5c op 2

Special Report 888February 1992

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Host List

and Bibliography

Agricultural Experiment StationOregon State University

TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS HOST LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

D. M. Sether, Research Assistant, and J. D. DeAngelis, Extension EntomologistDepartment of Entomology, Oregon State University

Corvallis, OR 97331-2907

This publication is intended to assist nursery and greenhouse growers, extension personnel,researchers and others concerned about control of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in the field andgreenhouse. Growers should be particularly cautious about selecting susceptible cultivars as well asallowing susceptible weeds to grow in or around their crops. These lists can help determine which plantsor weeds pose a threat. The bibliography of original references might be especially useful to researchersas a starting point to the current literature base on TSWV.

Tomato spotted wilt virus has one of the widest host ranges of any known plant virus. Over 550species, including both monocots and dicots representing 62 families are confirmed hosts. In recent years,TSWV has accounted for major crop losses of crisphead and romaine lettuce in Hawaii, and for losses inpeanuts exceeding five million dollars in 1986 in Texas alone. In 1989 and 1990, commercial greenhousesthroughout the United States and Canada suffered heavy losses in bedding plant production to the virus.Onion, tobacco, tomato, pineapple, watermelon, and ornamentals have incurred significant economicdamage from TSWV as well.

Serological analysis confirms that TSWV-I (the impatiens strain of TSWV) has been responsiblefor serious losses in the bedding plant industry in the Northwest, particularly in impatiens, begonia, andchrysanthemum. In the past, TSWV-I has been considered a problem only in greenhouses and flowercrops. However, in August 1990, TSWV-I was found infecting greenhouse-grown peppermint, Mentha

piperita, an important field crop in Oregon.

Symptom expression is dependent on host species/cultivar, environment, age of plant, and virusstrain. Symptoms vary widely but commonly include necrotic or chlorotic lesions, tip necrosis, ringspots,midrib browning, or leaf distortions characteristic of systemic infections. Symptoms of infection maydisappear under warm or cool conditions even though the virus is still present, further complicatingaccurate diagnosis and implementation of control measures.

The following list is a compilation of published information about the hosts susceptible to tomatospotted wilt virus. Hosts of both the common (TSWV-L) and impatiens (TSWV-I) serotype are included.Unfortunately, prior to 1990, serotype was not specified, although in most cases the evidence presentedsupports the conclusion that the common (L) serotype was present. Hosts appearing on this list meet atleast one or more of the following criteria: (1) virus particles were detected serologically in host plantmaterial; (2) virus particles were detected with electron microscopy; and/or (3) virus was inoculated toindicator hosts which developed characteristic symptoms. Some plants on this list failed to meet all thesecriteria in the original source. Later research, however, employing all three criteria supported theinclusion of the plant as a TSWV host. Plants are included on the host list with original references. Newhosts of both serotypes of TSWV are continually being reported, thus it is likely that this list is alreadyincomplete.

The manuscript is divided into three parts. First is a list of plant families that contain confirmedhost members. Next, the main body of the manuscript is a list of known hosts of TSWV arranged byscientific name. The third column of the host list contains the reference for the original description. Thelast section contains the complete reference citations.

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PLANT FAMILIES WITH SPECIES MEMBERS

SUSCEPTIBLE TO TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS

Acanthaceae Convolvulaceae

Pedaliaceae

Agavaceae

Crassulaceae Phytolaccaceae

Aizoaceae

Cruciferae Plantaginaceae

Amaranthaceae

Cucurbitaceae Plumbaginaceae

Amaryllidaceae

Dipsacaceae Polemoniaceae

Apocynaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Polygonaceae

Araceae

Gentianaceae Portulacaceae

Araliaceae

Geraniaceae Primulaceae

Aristolochiaceae

Gesneriaceae Ranunculaceae

Asclepiadaceae

Gramineae

Rubiaceae

Balsaminaceae

Iridaceae Saxifragaceae

Begoniaceae

Labiatae Scrophulariaceae

Boraginaceae

Leguminosae Solanaceae

Bromeliaceae

Liliaceae Tetragoniaceae

Cactaceae

Lobeliaceae Tropaeolaceae

Campanulaceae

Malvaceae Umbelliferae

Cannaceae

Martyniaceae

Urticaceae

Caricaceae

Nolanaceae Verbenaceae

Caryophyllaceae

Onagraceae Violaceae

Chenopodiaceae

Paeoniaceae Zygophyllaceae

Compositae

Papaveraceae

SPECIES HOST LIST ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY SCIENTIFIC NAME

Botanical Name

Acanthospermum hisipidum DCAgeratum sp.A. houstonianum Milly.Alstroemeria sp.Amaranthus sp.A. caudatus L.A. graecizans L.A. hybridus L.A. paniculata L.A. retroflexus L.A. spinosus L.A. viridis L.Amaryllis sp.Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.A. trifida L.Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

'Cayenne'Anemone sp.A. coronaria L.Anthurium andraeanum Lind.Antirrhinum sp.A. majus L.Aphelandra squarrosa NeesApium graveolens L.

'Golden Self Blanching'Aquilegia vulgaris L.Arachis hypogaea L.

