tokens of trust: an introduction to christian belief 3. a man for all seasons (and in jesus christ...

Tokens of Trust:Tokens of Trust:An Introduction to Christian An Introduction to Christian

BeliefBelief

3. A Man for All Seasons3. A Man for All Seasons(and in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord)(and in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord)

Sunday, February 8, 200910 to 10:50 am, in the Parlor

Presenter: David Monyak

Primary Primary ReferenceReference

Tokens of Trust: Tokens of Trust: An Introduction An Introduction to Christian to Christian BeliefBelief,, Rowan Rowan Williams, Williams, Westminister John Westminister John Knox Press, Knox Press, Louisville, Louisville, London, 2007London, 2007

The Most Revd. Rowan Williams is the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury. He was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral on 27th February 2003

Born 1950 Born 1950 Studied theology at CambridgeStudied theology at Cambridge DPhil at Oxford 1975DPhil at Oxford 1975 Priest 1978Priest 1978 1977 to 1992: taught theology at 1977 to 1992: taught theology at

Cambridge and OxfordCambridge and Oxford 1986: Lady Margaret 1986: Lady Margaret

Professorship of Divinity at the Professorship of Divinity at the University of OxfordUniversity of Oxford

1991: Bishop of Monmouth in 1991: Bishop of Monmouth in Anglican Church of WalesAnglican Church of Wales

1999: Archbishop of Wales1999: Archbishop of Wales Dec 2002: confirmed as the 104th Dec 2002: confirmed as the 104th

bishop of the See of Canterburybishop of the See of Canterbury Considered by many the best Considered by many the best

Protestant theologian in the world Protestant theologian in the world todaytoday

Also a noted poet and translator Also a noted poet and translator of Welsh poetryof Welsh poetry

Tokens of TrustTokens of TrustAn Introduction to Christian BeliefAn Introduction to Christian Belief

Jan 25.Jan 25. Who Can We Trust? Who Can We Trust? (I believe in God the Father (I believe in God the Father almighty) almighty)

Feb 1:Feb 1: The Risk of Love The Risk of Love (maker of heaven and earth)(maker of heaven and earth)

Feb 8:Feb 8: A Man for All Seasons A Man for All Seasons (and in (and in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord) Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord)

Feb 15:Feb 15: The Peace Dividend The Peace Dividend (He suffered and was buried, (He suffered and was buried, and the third day he rose again)and the third day he rose again)

Feb 22:Feb 22: God in Company God in Company (And I believe in one catholic and (And I believe in one catholic and apostolic Church) apostolic Church)

Mar 1:Mar 1: Love, Actually Love, Actually (I look for the resurrection of the (I look for the resurrection of the dead) dead)

Almighty God, you have given your only-Almighty God, you have given your only-begotten Son to take our nature upon him, begotten Son to take our nature upon him, and to be born of a pure virgin: Grant that and to be born of a pure virgin: Grant that we, who have been born again and made we, who have been born again and made your children by adoption and grace, may your children by adoption and grace, may daily be renewed by your Holy Spirit; daily be renewed by your Holy Spirit; through our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom through our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom with you and the same Spirit be honor and with you and the same Spirit be honor and glory, now and for ever.glory, now and for ever. Collect for Christmas Day, Book of Common Prayer, p. 213Collect for Christmas Day, Book of Common Prayer, p. 213

This Week:This Week:3. A Man for All Seasons3. A Man for All Seasons

(and in Jesus Christ(and in Jesus Christhis only Son our Lord)his only Son our Lord)

The Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of God

The Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of GodAn Astounding ClaimAn Astounding Claim

““For in him all the fullness of God was For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell …”pleased to dwell …”

(NRSV Colossians 1:19)(NRSV Colossians 1:19)

How on earth did such a claim come to be made How on earth did such a claim come to be made about Jesus?about Jesus?

