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Biomass OverviewHong c Chnh KTHH7Phan Duy Bng KTHH8L/O/G/OWhat is biomass?All organic matter is known as biomass, and the energy released from biomass when it is eaten, burnt or converted into fuels is called biomass energy.Why use biomass? Fossil fuels are finite

Global warming reduction

Biomass is renewable

Why is biomass?Biomass provides a clean, renewable energy source. Biomass energy generates far less air emissions than fossil fuels.

Unlike combustion of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide released by biomass is balanced by carbon dioxide captured in the recent growth of the biomass, so there is far less net impact on greenhouse gas levels.

Where does biomass come from ? Biomass is obtained from any plant, human or animal derived organic matter.Wood from trees, agricultural crops, wood factory waste, and the construction industryBurnt wood from forest firesAnimals and animal droppings

Biomass Energy Use in Asian Countries CountryEnergy consumption(PJ/million people)Percentage of Biomass Energy in Total EnergyGDP per Capita(US$)Nepal 13,390,20199Myanmar8,487,40288Cambodia9,285,10384Bhutan9,682,7222Viet Nam14,477,70865Lao PDR977,2363Biomass Energy Use in Asian Countries

Biomass Energy Use in Asian Countries

How was biomass used in the past?Biomass was the first fuel mankind learned to use for energy. Burning wood for warmth and cooking and keeping wild animals awaySome of the earliest power plants in America were fueled by wood materialMany cultures used animal dung to burn, and some are still doing this today

Biomass AdvantagesRenewable resourceReduces landfillsProtects clean water suppliesReduces acid rain and smogReduces greenhouse gasesCarbon dioxideMethane

Biomass ConversionFeedstock Supply Residues Dedicated CropsHarvesting and Handling Collection Processing StorageTransportation

ConversionThermochemicalCombustionGasificationPyrolysisOtherBiochemicalAnaerobic (fermentation) Anaerobic Digestion Alcohol FermentationAerobicCompostingActivated (oxygenated) waste treatmentDirect HydrogenPhysicochemical Oil extraction Hydrocarbon extractionUtilizationBiopowerProcess and Space HeatingPower generationBiofuelsEthanolBiodieselMethanolPyrolisis liquidsBiogas (methane + CO2) including digester and landfill gas Synthesis gases (CO + H2)(for further refinement to liquid/gaseous fuels) HydrogenCharcoal Biomass solids OthersBioproducts Citric and other acids Composite materials FertilizerFibers Lubricants OthersPesticides Structural materials Surfactants

DisadvantagesCrop and forest residues often contain high concentrations of important nutrientsIf the residue is harvested as energy, the nutrients can be lost to the surrounding environment.Other synthetic chemical nutrients or fertilizers can later be addedMore plants and trees must be planted, because they will be used in a higher quantity