Common Name

AgeratumPeruvian Lily

Tassel Flower

Green Amaranth; Pigweed

Redroot PigweedSpiny AmaranthSlender AmaranthBarbados LilySmall RagweedGiant RagweedPineapple

Anemone

Flamingo LilySnapdragon

Zebra PlantCelery

Common ColumbinePeanut

Source

Greber & McCarthy, 1977Linford, 1932*1Gumpf & Weathers, 1972Tehrani et al., 1990Costa & Forster, 1942'Best, 1968Best, 1968Cho et al., 1986Wingard, 1928*3Milbrath, 1939*4Cho et al., 1986Cho et al., 1984Gardener et al., 1935Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Illingsworth, 1931*1Linford, 1932*1Smith, 1937Hurtt, 1985Cho et al., 1989Tompkins & Gardner, 1934Wingard, 1928*3Halliwell & Barnes, 1987Gardner et al., 1935Sakimura, 1940Smith, 1937Costa, 1941

3

'Gangapuri''Robut 33-1,*a'Red Spanish''TMV 2''Virginia Bunch'

Arctium lappa L.Aristolochia elegans Mast.Arum palaestinum BoissAster sp.Aster laevis L.Atropa belladonna L.Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.Begonia sp.B. X hiemalis Fotsch

'Whisper O'Pink''Renaissance''Schwabenland Red''Improved Schwabenland Orange''Non Stop'

B. semperflorens Link and OttoB. X tuberhybrida VossB. tuberosa see B. X tuberhybridaBelamcanda chinensis (L.) DCBeta vulgaris L.B. vulgaris var. cicla L.Bidens discoidea Brit.B. pilosa L.B. p. var. minor (BI.) SherfBrassaia actinophylla Endl.Brassica campestris L. subsp.chinensisB. oleracea L. var. botrytis L.Browallia sp.B. americana L.B. speciosa HookB. speciosa cv majorCalceolaria sp.C. crenatifolia Cay.C. herbaceihybrida VossC. hybrida see C. herbaceihybridaCalendula officinalis L.Callistephus chinensis (L.) NeesCampanula sp.C. americana L.C. isophylla MorettiC. pyramidalis L.Canna L.Capsella sp.C. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.Capsicum sp.C. annuum L.

var. anglosum (L.) Sendt.'California Wonder''Chinese Giant''Fordhook'var. grossum (L.) Sendt.

C. frutescens L.Carica papaya L.

cv. SoloCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.Centaurea cyanus L.Cheiranthus sp.Chenopodium album L.C. amaranticolor Coste & ReynierC. ambrosioides L.C. murale L.

BurdockCalico FlowerBlack CallaMichaelmas DaisyOstrich Plume AsterDeadly NightshadeWinter CressBegoniaElatior or Reiger Begonia

BegoniaHybrid Tuberous Begonia

Blackberry LilyBeet

Swiss ChardSpanish NeedleSpanish NeedleSpanish NeedleUmbrella TreeWhite Stem CabbageCauliflowerBush VioletBrowallia

Amethyst FlowerSlipperwortCalceolariaFlorists' Calceolaria

Pot MarigoldChina AsterBellflowerTall BellflowerItalian BellfowerChimney BellflowerCanna Lily

Shepherd's PursePepperBell Pepper

Tabasco PepperPapaya

Madagascar PeriwinkleBachelor's ButtonWallflowerLamb's Quarter

Mexican TeaNettleleaf Goosefoot

Amin, 1985Amin, 1985Helms et al., 1961Amin, 1985Helms et al., 1961Cho et al., 1986Matteoni et al., 1988aTompkins & Severin, 1950Smith, 1932Wingard, 1928*3Smith, 1932Wingard, 1928*3Gardner et al., 1935Barnes & Halliwell, 1985Green et al., 1988Green et al., 1988Green et al., 1988Green et al., 1988Green et al., 1988Gardner et al., 1935Middleton, 1939

Yamamota & chata, 1977Priode, 1928*°Wingard, 1928* 3

Wingard, 1928* 3

Linford, 1932*1Cho et al., 1984Matteoni et al., 1989Cho et al., 1986Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Smith, 1957Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Allen & Matteoni, 1988Noordam, 1952

Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Noordam, 1952Smith, 1937Matteoni et al., 1988aGreen et al., 1988Best, 1968Smith, 1931Smith, 1932Iwaki et al., 1984Pontis & Feldman, 1967Sakimura, 1940Ferguson, 1951Yudin et al., 1986Costa & Forster, 1942*2Cook, 1972Gonsalves & Trujillo, 1986le, 1970Matteoni et al., 1988aGardner et al., 1935Wingard, 1928*3Iwaki et al., 1984Cho et al., 1986Cho et al., 1986

4

C. quinoa Willd.Chondrilla sp.Chrysanthemum sp.C. coronarium L.C. frutescens L.C. maximun RamondC. X morifolium Ramat.

cv. Accentcv. Ambercv. Blue Marblecv. Chardonnaycv. Charliecv. Charismacv. Dark Yellowcv. Dynamocv. El Charocv. Florida Marblecv. Foxycv. Goldcapcv. Golden Polariscv. Icebergcv. Icecapcv. Maximocv. May Shoesmithcv. Mellowcv. Omegancv. Palisadecv. Polariscv. Super Whitecv. Super Yellowcv. White Delightcv. White Marblecv. Yellow Dynamocv. Yellow Palisadecv. Yellow Polaris

