tool identification ag structures. terms tools-any instrument used in doing work hand tool- any...
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Tool Identification
AG STRUCTURES
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TermsTools-any instrument used in doing workHand tool- any tool operated by hand to do workPower tool- operated by some source of power other than human power
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Advantages of Using Hand ToolsEffective & efficientUse hand tools when electrical or engine power is not availableUsed for small jobs, where large machines can’t function
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Selecting Hand ToolsSelect quality toolsBrand names=better quality toolsUsing wrong tool can be dangerous, can damage the tool, and result in inferior work
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Layout Tools
Tool used to measure or mark wood, metal, and other materials.
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Tape Measurer
Come in lengths ranging from 6 foot to 30 foot, a width of ½ to 1 inch,
Can lock open, and use a spring to retract the tape with the push of a button.
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Combination SquareDetermining 45 and 90 degree angles
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Framing Square
Squaring cut corners and laying out stairs and rafters
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Try Square
90 degree squaring
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Framing Square
Squaring cut corners and laying out stairs and rafters
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Level
Leveling and plumbing
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Other Measuring Layout ToolsElectronic Tape Measure
Divider-
Marking Gauge
Chalk Line
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ONCE MATERIALS ARE MEASURED AND MARKED, THEY NEED TO BE CUT, SHAPED, AND BORED AS NEEDED TO PREPARE FOR ASSEMBLING
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SawsClassified by use and teeth per inch. An 8-point saw would have 8 teeth per inch.Handsaws include the:Crosscut, rip, compass or keyhole, coping and backsaw.
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Coping Saw
Cutting curves and irregular cuts in thin materials
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Hack Saw
Used for sawing metal
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Shaping Tools
Includes planes, wood chisel, and rasps.
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PlaneTool used to smooth surfaces and change the size or shape of wood materials.Planes include:
Jack PlaneSmoothing PlaneBlock Plane
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Jack PlaneUsually 14 inches longUsed for smoothing long surfaces by shaving with the grain of the wood
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Smoothing Plane
Usually 8 inches long,
Used with the grain and to finish smoothing
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Block PlaneUsually 6 to 6½ inches long Used for smoothing the ends of boards by cutting across the grain. To avoid splitting corners, clamp a piece of wood on both edges of the board or plane from the edge toward the center.
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Wood ChiselWedge-shaped cutting tool used to cut notches and shaving off excess woodCome in a variety of widths and are generally hit with a wooden mallet.
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Wood ChiselKeep the chisel sharp for safe and effective use. To mark a slot turn the bevel of the chisel inward and up to cut shallow, and down to cut deep.
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Wood RaspAlso known as a wood file
Used for smoothing rough work and for removing small amounts of wood on curved and irregular-shaped objects.
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Wood RaspBe sure the rasp has a handle.
Apply pressure on the forward stroke.
Clean the rasp with a wire brush or file card.
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Boring ToolsIncludes thehand drillpush drillbrace and bit
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Hand DrillDevice with gears that drive its bit much faster than the handle turns It is used for small holes when it is not convenient to use an electric drill
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Brace
Device for holding and turning an auger bit
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Auger BitSquare tang to fit into the brace.
The cutting end has a feed screw, cutting lips, and cutting spurs
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Auger BitDrill until the feed screw begins to come through the wood, then back out the bit, and turn the wood over to finish the hole from the other side
Prevents the wood from splintering out
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Holding or Gripping Tools
Help complete the job quicker, easier, and safer Clamps and vises
Used to hold or grip wood or metal while being cut, shaped, bored, and fastened
Pliers, wrenches, and screwdrivers Used at times for holding, gripping, or turning.
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C-ClampsClamping two or more pieces of metal togetherNamed after It’s C Shape
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Bar Clamps
Adjustable clamp that can range from a few inches to six feet
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Hand Screw Clamp
Clamping wood togetherCan span up to 10 inchesRequires two hands for tightening
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Miter ClampsUsed for tightening corners Example: Making a picture frame.
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Machinist’s ViseMade for heavy duty workHave jaws that grip materials to keep them from slippingOften mounted to a shop table.
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PliersTypes:Combination pliers Needle nose pliers Diagonal side cutting pliersChannel lock pliersLocking pliers
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Combination Pliers
Also called adjustable & slip joint
Adjust for holding various size material
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Needle Nose Pliers
Reaching into recessed areas
Twist wire
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Diagonal Cutting Pliers
Also known as Lineman’s Pliers
Surface and diagonal wire cutting
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Groove Joint Pliers
Several size adjustments
Gripping when great pressure is needed
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Vise Grip Pliers
For extra firm gripping
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WrenchesUsed for gripping and tightening Include
adjustable jaw, fixed jawsocketset screw, andpipe wrenches.
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Adjustable Wrench
Often called crescent wrench
Turning various size nuts and bolts
When using, pull against stronger, stationary jaw of wrench
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Combination WrenchTuring hex and square nuts and bolts
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Open End Wrench
Turning square head nuts and bolts
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Box End WrenchTurning hex head nuts and bolts.
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Socket SetsOffer the option of a breaker bar to loosen tight nuts.Offer speed of a ratchet handle to loosen the nuts quickly
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Allen Wrench
Turning Hex head sockets screws
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Screwdrivers Either:
StandardPhillips
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Standard or Flat BladeUsed with standard size slotsSelect a screwdriver that fills the width and depth of the screw slotLonger handles give the maximum leverage for tightening and loosening
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Phillips Screwdriver
Turning Phillips head screwsEasier to tighten or loosed because of screwdriver is less likely to slip out of the screw slot.
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DrivingDriving toolsTo fasten building materials together.Examples: Hammers and Staplers
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Curved Claw hammersMost commonly used hammers to drive and pull nails.
Handles may be wood, metal, or fiberglass.
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Using a Curved Claw Hammer Whatever the nail size:◦Hold the nail◦Tap it until it will stand on its own◦Then grip the handle near the end hitting the nail square with a long swinging stroke.
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Straight Claw hammersCan be used to rip boards.Just as good as the curved claw hammer for driving nailsNot as effective when trying to pull bent nails
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Ball Pein HammerUsed when hammering metal
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MalletsWooden Mallets may be used with wood chisels made with a metal shank.Rubber Mallets are useful when there is concern of damaging the material that is being driven.
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Sledge Hammer
Heavy HammeringUsed for driving stakes, wrecking materials that need to be removedUse two hands for maximum delivery of power
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Wrecking Bar/Crow Bar
Used for Ripping and prying
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Bolt CuttersCutting bolts and steel rods