TobaccoTobacco

Unit 9Unit 9

Bell ActivityBell Activity

Tobacco may be found in all of the Tobacco may be found in all of the following except:following except:

A. CigarettesA. Cigarettes

B. SnuffB. Snuff

C. DipC. Dip

D. AlcoholD. Alcohol

Health Goal # 25Health Goal # 25

I will avoid tobacco use.I will avoid tobacco use.

Tobacco UseTobacco Use

Tobacco use leads to disease and Tobacco use leads to disease and disability.disability.– Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, Smoking causes cancer, heart disease,

stroke, and lung diseases (including stroke, and lung diseases (including emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction).obstruction).

– For every person who dies from a smoking-For every person who dies from a smoking-related disease, 20 more people suffer with at related disease, 20 more people suffer with at least one serious illness from smoking.least one serious illness from smoking.

Tobacco use is the leading preventable Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.cause of death.– Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million

deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than 8 million deaths annually by use will cause more than 8 million deaths annually by 2030. 2030.

– In the United States, tobacco use is responsible for In the United States, tobacco use is responsible for about one in five deaths annually (i.e., about 443,000 about one in five deaths annually (i.e., about 443,000 deaths per year, and an estimated 49,000 of these deaths per year, and an estimated 49,000 of these tobacco-related deaths are the result of secondhand tobacco-related deaths are the result of secondhand smoke exposure). smoke exposure).

– On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers.nonsmokers.

The cigarette industry spends billions The cigarette industry spends billions each year on advertising and each year on advertising and promotions.promotions.– $12.5 billion total spent in 2006 $12.5 billion total spent in 2006 – $34 million spent a day in 2006$34 million spent a day in 2006

Tobacco use costs the United States Tobacco use costs the United States billions of dollars each year.billions of dollars each year.– Cigarette smoking costs more than $193 Cigarette smoking costs more than $193

billion (i.e., $97 billion in lost productivity plus billion (i.e., $97 billion in lost productivity plus $96 billion in health care expenditures). $96 billion in health care expenditures).

– Secondhand smoke costs more than $10 Secondhand smoke costs more than $10 billion (i.e., health care expenditures, billion (i.e., health care expenditures, morbidity, and mortality).morbidity, and mortality).

PercentagesPercentages

Percentage of U.S. adults who were Percentage of U.S. adults who were current smokers in 2009:current smokers in 2009:– 20.6% of all adults (46.6 million people) 20.6% of all adults (46.6 million people) – 21.3% of African American adults 21.3% of African American adults – 23.2% of American Indian/Alaska Native 23.2% of American Indian/Alaska Native

adults adults – 12.0% of Asian American adults 12.0% of Asian American adults – 14.5% of Hispanic adults 14.5% of Hispanic adults – 22.1% of white adults22.1% of white adults

StoppingStopping

Many adult smokers want or try to quit Many adult smokers want or try to quit smoking.smoking.– Approximately 70% of smokers want to quit Approximately 70% of smokers want to quit

completely. completely. – Approximately 45% of smokers attempted to Approximately 45% of smokers attempted to

quit in 2008.quit in 2008.

It is harmful!It is harmful!

Smoking harms nearly every organ of the Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. body.

Smoking causes many diseases and Smoking causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in general. reduces the health of smokers in general.

Smoking causes death…Smoking causes death…

The adverse health effects from cigarette smoking The adverse health effects from cigarette smoking account for an estimated 443,000 deaths, or nearly one account for an estimated 443,000 deaths, or nearly one of every five deaths, each year in the United States.2,3 of every five deaths, each year in the United States.2,3 More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by all deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), by all deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined.2,4 suicides, and murders combined.2,4 Smoking causes an estimated 90% of all lung cancer Smoking causes an estimated 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of all lung cancer deaths in deaths in men and 80% of all lung cancer deaths in women.1 women.1 An estimated 90% of all deaths from chronic obstructive An estimated 90% of all deaths from chronic obstructive lung disease are caused by smokinglung disease are caused by smoking

Compared with nonsmokers, smoking is Compared with nonsmokers, smoking is estimated to increase the risk of—estimated to increase the risk of—

coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times,1,5 coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times,1,5

stroke by 2 to 4 times,1,6 stroke by 2 to 4 times,1,6

men developing lung cancer by 23 times,1 men developing lung cancer by 23 times,1

women developing lung cancer by 13 women developing lung cancer by 13 times,1 and times,1 and

dying from chronic obstructive lung dying from chronic obstructive lung diseases (such as chronic bronchitis and diseases (such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema) by 12 to 13 times.emphysema) by 12 to 13 times.

