Andrea Braga, PE, CPESCSenior Engineer

VUSP PA Stormwater SymposiumOctober 14, 2015

Tools for Climate Change Adaptation: Intelligent Control of Green Infrastructure

Tools for Climate Change Adaptation :Intelligent Control of Infrastructure

in the Coastal Zone

Storm Surge Resiliency Network for New York City

Goal: Site-Specific and Regional Management of Storm Surge / Flooding Risk for Small Businesses

Functions:

Monitor Existing Conditions

Display Data on Dashboard

Compute Regional and Site-Specific Risk

Send User Alerts

Recommend Risk Mitigation Actions

Current Business StatusColors show current risk

New York City Storm Surge Resiliency Network

Network-Wide Risk

System-Wide MapLocation marker colors show current risk

Network-wide Dashboard

Business Name Location Current Risk

ABC Business Staten Island

EFG Business Brooklyn

HIJ Business Queens

KLM Business Manhattan

To see more, scroll down

Business’ Current RiskColors show current risk

Network-wide Dashboard View

Building MapCorresponds to Flood Prevention Actions listed in Checklist

New York City Storm Surge Resiliency Network

Flood Risk

Building Flood Prevention ActionsGo through list in order to prevent building flooding

Flood Prevention Action Checklist:

Close and lock basement loading dock door (ensure door is sealed)

Deploy sandbags at southeast basement access door

Basement

Stair access

FreightElevators

Southeast Access DoorLoading

Dock Door

D Street

Dashboard for:

Building ABC123 D StreetNew York, NY 12345

Business Dashboard View

Active Floodproofing for New York City

AfterBeforeBefore

• a network of sensors and active and passively controlled floodproofing measures to help protect against localized flooding

• the platform will deploy Active Floodproofing measures remotely based on interpretation of incoming real-time data streams from local, site-specific sensor information as well as regional storm surge forecasts.

Internet Based Weather Forecast or other internet

data sources (Web service API)

User Interface Web Services and User Dashboards

OptiRTC Data Aggregator and Decision SpaceData Logging and Telemetry

Solutions

Field Monitoring and Control(Sensors, Gauges, and Actuators)

AlertsEmailTweetSMS

Voice Autodial

Azure Tables/Blobs

Platform Overview

Rapid Deployment Field “Kits”With Wireless Sensors

Ideas & Applications!

Great, so how can we use intelligent controls for Climate Change Adaptation?

Salt Marsh Restoration Flood Control Adaptive Management

Reduced Tidal

Flushing

Degraded Water Quality

Loss of Habitat

Upstream Subsidence

Tidal Restrictions & Issues

Tidal Restrictions

Undersized Culverts

Duck Bills

Flap Gates

How to Manage?

Goal: Maximize tidal flushing and restoration while increasing flood protection resiliency

Considerations:

Climate Change

Habitat Restoration

Potential

Stakeholder Needs

CostExisting

Upstream Infrastructure

Maintenance

• Salt Marsh Restoration Scenario

Salt Marsh Restoration Scenario: Low Tide – Valve Open

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Salt Marsh Restoration ScenarioIncoming Tide – Valve Open

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Salt Marsh Restoration ScenarioHigh Tide – Valve Open

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Restricted Mean High Tide is much lower than unrestricted.

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Salt Marsh Restoration ScenarioEbbing Tide – Valve Closed

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Valve is closed as tide ebbs to maintain restricted mean high tide water level

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Salt Marsh Restoration ScenarioLow Tide – Valve Closed

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Valve remains closed until low tide to maintain restricted mean high tide water level

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

• Flood Control Scenario

Flood Control ScenarioHigh Tide – Valve Open

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Restricted Mean High Tide is much lower than unrestricted.

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Flood Control Scenario: Low Tide – Valve Open

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Flood Control Scenario: High Tide – Valve Closed

Unrestricted Marsh Restricted Marsh

Tide Gate

Restricted marsh is drained before the storm to provide

enhanced storage

Pressure Transducer

Pressure Transducer

Site-Specific Controls Dashboard

Tide Gate

Inundation GoalAbove Goal 0%, Below Goal 100%

Remote Reality: Current System Status

US NOAA at Cohasset Harbor: Current Tidal Predictions

Adaptive Management through Real-Time Control

• Adaptive Management

Adaptive Surface Water Management Using Intelligent Controls

• Advanced rainwater harvesting• Predictive retention and detention

systems using precipitation forecasts• Controlled under drain bioretention• Active porous pavement systems• Active blue and green roofs

Smart Stormwater Control

Advanced Rainwater Harvesting System Concept

Goal: Storage for both effective wet weather control and on-site use

System Description– Cistern installed to store runoff and make available

on-site– Web-based precipitation forecasts are used to

automatically control releases to downstream BMPs (e.g., infiltration/bioretention) or MS4

Case Study:Advanced Rainwater Harvesting System

Conowingo Elementary School

Conowingo ARH – DashboardSystem Behavior Week of 5/30/2015

Conowingo ARH – DashboardSystem Behavior Week of 5/30/2015

How much of a difference can these systems make??

Observed(With RTC)

Modeled(Without RTC)

Overall Wet Weather Volume Reduction 86% 21%

Mean Peak Flow Reduction 93% 11%

Overflow Frequency 18% 58%Dry Rain Tank Frequency 0% 0%

*DeBusk, 2013

Advanced Rainwater Harvesting System from NC State install:

Outlet Control Structure Retrofit for Water Quality Enhancement

Balance Flood Control and Water Quality

Dray Pond Retrofit

Case Study:TX, Pond/Flood Control Retrofit

Depth Time Series and Average Hydraulic Residence Time for Passive Outlet

Technology Application: Modeled Wetland Pond/water Feature Retrofits

North Carolina Design ( collaboration with Bill Hunt)

Depth Time Series and Average Hydraulic Residence Time for Actively Controlled Outlet

Average Hydraulic Residence Time

13 days

Average Hydraulic Residence Time

24 days

Thanks for your time! Any Questions?