirMusa TudunWadaKwana,KanoState

20 Dogarawa

180. SurajoShuaibu TudunWadaKwana, 32 Dogarawa


33

KanoState181. MusaNasiru TudunWadaKwana,

KanoState25 Dogarawa

182. YakubuHussaini TudunWadaFaska,KanoState

18 Dogarawa

183. IsaShehu TudunWadaYarganji,KanoState

32 Dogarawa

184. Rabi’uMurtala TudunWada,KanoState 35 Dogarawa185. AlhassanAdo TudunWada,KanoState 48 Dogarawa

186. IbrahimUsman TudunWada,KanoState 24 Dogarawa

187. UkashaMuhammadKandahar

BauchiState 20 DarurRahama

188. ZahraddeenIdrisDauda BauchiState 27 DarurRahama

189. AminuAbubakarMaiBulawus

BauchiState 23 DarurRahama

190. JamiluSalisu Ang.Noma,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

28 DarurRahama

191. HarunaSalisu Ang.Noma,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

25 DarurRahama

192. UkashaIdrisIbrahim DoyaBauchiState DarurRahama

193. AminuAbubakar JahunBauchiState DarurRahama

194. AbubakarIiliyasu RijiyaBauchiState DarurRahama

195. MuhammadBaffajoSoba BauchiState DarurRahama

196. MuhammadAbubakarSalihu

BauchiState DarurRahama

197. MuhammadMusa BauchiState DarurRahama

198. IshaqAdamu BauchiState DarurRahama

199. NaziruTijaniUmar BauchiState DarurRahama

200. NuraHaruna BauchiState DarurRahama

201. ZaharaddiniIdrisDauda BauchiState DarurRahama

202. ZaharaddiniMusa BauchiState DarurRahama

203. AbdulkarimM.Lawal BauchiState DauruRahama


34

204. MaimunaMasud Kakuri,KadunaSouth,KadunaState

62 Kaduna

205. YusufBadamasi Kakuri,KadunaSouth,KadunaState

42 Kaduna

206. HussainiSaidu(Markaz) Ang.Mu’azu,KadunaSouth,KadunaState

35 Kaduna

207. IsmailSuleiman Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

45 Kaduna

208. AliyuIbrahimTarotaro Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

19 Kaduna

209. YakubuDahiru Ang.Mu’azuKaduna 40 Kaduna

210. MuazuDahiru(Baballe) Ang.M’azuKaduna 30 Kaduna

211. MikailSuleiman(Muhd Ang.Mu’azuKaduna 35 Kaduna

212. IshaqAbdullahi Ang.Mu’azuKaduna 43 Kaduna

213. AliyuZainulAbideen Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

18 Kaduna

214. NuhuRahama Gyallesu,Zaria 42 KadunaPrison

215. AbbasIshaq Kawo,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

40 KadunaPrison

216. IdrisMando Kawo,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

40 KadunaPrison

(Corpses were seen before they were set ablaze or taken away by the military)NOTE:Manymoreweresubsequentlykilled


35

AppendixC:ListofthoseindetentionTotal219peopleindetention.

The information is presented in the following order: Name – place of residence(whereknown).

1. NasirUmar,Tsafe–ZamfaraState2. AliyuAdamuTsoho–JosNorth,PlateauState3. AwwalAlhasan–K/Mashi,Kaduna4. KabiruMuhammadShittu–Daura,KatsinaState5. IbrahimAbdullahi–SabonGari,Zariya6. AliyuMuhammadSani–BakinRuwa,Kaduna7. MuhammadAwwal–ImamRoad,Zariya8. IbrahimYunusa–DirimiZariya9. AliyuIbrahim–TudunJukun,Zariya10. MuhammadIbrahim–Malumfashi,KatsinaState11. MustafaAbubakar–TudunNufawa,Kaduna12. ZaharaddinAbdul’aziz–Dogarawa,Zariya13. AbdulgaffarMuhammad–Madalla,Suleja14. UmarMuhammad–Rigasa,Kaduna15. MuhammadBelloIshaq–Rigasa,Kaduna16. UsmanZubair,Ikara–KadunaState17. AbdulmajidShu’aibu–SabonGari,Zariya18. AbdurrashidSa’idu–SabonGariZariya19. MubarakNasiru–MarabarJos,Kaduna20. IsaIbrahim–M/Village,Kaduna21. MusaTahir–Malali,Kaduna22. NaziruIbrahim–S/Kunci,Shuwaki,Kano23. AminuUmar–Dakaci,Zariya24. SarkiIbrahim–Dorayi,Kano25. IshaqMuhammad–Dakaci,Zariya26. YahuzaYaqub–Farakwai,Kaduna27. MustafaIbrahim–Giwa,KadunaState28. MahadiMikaila–Ganye/Saminaka,KadunaState29. IbrahimSulaiman(Barau)–JushinCiki,Zariya30. SalisuLawan–T/Jukun,Zariya31. SafiyanuAbdussalam–DogarawaZariya32. AbubakarAhmad–Buruku,Kaduna33. JamiluAY–Udawa,Kaduna34. MusaRabilu–Kokami,Danja,KatsinaState35. ShamsuddinBashir–ZariyaCity,KadunaState36. GamboYusuf–Ricifa,Soba,Zariya37. MusaAbubakar–TudunJukun,Zariya38. YahayaAbdullahi–U/Mu’azuKaduna


36

39. SulaimanBinFalalu–Masanawa,Katsina40. LawalHusain–SabonGari,Zariya41. AbdulkarimUmar–T/WadaKaduna42. YusufYahaya–ZariyaCity,Zariya43. AlhajiGarbaSulaimanTaba–Tohu,Zariya44. AminuYunusa,Wanka–Soba,KadunaState45. ZubairuShehu–Wucicciri,Zariya46. Shu’aibuHaruna–MalamMadori,JigawaState47. AnasSulaiman–JushinCiki,Zariya48. HamisuUsman–TashanJirgi,Soba49. YahayaAbubakar–ZariyaCity,Zariya50. SulaimanAhmad–SabonGariZariya51. Shu’aibuYusuf–JushiZariya52. GarbaJibrin–Bici,Kano53. BalaIsa,Kurmi–Kafur,KatsinaState54. BasiruMuhammad–SabonLayi,Katsina55. MuhammadAdamu–HanwaZariya56. AbdulhadiJunaidu–Zariya57. AbubakarUsman–Tsiga,Katsina58. AdamMika’iluAwwal–Zariya59. MuhammadKabir–Zariya60. NuraHashim–Zariya61. MuhammadAminu–TudunJukunZariya62. UsmanMuhammad–Jushi,Zariya63. Rabi’uMahmud–S/Gari,Zariya64. MuhammadBelloAlbashir–Badarawa,Kaduna65. AliyuMuhammadAlbashir–Badarawa,Kaduna66. AwwalYusuf–TasharYari,Makarfi67. MuhammadBello–JushiZariya68. AbbasNasir–Funtuwa69. SaifullahiMuhammad–Chikaji,Zariya70. IbrahimAbdullahi–Zariya71. SulaimanHaruna–Kware,Sokoto72. IbrahimAbdullahi–Dabai,Katsina73. MustafaLawalDoro–Bindawa,Katsina74. MuhammadAwwalYakubu–S/gari,Zariya75. AbdurrazakSulaiman–Zariya76. MusaHaruna,Gwadarawa–Sokoto77. SulaimanAbdullahi–S/gariZariya78. Sa’adAbdullahi–Karshi,Abuja79. Ja’afarYaqub–Gombe80. MusaAhmad–Jama’are,Bauci81. IdrisIbrahim–Badikko,Kaduna82. SaifullahiMusaChairman–T/Jukun,Zariya83. SalisuIdris–KurnarAsabeKano84. MusaSalihu–T/WadaKaduna85. IliyasuUmar–S/gari,Zariya


