TO-INFINITIVES - GERUNDS - OR BARE-INFINITIVES? NguyenDach

Some verbs require a to-inf. but some require a gerund or a bare – inf.I. TO-INFINITIVES

Ex: We had planned to leave the day before yesterday. I am to go now.

VERBS + TO-INF. VERBS + TO-INF.agree (ñoàng yù)expect (mong ñôïi)hope (hy voïng)learn (hoïc)promise (höùa)tend (coù khuynh höôùng)decide (quyeát ñònh)fail (thaát baïi, hoûng)intend (ñònh)plan (hoaïch ñònh)refuse (töø choái)wish (ao öôùc)try (coá gaéng)

want (muoán)dare (daùm, thaùch ñoá)desire (theøm, muoán)endeavour (coá gaéng)guarantee (baûo ñaûm)mean (nguï yù)offer (taëng, hieán)pretend (laøm boä)swear (theà)undertake (nhaän,ñaûm nhieäm) would like(thích)care(caàn)be(phaûi)...

* Notes: Some other uses of to-inf.

1. Ex: - I am happy to hear it.

- It’s interesting to see that film.

2.

Ex: She asked me to buy this book.

*VERBS: teach(daïy) – prefer (thích hôn)– like(thích) – request(yeâu caàu)order(ra leänh) – warn(caûnh baùo) – advise(khuyeân) – allow(cho pheùp)– beg(naøi næ)– ask(yeâu caàu) – tell(baûo) – wish(öôùc,muoán) invite(môøi)...3. BE LIKELY + TO-INF. Ex: It isn’t likely to rain. (Khoâng chaéc gì trôøi möa)

4. S + VERB + IT + C / PRO(NOUN) + TO-INF.

Ex: I count it an honour to serve you. (Toâi xem vieäc phuïc vuï anh laø moät vinh döï) The teacher warned his students not to be late.(Thaày giaùo caûnh caùo hoïc sinh laø ñöøng treã.) *VERBS: acknowledge(nhìn nhaän) – believe(tin töôûng) – consider(xem, coi) – count(keå, coi) – declare(tuyeân boá) – deny(töø choái) – esteem(ñaùnh giaù, cho laø) – fancy(tin töôûng, nghó) - feel(caûm thaáy) – find(tìm thaáy) – guess(ñoaùn) - report(keå,töôøng thuaät) – see(nhaän thaáy) – imagine(töôûng töôïng) ...5.

IT IS/WAS + ADJ. + OF + SOMEONE + TO-INF. adjectives: nice(toát) – kind(töû teá) – genrerous (roäng löôïng) – polite(lòch söï, leã pheùp) – good(toát) – mean(buûn xæn, keùm coûi) – silly(khôø daïi, ngôù ngaån) – careless(sô suaát, caåu thaû) – clever(kheùo leùo) – wrong(sai) – stupid(ngu daïi)...

Ex: It was stupid of me to say that.

S + BE + ADJ. + TO-INF.(IT + BE + ADJ. + TO-INF.)

S + V + O + TO-INF.

6. TO – INF. CAN TALK ABOUT A PERSON’S PURPOSE. Ex: She’s saving up to buy a motorbike.

II. GERUNDS Ex: He enjoys travelling by plane.

VERBS + GERUND VERBS + GERUNDSenjoy(thích)admit(nhaän, nhìn nhaän)avoid(traùnh)deny(choái, phuû nhaän)finish(hoaøn thaønh)quit(boû, töø boû)mind(quan taâm, phieàn)imagine(töôûng töôïng)miss(boû lôõ)fancy(cho raèng/töôûng töôïng)continue(tieáp tuïc)escape(troán thoaùt, thoaùt)

risk(lieàu)appreciate(ñaùnh giaù cao)consider(xem xeùt)practise(thöïc haønh)regret(tieác, laáy laøm tieác)stop(döøng)suggest(ñeà nghò)in volve(goàm)postpone(trì hoaõn)mention(ñeà caäp ñeán)...

* Notes: Some other uses of Gerunds 1. PREPOSITIONS + GERUND

Ex: We are interested in reading picture books. I am looking forward to seeing you.