C. X superbum Berg. ex. IngramCichorium endivia L. 'Large Green Curled'C. intybus L. 'Witloaf'Cineraria sp. see Senecio cinerariaC. cruenta Mass. see Senecio cruentusCirsium lanceolatum see Cirsium vulgareC. vulgare (Savi) Ten.Citrullus lanatus (Thun) Matsum & NakaiC. vulgaris Shrad.Clarkia sp.C. amoena subsp. lindleyi (Dougl)Coleus sp.Consolida ambigua (L.) Ball & Heyw.Convolvulus sp.C. arvensis L.Conyza bonariensis L. (Erigeron bonariensis L.)Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth.Coreopsis sp.C. basalis (Otto & Diet.) BlakeC. drummondii see Coreopsis basalisCoriandrum sativum L.Coronopus didymus (L.) SmithCosmos sp.C. bipinnatus Cay.Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr.C. divaricata (Lowe) F. SchultzC. pulchra L.C. pumila Rydb.C. rhoeadifolia Bieb.(C. foetidaCrotalaria incana L.

Skeleton WeedChrysanthemumGarland ChrysanthemumMarguerite DaisyShasta DaisyFlorist's Chrysanthemum

Shasta DaisyEndiveChicory

Bull ThistleWatermelonMonte Cristo WatermelonClarkia

ColeusAnnual Delphinium; LarkspuMorning GloryField BindweedHairy HorseweedTi, KiCoreopsisTickseed; Coreopsis

CorianderSwinecressCosmos

Hawksbeard

Paliwal, 1974Best, 1968Gardner & Whipple, 1934Cho, et al., 1986Matteoni et al., 1988aBrown, 1988Gardner & Whipple, 1934Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & alien, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Green et al., 1988Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Matteoni & Allen, 1989Tehrani et al., 1990Sakimura, 1940Sakimura, 1940

Best, 1968Iwaki et al., 198iWingard, 1928'"2Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Matteoni et al., 1988aMatteoni et al., 1988aBest, 1968Sherf, 1948Cho et al., 1986Cho et al., 1986Matteoni et al., 1988aSmith, 1937

Best, 1968Cho et al., 1986Smith, 1937Smith, 1957Best, 1968Best, 1968Best, 1968Best, 1968Best, 1968Cho et al., 1984

L. subsp. rhoeadifolia (Bieb) Celak)Fuzzy Rattlepod

5

Cucumis mucronata Desv.C. melo L.

Conomon Groupconomon (Thunb.) Mak.

Cantalupensis Groupcantalupensis Naud.

C. sativus L.cv. Chicago Picklingcv. Everbearingcv. Ideal White Spine Cucumbercv. Windermoor Wonder

Cucurbita maxima Duch.C. m. X C. moschata (Duch.) PoirC. moschata Dech.C. pepo L.

var. condensa Baileyvar. ovifera (L.) Alef

Cynara scolymus L.Cyclamen persicum Mill.

cv. CarmenCymbidium sp.Cyphomandra sp.C. betacea (Cay .) Sendt.Dahlia sp.D. pinnata X D. coccinea Cay. cv. FigaroD. variabilis

'Jean''Willy Den Ouden'

Datura arborea L.D. ferox L.D. metal L.D. stramonium L.D. tatula L. (D. stramonium L.)D. wrightii ex. Regal (D. inoxia Mill.)Delphinium sp.D. X cultorum VossDesmodium uncinatum (Jac.) DCDichondra carolinensis Michx.Dolichos lablab L.Dorotheanthus tricolor (Willd.) BolusDracaena fragrans massangeana L. Ker-Gaw.D. marginata L.Duboisia leichhardtii (Muel.)D. I. X D. myoporoides R. Br.Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.Emilia sp.E. javanica (Burm. f.) Robi.E. sagittata see E. javanicaE. sonchifolia (L.) DCErigeron bonariensis L.E. canadensis L.Eustoma sp.Exacum sp.E. affine Baif. f.Fatsia japonica (Thunb) Duch & PlanchFucshia sp.F. X hybrida ex. Vilm.Gaillardia sp.G. aristata Pursh.G. X grandiflora Van HoutteGalinsoga parviflora Cay.G. quadriradiata (Raf.) BlakeGeranium sp.Gerbera sp.G. jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f.

Smooth RattlepodMelon

Honey Dew CanteloupeCucumber

Squash

Cushaw PumpkinCornfield PumpkinGold. Sum. Crookneck SquashYellow Flowered GourdArtichokeCyclamen

Cymbidium Orchid

Tree TomatoDahlia

Angel's Trumpet

Jimson Weed

Delphinium

Spanish CloverLawn LeafBroad Windsor BeanTricolor Ice PlantCorn PlantSpiker

Goose Grass

Flora's Paintbrush

Red PualeleHairy HorseweedSmall-leaf HorseweedLisianthusPersian Violet

FucshiaFucshiaBlanket Flower

Blanket FlowerFuji Grass, GalinsogaPeruvian DaisyGeraniumAfrican Daisy, Gerber DaisyGerbera

Cho et al., 1984Iwaki et al., 1984

Iwaki et al., 1984

Wingard, 1928*3le, 1970Barnes & HaIliwg11, 1985Wingard, 1928*Wingard, 1928*3Allen & Broadbent, 1986Iwaki et al., 1984Iwaki et al., 198iWingard, 1928*°Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Garcia & Feldman, 1978Allen & Matteoni, 1988Allen & Matteoni, 1988Matteoni et al., 1988aCosta & Forster, 1942* 2