37

86. MuhammadYusuf–Zariya87. IbrahimHusaini–Rigasa,Kaduna88. IsaMurtala–Soba89. SadiqYusuf–K/warikudan90. IsahSa’idu–Potiskum91. MujahidAwwal–S/gari,Zariya92. MuhammadSaniSa’idu–KwangilaZariya93. YusufAdam–Jos94. JawwadShahidAli–Sokoto95. AhmadSaniShehu–S/gariZariya96. IshaqLawal–RumaMakarfi97. MisbahuFalalu–Lere98. MuhammadAwwalAbba–Abuja99. AbubakarAli–S/gariZariya100. DahiruIsma’il–Zariya101. MuhammadHaruna–Bauci102. MuhammadMusa–Kaduna103. MukhtarMusa–S/gariZariya104. HausainiMusa–Funtuwa105. YunusaIshaq–Zariya106. YakubuAbdullahiIshaq–Dogarawa,Zariya107. ZakariyyaYahuza–K/Jatau,Zariya108. AwwalYusuf–Mairuwa109. MuhammadAhmad–AlkaleriBauci110. MustafaAdam–Zariya111. UmarIbrahimBebeji–Bebeji112. Sa’iduAliyu–Lokoja113. AbubakarUsaini–Kaduna114. UsainiMuhammad–Kaduna115. KamaluddinSulaiman–Kudan116. Abdul’azizIdris–BakoriKatsina117. MurtalaIbrahim–T/Iya,Funtuwa118. BilyaMuhammad–T/Iya,Funtuwa119. MuhammadYusha’uMuhammad–H.Dogo,Zariya120. IbrahimSulaiman–Dagaci,Zariya121. AminuIbrahim–S/gariZariya122. IliyaMuhammad–S/gariZariya123. MansurYusuf–Gumel124. MuhammadAbdullahi–Zariya125. AbdullahiAH–Zariya126. IbrahimShu’aibu–Zariya127. AbdullahiMa’aruf–Funtuwa128. AbdulkadirIdris–Tsamiya129. UmarMusa–Zariya130. MuhammadKabirMansur–S/gariZariya131. UmarAbdullahi–Zariya132. MuhammadIbrahim–Kaduna


38

133. AbdullahiAbubakar–Zariya134. MuhammadSani–CaranciKatsina135. ShehuAbdullahi–Dukkuma136. SalihuMusa–Danja,Katsina137. AdamuSulaiman–Dakaci,Zariya138. BashirAli,Tohu–Zariya139. MustafaYahaya–Funtuwa140. MustafaAbubakar–Zariya141. SaniGaladima–Soba142. AbubakarSa’idu–Fulatan,Barbaji143. UzairuYusha’u–Zariya144. NuhuAhmad–AnguwarMaiAllura145. AbdulkadirIbrahim–A/Bishar,Zariya146. SafiyanuMu’azu–AnguwarKaya,Zariya147. AliyuYusuf–S/gari,Zariya148. Tasi’uSalisu–Zariya149. MuhammadSaniBala–Zariya150. SalihuAbdullahi–Kudan151. YakubuAlhasan–Makarfi152. Sabi’uLawal–Makarfi153. AwwalAbubakar–YalwaYawuri154. MusaIshaq–S/gari,Zariya155. ShehuHaruna–Wucicciri,Zariya156. MuhammadSani–SarkinMalamaiKaduna157. IbrahimYusuf–ZariyaCity158. IbrahimDanbaba–ZariyaCity159. IbrahimIliyasu–ZariyaCity160. YusufSani–Kano161. ShituMuhammad–RahamaZariya162. AbubakarAhmad–GadanGayan163. MansurMuhammad–Suleja164. ShehuDalhatu–Jega165. IbrahimMuhammad–Yakasai166. JibrinAbdurra’uf–Makoyi,Kudan167. MuhammadIsma’il–Potiskum168. SadiqAbdullahi–Bauci169. UsainiSani–S/gari,Zariya170. MahmudSalihu–Bauci171. Sabi’uRabi’u–Makarfi172. IshaqUmarHasan–Jaji173. NuraNuhu,Wanka–Soba174. SalihuDahiru–Kaduna175. IbrahimAbdulhamid–Taba,Soba176. YusufMuhammad,–RigasaKaduna177. AbbasIsyaku–KawoKaduna178. MuhammadMusa–BabbanDodoZariya179. AbubakarMusa–T/JukunZariya


39

180. YusufAhmad–Gashua/Gaidam181. UmarIdris–Dakaci,Zariya182. SadiqMuhammad–PapeAbuja183. MustafaMuhammadAwwal–DanMagajiZariya184. AbdulqadirMuhammad–Damari,B/Gwari185. AdamAbdullahi–S/gari,Zariya186. IbrahimAyuba–DakwaAbuja187. HamzaIsa–S/gari,Zariya188. AhmadAliyu,GangarenKwadi–T/Wada,Zariya189. YusufMuhammad190. AbbasIsyaku(diedrecently)191. MuhammadMusa(Mahadi)192. AbubakarMusa193. SalisuShehu194. YusufAhmad195. UmarIdris196. SadiqMuhammad197. brahimAyuba198. HamzaIshaq199. AbubakarUsmanTsiga–Katsina200. SaifullahiMuhammadRijiyar–LemuKano201. AdamuMika’iluAwwal–Zariacity202. SulaimanHarunaKware–Sokoto203. MuhammadHaruna–Sabonkaura,Bauchi204. SadikYusuf–Kudan,Kaduna205. IsaMurtala–S/gari,Kaduna206. UmarIbrahimBebejiRigasa–Kaduna207. Sa’iduAliRigasa–Kaduna208. MahmudaMuhammadAlkaleriBauchi209. AwwalYusufFaskari–Katsina210. MuhammadAwwal–T/wadaZaria211. AliIbrahim–T/wadaZaria212. MustafaIbrahimSamaru–Zaria213. ShamsuddinShu’aibu214. GamboYusufRichifa–Kaduna215. YahyaAbubakar–Zariacity216. MuhammadIsma’il–Potiskum,Yobe217. YusufAhmadGaidam–Yobe218. MahmudSalihuBauchi219. SadikAbdullahiBauchi


40

AppendixD:Listofmissingpeople*AgeprovidedwhereknownThis list isstillbeingupdated,anddoesnotreflect thetotalnumberofmissing individualsfromtheattacksof12/13December2015.NO NAMEINFULL HOME/ADDRESS AGE* LOCATION1. AbdullahiShuaibu TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.

