to prove that the power set of n has a higher cardinal number than n we must show that it is not...

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Page 1: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between
Page 2: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N

we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one

correspondence between the two:

Imagine that all subsets of N are listed below:

,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

Page 3: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N

we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one

correspondence between the two:

,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

Now number them:

Page 4: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

The infinitely many natural numbers are listed here:

x is under a member

o is under a nonmember

Page 5: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

Page 6: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

Draw a diagonal

Suppose we have a numbered list of sets of natural numbers

Page 7: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

Page 8: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

Reverse the elements on the diagonal

Page 9: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

The green set is different from every set listed!

Page 10: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

The green set is different from set 1 because the first element is different

Page 11: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

The green set is different from set 2 because the second element is different

Page 12: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

The green set is different from set 3 because the third element is different

Page 13: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

The green set is different from set 4 because the fourth element is different

Page 14: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

For every k , the k th element in the green set differs from the k th element in the set numbered k. It is impossible to count the power set of the set of natural numbers!

Page 15: To prove that the power set of N has a higher cardinal number than N we must show that it is not possible to establish a one to one correspondence between

,5,4,3

,6,2,1

,6,5,4,2,16

,4,3,15

,6,5,3,14

,6,5,43

,6,5,22

,6,4,11

654321

oxxxoo

xoooxx

xxxoxx

ooxxox

xxoxox

xxxooo

xxooxo

xoxoox

tes

No matter how you try to line up the subsets on the right to count them,you can use this method to produce a set (like the green one) that is not on the list!