tom knight ginkgo bioworks understanding simple cells
TRANSCRIPT
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Tom KnightGinkgo Bioworks
UnderstandingSimpleCells
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Key Engineering Ideas• Removal of unnecessary complexity• Simplification with standard reusable parts• Hierarchical design• Modular construction• Standards of construction and
measurement• Design rules• Carefully defined interfaces• Modeling at the correct level• Isolation of unrelated parts• Flexibility
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Harold Morowitz 1962 & 1984
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We’ve invested > $10M in building our organism engineering factory
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Design, Build & Test at Ginkgo
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Unit processes
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Pipeline for organism domestication
• Genome• organism + all strains + all genus
members• Comprehensive, online bibliography• Excellent annotations, motif finding• Knockout library• growth rate defects
• RNAseq• for transcript start, stop, abundance
• Ribosome protection assays• Proteins, post-translational modifications, positions• Protein complexes• Metabolic maps• Chip Seq for all DNA binding protein• Full scale molecular level simulation• Simplified cell customized for engineering• What I cannot create I do not understand
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Automated sample prep & extraction methods demonstrated for many hosts
• Metabolite extraction
• Enzyme activity• Protein lysate
preps• HT growth assay• Product screen
• E. coli• Saccharomyces
cerevisiae• Microalgae• Mesoplasma florum• Alpha-
proteobacteria• Saccharopolyspora
erythraea
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Automated metabolomics pipeline
• HR-AM uHPLC-MS on the Thermo Q-Exactive
• Ppm mass accuracy in the full scan at ~3Hz
• Data-dependent and targeted tandem MS/MS fragmentation at ~15Hz
• Parallel column switching for increasing coverage• Routinely quantify 60-100 central and secondary
metabolites• Unbiased feature searching and quantification: 2,500-4000
features detected in the full scan
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Comprehensive metabolic coverage
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Ginkgo data-store & analysis pipeline
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Additional test pipe capabilities
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High density culture evaluation• Strain optimization for scale up• Medium/feeding optimization
Proteomics• Enzyme expression and solubility• Global native protein expression
Metabolomics• Global central and secondary metabolism• Pathway/enzyme analysis and
optimization
Transcripts and Ribosome Profiling• Organism Domestication• Pathway optimization
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PPP OH OH P
Bacterial transcript Degradation Fragment
P OH
Processed RNA
PPP OH App
PPP
NH2
NH2
PPP NH2OH // P
//
RNA Analysis Protocols
Select Fragment Type
Ligate Adapter
Bind primer, reverse transcribe
Circular ligation, adapter primer PCR
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Ribosome profiling
Micrococcal nuclease
Proteinase K
28-30 nt
mRNA transcript
Locate Translation starts, Ribosome stall locations, Frame shifts
To NGS adapter ligation and sequencing
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Pipeline for organism domestication
• Genome• organism + all strains + all genus
members• Comprehensive, online bibliography• Excellent annotations, motif finding• Knockout library• growth rate defects
• RNAseq• for transcript start, stop, abundance
• Ribosome protection assays• Proteins, post-translational modifications, positions• Protein complexes• Metabolic maps• Chip Seq for all DNA binding protein• Full scale molecular level simulation• Simplified cell customized for engineering• What I cannot create I do not understand
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Thank you for your attention