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Kyoto Protocol Branch
Experience in Technology Experience in Technology TransferTransfer
Project
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Components/SequenceComponents/Sequence– Problem identification
• Determination of current situation & analysis of real needs
– Access to & provision of technical information– Comparison of TiPs with BATs/benchmarks
• Project-level technology analysis & assessment
– Investment promotion– Matchmaking & negotiation of terms
• Preparations for contracts
– Transfer• Installation, training, operation, maintenance
– Diffusion
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Expert assessmentTechnology adviceBenchmarks &
baselinesTechnology
negotiationsPolicy adviceTraining Investment &
fundingAwareness raisingBasic information
service & referrals
Types of services?Types of services?
• through partners such as
Governmentagencies
ProcesstechnologistsManagement consultants
Business, trade &
commercial
AcademiaFinancial
housesNGOsInformation
specialists
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Problem IdentificationProblem Identification
• Visit industrial facilities &– Review processes & technologies– Walkthrough audit (energy use)– Collect background data– Determine problems & needs– Discuss with management
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Information ProvisionInformation Provision• Basic information
– General awareness– Environmental aspects of technologies– Management systems
• Referrals– Where to go; who to ask
• Techno-economic information* (next slide)
• Publications & dissemination– Hard & soft copy– Internet
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Data & information to Data & information to knowledgeknowledge
Plant data Process data Unit op. data
Tech suppliersBATs
ESTs
Case studies
Benchmark data
Baseline data
D-S tools & services
Decision-maker Audits,
measures,monitors
Process change, EST
References
Intermediaries
ActionsOptions
Current technologies
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Technology AssessmentTechnology Assessment
• Expert assessments of– Technologies currently used– Appropriateness of alternative technologies
considering following impacts• Technical• Economic• Environmental• Social
• Using tools such as– Identify: analysis of options– COMFAR: feasibility of project
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Identify...Identify...
• ...is a software package that helps its users answer two key questions:
– 1) To what extent can improved industrial technologies and practices reduce greenhouse-gas emissions in developing countries ?
– 2) What other impacts, such as costs, would result from the introduction of these technologies?
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
For a retrofit optionFor a retrofit option
Project
Benchmark dataBenchmark data
(energy efficient (energy efficient options)options)
Knowledge Knowledge of of
emissions emissions reductionreductionoptionsoptions
Energy auditEnergy audit
Application Application of Identifyof Identify
Enter data
Compute results
Baseline Baseline datadata
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Project
Baseline Baseline plantplant
Project
EfficientEfficientplantplant
Knowledge of Knowledge of options to avoidoptions to avoid
emissionsemissionsBusinessas
usual(estimate)
Benchmark(estimate)
Enter data Application Application of Identifyof Identify
Compute results
Energy efficient Energy efficient technology alternativetechnology alternative
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
UNIDO toolUNIDO tool
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Investment PromotionInvestment Promotion
• Development of project portfolio– Results of technology assessments
• Use of IDENTIFY & COMFAR
• Dissemination of portfolio– Investment Promotion Network
• Technology & investment events
• Matchmaking
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
NegotiationNegotiation
• Discussions on• Official bids & terms of transfer• Legal implications & risk apportionment• Deliverables• Financing
• Preparation of contracts• Licenses & concessions• Project agreements• Associated agreements• Financial packages
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
TransferTransfer
• Construction (if needed)
• Infrastructure development– Roads & utilities
• Installation of equipment
• Training of local staff
• Operation
• Maintenance
• Transfer
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Diffusion MechanismsDiffusion Mechanisms
• Pilot or demonstration plant– Plant visits– Monitoring of results vs. expectations
• Promotion of results through– National technology centres– Technical & public media– Publishing case studies– Presentations at meetings & conferences
• Replication– In-plant training
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
UNIDO servicesUNIDO services
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
UNIDO technology servicesUNIDO technology services• Technology centres
• solar, small hydro, hydrogen
• E&E technology networks• NCPC, ETAC, INECA, Africa CDM
• Technology negotiations• BOT (manuals & projects)• Manual on negotiations• Model contracts
• Technology assessment• Baseline methodology, IDENTIFY tool & database
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
UNIDO investment servicesUNIDO investment services
• 14 Investment Promotion Offices– identify & broker international partnerships– preparing projects for financing
• COMFAR– Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis
and Reporting – Training
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Strategic AlliancesStrategic Alliances
• Provide links to global sectoral & technological expertise such as through– COGEN Europe* (illustrative example)
– ETC, Netherlands– University of Oxford– Stockholm Environment Institute
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
– Minimize energy demand and consumption by optimizing processes, stopping waste and recycling heat (reducing energy GHGs)
– Target process improvements to minimize emissions of non-energy GHGs
– Use cogeneration* to supply heat and power to optimized processes
– Use auditing, corrective actions & target-setting to maintain improvements
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
AdvantagesAdvantages
Cogeneration Mode
Fuel Used Reduction in CO2
Reduction in SOx
Reduction in NOx
Coal 38% 55% 35%
Oil 22% 48% 50%
Natural Gas
36% 50% 50%
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
BarriersBarriers
• Lack of knowledge about technology and benefits
• Poor local availability
• Inability to synchronize with production process and with the grid
• Withdrawal of technical guarantee by suppliers in case of modification
• High initial investment costs
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
– Develop national strategies & policy frameworks
– Develop industrial energy efficiency programmes & projects
• Identify potential & prioritize sectors/measures
– Build capacity & encourage stakeholder involvement
• Develop institutional support• Access information on best practices,
standards, technology information• Training
ActionsActions
Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop
END!