A,KadunaState Husainiyya

Baqiyyatullah2. BelloUmar

MaimaganiTudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


3. ZakariyaDanMarka TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


4. MuazuHamzaAlarama

TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


5. UsmanMusa TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


6. BasiruSani TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


7. AbubakarkasimDanlami(Alfa)

KwarinDangoma,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


8. AnasDahiruUsman TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


9. HassanDahiruUsman TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


10. ZaharaddeenIbrahim TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState


11. MuntakaAdamu TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState


12. SulaimanMaiNika TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState


13. UzairuYushau TudunJikim,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState


14. IbrahimBara’aChemist

TudunJikim,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState


15. YakubuMusa TudunJikim,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState


16. MuhammadNasirAdam

HayinDogoSamaruZaria 17 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

17. MuhammadTahaAbubakar


18. MahdiIdrisUmar HayinDogoSamaruZaria 18 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

19. AbubakarAbdullahi HayinDogoSamaruZaria 18 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah


41

20. ShehuYahaya HayinDogoSamaruZaria 35 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

21. UmarDauda HayinDogoSamaruZaria 19 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

22. ZaharadeenIsa HayinDogoSamaruZaria 25 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

23. SirajoIbrahim HayinDogoSamaruZaria 35 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

24. MohammadMujahidAbdullahi


25. Yusha’uNuhu HayinDogoSamaruZaria 18 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

26. MuhammadAbubakarAudi


27. MujahidAuwal HayinDogoSamaruZaria 25 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

28. UmarAbdulllahi HayinDogoSamaruZaria 25 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

29. MohammadAbubakar HayinDogoSamaruZaria 30 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

30. MohammadKabirMansir


31. AbbaIliyasu HayinDogoSamaruZaria 17 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

32. UsmanMukhtar HayinDogoSamaruZaria 18 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

33. MustaphaIbrahim Fanhauya,Zariya 35 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

34. IbrahimSuleiman Fanhauya,Zariya 20 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

35. MubarakBala Fanhauya,Zariya 23 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

36. HamzaIsa LayinZomo,Zaria 20 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

37. BadamasiAbdulhamid DanMagaji,Zaria 20 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

38. IbrahimAli(Maiwashi)



39. HuduMuhammad(Gambo)



40. SagirMuhammadAuwal



41. JibrinAbdulaziz Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


42. UmarAlhassan Zabi,Sabongari,Zaria 21 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah


42

43. Rabi’uMahmud Zabi,Sabongari,Zaria 40 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

44. IsaSaiduMuhammad HayinOjoSabongari,Zaria


45. MadiAlhajiRabi’u HayinOjoSabongari,Zaria


46. ZaharadeenAbdulaziz Dogarawa,Zaria 18 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

47. MusaSokotoMakina Muchiya,Sabongari,Zaria


48. UmarIbrahim Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


49. MahdiAlhajiGarba Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


50. GamboMuhammad Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


51. NasiruAyuba DogonBauchiSabongari,Zaria


52. TanimuSuleiman Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


53. AliYusuf HayinOjo,Sabongari,Zaria


54. AbubakarMusa Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


55. HashimuAbdullahiTohu

TohuKabama,Zaria 45 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

56. AdamuYakubu TohuKabama,Zaria 20 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

57. BashirAliyu TohuKabama,Zaria 30 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

58. SuleimanAbdullahi HayinOjo,Sabongari,Zaria


59. IshakaAbdulkadir MarrabanGwanda,Zaria 25 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

60. AbdulmutalibYusuf Yantukwane,Sabongari,Zaria


61. BashirSaidu HayinOjo,Sabongari,Zaria


62. RashiduSaidu HayinOjo,Sabongari,Zaria


63. Shema’uMuhammad HayinOjo,Sabongari,Zaria


64. AbdullahiAbubakarGado

FadamaBabbanDodo,Zaria


65. AliMuazu Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria



43

66. MuhammadMuazu Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


67. AuwalNasibi MuchiyaBakinDogoSabongari,Zaria


68. ShehuMairuwa Ang.JabaSabongari,Zaria


69. IbrahimMuhammadTukur

ChikajiSabongari,Zaria 50 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

70. MubarakYakubu Magume,Zaria 20 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

71. AliUmar Magume,Zaria 16 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

72. MukhtarSahabi(Dankwarai)

Gyallesu,Zaria 47 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

73. IliyasuFudiya HayinOjoSabongari,Zaria


74. UsmanDawa ChikajiSabongari,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

75. MaikudiGaladima MuchiyaYanAwakiSabongari,Zaria


76. IsaSuleiman TabonSani,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

77. Rabi’uDantarau TabonSani,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

78. HuduMuhammad MuchiyaYanAwakiSabongari,Zaria


79. BiliyaNakowa Sabongari,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

80. AuwalYusuf Sabongari,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

81. SuleimanMaiblo Sabongari,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

82. Rabi’uAbdulrahman Sabongari,Zaria HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

83. SaminuYusuf Kwangila HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

84. Maikudi Kwangila HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

85. YahayaYaqub KwanarFarakwai HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

86. BashariIsa KwanarFarakwai HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

87. JawwadNuradeenUsman

DanjaL.G.A.KadunaState


88. AlkasimGarba IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState



44

89. DaudaHassan Rim/Iyatawa,GiwaL.G.A.KadunaState


90. Abdulrzak Rim/Iyatawa,GiwaL.G.A.KadunaState


91. Abdulkadir Damari,SabuwaL.G.A.KatsinaState


92. AdamuAli Damari,SabuwaL.G.A.KatsinaState


93. AbubakarAhmad Damari,SabuwaL.G.A.KatsinaState


94. AliUmar Jaji,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState


95. IshaqUmar Jaji,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState


96. SalisuUmar Jaji,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState


97. HamisuMohammad Jaji,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState


98. Saminu Jaji,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState


99. BasiruSalisu Jaji,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState


100. Mal.TijjaniShitu TasharIce,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState


101. SalihuMukhtar ZariaCityKadunaState 40 HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

102. YusufYahayaHaris JushiZariaCityKadunaState


103. AliyuGamboYakana RiminKambariZariaCityKadunaState


104. AbdullahiIbrahim KusfaZariaCityKadunaState


105. AbubakarIsmail KusfaZariaCityKadunaState


106. AbdulhadiJunaidu AlbarkawaZariaCityKadunaState


107. SaniSufi Ang.ImamZariaCityKadunaState


108. IbrahimI.Yusuf KusfaZariaCityKadunaState


109. IsaSufi Ang.SirdiZariaCityKadunaState


110. SalmanuAbdullahi BakinKasuwa,ZariaCityKadunaState


111. AbdullahiAkto KusfaZariaCityKadunaState



45

112. UsmanMuhammad JushiZariaCityKadunaState


113. YakubuAbdullahi JushiZariaCityKadunaState


114. AbdulkadirIbrahim Ang.BashirZariaCityKadunaState


115. SuleimanPZ JushiZariaCityKadunaState


116. IshaqLawal Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

117. ShehuRabiu Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

118. Suleiman Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

119. IbrahimIdris Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

120. JamiluAbubakar Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

121. SabituA.Saeed Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

122. HarunaM.Salisu Rumi HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

123. AbdulrashidMaiturba NasarawanDoya HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

124. SabiuShitu DanjaL.G.A.KatsinaState


125. SalihuMusa Dabai/DanjaL.G.A.KatsinaState


126. IbrahimAbdullahi Dabai/DanjaL.G.A.KatsinaState


127. UmarAhmad Dabai/DanjaL.G.A.KatsinaState


128. Rabi’uAhmad Dabai/DanjaL.G.A.KatsinaState


129. AbubakarBarwa Dabai/DanjaL.G.A.KatsinaState


130. AlhajiAbubakarSule Taba HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

131. IbrahimAbdulhamid Taba HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

132. HashimuGamboTanimu

Toho HusainiyyaBaqiyyatullah

133. AminuUmar JalingoTarabaState 19 Gyallesu

134. BaqirMusaIliyasu JalingoTarabaState 16 Gyallesu


46

135. MuhammadAbubakar JalingoTarabaState 22 Gyallesu

136. SheikhMuhammadMahmudTuri

KofarWaika,Kano 54 Gyallesu

137. AminuAbdullahi

Kurna,KanoState 56 Gyallesu

138. AyyubaIbrahim Kurna,KanoState 55 Gyallesu

139. HafizuDaura Kurna,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

140. UmarFarukAbdullahi(Prof)

KurnaMilTara,KanoStare

43 Gyallesu

141. YusufSani(Abba) Ang.UkuKanoState 24 Gyallesu

142. AlhajiAliAbdulhamid Kurna,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

143. AlhajiUbaAbdulhamid

Kurna,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

144. ZaharadeenUsman Kurna,KanoState 30 Gyallesu