Costa & Forster, 1942*2Smith, 1932Allen & Broadbent, 1986Smith, 1937Brunt, 1959Brunt, 1959Costa & Forster, 1942*2Greber & McCarthy, 1977Norris, 1946Wingard, 1928*3Norris, 1946Smith, 1937Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Cho et al., 1986Sakimura, 1961Wingard, 1928*3Best, 1968Tehrani et al., 1990Tehrani et al., 1990McCarthy & Greber, 1978Greber & McCarthy, 1977Bailey, 1935Gardner et al., 1935Linford, 1932* 1

Sakimura, 1940Helms et al., 1961Wingard, 1928*3Hsu & Lawson, 1991Green et al., 1988Matteoni et al., 1988aAllen & Matteoni, 1991Green et al., 1988Matteoni et al., 1989Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Tehrani et al., 1990Cho et al., 1986Cho et al., 1986Brown, 1988Best, 1968Noordam, 1952

6

Globe Amaranth

Gynura; Purple Velvet

Baby's BreathBaby's BreathMammoth Russian SunflowerSwan River Everlasting

OkraAmaryllis; Barbados Lily

Wax Plant

French HydrangeaWater PennywortHenbaneImpatiens, Touch-me-notGarden balsam

New Guinea ImpatiensBlue Morning Glory

Star 1pomoeaMorning GloryKalanchoeLettuce

Crisphead LettuceLeaf lettuceRomaine or Cos

Prickly Lettuce

White Flowering or Dipper GourdSweet PeaTidytips

Lion's EarTiger LilyEaster Lily

StaticeLobeliaDishcloth GourdLupineWhite Lupine

Dusty Miller; Mullein PinkMatrimony-vine; Boxthron

Tomato

le, 1970Allen & Broadbent, 1986Matteoni et al., 1989MacDonald et al., 1989Tehrani et al., 1990Best, 1968Wingard, 1928*3Best, 1968Best, 1968Wingard, 1928*3Smith, 1937Noordam, 1943Stubbs, 1960Matteoni et al., 1988aAllen et al., 1983Paliwal, 1974Smith, 1932Broadbent et al., 1987Tehrani et al., 1990Noordam, 1952DeBruin-Brink et al., 1953

Matteoni et al., 1988aCho et al., 1986Sakimura, 1961Sakimura, 1961Wingard, 1928*3

Tehrani et al., 1990Gardner & Whipple, 1934Sakimura, 1940Cho et al., 1988Cho et al., 1988Pontis & Feldmn, 1967Wingard, 1928*Cho et al., 1986Thompkins & Gardner, 1934

Wingard, 1928*3

Wingard, 1928*3Snyder & Thomas, 1936Gardner et al., 1935

Gardner et al., 1935Cho et al., 1986Best, 1968Tehrani et al., 1990

Cho et al., 1986Smith, 1937Wingard, 1928*3Smith, 1932Gardner & Whipple, 1934Smith, 1932Smith, 1937Best, 1968Smith, 1937

Brittlebarik, 1919von der Pahlen, 1970

Smith, 1957Green, 1934Noordam, 1943

Gladiolus sp. GladiolaGloxinia sp. GloxiniaG. hybridum (Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern.Godetia sp. see Clarkia sp.G. grandiflora see Clarkia amoena subsp. LindleyiGomphrena globosa L.

'Dwarf Buddy'Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC

'Sarmentosa'Gypsophila elegans Bieb.G. paniculata L.Helianthus annuus L.Helipterum manglesii (Lindl.) F.J. Muell.H. roseum (Hook) Benth.Hibiscus esculentus L.Hippeastrum sp.H. X hybridumHoya carnosa (L.f.) R. Br.Hydrangea sp.H. macrophylla 'Imaculata' Ser.Hydrocotyle asiatica Bert. ex UrbanHyoscyamus niger L.Impatiens sp.I. balsamina L.I. holstii Engl. & Warb.I. sultanii Hook.f.I. wallerana Hook f.

New Guinea cultivarsIpomoea congesta R. Br.1. hederacea Jacq. cv. SuperbaI. hederifolia L.I. purpurea L.Kalanchoe sp.Lactuca sativa L.

'Grand Rapid''Parris Island Cos''Minetto''Morada'

L. s. var. capitata L.L. s. var. crispa L.L. s. var. longifolia Lam.L. scariola see L. serriolaL. serriola L.Lagenaria leucantha see L. sicerariaL. siceraria (Mol.) Stand!.Lathyrus odoratus L.Layia ex DC sp.L. elegans see L. platyglossaL. platyglossa (Fisch. & Mey.) GrayLeonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br.Lilium lancifolium Thunb.L. longiflorum Thunb.L. tigrinum see L. lancifoliumLimonium latifolium (Sm.) Ktze.Lobelia sp.Luffa cylindrica Roem.Lupinus sp.L. albus L.L. angustifolius L.L. leucophyllus Dougl. ex Lindl.Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr.Lycium ferocissimum MiersLycopersicon esculentum see L. lycopersicumL. lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw.