Smoking & Cardiovascular DiseaseSmoking & Cardiovascular Disease

Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States.1 cause of death in the United States.1 Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels (arteries) and puts smokers narrowing the blood vessels (arteries) and puts smokers at risk of developing peripheral vascular disease (i.e., at risk of developing peripheral vascular disease (i.e., obstruction of the large arteries in the arms and legs that obstruction of the large arteries in the arms and legs that can cause a range of problems from pain to tissue loss can cause a range of problems from pain to tissue loss or gangrene).1,7 or gangrene).1,7 Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm (i.e., a Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm (i.e., a swelling or weakening of the main artery of the body—swelling or weakening of the main artery of the body—the aorta—where it runs through the abdomen).the aorta—where it runs through the abdomen).

Smoking & Respiratory DiseaseSmoking & Respiratory Disease

Smoking causes lung cancer.Smoking causes lung cancer.

Smoking causes lung diseases (e.g., Smoking causes lung diseases (e.g., emphysema, bronchitis, chronic airway emphysema, bronchitis, chronic airway obstruction) by damaging the airways and obstruction) by damaging the airways and alveoli (i.e., small air sacs) of the lungs.alveoli (i.e., small air sacs) of the lungs.

Smoking and CancerSmoking and Cancer

Smoking causes the following cancers:Smoking causes the following cancers:– Acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia – Bladder cancer Bladder cancer – Cancer of the cervix Cancer of the cervix – Cancer of the esophagus Cancer of the esophagus – Kidney cancer Kidney cancer – Cancer of the larynx (voice box) Cancer of the larynx (voice box) – Lung cancer Lung cancer – Cancer of the oral cavity (mouth) Cancer of the oral cavity (mouth) – Cancer of the pharynx (throat) Cancer of the pharynx (throat) – Stomach cancer Stomach cancer – Cancer of the uterusCancer of the uterus

Smoking & Other Health EffectsSmoking & Other Health Effects

Smoking has many adverse Smoking has many adverse reproductive and early childhood reproductive and early childhood effects, including increased risk for—effects, including increased risk for—– infertility, infertility, – preterm delivery, preterm delivery, – stillbirth, stillbirth, – low birth weight, and low birth weight, and – sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Adverse health effects…Adverse health effects…

Smoking is associated with the Smoking is associated with the following adverse health effects:following adverse health effects:– Postmenopausal women who smoke have Postmenopausal women who smoke have

lower bone density than women who never lower bone density than women who never smoked. smoked.

– Women who smoke have an increased risk for Women who smoke have an increased risk for hip fracture than women who never smoked.hip fracture than women who never smoked.

AssignmentAssignment

Write a short essay (one paragraph) on Write a short essay (one paragraph) on how tobacco can negatively affect how tobacco can negatively affect someone’s life.someone’s life.

Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Bell Activity – Choose the Bell Activity – Choose the best answerbest answer

Second hand smoke is:Second hand smoke is:A. Harmful, no matter how long you are A. Harmful, no matter how long you are exposed.exposed.B. Harmful if you are exposed for an hour B. Harmful if you are exposed for an hour or longer.or longer.C. Harmful if you are exposed every day C. Harmful if you are exposed every day for a week.for a week.D. Harmful if you are exposed for a long D. Harmful if you are exposed for a long amount of time.amount of time.

Health Goal # 26Health Goal # 26

I will avoid second hand smoke.I will avoid second hand smoke.

Second Hand SmokeSecond Hand Smoke

Secondhand smoke is a mixture of gases Secondhand smoke is a mixture of gases and fine particles that includes—and fine particles that includes—Smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, or Smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe tippipe tipSmoke that has been exhaled or breathed Smoke that has been exhaled or breathed out by the person or people smoking, and1 out by the person or people smoking, and1 More than 7,000 chemicals, including More than 7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer.can cause cancer.

Where does it happen?Where does it happen?

Most exposure to secondhand smoke Most exposure to secondhand smoke occurs in homes and workplaces. occurs in homes and workplaces.

Secondhand smoke exposure also Secondhand smoke exposure also continues to occur in public places such as continues to occur in public places such as restaurants, bars, and casinos and in restaurants, bars, and casinos and in private vehicles. private vehicles.

In children, secondhand smoke causes In children, secondhand smoke causes the following:the following:

Ear infections Ear infections More frequent and severe asthma attacks More frequent and severe asthma attacks Respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing, Respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing, sneezing, shortness of breath) sneezing, shortness of breath) Respiratory infections (i.e., bronchitis, Respiratory infections (i.e., bronchitis, pneumonia) pneumonia) A greater risk for sudden infant death A greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)syndrome (SIDS)

In children aged 18 months or younger, In children aged 18 months or younger, secondhand smoke exposure is secondhand smoke exposure is responsible for—responsible for—

an estimated 150,000–300,000 new cases an estimated 150,000–300,000 new cases of bronchitis and pneumonia annually, and of bronchitis and pneumonia annually, and

approximately 7,500–15,000 approximately 7,500–15,000 hospitalizations annually in the United hospitalizations annually in the United StatesStates

Heart DiseaseHeart Disease

For nonsmokers, breathing secondhand For nonsmokers, breathing secondhand smoke has immediate harmful effects on smoke has immediate harmful effects on the cardiovascular system that can the cardiovascular system that can increase the risk for heart attack. increase the risk for heart attack.

