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To What Extent Are Health Indicators and Human Rights (HR) Indicators Compatible with Respect to HIV/AIDS Services for Injecting Drug Users (IDUs)September Johnson1 and Morgan DeVuyst2

ABSTRACTHIV/AIDS has a significant impact on the lives of individuals due to denial and violation of their rights. IDUs are more vulnerable due to discrimination and social stigma. By examining major treaties it was found that non-discrimination, economic accessibility and affordability are among missing HR principles. Using HR indicators, it can be determined where more effort is needed to prevent and help IDUs living with HIV/AIDS. Developing new HR-oriented HIV/AIDS indicators for IDUs can assist in determining the steps that need to be taken by States to exercise their obligations.

INDICATORS

WHY HIV & IDUS?HIV is highly stigmatized and PLHA face harsh discriminationIDUs face even more stigma and discrimination

• Especially when it comes to their health care• There is little to no acknowledgement of them in any

international documents• Often times they are criminalized, which adds to the lack

of realization of their rights

HEALTH AS HUMAN RIGHT UDHR (1948) states in Article 25: “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family”3

• Aspirational and non-binding

ICESCR Article 12 states “enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health”4

• General Comment 14 “the right to health includes riding discrimination in the healthcare system and health is a fundamental human right” 4

• Binding if states have signed and ratified

Type of Indicator

What it Measures Other Aspects

Quantitative1 Based on statistics    Qualitative1 Focuses on strategies, non-

numerical   

Structural2 Measure a state's commitment to human rights

   

Process2 Monitor progress being made toward a goal

Input Indicators:“financial, human, material, technological and information resources.”

Output Indicators: related to products and services.

Outcome2 Monitor short term effects of processesand outputs

   

Performance2 Track the changes/progress being made

   

Compliance2 Intend to capture adherence to standards and benchmarks

   

Practices aimed to reduce drug related harms

For example:• Providing clean needles, syringes, therapy,

condoms, • education• Health care workers also should be aware of drug

related harms and HRS that can help drug users realize their right to health

• When drug use is criminalized, there is even more harm created

HUMAN RIGHTS BASED APPROACH4

DISCUSSION: WHAT IS LACKING?Non-discriminationEconomic accessibility Underlying determinants of health

• Water, sanitation, shelter, etc. Cultural competency of health care workersDisaggregation of data

• Currently only on gender, age and type of drug

• Need to disaggregate by race, legal status, health status and marital status.

• This would give a better picture of the individual’s health situation

Equality gaps Free, prior, informed consent

REFERENCES1 OHCHR. Human Rights and Indicators: Rational and some concerns, In: Human Rights Indicators. A Guide to Measurement and Implementation. 2012, HR/PUB/12/5, 17 2 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Report on Indicators for Promoting and Monitoring the Implementation of Human Rights. International Human Rights Instruments. HRI/MC/2008/3, Geneva, 6 June 2008, Page 11 3 UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, 217 A (III), available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html [accessed 31 March 2016]4 UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, 3, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36c0.html [accessed 31 March 2015]5 UNFPA. "The Human Rights-Based Approach." United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA, n.d. 6 OHCHR. HR and Indicators: Rational and some concerns, In: HR Indicators. A Guide to Measurement and Implementation. 2012, HR/PUB/12/. 41

HARM REDUCTION5

Availability

Accessibility• Physical, financial, information, non-discrimination

Acceptability• cultural, ethical

Quality

Medically and scientifically accurate

Realization of other HR in order to make health as a human right plausible.

PRINCIPLES: CROSS CUTTING HR NORMS6

1 University at Albany, Undergraduate School of Public Health2 University at Albany, College of Arts and Sciences