TONY GARNIER: UNE CITE’ INDUSTRIELLE (1918)

Tony Garniers Une Cite industrialle is a well coordinated and monumentally conceived plan incorporating a utopian and a modernist vision for a population of 35,000 inhabitants.The city was envisaged in detail having facilities like schools,hospitals,factories,residential quarters and recreational facilities.

His proposal included:A decentralised layoutTraffic-free pedestrian zones,Residential districts with gardens to emphasize continuous pedestrianCirculation and orientation Placement to follow local climatic design variables.

Garnier heavily stressed on “regulations” embodied in his planning principles and design. The proposed material-CONCRETE which would permit open plan and roof terraces and glass windows for letting in ample amount of sunlight and natural ventilation.

1.LAYOUTPOPULATION- 35,000 inhabitantsSITE- equal amount of hillside and level plain transected by a river assumed in southeastern France.Main factory situated on the plain while the railway track divides the factory and the town which is located on the higher plain.The hospital is located on the highest level.BUILDING MATERIALS: Indigenous to the town

Reasons of establishing the town:Availability of raw materials for manufacturingExistence of a natural energy source available for industrial purposesSite’s accessibility to transportation Rushing stream advantageous for a dam

PRINCIPLE ELEMENTS

Factory

Town

Hospital

2.HOUSINGResidential quarters subdidvided into blocks-150m X 30m and further divided into 15m X 15m.At least one south facing window in each bedroom.Internal space to be ventilated directly from outside and not rely on internal shafts.

SITE

RESIDENCE

GROUND COVERAGE OF RESIDENCE < 50 % OF SITE

PUBLIC PATHWAY

GARDEN

ILLUSTRATION SHOWING LAYOUT OF VARIOUS FUNCTIONS IN THE INDUSTRIAL CITY

The street layout is a grid of parallel and perpendicular streets.

STREETSE-W streets- 13-19 M WIDE,originates at the railway stationN-S streets-20M WIDE,trees lined on either side

Plan of residential quarter

3.ADMINISTRATION-PUBLIC BUILDINGS

GROUP I: Administrative services and assembly halls

GROUP II: Museum

GROUP III: Public buildings for sports and entertainment

GROUP I: Administrative services and assembly halls

Open hall with a capacity of 3000 with continuous access to public.

3 Amphitheatres-Largest one with 1000 seating capacity,restwith 500 seating capacity

Meeting rooms located beneath a portico providing a covered promenade and spacious area where people can meet.

Clock tower indicating the centre of the town

GROUP II: Museum

Archaeological,historical,artistic,industrial,commercialdocuments relating to the city.

Botanical collections in a large Greenhouse.

Library,Map room and surrounding storerooms

A large hall for temporary exhibitions, with four separate entrances so that several small exhibitions can

be set up at once.

GROUP III: Public buildings for sports and entertainment

Theatre and entertainment hall (1,900 seating) with movable stage for quick scene changes, green rooms,public restaurant.

Semi circular amphitheatre.

Gymnasia

Public bath building with both heated and unheated pools.

Athletic fields, tracks for cycling and running boredered by a grandstands,grassy terraces and screened by trees.

4.SCHOOLSPrimary co-ed schools conveniently located throughout the city’s neighbourhoods for children upto fourteen years of age.A landscape street will separate the juniors and the seniors with play areas for use including open porticos and arcades.Secondary schools will be situated in N-E part of the town.The school principal and the staff will be provided with residences nearby.Provision for Professional industrial school concerned with supporting two major industries of silk and metallurgy has also been made.

5.HEALTH FACILITIES715 bedded hospital situated on the hillside towards the north of the city.Trees planted towards the E-W formed a shelter from the cold mountain winds.

HEALTH COMPLEX

HOSPITALHELIOTHERAPY CENTER

HOSPITAL FOR CONTAGIOUS DISEASES

HOSPITAL FOR INVALID DISEASES

6.RAILWAY STATIONThe average sized railway station is sited at the intersection of the great artery leading out of town and into the streets along the riverbank.Housing,hotels,department stores are located around the railway station so that the rest of the city is free of tall structures.The railway station faces an open market.Railway yard is situated farthest to the east,public amenities are at the street level,undergroundwalkways equipped with waiting rooms.

SECTION OF THE RAILWAY STATION (UNE CITE’ INDUSTRIELLE)

6.PUBLIC SERVICESThe administration is in charge of sewage and garbage diposal and recycling of refuse.The Municipal will also control water supply, electrical power, and heating for industrial aswell as for private consumption, It requires a centralized plant to provide such services to all buildings and other areas of the city

7.FACTORIESThe nearby mines supply facilitate metallurgy works hence being the major industrial produce of the city.The hydropower plant is the main source of energy for the industries as well as the city.The factory produce includes steel rods,metal,wheels and agricultural tools.

FACTORY COMPLEX

BLAST FURNACES STEEL MILLS WORKSHOPS SHIP DOCKYARD VEHICLE TESTING TRACKS

7.CONSTRUCTION MATERIALSConcrete-Walls and foundationsR.C.C-sills and roofingConstruction quality: simple,without ornamentation and with sheer surfaces.Use of concrete and cement to obtain large vertical and horizontal surfaces.It endows the building structure with a sense of calm and is in harmony with the natural contours of the site.

Tony Garnier's vision proposed what he saw as a solution to the problems that faced man and society at that time.In his praise, Edouard Herriot said:“This builder, this realistic person, was spontaneously human. His sensitivity was only equal to his modesty. His culture proved to be often surprising. Indeed, Tony Garnier was a master, with all the nobleness and intelligence included in this word. A master, which means a guide and an example… But the Man was as admirable as the scholar; his moral qualities were equal to his genius.”

REFERENCESTime saver standards for urban designArchitecture+UrbanismGoogle Books Preview Une’ City Industrielle- Tony GarnierIMAGEShttp://www.arch.umd.eduhttp://utopies.skynetblogs.be/archive/2008/12/09/tony-garnier-1869-1948-la-cite-industrielle.htmlTime saver standards for urban design

SUBMITTED BY:Tejasi Gadkari30/08IX sem