She spoke about swimming.2. WORDS + GERUND worth(ñaùng, ñaùng ñöôïc) – busy(baän roän) – near(gaàn) - to have difficulty= to have a hard time(gaëp khoù khaên)

Ex: He is busy writing. She was near dying.

3. IDIOMS + GERUND

cannot bear/stand(khoâng chòu ñöôïc) – cannot help(khoâng traùnh/nhòn ñöôïc)there is(coù) – there is no(khoâng coù) – there is much(coù nhieàu) – there is little(coù ít) – it is no use(khoâng coù ích lôïi gì) – it is no good(Chaúng toát, chaúng ích gì)...

Ex: I cannot help laughing at him. There is talking in the next room. It is no use saying that.

4. VERBS + GERUND ( passive meaning ) need(caàn) – want(caàn) – bear(neân) – merit(xöùng ñaùng) – require(caàn)

Ex: My shoes want repairing. The house needs painting.

5. PERCEPTION VERBS + GERUND see(thaáy) – hear(nghe) – smell(ngöûi) – taste(neám) – touch(sôø)

notice(chuù yù) – feel(caûm thaáy)... Ex: I heard him playing the guitar last night.

III. BARE - INFINITIVES1. SPECIAL VERBS + BARE-INF.(may, can, must...) Ex: You must do your homework.2. WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER + BARE-INF

Ex: You had better not go swimming today.3. S + V + O + BARE-INF.

Verbs: make(laøm cho) – let(ñeå) – bade(baûo) - h ave(nhôø)... Ex: We let him go. She had a boy repair her bike.Notes:a. VERBS + GERUND OR TO-INF.(without much difference of meaning)

* begin – love – continue – hate – prefer – start – like – ... Ex: He began looking / to look for a job six months ago.b. HELP + TO-INF./ BARE-INF.( without difference of meaning)

Ex: I’ll help you carry / to carry your bag.c. STOP * Stop + gerund - I stopped smoking. ( Toâi döøng vieäc huùt thuoác.) * Stop + to-inf. - I stopped to smoke. ( Toâi döøng vieäc gì ñeå huùt thuoác.)d. TRY * Try + gerund : thöû... Try phoning his home number. * Try + to-inf. : coá gaéng I try not to laugh.e. VERBS + GERUND OR TO-INF.

* intend – learn - omit (boû soùt) – forget – cease(thoâi) – regret (tieác) – neglect(cheånh maûng) – dread(kinh sôï)... + Gerunds say about something we have already done. + To-infs. say about something we have to do now, or we are going to do. Ex: I remember hearing her play “Dieãm xöa”. ( Toâi nhôù ñaõ nghe coâ aáy chôi baøi “Dieãm xöa”.) Please remember to bring your wife along. ( Nhôù ñöa vôï anh ñi cuøng.)

TO – INFINITIVES, BARE – INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?A. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the brackets in the to – infinitives, bare – infinitives, or gerunds. Sometimes two answers are possible.1. I hate (work) …………………………… at weekends.2. Would you like (come) …………………………… to a disco this evening?3. Can I help you (move) …………………………… your things?4. I had hoped (see) ………………… the musical Rainbow, but I couldn’t (get) ……………………… any tickets.5. Stop (make) …………………………… so much noise. People are trying (sleep) …………………………….6. Would you like something (drink) ……………………………?7. You should (try) ……………………… to avoid (drive) ………………… through the citycenter at the rush hour.8. I want a few days (think) ………………… about their offer before ( make) ……………………… a decision.9. What time do you need (leave) …………………………… (catch) …………………………… your bus?10. It’s unusal for him(be) …………………………… ill.11. It was horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work) ……………… seven days a week.12. Do you prefer (ski) …………………………… to (ice-skate) ……………………………?13. I’m very fond of (walk) …………………………… by the sea. 14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) …………………………… at home.15. It was good of you (explain) …………………………… everything to me.