In the Jewish world of Jesus’ day, many of people In the Jewish world of Jesus’ day, many of people were thought to be divinely anointed messengers of were thought to be divinely anointed messengers of renewal – but none attracted this kind of language renewal – but none attracted this kind of language

The Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of God Breaking InThe Kingdom of God Breaking In

Jesus stressed in his teachings:Jesus stressed in his teachings: the kingly rule of God was about to arrive and the kingly rule of God was about to arrive and

break into the human worldbreak into the human world To become a citizen of this new kingdom ruled by To become a citizen of this new kingdom ruled by

God, simply say “yes” to what Jesus was saying God, simply say “yes” to what Jesus was saying and offeringand offering

Your life will begin to transform, and reveal to the Your life will begin to transform, and reveal to the world a foretaste of God’s ruleworld a foretaste of God’s rule

The Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of God Breaking InThe Kingdom of God Breaking In

The Beatitudes (“blessed are …” 5The Beatitudes (“blessed are …” 5 thth chapter of chapter of Matthew) tell us about the transformed lives of Matthew) tell us about the transformed lives of the citizens of this new kingdom. They are the citizens of this new kingdom. They are lives that display:lives that display: dependence on God’s goodnessdependence on God’s goodness forgivenessforgiveness single-mindednesssingle-mindedness longing for peace and for justicelonging for peace and for justice patience under attackpatience under attack

The Kingdom of GodThe Kingdom of GodBelonging to God’s PeopleBelonging to God’s People

Different Jewish groups had different ideas Different Jewish groups had different ideas about who belonged to God’s People:about who belonged to God’s People: Those who are obedient to the sacrificial laws, and Those who are obedient to the sacrificial laws, and

the rules of the priestly class, orthe rules of the priestly class, or Those who obey all the details of the oral law, orThose who obey all the details of the oral law, or Those who isolate themselves in the desert from a Those who isolate themselves in the desert from a

corrupt world in order to live communal lives of corrupt world in order to live communal lives of strict puritystrict purity

Jesus’ radical claim: You will belong to God’s Jesus’ radical claim: You will belong to God’s people if you accept people if you accept mymy promise and invitation promise and invitation


This claim by Jesus – You will belong to This claim by Jesus – You will belong to God’s people if you accept God’s people if you accept Jesus’Jesus’ promise and promise and invitation – was not only radical, but invitation – was not only radical, but seemingly seemingly blasphemousblasphemous. .

Jewish scripture repeatedly stresses Israel was Jewish scripture repeatedly stresses Israel was God’s people only because God had chosen it God’s people only because God had chosen it – because of – because of God’sGod’s promise and invitationpromise and invitation


This claim by Jesus – You will belong to This claim by Jesus – You will belong to God’s people if you accept God’s people if you accept Jesus’Jesus’ promise and promise and invitationinvitation – was not only radical, but – was not only radical, but seemingly seemingly blasphemousblasphemous. .

Jewish scripture repeatedly stresses Israel was Jewish scripture repeatedly stresses Israel was God’s people only because God had chosen it God’s people only because God had chosen it – because of – because of God’sGod’s promise and invitation promise and invitation

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of God

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of GodAdoption Into God’s FamilyAdoption Into God’s Family

But there’s more.But there’s more. Accepting Jesus’ promise and invitation did Accepting Jesus’ promise and invitation did

not merely make you a “citizen” of God’s not merely make you a “citizen” of God’s kingdom, a “member” of God’s people.kingdom, a “member” of God’s people.

When Jesus’ disciples asked him how they When Jesus’ disciples asked him how they should pray, Jesus told them to begin with should pray, Jesus told them to begin with “Our Father …”“Our Father …”

That is: we are not just citizens living under That is: we are not just citizens living under the new government of God; the new government of God; we are adopted we are adopted into God's intimate familyinto God's intimate family..

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of GodNot Merely a TeacherNot Merely a Teacher

Such claims by Jesus were politically and Such claims by Jesus were politically and religiously religiously explosiveexplosive.. The suggestion of some that Jesus was just a The suggestion of some that Jesus was just a

wonderful teacher who “went to Jerusalem to wonderful teacher who “went to Jerusalem to deliver a course of lectures on the Fatherhood of deliver a course of lectures on the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man (motherhood and God and the Brotherhood of Man (motherhood and apple pie, as it were), and met with an unfortunate apple pie, as it were), and met with an unfortunate miscarriage of justice” simply doesn’t wash. miscarriage of justice” simply doesn’t wash.