145. HarunaIshaka Kurna,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

146. AminuYusuf KurnaBachirawa,KanoState

40 Gyallesu

147. AbdurrazakAbdullahi NaibawaYanlemo,KanoState

39 Gyallesu

148. BabaWuro NaibawaYanlemo,KanoState

39 Gyallesu

149. IbrahimUlama’u Na’ibawaTukuntawa,KanoState

40 Gyallesu

150. MustaphaAbubakar Na’ibawa,KanoState 25 Gyallesu

151. BashirMuhammad Na’ibawa,KanoState 25 Gyallesu

152. MusaZaria Na’ibawa,KanoState 35 Gyallesu

153. BashirSaleh Na’ibawa,KanoState 36 Gyallesu

154. MustaphaGarba Na’ibawa,KanoState 25 Gyallesu

155. AlhassanSuleiman TudunWada,KanoState 37 Gyallesu

156. AbdurrahmanIsmail TudunWada,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

157. YusufGarba SabonTiti,KanoState 47 Gyallesu


47

158. IbrahimSarki SabonTiti,KanoState 40 Gyallesu

159. YahayaGarbaSarki SabonTiti,KanoState 23 Gyallesu

160. AbdulmalikSafiyanu SabonTiti,KanoState 22 Gyallesu

161. AbubakarIshaq SabonTiti,KanoState 55 Gyallesu

162. MansurAdam SabonTiti,KanoState 30 Gyallesu

163. AlhajiShafi’uAlhassan KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

45 Gyallesu

164. LawanUmar KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

35 Gyallesu

165. AliyuLawanUmar KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

16 Gyallesu

166. BakirAdam KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

17 Gyallesu

167. MurtalaTambari KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

40 Gyallesu

168. NusaibaShafi’uAlhassan

KazaureL.G.A.JigawaState

22 Gyallesu

169. AliyuLawan DanbattaTown,Kano Gyallesu

170. AbubakarIdris TsangayaTown,Kano 29 Gyallesu

171. AbubakarAbdullahi RanoTown,Kano 45 Gyallesu

172. MalamZakariya GargaiTown,Kano 40 Gyallesu

173. MuhammadDahiru DanHassan,Kano 42 Gyallesu

174. AliyuM.Sani TafawaTown,Kano 27 Gyallesu

175. SaniAbdullahi WangaraTown,Kano 46 Gyallesu

176. TajuddeenMuhammadIsah

NasarawaTownTsanyawa

30 Gyallesu

177. Sabi’uMuhammad NasarawaTownTsanyawa

28 Gyallesu

178. HarunaIsah TafawaTown,Kano Gyallesu

179. AbdulkadirMuhammad

KarayeTown,Kano 44 Gyallesu

180. NaziruIbrahim Shuwaki,Kunchi 25 Gyallesu


48

181. YusufUsman KarayeTown,Kano 41 Gyallesu

182. ZakariyyaTukur BichiTown,Kano Gyallesu

183. AbbaYunusa NasarawaTown,Tsanyawa,Kano

35 Gyallesu

184. Shu’aibuSa’idu MadobiTown,Kano 44 Gyallesu

185. AbubakarHussaini ShanonoTown,Kano 48 Gyallesu

186. Rabi’uMuhammad WalawaTown,Kano 32 Gyallesu

187. AliMuhammadDahur Sara,MaiduguriRoad 16 Gyallesu

188. NuraSulaimanSaulawaKatsina

Katsina Gyallesu

189. BasiruMuhammadSabonLayi(’Yandaka)

Katsina Gyallesu

190. LawalIsma'ilMaiP.O.P.FilinSamji

Katisna Gyallesu

191. SulaimanFalaluMasanawa

Katsina Gyallesu

192. AbubakarMusaMuduru

Katsina Gyallesu

193. AmmarAlhassanAbukur

Katsina Gyallesu

194. MustaphaLawalDoro

Katsina Gyallesu

195. NuhuGaiwaCharanci Katsina Gyallesu

196. MuhammadAminuSabonGarinFaguwa

Katsina Gyallesu

197. Isah’YanShantunaDutsinma

Katsina Gyallesu

198. UsmanSa'iduKurmiMalumfashi

Katsina Gyallesu

199. MusaIbraheemMahuta

Katsina Gyallesu

200. UsmanKankiya

Katsina Gyallesu

201. MuhammadSaniYanAlbasa

Katsina Gyallesu

202. ShaikhMuhammadM.SahabiKaduna

Kaduna Gyallesu

203. FauziyyaShehuLayinKosai

Kaduna 20 Gyallesu


49

204. MainunaShehuLayinKosai

Kaduna 22 Gyallesu

205. MuhammadYahyaGilima

Kaduna Gyallesu

206. FaisalAbdulkadir

Kaduna Gyallesu

207. AliyuSulaimanKarofi Kaduna Gyallesu

208. SulaimanMusaBai’ah MinnaNegerState Gyallesu

209. AbubakarAlhasan MinnaNegerState Gyallesu

210. MubarakMuhammadZuru

KebbiState Gyallesu

211. Rufa’iMuhammadZuru

KebbiState Gyallesu

212. NasiruSa’aduGusau ZamfaraState Gyallesu

213. MuhammadHabibuDutsanwai

KubauL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

214. Dr.MustaphaUmarSa’id

Gyallesu,Zaria Gyallesu

215. MuhammadMustaphaUmarSa’id


216. AliMustaphaUmarSa’id


217. RuhullahMustaphaUmarSa’id


218. NuhuIbrahimBindawa

Katsina Gyallesu

219. UmmulAimanSalisu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 20 Gyallesu

220. SalisuUsman SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 48 Gyallesu

221. BadamasiMuhammad SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 40 Gyallesu

222. MuhammadHabibuNasiru

SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 15 Gyallesu

223. IbrahimYahaya

SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 40 Gyallesu

224. MujtabaRabiu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 30 Gyallesu

225. SaniKhalil SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 45 Gyallesu

226. Hamzaidris SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 35 Gyallesu


50

227. AuwalGarbaNuhu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 42 Gyallesu

228. MusaTasi’u SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 20 Gyallesu

229. IbrahimKabir SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 16 Gyallesu

230. MahdiMunkaila SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 16 Gyallesu

231. MuhammadSalisu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 15 Gyallesu

232. MubarakDalhatu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 15 Gyallesu

233. MahdiYunusa SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 18 Gyallesu

234. YusufIshaq SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

235. AlhassanSani SobaL.G.A.KadunaState 25 Gyallesu

236. AdamuUsman SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

237. AdamuIbrahim SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

238. MalamTijaniShitu SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

239. AlhassanSufi SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

240. KuburaSani SobaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

241. MuhammadIdris MalumfashiL.G.A.KatsinaState

Gyallesu

242. AbdussalamBelloMani

MalumfashiL.G.A.KatsinaState

Gyallesu

243. LawalAbubakar GiwaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

244. HussainiMikail GiwaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

245. MikailuSuleiman GiwaL.G.A.KadunaState Gyallesu

246. AbbasMuhammad Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

247. MuntariAbbas Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

248. IbrahimIdris Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

249. UmarDalhatu Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu


51

250. HauwauDalhatu Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

251. MalamUmar Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

252. SaiduMusa Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

253. AbdulkadirYusuf Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

254. MuazuMuhammad Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

255. IsyakuMuhammad Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

256. IbrahimSuleiman Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

257. AdamSuleiman Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

258. YakubuNuhu Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

259. IdrisHaliru Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

260. KabiruIbrahim Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

261. UmarIdris Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

262. BalarabeAdamu Dakace,Zariya Gyallesu

263. HayatuddenAbubakar Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

264. HussainiMusa Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

265. SalmanuIdris Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

266. AminuAliyu Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

267. IbrahimAbdulllahi Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

268. IbrahimAbdulhamid Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

269. AshahabuYusuf Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

270. Shafi’uYusuf Dakace,Zaria Gyallesu

271. RabiluSaid Kwangila,Zaria Gyallesu

272. UmarGambo Kwangila,Zaria Gyallesu


52

273. UmarAdamPZ(Motion)

Zaria,KadunaState Gyallesu

274. AbdulrazaqZayyan Ang.NabukkaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

275. MuhammadIdi Ang.NabukkaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

276. KhalidSalisu Ang.NabukkaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

277. MahdiSaniRais Ang.NabukkaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

278. IbrahimIsa Ang.NabukkaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

279. AhmadLawal MaiganjiFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

280. GarbaHaruna MaiganjiFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

281. AuwalAhmad MaiganjiFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

282. AbbasNasiru MaiganjiFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

283. Mu’azuMahuta MahutaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

284. SaminuTarzana TarzanaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

285. BashirAdamu TarzanaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

286. AuwalYusuf MairuwaFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

287. AbdullahiMa’aruf DikkeFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

288. MahdiShehu DikkeFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

289. SalahuddinIbrahim DikkeFuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

290. MashakuruShehu TudunIya,FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

291. BashirMansur Badarawa,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

292. SadiqYusuf Badarawa,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

293. KabiruMuhammad Badarawa,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

294. BuhariIsmail Barnawa,KadunaSouthKadunaState

Gyallesu

295. MasudTukur Nasarawa,KadunaSouthKadunaState

Gyallesu


53

296. AbdulazizAbdulmumini

Malali,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

297. IsaYunus(Abba) Malali,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

298. IshaqAbdulkadir Malali,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

299. KhalidYahaya Malali,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

300. AbdurrahmanYahaya Malali,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

