today: and. cb 42.5 mammals have two ciculatory circuits: pulmonary and systemic
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CB 42.14
Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on the venous side. This interstitial fluid is collected by the lymphatic system.
CB 42.10
Because of the low pressure in veins and lymph vessels, movement of these fluids comes from skeletal muscles movements.
CB 42.28
hemoglobin
Hb is carriedinside red blood cells Hemoglobin
(a protein) carries oxygen in the blood
CellBlood
Lung
CO2
O2CellularRespiration
Hb in RBC
CO2
O2
Hb in RBC
Low CO2High O2
CO2+H2O=H2CO3(carbonic acid)
(lesscarbonic acid)
CB 42.30
CellBlood
Lung
CO2
O2CellularRespiration
Hb releasesO2 at lower pH
CO2
O2Hb canbind O2
Low CO2High O2
CO2+H2O=H2CO3(carbonic acid)
(lesscarbonic acid)
CB 42.30
Female grizzly bears cannot reproduce while lactating. Therefore they can only
reproduce every once every 3 years…
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
height (in.) weight (lbs.)
malefemale
Average height/weight by sex in U.S.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Grizzly Bear Gorilla Orangutan Bonobo Chimpanzee Human
Ratio of Weight Male/Female
M/F
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Grizzly Bear Gorilla Orangutan Bonobo Chimpanzee Human
Ratio of Weight Male/Female
M/F
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
gorilla orangutan human chimpanzee
Testes Compared to Overall WeightT
esti
cle
size
(oz
) pe
r bo
dy w
eigh
t (lb
s)
The Measurement of Sexual Selection Using Bateman’s Principles: An Experimental Test in the Sex-Role-Reversed Pipefish Syngnathus typhle (2005)Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45:874–884Adam G. Jones, Gunilla Rosenqvist, Anders Berglund, and John C. Avise
Jones et al. Fig. 1
freq
uenc
y
number of mates
When there are more females than males, many females cannot mate.
freq
uenc
y
number of matesJones et al. Fig. 1
When the sex ratio is even, most males and females mate.
freq
uenc
y
number of matesJones et al. Fig. 1
When there are more males than females, most males can mate.
Jones et al. Fig. 1
The sex ratio affects who will successfully reproduce. Pipefish females are more affected by competition.
num
ber
of in
divi
dual
s
body length (mm)Jones et al. Fig. 4
Excess females: only medium size females can mate(This is some additional info about pipefish that was NOT covered in class)
num
ber
of in
divi
dual
s
body length (mm)Jones et al. Fig. 4
Excess males: many different size males can mate(This is some additional info about pipefish that was NOT covered in class)
Jones et al. Fig. 4
medium sized female pipefish are most successful at reproducing while size is less critical for male pipefish
(This is some additional info about pipefish that was NOT covered in class)