'Ahahu'

'Bonny Best''Bounty''Break o'Day''Buffalo'Burbank''Burwood Prize''Centennial''Currant''Dombello''Dombito'Dwarf Champion''Early Dwarf Red''Early Dwarf Red x. Break O'Day''First Early''Foremost 21'Glamour'Globe''Heinz 1370''Jumbo''Kolea-C''Laura''Marglobe''Maui'*b'Ohio''Ohio MR13"'Pearson''Ponderosa''Potentate'Pritchard''Red Plum''Rey de los Tempranos'*b'Rutgars''San Marsano''Sensation''Stone''Vendor''Vision'

L. hirsutum H.B.K.L. peruvianum (L.) Mill.*bL. pimpinellifolium (Just.) Mill.Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br.Ma/va nicaeenis Alf.M. parviflora L.M. rotundifolia L.Marrubium vulgare L.Marlynia annua L.Matthiola incana R. Br.Medicago polymorpha L.Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.Mentha piperita L. 'Black Mitcham'M. spicata L.Mesembryanthemum tricolor see DorotheanthusMontia sp.Myosotis alpestris SchmidtNepeta cataria L.Nerium oleander L.Nicandra sp.N. physalodes (L.) Gaertn.Nicotiana acuminata (R.C. Grah.) HookN. alata Link & OttoN. a. var. grandiflora ComesN. angustifolia Mill.N. atropurpureumN. benthamiana Domin.N. bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats.

Small Red-Currant TomatoVirginia StockMallowCheeseweedCommon MallowCommon Hoarhound

Forget-me-notCatnipOleander

Apple of Peru

Jasmine Tobacco

Hutton & Peak, 1953Kikuta et al., 1945Bald, 1937Allen & Broadbent, 1986Sakimura, 1940Bald, 1937Allen & Broadbent, 1986Bald, 1937Allen & Broadbent, 1986Allen & Broadbent, 1986Bald, 1937Bald, 1937Best, 1937Sakimura, 1940Gonsalves & Trujillo, 1986Allen & Broadbent, 1986Sakimura, 1940DaGraca et al., 1985Allen & Broadbent, 1986von der Pahlen, 1970Allen & Broadbent, 1986Bald, 1937von der Pahlen, 1970Matteoni et al., 1988aAllen & Broadbent, 1986Frazier et al., 1950Best, 1946Finlay, 1953Gonsalves & Trujillo, 1986Sakimura, 1940Hutton & Peak, 1953Sakimura, 1940Pontis & Feldman, 1967Bald, 1937Sakimura, 1940Allen & Broadbent, 1986Allen & Broadbent, 1986Smith, 1944Norris, 1946Smith, 1937Best, 1968Sakimura, 1961Sakimura, 1961Milbrath, 1939*4Best, 1968Gardner & Whipple, 1934Best, 1968Cho et al., 1986Wingard, 1928*3Sether et al., 1991T.C. Allen, pers.comm. 1990

Best, 1968Best, 1968Milbrath, 1939*4

Franki & Grivell, 1970Gardner & Whiple, 1934Wingard, 1928*QWingard, 1928* 3

Gardner & Whipple, 1934Norris, 1946Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Gonsalves & Trujillo, 1986Smith, 1937

StockBur CloverYellow Sweet CloverPeppermintSpearmint

tricolor

8

N. bonariensis Lehm. Best, 1968N. calyciflora Smith, 1937N. campanulata see N. rustica subsp. texanaN. caudigera Phil. Smith, 1937N. chinensis Fisch. Smith, 1937N. clevelandii A. Gray Wingard, 1928*3N. clevelandii X N. glutinosa Francki & Hatta, 1981N. debneyi Domin Best, 1968N. exigua Wheeler Best, 1968N. excelsior J.M. Black Norris, 1946N. glauca Graham Tree Tobacco Smith, 1931N. glutinosa L. Fromme et al., 1927*3N. goodspeedii Wheeler Best, 1968N. langsdorffi Weinm. Fromme et al., 1927*3N. longiflora Cay. Long-flowered Tobacco Wingard, 1928* 3

N. maritima WheelerSmith, 1937N. macrophylla SprengNorris, 1946

N. miersii Remy. Norris, 1946N. multivalvis Gray Wingard, 1928*3N. nudicaulis S. Wats. Costa & Forster, 1942*2N. palmeri Gray Norris, 1946N. paniculata L. Fromme et al., 1927*3N. plumbaginifolia Viv. Wingard, 1928*3N. quadrivalvis Pursh. Wingard, 1928*3N. q. var. multivalvis Gray Wingard, 1928*3N. repanda Willd. Wingard, 1928*3N. rotundifolia Lindl. Norris, 1946N. rustica L. Wild Tobacco Smith, 1932

'America' DeHaan et al., 1989'English' Wingard, 1928*3'Iowa' Wingard, 1928*3'Jamaicensis' Wingard, 1928*3texana Comes Norris, 1946

N. X sanderae W. Wats. Wingard, 1928*3N. solanifolia Walp. Best, 1968N. suaveolens Lehm. Wingard, 1928*3

N. sylvestris Speg. & ComesNorris, 1946Fromme et al., 1927*3

N. s. var. longiflora

N. tabacum L. Turkish Tobacco Smith, 1931'Adock' Wingard, 1928*3'Atropurpurea' Fromme et al., 1927*3auriculata Fromme et al., 1927*3'Big Burley' Wingard, 1928*3'Blue Pryor' Best, 1936brasiliensis Fromme et al., 1927*3'Bright Yellow' lwaki et al., 1984'Burley' Fromme et al., 1927* 3

calycina Wingard, 1928*3ca/cyciffora Fromme et al., 1927*3cavala Wingard, 1928*3,colossea Fromme et al., 1927''Connecticut Havanna' Milbrath, 1939*4