Jesus’ words and actions did not engender Jesus’ words and actions did not engender many comments like:many comments like: ““How interesting!”How interesting!”

But far more often:But far more often: ““How dare he!”How dare he!” ““What on earth are we dealing with?”What on earth are we dealing with?”


His disciples ask:His disciples ask: Who is this that even the winds and the waves Who is this that even the winds and the waves

obey him?obey him? His enemies ask:His enemies ask:

Who is this who forgives sins?” (Only God can Who is this who forgives sins?” (Only God can forgive sins)forgive sins)

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of GodAn Angelic Power?An Angelic Power?

Very early on, Jesus’ followers began to use Very early on, Jesus’ followers began to use extravagant language as they struggled to extravagant language as they struggled to understand what they were dealing with.understand what they were dealing with.

There was speculation in Jesus’ day of angelic There was speculation in Jesus’ day of angelic powers who were granted a share in the glory powers who were granted a share in the glory of God. of God. In Hebrews, Paul’s letters, and John’s Revelation In Hebrews, Paul’s letters, and John’s Revelation

you can find some imagery of this sort used to you can find some imagery of this sort used to describe Jesus.describe Jesus.

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of GodMore Than an Angelic PowerMore Than an Angelic Power

But writer after writer in the New Testament clearly But writer after writer in the New Testament clearly felt the need to go beyond this language of angelic felt the need to go beyond this language of angelic powers:powers:He is the reflection of God's glory and the He is the reflection of God's glory and the exact imprint of God's very being, and he exact imprint of God's very being, and he sustains all things by his powerful word. sustains all things by his powerful word. When he had made purification for sins, he When he had made purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much superior to high, having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirsexcellent than theirs. (Hebrews 1:3-4 NRSV). (Hebrews 1:3-4 NRSV)

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of GodLORD JesusLORD Jesus

Before Jesus’ followers found some Before Jesus’ followers found some philosophical concepts and terms to express philosophical concepts and terms to express who Jesus was, their hearts and imaginations who Jesus was, their hearts and imaginations had already reached a conclusion.had already reached a conclusion.

When Stephen, the first Christian martyr dies, When Stephen, the first Christian martyr dies, he prays he prays ““LORDLORD Jesus, receive my Jesus, receive my spirit”spirit” (Acts 7:59 NRSV) (Acts 7:59 NRSV) In the Hebrew scriptures, “LORD” was substituted In the Hebrew scriptures, “LORD” was substituted

for the proper name of God, which was too holy to for the proper name of God, which was too holy to be spokenbe spoken

All the Fullness of GodAll the Fullness of GodLORD JesusLORD Jesus

Within a time period of 30 years or less after his Within a time period of 30 years or less after his death, Jesus is spoken of as though he were death, Jesus is spoken of as though he were completely with God, able to do what God does, and completely with God, able to do what God does, and so correctly addressed as if he were Godso correctly addressed as if he were God

From the hymn in Philippians 2:6-11 (PrePauline; From the hymn in Philippians 2:6-11 (PrePauline; may have dated to the late 30’s), we have:may have dated to the late 30’s), we have:… … at the name of Jesus every knee should at the name of Jesus every knee should bend, in heaven and on earth and under the bend, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue should confess that earth, and every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is LORD, to the glory of God the Jesus Christ is LORD, to the glory of God the Father.Father. (Philippians 2:10-11 NRSV) (Philippians 2:10-11 NRSV)

A God of Relationship, A God of Relationship, Inner MovementInner Movement

Relationship, Inner MovementRelationship, Inner MovementJesus’ Relationship with the FatherJesus’ Relationship with the Father

In Jesus we see:In Jesus we see: divine purpose, power, and actiondivine purpose, power, and action

but also:but also: humility, responsiveness, receptivityhumility, responsiveness, receptivity

Jesus prays to his Father and puts his will and Jesus prays to his Father and puts his will and his decisions at the service of his Father. his decisions at the service of his Father. He is in a relationship of He is in a relationship of dependence dependence on the one he on the one he

prays to as Father prays to as Father

Relationship, Inner MovementRelationship, Inner MovementA Flowing Out and Reflecting BackA Flowing Out and Reflecting Back

Therefore, if Jesus is God, then our concept of “God” Therefore, if Jesus is God, then our concept of “God” must include more than:must include more than: power and initiative.power and initiative.