People who already have heart disease People who already have heart disease are at especially high risk.are at especially high risk.

Cont’d…Cont’d…

Nonsmokers who are exposed to Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work secondhand smoke at home or work increase their heart disease risk by 25–increase their heart disease risk by 25–30%.30%.

Secondhand smoke exposure causes an Secondhand smoke exposure causes an estimated 46,000 heart disease deaths estimated 46,000 heart disease deaths annually among adult nonsmokers in the annually among adult nonsmokers in the United States United States

Lung Cancer and SmokeLung Cancer and Smoke

Nonsmokers who are exposed to Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work secondhand smoke at home or work increase their lung cancer risk by 20–30%.increase their lung cancer risk by 20–30%.

Secondhand smoke exposure causes an Secondhand smoke exposure causes an estimated 3,400 lung cancer deaths estimated 3,400 lung cancer deaths annually among adult nonsmokers in the annually among adult nonsmokers in the United States.United States.

Did you know?Did you know?

There is no risk-free level of contact There is no risk-free level of contact with secondhand smoke; even brief with secondhand smoke; even brief exposure can be harmful to health.exposure can be harmful to health.

What happens?What happens?

When a nonsmoker breathes in secondhand When a nonsmoker breathes in secondhand smoke, the body begins to metabolize or break smoke, the body begins to metabolize or break down the nicotine that was in the smoke. down the nicotine that was in the smoke.

During this process, a nicotine byproduct called During this process, a nicotine byproduct called cotinine is created. cotinine is created.

Exposure to nicotine and secondhand smoke Exposure to nicotine and secondhand smoke can be measured by testing saliva, urine, or can be measured by testing saliva, urine, or blood for the presence of cotinine. blood for the presence of cotinine.

Getting AwayGetting Away

Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces is the only way to fully protect is the only way to fully protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke nonsmokers from secondhand smoke exposure. exposure.

Separating smokers from nonsmokers, Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings does not eliminate buildings does not eliminate secondhand smoke exposure.secondhand smoke exposure.

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

The two main types of smokeless tobacco The two main types of smokeless tobacco in the United States are chewing tobacco in the United States are chewing tobacco and snuff.and snuff.

Smokeless tobacco is Smokeless tobacco is notnot a safe a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.alternative to smoking cigarettes.

Smokeless tobacco use can cause cancer, Smokeless tobacco use can cause cancer, oral health problems, and nicotine oral health problems, and nicotine addiction addiction

SnuffSnuff

Although some forms of snuff can be used by Although some forms of snuff can be used by sniffing or inhaling into the nose, most sniffing or inhaling into the nose, most smokeless tobacco users place the product smokeless tobacco users place the product between their gum and cheek.between their gum and cheek.

Users suck or chew on the tobacco, and saliva Users suck or chew on the tobacco, and saliva can be spat out or swallowed. can be spat out or swallowed.

The tobacco industry has also developed newer The tobacco industry has also developed newer smokeless tobacco products such as lozenges, smokeless tobacco products such as lozenges, tablets, tabs, strips, and sticks tablets, tabs, strips, and sticks

Health EffectsHealth Effects

CancerCancer– Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-

causing agents (carcinogens).causing agents (carcinogens).– Smokeless tobacco is a known cause of Smokeless tobacco is a known cause of

human cancer; it increases the risk of human cancer; it increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity.developing cancer of the oral cavity.

Oral HealthOral Health

Smokeless tobacco is also strongly Smokeless tobacco is also strongly associated with leukoplakia—a associated with leukoplakia—a precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off. plaque that cannot be scraped off. Smokeless tobacco is associated with Smokeless tobacco is associated with recession of the gums, gum disease, and recession of the gums, gum disease, and tooth decay.tooth decay.

Nicotine AddictionNicotine Addiction

Smokeless tobacco use can lead to Smokeless tobacco use can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence.nicotine addiction and dependence.

Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette are more likely to become cigarette smokerssmokers

NOT SAFE!NOT SAFE!

Smokeless tobacco is not a safe Smokeless tobacco is not a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes.substitute for smoking cigarettes.

DiscussionDiscussion

How does smokeless tobacco affect a How does smokeless tobacco affect a person?person?

Why is second hand smoke harmful?Why is second hand smoke harmful?

Lesson 3 Lesson 3 Bell ActivityBell Activity

Tobacco use is:Tobacco use is:

A. HarmfulA. Harmful

B. Illegal for anyone younger than 18B. Illegal for anyone younger than 18

C. Not coolC. Not cool

D. All of the aboveD. All of the above

Health Goal # 27Health Goal # 27

I will not succumb to advertisements that I will not succumb to advertisements that are geared toward my age group when are geared toward my age group when dealing with tobacco.dealing with tobacco.

The Truth The Truth

The Truth About TobaccoThe Truth About Tobacco