today we will solve simple problems involving the subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers
DESCRIPTION
Today we will solve simple problems involving the subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers. Solve=work out Simple=easy. In 3 rd and 4 th grade, you learned how to subtract fractions like:. 2/3 -1/3= 1/3 5 2 6 6. 3 6. =. -. Parts of a Fraction. 3. = the number of parts. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Today we will solve simple Today we will solve simple problems involving the problems involving the
subtraction of fractions and subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers.mixed numbers.
Solve=work outSolve=work out
Simple=easySimple=easy
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In 3In 3rdrd and 4 and 4thth grade, you grade, you learned how to subtract learned how to subtract fractions like:fractions like:
2/3 -1/3= 1/32/3 -1/3= 1/3
5 5 2 2
6 6 6 6 =-
36
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Parts of a FractionParts of a Fraction
3
4
= the number of parts
= the total number of parts that equal a whole
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Parts of a FractionParts of a Fraction
3
4
= numerator
= denominator
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Which number is circled?Which number is circled?
3
4 = denominator
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Which number is circled?Which number is circled?
3
4
= numerator
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¾ looks like¾ looks like
1/43
4 1/4
1/4
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¾ looks like¾ looks like
1/43
4 1/4
1/4
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¾ looks like¾ looks like
3
4
1/4
1/4
1/4
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Mixed NumberMixed Number
A mixed number has a part A mixed number has a part that is a whole number and that is a whole number and a part that is a fraction.a part that is a fraction.
= 1 34
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What is the mixed What is the mixed number?number?
= 3 34
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What is the mixed What is the mixed number?number?
= 4 34
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What is the mixed What is the mixed number?number?
= 5 12
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Common MultipleCommon Multiple
A number that is a A number that is a multiple of two or more multiple of two or more numbers.numbers.
Some multiples of 4 & 6
12, 24, 36
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Least Common MultipleLeast Common Multiple
The smallest common The smallest common multiple of a set of two or multiple of a set of two or more numbers.more numbers.
6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48
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Subtracting Like Subtracting Like DenominatorsDenominators
1/444
1/4
1/414
34
1/4
- =
Only subtract the numerators
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Subtract these Subtract these fractionsfractions
1/5
1/51/5
1/5
45
15
- =35
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Subtract these Subtract these fractionsfractions
1/4
1/4
1/434
14
- =24
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It’s important to know how It’s important to know how to add fractions because…to add fractions because…
It will be on the CST’s!
How else will you know how to share your pizza with your techer?
Why else is it important?
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Shortcut for Finding the Least Shortcut for Finding the Least Common Denominator or Least Common Denominator or Least
Common MultipleCommon Multiple
1319-
Check to see if the smaller denominator divides evenly into the larger denominator.If it does, use the larger denominator for your LCD or LCM.
3 will divide evenly into 9, so 9 is your LCD or LCM.
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Find the multiples of Find the multiples of each denominator.each denominator.
1= 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
1= 10, 20, 30, 40, 50-
5
10
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Compare the lists of multiples. Compare the lists of multiples. Circle the common multiples Circle the common multiples between the two lists.between the two lists.
15 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 301
10 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50-
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Use the lowest common Use the lowest common multiple as the denominator.multiple as the denominator.
15 = 5, 10, 15 ,20 ,25 ,301
10 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50-
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
This number is also called the This number is also called the least common denominator.least common denominator.
15 = 5, 10, 15 ,20 ,25 ,301
10 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50-
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Rewrite the fractions using Rewrite the fractions using the least common denominator the least common denominator or least common multiple.or least common multiple.
151
10 -
10
10
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Find the equivalent fractions Find the equivalent fractions for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the denominator.denominator.
151
10 -
10
10
You know that 1/10 is equal to 1/10 so
Put a 1 over theBottom 10.
1
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Find the equivalent fractions Find the equivalent fractions for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the denominator.denominator.
151
10 -
10
10
To find the topnumber, ask yourselfwhat do you multiply
the 5 by to get 10.1
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Find the equivalent fractions Find the equivalent fractions for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the denominator.denominator.
151
10 -
10
10
That’s right 2. Sinceyou are looking for
the equivalent fractionyou know the top
number must also bemultiplied by 2.
1x 2 =x 2 =
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Find the equivalent fractions Find the equivalent fractions for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the for 1/5 & 1/10 with 10 as the denominator.denominator.
151
10 -
10
10
To find the top numberjust multiply 2 x 1 toget your equivalent
fraction.1x 2 =x 2 = 2
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To Subtract Fractions With To Subtract Fractions With Unlike DenominatorsUnlike Denominators
Now just add the Now just add the numerators.numerators.1
51
10 -
10
10
Remember whensubtracting
fractions you never subtract the
denominators.
1x 2 =x 2 = 2
101
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
1218-
Use the shortcut to find the
Least CommonDenominator
(LCD).
8
8
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
1218-
Now find theequivalent
fractions for1/2 & 1/8.
8
8x 1 =
x 4 =
Ask what do you multiply 2 by to get 8and what do you multiply 8 by to get 8.
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
1218-
Since you arewriting equivalent
fractions, nowmultiply the topnumbers by the
same number you did in the bottom.
8
8x 1 =
x 4 =x 1 =
x 4 =
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
1218-
Now multiplyacross.
8
8x 1 =
x 4 =x 1 =
x 4 =
1
4
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
1218-
Subtractyour new
numerators.
8
8x 1 =
x 4 =x 1 =
x 4 =
1
4
38
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
2513-
Find the common
Multiples for5 and 3. WriteThis numberAs your newdenominator.
15
15
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
2513-
Ask yourselfwhat you
multiply thebottom number
by to get 15.
15
15x 5 =
x 3 =
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
2513-
Multiply thetop numberby the samenumber you
did in thebottom.
15
15x 5 =
x 3 =x 5 =
x 3 =
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
2513-
Multiplyacross.
15
15x 5 =
x 3 =x 5 =
x 3 =
5
6
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
2513-
Now subtractyour new
numerators.15
15x 5 =
x 3 =x 5 =
x 3 =
5
6
115
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
5618-
24
24x 3 =
x 4 =x 3 =
x 4 =
3
20
1724
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
2319-
9
9x 1 =
x 3 =x 1 =
x 3 =
1
6
59
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Subtract these FractionsSubtract these Fractions
4523-
15
15x 5 =
x 3 =x 5 =
x 3 =
10
12
215
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What did you learn?What did you learn?
•Solve=to work it out•Subtracting fractions with the same denominator I just subtract the numerator and the denominator stays the same.•What happens when I want to subtract fractions with different denominators?