B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form (gerund or to-infinitive).1. Don't forget to phone your mother, (phone)2. I love …being… on my own and ..listening,, to music, (be/listen)3. Do you want …………. tonight? (go out)4. Would you like………….. to the beach this afternoon? (go)5. I remembered…………………. all the doors but I forgot. ….. the lights, (lock/turn off)6. Are you planning ………….. on holiday this year? (go)7. He agreed ………….. me after I wrote him a letter, (see)8. I enjoy………….. your letters very much, (read)9. We like………….. here but we miss ………….. to our old friends, (live/talk)10. I'd like………….. a job with a foreign company, (get)11. I'm going to learn …………..Spanish before we go to Spain for our holidays next year, (speak)12. Matthew suggested………….. for a meal but I wanted………….. at home, (go out/stay)13. I don't like …………..violent films, (watch)14. When I was a child, I hated………….. in the dark, (sleep)15. She finished………….. the book but then she decided………….. another one. (write/start)16. We're hoping…………..………….. the house next week, (finish/paint)17. Do you miss………….. in the evenings now that you have children? (go/out)18. I am hoping ………….. at the factory soon.(stop/work)19. He's very mean - he never offers …………..for anything, (pay)20. I tried ……………………..sugar in my tea but I didn't like it.(give up/take)

TO – INFINITIVES, BARE – INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?A. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the brackets in the to – infinitives, bare – infinitives, or gerunds. Sometimes two answers are possible.1. I hate (work) …………………………… at weekends.2. Would you like (come) …………………………… to a disco this evening?3. Can I help you (move) …………………………… your things?4. I had hoped (see) ……………… the musical Rainbow, but I couldn’t (get) ………………… any tickets.5. Stop (make) ……………………… so much noise. People are trying (sleep) …………………………….6. Would you like something (drink) ……………………………?

7. You should (try) ……………………… to avoid (drive) ………………… through the citycenter at the rush hour.8. I want a few days (think) ………………… about their offer before ( make) ……………………… a decision.9. What time do you need (leave) …………………………… (catch) …………………………… your bus?10. It’s unusal for him(be) …………………………… ill.11. It was horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work) ……………… seven days a week.12. Do you prefer (ski) …………………………… to (ice-skate) ……………………………?13. I’m very fond of (walk) …………………………… by the sea. 14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) …………………………… at home.15. It was good of you (explain) …………………………… everything to me.

B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form (gerund or to-infinitive).1. Don't forget to phone your mother, (phone)2. I love …being… on my own and ..listening,, to music, (be/listen)3. Do you want …………. tonight? (go out)4. Would you like………….. to the beach this afternoon? (go)5. I remembered…………………. all the doors but I forgot. ….. the lights, (lock/turn off)6. Are you planning ………….. on holiday this year? (go)7. He agreed ………….. me after I wrote him a letter, (see)8. I enjoy………….. your letters very much, (read)9. We like………….. here but we miss ………….. to our old friends, (live/talk)10. I'd like………….. a job with a foreign company, (get)11. I'm going to learn …………..Spanish before we go to Spain for our holidays next year, (speak)12. Matthew suggested………….. for a meal but I wanted………….. at home, (go out/stay)13. I don't like …………..violent films, (watch)14. When I was a child, I hated………….. in the dark, (sleep)15. She finished………….. the book but then she decided………….. another one. (write/start)16. We're hoping…………..………….. the house next week, (finish/paint)17. Do you miss………….. in the evenings now that you have children? (go/out)18. I am hoping ………….. at the factory soon.(stop/work)19. He's very mean - he never offers …………..for anything, (pay)20. I tried ……………………..sugar in my tea but I didn't like it.(give up/take)

B. Choose the correct answer.1. Do you like…………………………… money?

a. borrow b. to borrow c. borrowing2. My girlfriend persuade me…………………………… my hair cut.

a. have b. to have c. having3. I used …………………………… running every morning, but I never go now.

a. go b. to go c. going4. I have decided …………………………… for a new job.

a. look b. to look c. looking5. You needn’t …………………………… me back that magazine. I’ve finished with it.

a. give b. to give c. giving6. You must always remember…………………………… your car locked.

a. keep b. to keep c. keeping7. It’s very late. We really must …………………………… going.

a. be b. to be c. being8. How about …………………………… tennis at the weekend?

a. play b. to play c. playing9. You shouldn’t encourage anyone …………………………… .

