toney l ferguson sr. m.b.a., m.p.m unit 4. agenda scientific management trends in human resources...
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Scientific ManagementTRANSCRIPT
TONEY L FERGUSON SR. M.B.A., M.P.M
Unit 4
Agenda
Scientific Management
Trends in Human Resources Management
Importance of Project Management
Q and A Session
Scientific Management
Scientific Management
Scientific management is breaking jobs into smaller tasks.
Advantages Increased output Lower labor costs Minimal training
Disadvantages Boredom Lack of motivation Physical fatigue Mental fatigue
Motion Study
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-5
• Used to ensure efficiency of motion in a job• Frank & Lillian Gilbreth• Find one “best way” to do task• Use videotape to study motions
Motion Study Guidelines
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-6
• Efficient Use Of Human Body• Work
•simplified, rhythmic and symmetric• Hand/arm motions
•coordinated and simultaneous• Employ full extent of physical capabilities• Conserve energy
•use machines, minimize distances, use momentum• Tasks
•simple, minimal eye contact and muscular effort, no unnecessary motions, delays or idleness
Motion Study Guidelines
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-7
• Efficient Arrangement of Workplace• Tools, material, equipment - designated, easily accessible location• Comfortable and healthy seating and work area
• Efficient Use of Equipment• Equipment and mechanized tools enhance worker abilities• Use foot-operated equipment to relieve hand/arm stress• Construct and arrange equipment to fit worker use
Trends in Human Resources Management
Famous Quote
Employees are companies most valuable resource
Human Resources and Quality Management
Employees play important role in quality management
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award winners have a pervasive human resource focus
Employee training and education are recognized as necessary long-term investments
Employees have power to make decisions that will improve quality and customer service
Strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-10
Changing Nature of Human Resources Management
Scientific management• Breaking down jobs into
elemental activities and simplifying job design
Jobs• Comprise a set of tasks,
elements, and job motions (basic physical movements)
In a piece-rate wage system, pay is based on output
Assembly-line • Production meshed with
principles of scientific management
Advantages of task specialization• High output, low costs,
and minimal trainingDisadvantages of task
specialization• Boredom, lack of
motivation, and physical and mental fatigue
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-11
Contemporary Trends in Human Resources Management
Job training• extensive and varied• two of Deming’s 14
points refer to employee education and training
Cross Training• an employee learns more
than one jobJob rotation
• horizontal movement between two or more jobs according to a plan
Empowerment• giving employees
authority to make decisions
Teams• group of employees work
on problems in their immediate work area
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-12
Trends in Human Resources Management
Flexible time Employees are able to choose work time.
What are advantages? What are disadvantages?
Telecommuting Employees work electronically from any location
What are advantages What are disadvantages
Employee Compensation
Gainsharing an incentive plan joins employees in a common
effort to achieve company goals in which they share in the gains
Profit sharing sets aside a portion of profits for employees at
year’s end
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8-14
Trends in Human Resources Management
Why should companies be concerned with Human Capital (People)? To gain more productivity To improve morale To make more money
Project Management
Project Management ProcessProject
• unique, one-time operational activity or effort
9-17Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Project Team and Project ManagerProject team
made up of individuals from various areas and departments within a company
Matrix organization a team structure with members from
functional areas, depending on skills requiredProject manager
most important member of project team
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9-18
Project Management Process
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9-19
Scope Statement
Scope statement a document that provides an understanding,
justification, and expected result of a projectStatement of work
written description of objectives of a project
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9-20
Work Breakdown Structure
Description of project work activities or tasks
It is the map of a project Outlines different levels of
a project Lowest level is called work
packages Work packages are short
duration tasks Cost estimates are
included in WBS WBS tracks cost and work
performance
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9-22
Work Breakdown Structure for Computer Order Processing System Project
Gantt Chart
Graph or bar chart Bars represent the time for each taskBars also indicate status of tasksProvides visual display of project schedule
Slack amount of time an activity can be delayed without
delaying the project
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9-23
Example of Gantt Chart
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9-24| | | | |
Activity
Design house and obtain financing
Lay foundation
Order and receive materials
Build house
Select paint
Select carpet
Finish work
0 2 4 6 8 10Month
Month1 3 5 7 9
Any Questions
Thank you for your attendance this evening. Are there any questions at this time?