gigantea Fromme et al., 1927*3'Greens' Fromme et al., 1927*3'H423' Gonsalves & Trujillo, 1986'Harrow Velvet' Allen & Broadbent, 1986'Hickory Pryor' Norris, 1946 ,'Kentucky Yellow' Wingard, 1928*`'lacerata Fromme et al. 1927* 3

latissima Fromme et al., 1927* 3

'Little Orinoco' Fromme et al. 1927* 3

'Lizard Tail' Wingard, 1928*3

'Macedonian' Fromme et al. 1927* 3

macrophylla Fromme et al. 1927* 3

'Maryland' Fromme et al. 1927* 3

9

microphyllapurpurea'Samsun''Samsun NN'sanguinea'Stabdup Burley'Turkish''Virginia''Warne ''White Burley''White Burley 21''Wildfire Resistant''Xanthi nc.'

N. t. X N. glutinosaN. tomentosa Ruiz. & Pay.N. tomentosiformis GoodspeedN. trigonophylla Dun.N. undulata Ruiz & Pay.N. veluttina WheelerN. wigandioides Koch & FintNolana sp. NolanaOenothera sp. Evening PrimrosePaeonia sp. PeonyPapavar sp. PoppyP. nudicaule L. Iceland PoppyP. orientale L. Oriental PoppyPelargonium X hortorum Bailey GeraniumPenstemon sp. Beard-TonguePenstemon hirsutus (L.) WilldPetunia sp. PetuniaPetunia X hybrida Vilm. Petunia

'Calypso''Minstrel''Pink Beauty''Purple Plum'

P. violacea Lindl.Phaseolus lunatus L. Small Lima or Sieva BeanP. vulgaris L. Snap or French BeanPhlox drummondil Hook

Annual PhloxPhysalis sp. Ground CherryP. angulata L. Ground CherryP. brasiliensis Cos. & For.P. floridana Rydb.P. hygrophylla MartP. peruviana L. Cape GooseberryP. pruinosa L. Dwarf Cape GooseberryP. pubescens L. Downy Ground CherryPhytolacca decandra L. PokeweedPisum sativum L. Garden Pea

'Yellow Admiral'Kelvedon Wonder'

Plantago major L. Broad-leaved PlantainPolygonum sp. Knotweed; JointweedP. convo/vulus L. Black BindweedP. hydropiper L. SmartweedPortulaca oleracea L. Common PurslanePrimula sp. PrimroseP. malacoides Franch. Fairy PrimroseP. obconica Hance German PrimroseP. sinensis Sab. ex. Lindl. Chinese PrimroseP. vulgaris Huds.Quamoclit coccinea 'Hederifolia' see 1pomoea hederifoliaRanunculus sp. ButtercupRichardia africana see Zantedeschia aethiopicaR. scabra L. Mexican Clover

Fromme et al., 1927*3

Wingard, 1928*3Pontis & Feldman, 1967le, 1970Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Black et al., 1963Smith, 1931Wingard, 1928*3

Smith, 1931Hagan et al., 1990Fromme et al., 1927*3Pontis & Feldman, 1967Costa & Forster 1942Wingard, 1928*Best, 1968Wingard, 1928*3Norris, 1946Norris, 1946Best, 1968Tehrani et al., 1990Best, 1968Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Bald & Samuel, 1931Gardner et al., 1935Allen & Broadbent, 1986Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Smith, 1932Priode, 1928* 3

Allen & Broadbent, 1986

le, 1970Van Kammen et al., 1966Cho et al., 1987Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Smith, 1937Best, 1968Tompkins & Gardner, 1934Wingard, 1928*3Costa & Forster, 1942*2Helms et al., 1961Costa & Forster, 1942*2Smith, 1937Costa & Forster, 1942*2Gardner & WIpple, 1934Priode, 1928*''Smith, 1937Whipple, 1936DeGraca et al., 1985Smith, 1932Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Wingard, 1928*3Costa & Carvalho, 1960Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Gardner et al., 1935Smith, 1937Tehrani et al., 1990

Smith, 1937

Linford, 1932*1

10

Ricinus communis L.Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.Salpiglossis sp.S. sinuata Ruiz & Pay.Salvia sp.S. splendens Sel. ex. Roem & Schult.Saponaria officinalis L.Saxifraga sp.Scabiosa sp.S. atropurpurea L.Schefflera sp.S. arboricola AyataSchizanthus sp.S. pinnatus Ruiz. & Pay.Schlumbergera bridgesii (Lem) Lofgr.S. truncata (Haw.) Moran.Scutelleria sp.Senecio cinerariaS. cruentus (Masson) DCS. X hybridus (Willd.) RegalS. jacobaea L.Sesamum indicum L.Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern.

'Imperial Red Velvet'S. tigrinaSolanum aculeatissimum Jacq.S. auriculatum Ait.S. aviculare Forst. f.S. capsicastrum Link ex. SchauerS. carolinense L.S. dulcamara L.S. grandiflorum Ruiz. & Pay.S. laciniatum see S. aviculareS. marginatum L.S. melongena L.

'Black Beauty'esculentum Nees

'New York ImprovedS. miniatum Bernh. ex Willd.S. nigrum L.S. nodiflorum Jacq.S. pseudo-capsicum L.S. sanitwongsii Craib.S. seaforthianum Andr.S. sodomeum L.S. spinosissimum Lodd.S. triflorum Nutt.S. tuberosum L.