301. KabiruMuhammad Kawo,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

302. AliyuKawo HayinNa’iya,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

Gyallesu

303. JaafarHabibu Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

304. HassanNuhu Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

45 Gyallesu

305. HarunaNuhu Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

42 Gyallesu

306. Mal.SaidAbdullahi Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

47 Gyallesu

307. UsmanIsa Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

20 Gyallesu

308. AliyuUmar Rigasa,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

30 Gyallesu

309. MikailYusuf Ang.Rimi,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

31 Gyallesu

310. BashirAbdulmumini Malali,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

30 Gyallesu

311. SaminuYa’u KogtagoraNejaState 45 Gyallesu

312. MusaLabiShehu KogtagoraNejaState 45 Gyallesu

313. AbubakarMusaBirninYaro

Kawo,KadunaNorth,KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

314. Sa’iduSadau Dandume,KatsinaState Gyallesu

315. IbrahimWanzam Dandume,KatsinaState Gyallesu

316. AbubakarTsiga Tsiga,KatsinaState Gyallesu

317. JibrinAbdu Ang.Mai-alluraZarewaKanoState

Gyallesu

318. NuhuAhmad Ang.Mai-alluraZarewaKanoState

Gyallesu


54

319. TahirIdris Kwaba,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

320. BadamasiAbdulhamid Falgore,TudunWadaL.G.A.KanoState

Gyallesu

321. IbrahimMuhammad Maiturare Gyallesu

322. HamisuAbubakar DanmagajiZaria Gyallesu

323. BelloMagamaSokoto DanmagajiZaria Gyallesu

324. BashirNuhu Babbarikaf Gyallesu

325. AbubakarSa’idu Barbaji Gyallesu

326. BadaruKaduna H/DanmaniIgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

327. M.GamboYa’u Barbaji Gyallesu

328. M.Ya’uD. Barbaji Gyallesu

329. AminuM.Kabir MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

330. IsaAbdulkadir Gubuci,MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

331. BashirYakubu Gubuci,MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

332. YakubuAlasan MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

333. ZaharaddinIbrahim MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

334. Sabi’uRabi’u MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

335. Sabi’uAbdulkadir MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

336. Nafi’uA.Usman DanAyamaka,MakarfiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

337. AuwalSabi’u SabonLayi Gyallesu

338. SalahuddeenSalmanu BakoriL.G.A.KatsinaState

Gyallesu

339. BashirAdamu BakoriL.G.A.KatsinaState

Gyallesu

340. JamiluAbubakar Ang.Noma Gyallesu

341. SabituAbdulkarim Ang.Noma Gyallesu


55

342. HarunaSabi’u Ang.Noma Gyallesu

343. ZayyanuMuhammad Kachilo Gyallesu

344. AuwalMairuwa Kachilo Gyallesu

345. AkilBala KudanL.G.A.KadunaState

21 Gyallesu

346. AmmarSani KudanL.G.A.KadunaState

19 Gyallesu

347. AbdullahiMusa KudanL.G.A.KadunaState

20 Gyallesu

348. RabiuMusa Kokami 45 Gyallesu

349. HarunaAdamu Kokami 40 Gyallesu

350. DayyanuSalisu Kokami 25 Gyallesu

351. MusaRabiu Kokami 27 Gyallesu

352. IshaqLawal Hunkuyi Gyallesu

353. ShehuRabiu Hunkuyi Gyallesu

354. IbrahimIdris Hunkuyi Gyallesu

355. ZailaniMuhammad FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

356. AuwalAhmad FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

357. UmarShehu FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

358. SalahuddeenSalman FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

359. HashimuNaturawa FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

360. NasiruNaturawi FuntuaL.G.AKatsinaState

Gyallesu

361. IbrahimB.Yusuf Ang.BashirZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

362. MustafaH.Shuhada Ang.MagajiyaFadamaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

363. BelloUmar TudunJikun,Zaria Gyallesu

364. AdamuIbrahim KusfaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu


56

365. AdamIbrahimMazangudu

KusfaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

366. JunaiduSabi’u KusfaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

367. AtikuSabi’u KusfaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

368. AbdulkadirIbrahim KusfaZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

369. AbdulraufAminu TasharIce,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

25 Gyallesu

370. AhmadYahuza TasharIce,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

40 Gyallesu

371. IbrahimUsman TasharIce,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

27 Gyallesu

372. AbubakarBarwa Barwa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

20 Gyallesu

373. SalihuBadaru Barwa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

374. AbdulkarimBello Barwa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

375. DahiruAla-ramma Barwa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

376. HamisuAbubakar Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

377. MuhammadJawad Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

378. Rabi’uAdam Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

379. YusufAdam Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

380. ZainulabideenAbubakar

Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

381. MashhadZubair Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

382. AliyuZaki Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

383. IbrahimUwais Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

384. BashirSaad Yakasai,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

385. KabiruMustapha LambarZango,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

386. AbbaSabitu LambarZango,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

387. IsiyaAbdulqadir LambarZango,IgabiL.G.A.KadunaState

35 Gyallesu


57

388. NuraDauda Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

47 Gyallesu

389. SuleimanMuhammaedNEPA

Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

54 Gyallesu

390. UsmanAliyu Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

391. ShamsuShuaibu Richifa,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

392. AdamuAliyu GadarGayan,IgabiL.G.A.

Gyallesu

393. AdamMuhammad Kwarbai,ZariaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

394. MuhammadAwwalIyal

LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

40 Gyallesu

395. BaqirMuhammadIyal LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

396. UmarAbba LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

397. MuhammadSaid LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

398. KabirMohammadSani


Gyallesu

399. AbdulkarimMusaAliDriver


45 Gyallesu

400. IbrahimHashim LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

17 Gyallesu

401. FatimaAmin LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

402. JunaiduSabiu LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

403. AtikuIbrahim LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

404. YahayaAla-ramma LimancinKona,ZariaL.G.A.Kaduna

Gyallesu

405. BabaShuaibu JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

406. AnasIbrahim JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

407. AbdulhamidMukhtar JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

408. AbdulrazaqSuleiman JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

409. BarauSuleiman JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

410. NuhuSuleiman JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu


58

411. Tasi’uHamisu(Abba) JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

412. TasiuSalisu JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

413. HamisuIdris JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

414. MukhtarHamisu JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

415. ZaharadeenSalisu JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

416. MuntakaSalisu JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

417. SaniSalisu JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

418. SufiyanuAbdussalam JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

419. UsmanUmar JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

420. BabanBabaye JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

421. UsmanWadata JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

422. BarakaIshaq JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

423. IbrahimSuleiman JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

424. AbdullahiAbubakar JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

425. AbbaSuleiman JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

426. MubarakDanjuma JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

427. ShamsuddinIsa JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

428. AdamuMikail JushiZariaCityKadunaState

Gyallesu

429. YahyaA.Sani Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

28 Gyallesu

430. AbdullahiM.Yunusa Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

35 Gyallesu

431. NuraNuhu Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

30 Gyallesu

432. AbdullahiA.Adamu Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

28 Gyallesu

433. AliAbdulmumini Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

28 Gyallesu


59

434. Mal.Dahuru Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

40 Gyallesu

435. IsiyaKinkiba Wanka,SobaL.G.A.KadunaState

40 Gyallesu

436. AliyuSuleiman Pambeguwa,KubauL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

437. AyatollahMuhammadSalihu

Pambeguwa,KubauL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

438. AbdulrashidAuwal Pambeguwa,KubauL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

439. SalisuHassan Kidandan,GiwaL.G.A.KadunaState

Gyallesu

440. Abdulkadir(Escort) Gyallesu,Zaria 40 Gyallesu

441. MuhammadAbdullahi Gangare,TudunWada,Zaria

38 Gyallesu

442. AliLawal Magume,Zaria 16 Gyallesu

443. ShamsuddeenAbdulkadir

Gyallesu,Zariya 42 Gyallesu

444. AliZainulAbideenMustapha

Gyallesu,Zariya 25 Gyallesu

445. ZuhairAbubakarMaina