a. smoke b. to smoke c. smoking10. I’m not very good at …………………………… speeches.

a. make b. to make c. making11. Going to the dentist always makes me …………………………… nervous.

a. feel b. to feel c. feeling12. I stopped writing …………………………… the phone.

a. answer b. to answer c. answering13. I don’t particularly enjoy ……………………………

a. cook b. to cook c. cooking14. Jannet promised …………………………… anyone what I’d said.

a. not tell b. not t tell c. to not tell15. It’s a lovely morning. Why don’t we …………………………… for a walk?

a. go b. to go c. going

WritingTO-INFINITIVE

Use these cues to write sentences1. we / glad / see / you .....................................................................................2. It / nice / you / say so .....................................................................................3. Film / interesting / watch .....................................................................................4. father / not / have time / read / newspaper ..................................................................................5. I wish / have / enough money / buy / new bicycle .........................................................................6. We listen / music / relax .....................................................................................7. Get good marks / we have / study hard…………………………………………………………8. I went / post office / post / letter .....................................................................................9. He / telephone / invite / me / party .....................................................................................10. She / going / Britain / learn / English .....................................................................................11. I / phoned / her / tell / her / the good news .....................................................................................12. I / saving money / buy / cassette player.....................................................................................13. She / practices / sing / all day / win / singing contest....................................................................14. I / learning French / sing / French songs ..................................................................................... 15. Monitor / always / go / class / on time / set a good example / class……………………………………………………………………………………………………..16. We went / bed early / in order / get / early / next morning...................................................................................................................................17. He worked hard / so as / pass exam..............................................................................................................................18. You / study hard / please / parents ..............................................................................................................19. In order / be / good student / you / follow / teachers’ advice ........................................................................................................................20. Protect yourself / rain / bring / umbrella

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TO – INFINITIVES, BARE – INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?A. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the brackets in the to – infinitives, bare – infinitives, or gerunds. Sometimes two answers are possible.1. I hate (work) …………………………… at weekends.2. Would you like (come) …………………………… to a disco this evening?3. Can I help you (move) …………………………… your things?4. I had hoped (see) ………………… the musical Rainbow, but I couldn’t (get) ……………………… any tickets.5. Stop (make) …………………………… so much noise. People are trying (sleep) …………………………….6. Would you like something (drink) ……………………………?7. You should (try) ……………………… to avoid (drive) ………………… through the citycenter at the rush hour.8. I want a few days (think) ………………… about their offer before ( make) ……………………… a decision.9. What time do you need (leave) …………………………… (catch) …………………………… your bus?10. It’s unusal for him(be) …………………………… ill.11. It was horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work) ……………… seven days a week.12. Do you prefer (ski) …………………………… to (ice-skate) ……………………………?13. I’m very fond of (walk) …………………………… by the sea. 14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) …………………………… at home.15. It was good of you (explain) …………………………… everything to me.B. Choose the correct answer.1. Do you like…………………………… money?

a. borrow b. to borrow c. borrowing2. My girlfriend persuade me…………………………… my hair cut.

a. have b. to have c. having3. I used …………………………… running every morning, but I never go now.

a. go b. to go c. going4. I have decided …………………………… for a new job.

a. look b. to look c. looking5. You needn’t …………………………… me back that magazine. I’ve finished with it.

a. give b. to give c. giving6. You must always remember…………………………… your car locked.

a. keep b. to keep c. keeping7. It’s very late. We really must …………………………… going.

a. be b. to be c. being8. How about …………………………… tennis at the weekend?

a. play b. to play c. playing9. You shouldn’t encourage anyone …………………………… .

a. smoke b. to smoke c. smoking10. I’m not very good at …………………………… speeches.

a. make b. to make c. making11. Going to the dentist always makes me …………………………… nervous.

a. feel b. to feel c. feeling12. I stopped writing …………………………… the phone.

a. answer b. to answer c. answering

13. I don’t particularly enjoy …………………………… a. cook b. to cook c. cooking

14. Jannet promised …………………………… anyone what I’d said.a. not tell b. not t tell c. to not tell

15. It’s a lovely morning. Why don’t we …………………………… for a walk?a. go b. to go c. going