'Arran Victory''Bismark''Bliss Triumph''Brownell''Factor''Katandin''President''Sebage''Sequoia''Snowflake''Up To Date'

Sonchus oleraceus L.Spinacia oleracea L.

'ViroflayStachys sp.S. arvensis L.Stellaria sp.

Castor-oil PlantAfrican Violet

Painted TongueSalviaScarlet SageBouncing BetRockfoilPincushion FlowerSweet ScabiosaUmbrella TreeTree or Dwarf ScheffleraPoor Man's OrchidPincusion FlowerChristmas CactusThanksgiving CactusScullcapDusty MillerCineraria

Tansy RagwortSesameGloxinia

Cockroach Berry

Kangaroo AppleWinter Cherry; Orange FlowerHorse NettleBittersweet, Deadly Nightshade

Eggplant

Black Nightshade

Jerusalem Cherry

Apple of Sodom

Cutleaf NightshadePotato

Common SowthistleSpinach

Hedge NettleStaggerweedChickweed

Wingard, 1928*3Broadbent et al., 1987Tompkins & Gardner, 1934Gardner & Whipple, 1934Gardner et al., 1935Wingard, 1928*3Best, 1968Best, 1968Smith, 1937Wingard, 1928*3Jones & Baker, 1989MacDonald et al., 1989Tompkins & Gardner, 1934Gardner & Whipple, 1934Tehrani et al., 1990Hausbeck & Gildow, 1991T.C. Allen, 1990 pers. com.Gardner & Whipple, 1934Jones, 1944Matteoni et al., 1988aAllen et al., 1983Costa & Forster, 1942*2Gardner et al., 1935Allen & Matteoni, 1991Allen & Broadbent, 1986Smith, 1932Costa & Forster, 1942*2Smith, 1931Smith, 1931Wingard, 1928*3Smith, 1932Costa & Forster, 1942*2

Smith, 1932Smith, 1932Ferguson, 1951Wingard, 1928* 3

Sakimura, 1940Smith, 1937Wingard, 1928*3

Smith, 1931Costa & Forster, 1942*2Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Costa & Forster, 1942*2Allen et al., 1983Smith, 1931Smith, 1937Hutton & Peak, 1952Milbrath, 1939* 1

Hutton & Peak, 1952Hutton & Peak, 1952Hutton & Peak, 1952Hutton & Peak, 1952Hutton & Peak, 1952Hutton & Peak, 1952Hutton & Peak, 1952Norris, 1946Helms et al., 1961Sakimura, 1940Sakimura, 1949Linford, 1932*IGreber & McCarthy, 1977Best, 1968

11

S. media (L) Cyr.Stephanotis floribunda Brong.Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth,) MiersTagetes erecta L.T. minuta L.T. patula L.

'Petite Harmony'Tetragonia expansa see T. tetragonioidesT. tetragonioides (Pall.) KuntzeTrachelium sp.T. caeruleum L.Trachymene coerulea R.C. Grah.Tribulus terrestris L.Trifolium subterraneum L.Tropaeolum sp.T. majus L.

'Golden Gleam'Troximon sp.Urtica dioica L.Verbena sp.V. hybrida VossV. litoralis HBKV. rigida Spreng.Verbesina encelioides (Cay.) B. & H.Vicia faba L.Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper cv UPU - 1V. sinensis Endl.

'Queen Anne Black'V. sesquipedalis (L.) W. F. WrightV. unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. 'Blackeye'Vinca rosea see Catharanthus roseusViola papilionacea see V. sororiaV. sororia Willd.V. tricolor L.Xanthium saccharatum Wallr. (X. strumarium L.)Youngia japonica (L.) DC.Yucca baccata L.Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.Z. albomaculata (Hook.) Baill.Z. elliottiana (W. Wats.) EnglerZ. melanoleuca Engler (Z. albomaculata)Z. rehmannii EnglerZinnia sp.Z. elegans Jacq.

Common ChickweedMadagascar JasmineFirebush; Yellow HeliotropeAfrican MarigoldMarigoldFrench Marigold

New Zealand SpinachThroatwort

Blue Lace FlowerPunture Vine

NasturtiumGarden Nasturtium

Stinging NettleVervainGarden VerbenaOiVervainGolden CrownbeardBroad BeanUrd BeanCowpea

Woolly Blue VioletField or European PansyCocklebur

YuccaWhite Calla Lily; ArumSpotted CallaYellow CallaBlack-throated CallaPink CallaZinniaZinnia

Holmes, 1948Green et al., 1988Smith, 1937Wingard, 1928*°Helms et al., 1961Allen & Broadbent, 1986Allen & Broadbent, 1986

Priode, 1928*3

Smith, 1937Smith, 1937Best, 1968Allen et al., 1983Helms et al., 1961Gardner & Whipple, 1934Smith, 1937Best, 1937Best, 1968Gardner & Whipple, 1934Gardner et al., 1935Gardner et al., 1935Cho et al., 1986Cho et al., 1984Cho et al., 1984Gardner & Whipple, 1934Amin et al., 1981Wingard, 1928*')Allen & Broadbent, 1986Iwaki et al., 1984Iwaki et al., 1984

Wingard, 1928*3Wingard, 1928*3Cho et al., 1986Kobatake et al., 1984Tehrani et al., 1990Ogilvie, 1935Tompkins & Severin, 1950Tompkins & Severin, 1950Tompkins & Severin, 1950Tompkins & Severin, 1950Smith, 1932Wingard, 1928*3

*1 Originally identified as pineapple yellow-spot virus, later identified as TSWV by Sakimura (1940).Originally identified as 'vira-cabeca' virus, later identified as TSWV by Costa and Forster (1942).

