tom goreau, "the tijuca story: reforestation and the biotic pump"
TRANSCRIPT
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RESTORING CARBON, WATER, AND TEMPERATURE CYCLES
Tom Goreau
Biodiversity for a Livable Climate Conference on Restoring Water Cycles To
Reverse Global WarmingOctober 17 2015
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FLORESTA DA TIJUCARIO DE JANEIRO
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ONE MAN PLANTS A FOREST
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BEFORE AND AFTERGREENING THE DESERT
JORDAN, GEOFF LAWTON
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CARBON, WATER,TEMPERATURE
• HIGH SOIL CARBON CAUSES HIGH WATER RETENTION, MORE FERTILE SOILS
• THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO MANAGE SOILS TO INCREASE SOIL CARBON
• SOIL CARBON COMES IN MANY FORMS, RANGES THA LAST FROM VERY SHORT TO VERY LONG TIMES
• BLACK SOIL CARBON LASTS LONGEST
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WHOLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• PREVENT SOIL EROSION• RECYCLE NUTRIENTS ON LAND• KEEP THEM OUT OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND
THE OCEAN WHERE THEY CAUSE HARMFULLY ALGAE BLOOM AND KILL CORAL REEFS AND FISHERIES
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BALISUBAK
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VETIVER GRASS, THE WORLD’S BEST EROSION CONTROL PLANT
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ROOTS GROW STRAIGHT DOWNNEVER BECOMES A WEED
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COMPLETELYSTOPS EROSION.BEST ROOFINGTHATCHBECAUSE OF NATURAL INSECTICIDE,SEWAGE TREATMENT,NUTRIENT TRAPPING,CARBON SINK,RENEWABLEBIOMASSPRODUCTION
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WATER & TEMPERATURE
• MORE THAN HALF OF SOLAR RADIATION ON LAND EVAPORATES WATER, ABSORBING HUGE AMOUNTS OF HEAT AND LOWERING LAND TEMPERATURE
• ABOUT 60% OF RAIN WATER ON LAND IS RETURNED TO THE ATMOSPHERE, RATHER THAN RUNNING OFF
• 80-90% OF THIS IS PLANT TRANSPIRATION RATHER THAN PHYSICAL EVAPORATION
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RESTORE WETLANDS• SWAMPS, BOGS, MARSHES, SALT MARSHES,
SEAGRASSES, & MANGROVES ARE MAJOR CARBON SINKS, BUILDING SOILS THAT CAN BE NEARLY PURE ORGANIC CARBON.
• WE ARE NOW RAPIDLY DESTROYING THEM BY DRAINING, ADDING THE CARBON TO THE ATMOSPHERE
• WE MUST REVERSE THIS COURSE
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BEAVERS CONTROLLED NORTH AMERICAN HYDROLOGY UNTIL HUNTERS DROVE THEM TO EXTINCTION, GREATLY
INCREASING SOIL EROSION & NUTRIENT LOSS
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WATER & TEMPERATURE
• MORE THAN HALF OF SOLAR RADIATION ON LAND EVAPORATES WATER, ABSORBING HUGE AMOUNTS OF HEAT AND LOWERING LAND TEMPERATURE
• ABOUT 60% OF WATER ON LAND IS RETURNED TO THE ATMOSPHERE, RATHER THAN RUNNING OFF
• 80-90% OF THIS IS PLANT TRANSPIRATION RATHER THAN PHYSICAL EVAPORATION
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GOREAU & DE MELLO, 1985AMAZON RAINFOREST
BRAZIL
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GOREAU, 2014
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RESTORING VEGETATION RESTORES WATER CYCLES
• INCREASES TRANSPIRATION, CAUSING MORE RAIN• REDUCES SURFACE WATER RUNOFF, SOIL EROSION,
AND RUNOFF• INCREASES RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER AND
AQUIFERS BECAUSE WATER FLOWS DOWN ROOTS INTO THE GROUND
• RESTORES SPRINGS AND STREAMS