446. AnasLagawu Gyallesu,Zariya 38 Gyallesu

447. Ishaq(GuestHouse) Gyallesu,Zariya 45 Gyallesu

448. SaniAbubakar LayinZomo,Zaria 21 Gyallesu

449. SaifullahiUmar TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState

Gyallesu

450. AbdulrashidYusufEscort

TudunJikum,ZariaL.G.A,KadunaState

Gyallesu

451. SumayyaIsaHassan Area‘E’ABUStaffQrs,SamaruZaria

20 Gyallesu

452. MahmudBelloLukman

Ang.AlkaliZaria 20 Gyallesu

453. IdrisUsman Ang.Maigodo,SabongariZaria

18 Gyallesu

454. MohammedSani Ang.Maigodo,SabongariZaria

22 Gyallesu

455. MuntakaSaniHaruna HayinDogoSamaru,Zaria

35 Gayallesu

456. BabawuroBaffa NafadaGombeState 35 Gyallesu


60

457. MuhammadTijjani Gagiya,GuriL.G.A,JigawaState

45 Gyallesu

458. Shu’aibuKofarFada MallamMadoriL.G.A,JigawaState

27 Gyallesu

459. MuhammadUsman MallamMadoriL.G.A,JigawaState

37 Gyallesu

460. Shu’aibuDauda MallamMadoriL.G.A,JigawaState

38 Gyallesu

461. SawwanuS.Hamza MallamMadoriL.G.A,JigawaState

45 Gyallesu

462. KhalidAbdullahi MallamMadoriL.G.A,JigawaState

46 Gyallesu

463. AuwalAbubakarGuyu MallamMadoriL.G.A,JigawaState

24 Gyallesu

464. SheikhMustaphaLawanNasidi

Potiskum 50 Gyallesu

465. UsmanGarbaSakafa Sakafa,PotiskumYobeState

21 Gyallesu

466. MuhammadMainiAbdullahi

OldPrisonPotiskum 32 Gyallesu

467. BelloIsmail(AbbanYaya)

OldPrisonPotiskum 25 Gyallesu

468. IsaSaidu M/BukarStreetPotiskum 30 Gyallesu

469. MuhammedIsmail PotiskumYobeState 20 Gyallesu

470. ZakariAbdullahi OppCentralPrisonPotiskum

22 Gyallesu

471. MusaAbdullahi OppCentralPrisonPotiskum

32 Gyallesu

472. AbdullahiHassan OppCentralPrisonPotiskum

42 Gyallesu

473. UmarIsyaku Mamadu,PotiskumYobeState

26 Gyallesu

474. BelloSamailaAbdullahi

Potiskum,YobeState 25 Gyallesu

475. YusufMuhammad Gaidam,YobeState 20 Gyallesu

476. AbubakarHakika Buruku,ChikumL.G.A,KadunaState

42 Gyallesu

477. AliyuAbubakar BirninGwari 40 Gyallesu

478. SaiduAbdullahi Buruku,ChikumL.G.A,KadunaState

Gyallesu

479. MuhammadMurtala(Bichi)

TudunWanda,Zaria 42 Gyallesu


61

480. BaffajiUsmanKumbi KirfiBauchiState DarurRahama


62

Appendix E: Nigeria report: The Zaria massacres andtheroleofthemilitaryAUTHORS:MassoudShadjareh&AbedChoudhuryREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEOverviewOn 25 July 2014 Nigerian soldiers attacked the annual al-Quds Day procession insupportofPalestineinZaria,acityinKadunaStateinnorthernNigeria.Thefollowingday,soldiersdrovetotheHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullahandopenedfireonsupportersoftheIslamicMovementwithintheprecinctofthemainbuilding.The twoattackskilled34ipeople including threechildrenof theprominentscholarSheikhIbrahimEl-Zakzaky,headoftheIslamicMovement.Thisisnotthefirsttimethat the al-Quds Day procession in Zaria has been attacked. In 2009 four peoplewerekilledandseveralinjuredwhenpoliceopenedfireonciviliansii.IslamicHumanRightsCommission (IHRC)senta fact-findingmissiontoZariaon30July 2014. Themission was led by IHRC Chair, Massoud Shadjareh. This report isbasedonitsinterviewswithvictims,theirfamiliesandalsoeye-witnesses.The findings include video footage of Nigerian soldiers firing on unarmed civilianslocatedatthetailendoftheprocessioninZariaon25July.Thirty-twopeopledied.Bystanderswereamongthosekilledintheviolence.Over100peoplewereinjured.There is evidence that many of those arrested died in military custody. Reportsindicatethatsomeweretakenintodetentionaliveandwellandlateremergeddeadwith their bodies bearing signs of being beaten. Others who were injured weredetainedforhoursandbrutalisedbeforebeingallowedtoseekmedicaltreatment.According to eye-witnesses, three truckloads of soldiers opened fire at theprocession without warning. The following day three truckloads of soldiersapproached the Husainiyyah Baqiyyatullah, the headquarters of the IslamicMovement in Zaria, andopened fireonpeople standingoutside. Twopeoplediedandsevenwereinjured.NIGERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARYIntroductionThe IslamicMovement, headed by Sheikh Ibrahim El-Zakzaky,was founded in thelate1970sasastudentmovement.Sinceitsestablishment,ithasgrownintoasocialandreligiousmovementwithsupportersandmembersofallagesandfromallwalksof life. Today estimates of its popularity vary, butmost estimates say the IslamicMovementenjoysthesupportofbetween10-15millionpeopleacrossNigeria.TheIslamicMovementhasbeenorganisingtheal-QudsDayprocessionforthe last33 years. This is a peaceful procession whose aim is to show solidarity with the


63

peopleofPalestine.Al-QudsDayprocessionsareheldintownsandcitiesacrosstheworldbydifferentorganisations.Thisyear,themarchinZariawasoneofatleast22thattookplaceonthesamedayintownsandcitiesacrossNigeria,allorganisedbySheikhEl-Zakzaky’sIslamicMovement.The names of eye-witnesses and the injured have been kept anonymous for theirownsafety.Wehaveprovidedthenamesofthosewhohavebeenkilledaswellasindividualswhosaidtheywerehappyforustoidentifytheminourreport.NIGERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFEMILITARYEventsofFriday25July2014TheAl-QudsDayprocessionused the same route that it has for the last33years,startingatSabonGariJamatMasjid.Theprocessionconsistedofunarmedmenandwomen,ofdifferentages,chantingslogansandcarryingplacards,bannersandflagsinsupportoftheoppressedpeopleofPalestine.TheprocessionstartedafterFridayprayers,ataround2pm.Ataround4.30pmtheprocessioncametoanend,acollectiveprayerwasreadandthose attending dispersed. However, not all had reached the termination pointbecauseof the large turnout. The tail of theprocessionwas still at somedistancefrom the termination point (approximately 3km away). It was the tail end of theprocessionthatwasviciouslyattackedbysoldiers.WespoketooneofthevolunteerswhowashelpingtomanagetrafficaroundthetailendoftheprocessionatthePZroundabout,thesceneofthefirstattack.Hesawavehiclewithsoldiersapproachthem.HedidnotthinkthisunusualasZariahastwomilitarybasessosoldiersinvehiclesareacommonsightinthecentreofthecity.Thesoldiersstoppednearhimandtheothervolunteersandtriedtoengagetheminanargumentaboutwhatcriteriathevolunteersshouldusetogivevehiclesprioritytopass.Thisappearstohavebeenasmokescreenfortheattacks,becauseevenastheywere being given priority passage, the soldiers started shooting at demonstratorsfrom a very close distance. Ishaq Abdullahiiiwas shot and bundled into the armyvehicle. The soldiers then sped off,went around the block of shops and cut off alargegroupwhowereat the tail endof theprocession from themainbody.Theytookpositionsneartheseshopsivandstartedtoshootatthecrowd.Thevolunteersand other non-partisan eye-witnesses stated that the volunteers did not haveweaponsanddidnotinstigatetheviolence.Video footage and images obtained by IHRC clearly shows the soldiers walkingcalmly towards the crowd while shooting at it. There seemed to be no obviousdangertothesoldiersastheytooknoprecautionsagainstbeingattacked.Theywerenot seeking protection behind objects, nor wearing helmets and were walkingdirectlytowardsthecrowdwhileshooting.Hadthecrowdposedanydangertothemtheywouldnothavetakensuchacasualapproach.Thestewardsandvolunteerswhowerehelpingwiththeprocessionstartedwalkingtowards the soldiersdespitenothavinganyprotection fromthehailofbullets.As


64

theywalkedtowardsthesoldierstheychantedAllahuAkbar(Allah isgreat)andYaMahdi(OMahdi)v.Thereasontheyapproachedthesoldierswastoplacethemselvesbetweenthesoldiersandthecrowdandalsotorescuethosewhowerelyinginjuredontheroad.FamilymembersofRidwanMusa,a20-year-oldstudent,toldushowhewasabletogetclosetothesoldiersandstoodbetweenthemandagroupofwomenthe soldiers had taken aim at. He challenged them, asking them why they wereshooting at peaceful civilians. Hewas shot in the head and died immediately. HisbodywastakentoHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullah.All thosewhowere interviewed by IHRC, including victims and bystanders, statedthat the crowd was unarmed and did not fight back. They chanted as soldiersapproached them, and when the shooting became continuous and indiscriminatethey lay on the ground for protection. The indiscriminate nature of the shootingmeantanumberofpeoplewhowerenotpartoftheprocessionwerealsokilledorinjured. Julius Anyanwu, a 68 year-old local Christian man, was shot anddisemboweled as he sought to know why the soldiers were shooting unarmedcivilians. He died before arrival at the hospital. In an adjacent shop, a Christianwomanwas shot and injured as she sought shelter in the shop sheworked in. Anumberofstraybulletstorethroughthefrontoftheshopand intoherhandsandchest. IHRC has obtained pictures showing damage done to shops and otherproperty.Bulletspiercedmetaldoors.Onephysicallyhandicappedvictimrecountedthatshehadbeenintheareabeggingforfood.Whentheshootingstartedshedivedforcoverasshewasunabletorunaway.Asoldierapproachedher,shotherinhergoodlegandwalkedaway.Herleghadtobeamputated.All the victims andeye-witnesseswe spoke to confirmed that the soldiers didnotissueanywarningsbeforeshooting–theyopenedfirerandomlyandindiscriminatelyatthecrowd.Wespoketoafarmerwhowasworkinginasugarcanefieldneartheprocession. He described how he saw soldiers chasing victims into the field andshootingatthem.Assoonashesawthesoldiersrunningintothefieldhedecidedtoflee.Howeverasoldiermanagedtoshoothiminhishand.Heinformedusthatthesoldiershidamongstthesugarcanewaitingtoseeifotherswouldrunintothefieldsothattheycouldshootthemaswell.WhilemanyofthosewhowereshoteitherdiedonthespotorweretakenawaytoHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullahbyvolunteersoftheIslamicMovement(wheretheywereabletogettothepersonsafely),otherswerearrestedandwentthroughafurther4-5hourordealatthehandsofthesoldiers.WespoketoanumberofpeoplewhowerearrestedandtakentoBasawaMilitaryBarracksandtormented.Oneofthemenwhowasarrestedexplainedhowashewasleavingthedemonstrationafriendcalledandtoldhimthatsoldierswereshootingatpeople taking part in the procession. He decided to go back and see what washappening.When he arrived at the PZ roundabout he met with Ahmad, Hamid and Ali El-Zakzaky. The soldiers approached them. Along with the stewards and volunteers,