It must also include:It must also include: receiving, reflecting back in love and gratitudereceiving, reflecting back in love and gratitude

God as Father and as God as Jesus suggests God’s God as Father and as God as Jesus suggests God’s love is:love is: both a giving and receiving,both a giving and receiving, both a flowing out and reflecting back,both a flowing out and reflecting back, both an initiative and a dependingboth an initiative and a depending

““God” is not the life of a heavenly individual on his God” is not the life of a heavenly individual on his own, but mysteriously, a life involving relationship own, but mysteriously, a life involving relationship and inner movement and differentiation.and inner movement and differentiation.

Relationship, Inner MovementRelationship, Inner MovementA Flowing Out and Reflecting BackA Flowing Out and Reflecting Back

When Jesus as a “Son” turns towards his Father, he When Jesus as a “Son” turns towards his Father, he mysteriously embodies a divine, “reflecting back” mysteriously embodies a divine, “reflecting back” response of love to the divine “flowing out” initiative response of love to the divine “flowing out” initiative of love from the Father.of love from the Father.

This “twofold” movement within God would seem to This “twofold” movement within God would seem to be part of the eternal nature of God.be part of the eternal nature of God.

Implication: Implication: Jesus, the “Son” of God, did not begin when Jesus was Jesus, the “Son” of God, did not begin when Jesus was

born in ~4 B.C., but born in ~4 B.C., but always was and isalways was and is, part of the , part of the relationship, inner movement, and differentiation, within relationship, inner movement, and differentiation, within the life of the eternal God.the life of the eternal God.

Relationship, Inner MovementRelationship, Inner MovementThe Eternal The Eternal LogosLogos of God Made Flesh of God Made Flesh

So in John’s gospel (the oral tradition of a community of So in John’s gospel (the oral tradition of a community of Jesus’ followers written down some 60 years, at most 70 Jesus’ followers written down some 60 years, at most 70 years, after Jesus’ crucifixion), we read:years, after Jesus’ crucifixion), we read:

John 1:1-3, 14: John 1:1-3, 14: In the beginning was the Word*, and In the beginning was the Word*, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing being through him, and without him not one thing came into being. ... And the Word became flesh and came into being. ... And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father's only son, full of grace and truth.glory as of a father's only son, full of grace and truth. (NRSV)(NRSV) *Word: the Greek *Word: the Greek LogosLogos, God’s “word” = God’s mind and purpose , God’s “word” = God’s mind and purpose

made manifest = God’s living energy streaming out from himmade manifest = God’s living energy streaming out from him

Relationship, Inner MovementRelationship, Inner MovementLiving In God’s ImageLiving In God’s Image

This picture of God’s life involving receiving as well This picture of God’s life involving receiving as well as giving, depending as well as controlling, has as giving, depending as well as controlling, has implications for us as God’s adopted children.implications for us as God’s adopted children.

We all live in relationships where we are:We all live in relationships where we are: givers and / or receiversgivers and / or receivers depending and /or controllingdepending and /or controlling

We can reflect the life of God in every aspect of what We can reflect the life of God in every aspect of what we are. We are part of God’s image:we are. We are part of God’s image: when we acknowledge our dependence or offer thanks, when we acknowledge our dependence or offer thanks, andand when we are making decisions or showing God's love to when we are making decisions or showing God's love to

another.another.