*3 Originally identified as ring spot, later identified as TSWVby Smith (1932).*4 Originally identified as tomato tip-blight virus.

* a, Conflicting reports of susceptibility.* u Conflicting reports of susceptibility.and 'Rey de los Tempranos'.* c Conflicting reports of susceptibility.

TSWV resistance reported in this variety by Amin (1985).TSWV resistance reported by Frazier et al., (1950) in 'Maui','Manzana', 'Pearl Harbor',

Strong resistance, approaching immunity was reported by Norris, 1946.

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Hydrangea and four weed species. Plant Dis. 67: 429-431.

Allen, W. R., & A. B. Broadbent. 1986. Transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus in Ontario

greenhouses by Frankliniella occidentalis. Can. J. Plant Path. 8: 33-38.

12

Allen, W. R., & J. A. Matteoni. 1988. Cyclamen ringspot: Epidemics in Ontario greenhouses caused bythe tomato spotted wilt virus. Can. J. Plant Path. 10: 41-46.

Allen, W. R., & J. A. Matteoni. 1991. Petunia as an indicator plant for use by growers to monitor forthrips carrying the tomato spotted wilt virus in greenhouses. Plant Dis. 75: 78-82.

Amin, P. W. 1985. Apparant resistance of groundnut cultivar Robut-33-1 to bud necrosis disease. PlantDis. 69: 718-719.

Amin, P. W., D. V. R. Reddy, & A. M. Ghanekar, and M. S. Reddy. 1981. Transmission of tomatospotted wilt virus, the causal agent of bud necrosis of peanut, by Scirtothrips dorsalis and

Frankliniella schultzei. Plant Dis. 65: 663-665.Bailey, S. F. 1935. Thrips as vectors of plant disease. J. Econ. Ent. 28: 856-863.Bald, J. G. 1937. Investigations on "spotted wilt" of tomatoes. III. Infection in field plots. Bull. Coun.

Sci. Ind. Res. Aust. 106: 1-32.Bald, J. G., & G. Samuel. 1931. Investigations on "spotted wilt" of tomatoes. II. Bull. Coun. Sci. Ind.

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Brown, L. G. 1988. Tomato spotted wilt virus in ornamentals. Plant Path. Cir. No. 313. 4pp.Brunt, A. A. 1959. Leaf enations in Dahlia variabilis Desf., induced by tomato spotted wilt virus. Nature

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Cho, J. J., R. F. L. Mau, D. Gonsalves, W. C. Mitchell. 1986. Reservoir weed hosts of tomato spottedwilt virus. Plant Dis. 70: 1014-1017.

Cho, J. J., R. F. L. Mau, R. T. Hamasaki , and D. Gonsalves. 1988. Detection of tomato spotted wiltvirus in individual thrips by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phytopath. 78: 1348-1352.

Cho, J. J., W. C. Mitchell, & K. Sakimura. 1987. Epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus disease oncrisphead lettuce in Hawaii. Plant Dis. 71: 505-508.

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Cook, A. A. 1972. Virus diseases of papaya. Univ. Florida Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 750. 19pp.Costa, A. S. 1941. Uma molestia de virus de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) Biologico 7: 249-251.

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spotted wilt virus), on Nicotiana tabacum and Impatiens holstii. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 59: 240-244.

13

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105.Finlay, K. W. 1953. II. Five genes controlling spotted wilt resistance in four tomato types. Aust. J. biol.

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Frazier, W. A., R. K. Dennett, J. W. Hendrix, C. F. Poole & J. C. Gilbert. 1950. Seven new tomatoes.Varieties resistant to spotted wilt, fusarium wilt, and gray leaf spot. Bull. Hawaii Agric. Exp. Sta.103: 1-22.

Fromme, F. D., S. A. Wingard, & C. N. Priode. 1927. Ring spot of tobacco; an infectious disease ofunknown cause. Phytopath. 17: 321-328.

Garcia, 0., & J. M. Feldman. 1978. Natural infection of artichoke by tomato spotted wilt virus. PlantDis. Rep. 62: 1076-1077.

Gardner, M. W., & 0. C. Whipple. 1934. Spotted wilt of tomatoes and its transmission by thrips.Phytopath. 24: 1136.

Gardner, M. W., C. M. Tomkins, & 0. C. Whipple. 1935. Spotted wilt of truck crops and ornamentalplants. Phytopath. 25: 17.

Gonsalves, D. & E. E. Trujillo. 1986. Tomato spotted wilt virus in papaya and detection of the virus byELISA. Plant Disease 70: 501-506.

Greber, R.S., & G. J. P. McCarthy. 1977. A disease of Duboisia caused by tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV). Aust. Plant Path. Soc. Newsl. 6: 54-55.

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14

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mottle disease of watermelon caused by tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Dis. 68: 1006-1008.Jones, L. K. 1944. Streak and mosaic of Cineraria. Phytopath. 34: 941-953Jones, R. K. & J. R. Baker. 1989. Tomato spotted wilt virus: prospects for 1989. N. C. Flower Growers

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15

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updated: November, 1991

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