65

theycontinuedchantingbutassoonastheshootingbecameintense,theylaydownon theground for cover. The soldiers continued their advance.AhmadandHamiddecidedtogetawaybutheandAliremainedontheground.Heconfirmedthatmostofthepeopleonthegroundaroundthemhadbeenshotandwereeitherinjuredordead.HeandAliwereunharmedat this stage.When the soldiers approached,Aliscreamedout.Realisingthattheywerenotinjured,thesoldiersorderedthembothtostandup.Assoonas theystoodup theyshotAli in the leg.Oneof thesoldiersthenpointedhisgunathimandheinstantlygrabbedthebarrelandpusheditawayto try and prevent himself being shot. As he struggled with the soldier anothersoldiershothimintheleg.Theywereboththendraggedtothesideoftheroad.Itwas from there that he sawAhmad andHamid being shot by soldiers. Bothwereshot twice in the back and once in the leg. The soldiers put him, Ali, Ahmad andHamid, alongwith threeother individuals,whowerealso shot in the leg, into thebackofatruck.(MahmoudEl-Zakzakywasalsointhiscrowdwithhisbrothersandhad also been shot - he died instantly with his body being left on the street forvolunteerstoretrieve.)Theywerestackedinthetruckoneontopoftheother.Aliwasplacedon topofhisbrothersAhmadandHamid.Theyweredriven toChinditArmy Barrackswhichwas about 500m from the scene. During the journeyHamidpleadedwith thesoldiers thatAhmadneededurgentmedicalattention,ashewasunable to breathe. Each timeHamid spokehewas kicked andbeaten.Ali tried tomovesoas toput lesspressureonAhmad’schestandallowhimtobreathemorefreely. Each time he moved, he too was beaten. Throughout the journey theprisonerswerekickedandbeatenwiththebuttsofthesoldiers’AK-47assaultrifles.Once theyarrivedat thebarracks theywere refusedentryby theChinditbarrackscommander. So they turned and headed to Basawa Military Barracks some 5kmaway.Theyweredrivenstraighttothebarrackshospital,pulledoutanddumpedonthegroundoutside.Onseeingtheirconditionaseniorofficerinthebarracksorderedthat theybeplaced in an ambulance and taken to the TeachingHospital in Shika.However, the ambulance was stopped at the gates of the barracks and thecommanderoftheunitthathadarrestedthem,LtCol.S.OOku,pulledthemoutoftheambulanceanddumpedthemonthegroundoutsidethegates.Herefusedtoletthembetakentothehospital.Thevictimshadtheirmobilephonesconfiscatedandwere left there for at least three hours. During this time a number of soldiersapproachedthem,tookpicturesandthenproceededtohit themwiththebuttsoftheir AK-47s. Lt Col. Oku asked who the sons of El-Zakzaky were. Ali, Hamid andAhmadwereidentified.Theywereseparatedfromthegroupandmovedtooneside.Thesoldierswerealsoinsultingandtauntingtheircaptives,andeverytimetheysaidsomethingAli,whoisonly15,wouldrespondwithacomment.Oneofthesoldiersdecided toattackhim forhis responseandwent tohithim,atwhichpointHamidtriedtoshieldAliwithhisownbody.Hamidwashitontheheadtwicewiththebuttofarifle.ThatwasthelasttimeanyoneheardHamidspeakormove.AlimentionedthathesawHamid’seyesrollingandhediedsoonafterwards.A fewhours later, afterdark, the soldierswhohadarrested themreturnedwithanumberofvehicles,which theyparkednext to them.Using theheadlightsof their


66

vehicles, they proceeded to film and take pictures of the arrested beforedisappearing.ItwasonlythenthattheyweretakentoShikaHospital.Theyweredriventhereanddumpedoutsidetheemergencydepartment.Beforethesoldierslefttheycontinuedtotorturethem.BythistimeHamid’sbodywasstiffandAhmad’sbodyhadstartedto go cold - they were both dead. At least nine other persons amongst the 16arrested died during this trip; five survived with various degrees of injuries. Thehospitalstaffcameouttohelpthosewhowerestillaliveandalsoreceivethebodiesofthedead.The above narrative was confirmed to us by Ali El-Zakzaky. Dr ShuaibMusa whoattended to the injuredat ShikaHospital confirmed thatmanyof those injuredorkilled had bruises on their bodies consistent with being tortured in addition togunshot wounds. Similar evidence was given by Dr. Gilbert Uwadia, the MedicalDirector of St. Luke’s Catholic Hospital, Wusasa, where quite a number of thoseinjured were treated. They both explained that many of the victims had cleanlacerations, indicating that they had been cut or stabbed. Ali El-Zakzaky and thevictimwhowasarrestedandspoketousbothconfirmedthatthelacerationswerefrom the bayonets of theAK-47s carried by the soldiers.Dr Shuaib also explainedthat both Hamid and Ahmad died as a result of not getting immediate medicalattention.Hadadoctorseenthemimmediately,theymayhavestillbeenalive.Dr Shuaib also mentioned how an ambulance conveying injured people to thehospitalwasstoppedbythearmy.Twoofthoseonboardwerearrestedwhiletheother two escaped. The soldiers took the ambulance and did not provide anyreasonsforwhytheyhadtakenit.Theambulancewasonlyreleasedon15August,2014.IGERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARYEventsofSaturday26July2014ThefollowingdaysawafurtherincidentattheHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullah.Aftertheprevious day’s events many of the injured had been brought to the HusainiyyahBaqiyyatullahwheretheyreceivedfirstaidovernight.A number of the volunteers and supporters of the IslamicMovementwere in thepremisesoftheHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullah.Oneofthevictimswhohadbeenshotinthe leg that day explained that while they were outside the HusainiyyahBaqiyyatullah, three army vehicles approached them. The soldiers got out andwalkedtowardsthem.Oncetheywereontheoppositesideoftheroadandafteravery short discussion they opened fire.Nowarningwas given before shooting. Assoon as the soldiers started firing at the crowd, the people in the crowd startedchantingYaMahdiandAllahuAkbaranddivedtothegroundforcover.Thesoldierswereshootingfromverycloserange–10-20metres.Oneofthevictimswasshotinthelegandwesawaverylargeexitwoundonhisleg:thebonesinhislegwereclearlyvisible.Twopeoplewerekilledandseveninjured.Nosoldierswere


67

killedorharmedduringthisevent.The family of Haidar Muhammad Ugwado said he was also shot in front of theHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullah.HetoowasoutsidetheHussainiyyahwithothersbeforethesoldiersarrived.Whenthesoldiershadleft,peopleapproachedhimthinkinghehaddecidednottomovefromhisplace.Theyfoundthathehad infactbeenshotdead;hedidnotgetachancetoseekcoverwhenthesoldiershadstartedshootingandhadbeenkilledwherehesat.All the victims and eye-witnesseswe spoke to confirmed that none of the peopleoutsidetheHusainiyyahBaqiyyatullahwerecarryinggunsoranyweapons.Theyalsodidnotprovoketheattackeither.Thesoldiershadshotatunarmedcivilians.NIGERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARYFindings

•Soldiersopened fireonunarmedcivilians,withoutprovocation,using liveammunition, without issuing any warnings on 25 July 2014. People weredispersing from a peaceful procession held in support of Palestine and alleye-witnesses/victimsconfirmedthatonlythesoldierswereshooting.