Light of LightLight of Light

Light of LightLight of LightThe Formula of the Creed of NiceaThe Formula of the Creed of Nicea

It took more than three centuries to put what we find in the It took more than three centuries to put what we find in the scriptures about the relationship between Jesus and God the scriptures about the relationship between Jesus and God the Father into a “formula” would not break down under the Father into a “formula” would not break down under the scrutiny of then contemporary philosophy:scrutiny of then contemporary philosophy:

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,the only-begotten Son of God,the only-begotten Son of God,begotten of his Father before all worlds,begotten of his Father before all worlds,God of God,God of God,Light of Light,Light of Light,Very God of Very God,Very God of Very God,begotten not made,begotten not made,being of one substance with the Father,being of one substance with the Father,by whom all things were made.by whom all things were made.


Jesus is:Jesus is: ““begotten,” a unique “product” of divine life,begotten,” a unique “product” of divine life, ““generated” within God by the unconditional love of God generated” within God by the unconditional love of God

the Fatherthe Father apart from / before the whole of creationapart from / before the whole of creation

The relationship between this “product” of divine life The relationship between this “product” of divine life and God the Father is:and God the Father is: like child to parentlike child to parent like the light of a light – like the flames of two candles, in like the light of a light – like the flames of two candles, in

which the flame of one candle is used to light the other which the flame of one candle is used to light the other candlecandle


Light of light:Light of light: The God the Father = the flame on the source The God the Father = the flame on the source

candlecandle The Son = the flame on the candle lit, “begotten” The Son = the flame on the candle lit, “begotten”

by the flame of the Fatherby the flame of the Father The Father gives all he is and has into the heart of The Father gives all he is and has into the heart of

this outflowing ‘product’, the ‘generated’ reality, this outflowing ‘product’, the ‘generated’ reality, the flame of the Sonthe flame of the Son

The flame of the Son truly shares the living flame The flame of the Son truly shares the living flame of God’s nature with no qualification or lessening; of God’s nature with no qualification or lessening; he is ‘of one substance’ with the Fatherhe is ‘of one substance’ with the Father

Light of LightLight of LightGod is “Christlike”God is “Christlike”

Why God is trustworthy:Why God is trustworthy: What God is, revealed in Jesus incarnated as a What God is, revealed in Jesus incarnated as a

human being, is simply what God human being, is simply what God always has beenalways has been and and always will bealways will be..

““God is Christlike and in him there is no God is Christlike and in him there is no un-Christlikeness at all.”un-Christlikeness at all.” (Archbishop of (Archbishop of Canterbury Michael Ramsey and John V. Taylor)Canterbury Michael Ramsey and John V. Taylor)

In Jesus, we can see embodied God’s nature as the In Jesus, we can see embodied God’s nature as the outpouring and returning of selfless loveoutpouring and returning of selfless love

Light of LightLight of LightGod’s Outpouring of Selfless LoveGod’s Outpouring of Selfless Love

We see the outpouring, selfless love of God in We see the outpouring, selfless love of God in different ways, like we see a great river in different ways, like we see a great river in different landscapes:different landscapes: God’s outpouring of love into the world, as seen in God’s outpouring of love into the world, as seen in

the life and death of Jesus;the life and death of Jesus; God’s outpouring of love in making and sustaining God’s outpouring of love in making and sustaining

creation;creation; God’s outpouring of love in the eternal truth of the God’s outpouring of love in the eternal truth of the

Father’s “generating” the Son.Father’s “generating” the Son.

The Human Jesus of The Human Jesus of NazarethNazareth

Jesus of NazarethJesus of NazarethBoth God and Human BeingBoth God and Human Being

In the gospels we read how Jesus suffered and In the gospels we read how Jesus suffered and wept, slept and awoke. He was vulnerable and wept, slept and awoke. He was vulnerable and mortal.mortal.

Yet we also see in Jesus the incarnation of the Yet we also see in Jesus the incarnation of the eternal eternal LogosLogos of God, proclaiming the of God, proclaiming the kingdom of God was breaking into creation, kingdom of God was breaking into creation, forgiving sins, healing the sick, commanding forgiving sins, healing the sick, commanding the winds and the waves.the winds and the waves.