•Thepolicewerenotinvolvedintheincidentof25July.Theyrefusedtotakecaptives fromthearmyanddidnotwishtohaveanypart inhowthearmyhandledtheissue.Furthermore,inNigeria,itispurelyapoliceresponsibilitytohandlecivildisturbancesandthearmydoesnotnormallyengagewithoutthe express knowledge of, and instructions from, their command andheadquarters. In the latter case, all military and security formations arealerted. On July 25 and 26 however, the police refused involvement andsoldiersinChinditbarracksrefusedentrytothesoldierswhocarriedouttheoperations.ThefactthataseniormilitaryofficeratBasawaBarracksdidnotseemtobeawareofwhatwasgoingonandthusrequestedthatvictimsbetaken to thehospitalwould itself suggest that thiswas a special operationcarriedoutbyaselectfew.

•Thearmytreatedthecivilianstheyattackedashostilecombatants,despitetheirbeingunarmed.InaspecialsituationreportobtainedbyIHRC(AppendixA),theystatedthatthesoldierswereattackedbythecivilians.Theyreferredtothosearrestedasprisonersofwarandcountedanambulanceamongstthedangerousweaponsthattheyconfiscatedfromtheenemy.

•Therewerenocasualtiesorfatalitiesamongstthesoldierson25or26July.

• It is our opinion that this was not a conflict between the army andprotestorsasclaimedbythemilitary.Thirty-twopeoplewerekilledonFriday25 July, but as indicated in the special situation report (Appendix A), thesoldierssustainednocasualtiesorlosses.Ifthishadbeenaconflictbetweentwopartieswewouldhaveexpectedthearmytoreportsomecasualtiesasaminimum.


68

•Anumberof those injuredorkilledwereshotatveryclose range.This isevidencedbytheseverenatureofthewoundsaswellasthefactthatmanyofthevictimssaidtheycouldclearlyseethefacesof thesoldierswhoshotthemandwouldbeabletoidentifythemifgiventheopportunity.

• Video footage clearly shows that the soldiers were walking around verycalmlyanddidnotperceiveanythreatfromthecrowdtheywereshootingat:theywerenotwearinghelmets,werenotseekingcoverandwerewalkinginthe open as they fired at the crowd. We have images showing soldierswalkingamongst thecrowd; clearly theydidnotperceiveanyactual threatfromthecrowdastheyhavesinceclaimed.

RIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY• Soldiers arrested a number of individuals who were held for 4-5 hours,withoutduelegalprocess.Theseindividualswere:

- shot in the legand thebackandeven thechestandheadbeforebeing

bundledintoatruck.Manyhadmultiplegunshotwounds

- repeatedlytorturedduringthejourneytoBasawaBarracks,

- refused medical attention, food and water throughout theirimprisonment,whichledtothedeathofHamidandAhmadEl-Zakzaky,

- showedevidenceontheirbodiesofbeingkickedorbeatenwiththebuttsofAK-47rifles,

- had clean lacerations on their bodies from where they were cut orstabbedbythesoldiers’bayonets.

•Soldiersopenedfireonunarmedcivilians,using liveammunition,withoutprovocation and without issuing any warnings outside HusainiyyahBaqiyyatullahon26July2014.

• All victims and family members stated that they had not received anyexplanation from the Police or any government functionary. No one hadapproached them to find outwhat had happened at the time of our fact-findingmission.

•SoldiersdistinctlyandactivelysoughttoidentifythesonsofAl-Zakzakyandmetedout themost severe formsof torture in addition to fatally shootingthem suggests that eliminatingmembers of the sheikh’s familywas one oftheirprimarygoals.

NIGE


69

RIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARYRecommendations

• IHRC believes that an investigation into these two incidents needs to becarriedoutbyathirdparty, independentoftheArmyandgovernment.Ourrecommendationisthattheinvestigationbecarriedoutbyanindependentinternationalcommission.• The incidents in Zaria are not the first time that the Nigerian Army hasacted in this way. Amnesty International has reported the extra judicialkillings of alleged members of Boko Haram by the Nigerian Army. Thesekillings involved them slitting peoples’ throats whilst filming andphotographing the atrocities. Such actions amount to a war crime. ThesetypesofeventsstronglysuggestthatatleastasectionoftheNigerianarmyistotallyoutofcontroland iscommittingmurderandextra-judicialkillingsofunarmedcivilianswithapparentimpunity.WerecommendthattheNigerianArmy’s participation in all international peacemissions, organised by theUNortheAfricanUnion,besuspendedimmediately,untiltheperpetratorsareidentifiedandbroughttojustice.

NIGERIAREP

ORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


70

Peacefulprotest

AnothersectionofthepeacefulprocessionMILITARY


71

Women'ssectionofprocession(above)/Menssectionofprocession(below)

THEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


72

BannerinsolidaritywithPalestine(above)/Armypersonnelalongsidearmyvehicle(below)

ERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


73

Soldiersshootingatprotestors(above)/Injuredmanabandonedontheroadandleftfordead(below)

REPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


74

Injuredmanbecomeslimp(above)/Armyofficersthrowinglifelessbodyontotruck(below)

NIGERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


75

Peopleseekingshelterduringshooting(above)/Ammunitioncollectedatthesiteoftheprotest(below)

THEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


76

Oneoftheinjured(above)/Victimwithpartoflegamputatedasaresultofbulletwound(below)


77

Woundedbeingcarriedbyvolunteers(above)/Injuredtakentohospital(below)

REPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


78

Injuredtakentohospital(aboveandbelow)

ZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


79

Injuredwaitingtobetreated(above)/Buryingthedead(below)

AppendixA–SituationReport


80

NIGERIAREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


81

Text:specialsituationreport.Situationreportno04/14.Religiousdisturbance.Atabout251545aJuly14aZariabasedIslamicclericandleaderofShiite,SheikElZazakiandhisfollowersunlawfullyengagedinanactofcivildisturbancewhileprotestingongoingconflictbetweenstateofIsraelandPalestine.Thesectmembersarmedwithdangerousweaponsattackedinnocentciviliansincludingsoldiersof11fer.Sectmembersalsoattemptedtodisarmsomeofthesoldiers.Troopsongroundrespondedinself-defenseandengagedtheminexchangeofgunfire.ReinforcementsentbydepotNigerianArmyimmediately.Situation.Enemyforce.Killedinaction10.Woundedinaction2.Prisonerofwar13.1xambulancecaptured.Ownforce.Killedinactionnil.Woundedinactionnil.Ownequipmentcasualty.Nil.Owntroopsstilldominatingthearea.Situationundercontrol.Progressreporttofollowassoonaspossible.Troopsmoraleandalertnessremainhigh.Pleaseacknowledge///

NIGE

AREPORT:THEZARIAMASSACRESANDTHEROLEOFTHEMILITARY


82

AppendixB–Listofthosekilled

Friday25July2014

SayyidAhmadZakzakySayyidHamidZakzakySayyidMahmoudZakzakyMusaSobaAbdulbasitU/jabaAlhajiAtikuZariaSadisuSalisutanimuU/nomaKabiruAlarammaMuciyaUsmanRidwanZariaZainulabidinK/dangomaAlarammaAlhassanU/kanawaShamwiluBashirFuntuwaAdamuShituBarwaZulaihatSaniYusufAbdulqadirMansurAhmadBilbisHarunaAhmadT/wada–(9yearsold)AbubakarSabatiT/jukunShafi’uTsugugiUmarDamboIshaqaAbdullahiMuciyaAhmadHabibDabaiZakariyyaA/gwadoAishaMuktarKudanIsma’ilBashirWuciciriIbrahimMuktarS/gariSalisuMatiMaradiMujtabaK/malamKarayeHusainiMuhammadZabiNuhuYa’uKundunJuliusAnyawuAbubakarLawalSaturday26July2014HaidarMuhammadU/gwadoHarunaSufiDograwa


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iSeeAppendixB–Listofthosekillediihttp://www.ihrc.org.uk/activities/press-releases/9075-press-release-nigeria-breaking-news-police-fire-on-peaceful-protest-in-zariaiiiIshaqAbdullahdiedfollowingtheseriousfatalinjurieshesustained.Hewastakenawaybythesoldiersandwasnotgivenanymedicalattention.Hebledtodeathincustody.ivTheshopsareintheareaimmediatelyaroundPZroundaboutandtheareaitselfisreferredtoasPZ,adenselypopulatedareawithveryhighconcentrationofshops,banksandothercommercialactivities.vThesechantswerespontaneousandweremeantfirstlyaswarningtoothersnearbytobewaryofdangerandsecondlyasaformofspiritualprotectionandencouragementinthefaceofdanger.

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