Jesus of NazarethJesus of NazarethBoth Human Being and GodBoth Human Being and God

How do we mesh these two pictures together: How do we mesh these two pictures together: Jesus as a human being, and Jesus as the Son Jesus as a human being, and Jesus as the Son of God?of God?

As early theologians of the Greek Church As early theologians of the Greek Church loved to note, the same person who weeps for loved to note, the same person who weeps for his friend Lazarus is the same person who his friend Lazarus is the same person who raises him from the dead.raises him from the dead.

Jesus of NazarethJesus of NazarethGod and Human: Analogy from MusicGod and Human: Analogy from Music

An analogy from music:An analogy from music: When you look at a great musician playing a piece of When you look at a great musician playing a piece of

music, you are looking at one human being playing at the music, you are looking at one human being playing at the limit of their skill and concentration. limit of their skill and concentration.

All their strength, their freedom, and even their love, is All their strength, their freedom, and even their love, is focused on bringing to life the work and vision of another focused on bringing to life the work and vision of another person, the composer.person, the composer.

As the vision and imagination of the composer comes As the vision and imagination of the composer comes through, it does not displace the human particularity of the through, it does not displace the human particularity of the performer, but might be said to ‘saturate” the performer's performer, but might be said to ‘saturate” the performer's being for the time of the performance. being for the time of the performance.


Now imagine an entire lifetime given to such a Now imagine an entire lifetime given to such a performance.performance.

Throughout his life, Jesus, the human being, Throughout his life, Jesus, the human being, “is performing God’s love, God’s purpose, “is performing God’s love, God’s purpose, without a break, without a false note, without a without a break, without a false note, without a stumble; yet he is never other than himself, stumble; yet he is never other than himself, with all that makes him distinctly human taken with all that makes him distinctly human taken up with this creative work.”up with this creative work.”


When early Christians said they could not When early Christians said they could not imagine sin in Jesus, they were saying “there imagine sin in Jesus, they were saying “there is nothing in this performance that blocks out is nothing in this performance that blocks out the composer.”the composer.”

When early Christians said Jesus was fully When early Christians said Jesus was fully human and fully God, they were saying “the human and fully God, they were saying “the humanity of the performer is most full and real humanity of the performer is most full and real in in the performance” of the composer’s work.the performance” of the composer’s work.

Jesus of NazarethJesus of NazarethBorn Through the Spirit and MaryBorn Through the Spirit and Mary

The Creed of Nicea tells us:The Creed of Nicea tells us:

““by the power of the Holy Spirit he by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary”became incarnate from the Virgin Mary”

We see in this phrase two ways of looking at We see in this phrase two ways of looking at Jesus’ birth, both of which need to be Jesus’ birth, both of which need to be affirmed:affirmed: 1. Jesus was born through the Spirit of God1. Jesus was born through the Spirit of God 2. Jesus was born through the human being Mary2. Jesus was born through the human being Mary

Jesus of NazarethJesus of NazarethBorn Through the Spirit and MaryBorn Through the Spirit and Mary

Jesus comes into being on earth because:Jesus comes into being on earth because: 1. God breathes into the world his breath (= 1. God breathes into the world his breath (=

“Spirit”), just as he breathed into the first human “Spirit”), just as he breathed into the first human being in the Genesis creation storybeing in the Genesis creation story

2. Mary’s human openness to God’s inbreathing: 2. Mary’s human openness to God’s inbreathing: She said “yes.”She said “yes.”

““Jesus begins to be as a human being because Jesus begins to be as a human being because of this meeting of God's free grace and Mary's of this meeting of God's free grace and Mary's grace-filled human readiness and openness.”grace-filled human readiness and openness.”

Next WeekNext Week

Next WeekNext Week

We have now talked about WHO Jesus isWe have now talked about WHO Jesus is But WHY exactly is this life, Jesus’ life, But WHY exactly is this life, Jesus’ life,

required?required?

Next Week:Next Week:4. The Peace Dividend4. The Peace Dividend

(He suffered and was buried, and the (He suffered and was buried, and the third day he rose again)third day he rose again)

tokens of trust: an introduction to christian belief 3. a man for all seasons (and in jesus christ...

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