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Tools for Iris Recognition Engines
Martin George – CEO
Smart Sensors Limited (UK)
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission2
About Smart Sensors Limited
Owns and develops Intellectual Property for image recognition, identification and analytics applications
Primarily applied (to date) in the form of software development tools and know-how for iris biometrics (algorithms and recognition engines)
We work with camera manufacturers and systems integrators, aiming to be “agnostic” to image source
“Small footprint” methods give rapid performance and ability to scale to many different processor platforms (PC, PDA, Linux, DSP)
MIRLIN = Monro Iris Recognition Library and INterface, based on work of Prof. Don Monro (University of Bath, UK)
Very competitive performance
Changing the iris biometrics business model to one that makes economic sense for developers and end-users
Implementations and licence terms that open up volume markets
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission3
Key benefits of Iris Recognition
Fundamentally simpleØ A digital photo of the eye, using night-vision illumination
(Near Infra-Red = NIR)
Exceptional discrimination powerØ Excellent for IDENTIFICATION applicationsØ De-duplication in large scale enrolment programs
Non-contact, hands-free usageØ Non-intrusive, Convenient, Versatile
Good where fingerprints are not goodØ Low and high humidity, manual workers, elderly, …
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission4
Myth-busting
Iris Scanning No “scanning” is involved. A simple digital photo of the eye surface is taken, using a low level of near-infra red light.
Doesn’t it use lasers? No. The illuminators are Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and are just below the visible spectrum – very similar to night vision cameras.
Intrusively images the back of the eye
That is for retinal recognition. Iris recognition should not be confused in any way with retinal recognition.
The iris changes if you’re ill
Iris recognition biometrics looks at the fibrous tissue structure of the iris, which is fully stable a few months after birth. Iridology (the alternative health practice of recognising illness from the iris) has not been proven in any medical studies, and moreover relates to colour.
Identical twins have similar eyes
The fibrous tissue of the iris develops in a completely random way, and is not genetically dependent. Identical twins have different irises (as indeed are left and right eyes).
You will already be well aware of these issues, but in our experience public users and some deployers still have misperceptions of iris biometrics:
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission5
Localization
Normalization
Feature Extraction
EnrolledDatabase
ClassifierMatch
PASSor
Divert
Extract Eye Image,Pupil/Iris segmentation
Feature Vector(Template)
Image Enhanced
Typical Iris Recognition system process
User passing through
Decision Watchlist
Read enrolled template or interoperable image
(e.g. IREX Kind 7) from Card/Credential
*
*
* Please note these intermediate images are a proprietary format, and not derived from IREX Kind 16 or 48
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission6
MIRLIN - Basic Features
Proprietary transform, Rapid Iris/Pupil finder, Rotation compensation, Specularity masking/scrubbing
Quality metrics enable rapid image assessment before computing resource is spent on image segmentation
Optimised for images acquired with NIR light sources: 720 – 900nm, >0.5 mW/cm2 irradiance
Iris image resolution conforming to ISO/IEC 19794-6Ø Minimum (in current image standard): 100 pixelsØ Recommended for optimum performance: 200 pixels+
Fast template matching based on Hamming DistanceØ Uses simple XOR logicØ Typically 500,000 matches per second with common PC
server configurations. Much more with hardware accelerator
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission7
Target applications
Physical access control (PAC): Non-contactØ Building Access and Security Policy Management SystemØ Time and Attendance
Logical Access ControlØ Security of access for workstationsØ Links easily with PAC and Building Management systemsØ Ideal for Access Hierarchy and Policy setting systems that
are based on presence of particular individual(s)
Border control and Frequent Traveller ProgramsØ Use with large databases and watch lists, no contact needed
Military, Security, Emergency and Law Enforcement forcesØ Mobile units with credential readersØ Force protection, Base access, ID on the move
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission8
Liveness Detection andSpoof Counter-measures
Video frame rate image processing and template creation enables real-time liveness checks via pupil and template dynamics
Frame-rate measurements of pupil position, size and pupil/iris ratio
Synchronize illumination changes with detection of pupil behaviour
Blink detection
Printed pattern contact lenses if not transparent to NIR detected via anomalies in dynamic template creation
Dilation drops alter iris texture behaviour as well as causing abnormal iris/pupil size ratio
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission9
MIRLIN Iris Analyst™
Import and Review iris image databases; image normalisation
Create ROC and DET charts with data output to .CSV
Analysis of six image metrics: Ø Average grey levelØ ContrastØ SaturationØ Signal-noise ratioØ Sharpness assessmentØ Occlusion
Binning of performance data according to image metrics scores
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission10
New techniquesA second set of data from the same iris image
Different error profile compared to spatial frequency domain techniques (almost all others)
Offers “dispute resolution” potential on very large databases or identification applications
Works on segmented images (i.e. requires iris texture only)
Non-match Match
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission11
New techniques – Fast database matching
For rapid matching within very large databases
Exploits proprietary template indexing techniques
2,500 class look-ups/sec, on ANY database size
Example: 4TB RAM holds ~50M indexed ID records, and can support 2,500 ID queries/second run by a single PC
Can be used with other binary templates (e.g. fingerprints)
Based on Smart Sensors’ US patent applications:
Fast Database MatchingØ 23 October 2006, ASN 11/585,365. Publication no. 20080097992
Fuzzy Database MatchingØ 23 October 2006, ASN 11/585,358. Publication no. 20080097983
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission12
Partner examples: Stand-off Iris CaptureSarnoff Iris On the Move™
• Require minimal user co-operation
• Cope with glasses, contact lenses, etc.
• Opportunity to integrate facial recognition
• Identification mode - no contact needed
• Handle 20 people per minute throughput
• Optics and photon budget MUST be right!
• Iris feature processing near frame rate
• Adaptive Optics puts the icing on the cake
Requirements of Stand-Off Iris Capture
AOptixInSight™: at 1.5-3m distance!
MIRLIN compatible and demonstrated with these systems: the default option with InSight™
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission13
Partner examples: Datastrip Mobile ID
Runs on Windows CE
Typical 0.9s iris enrolment
Auto iris capture
On-board capacity for 4000 data records, with local 4000:1 ID Match (all three biometrics)
Wireless communication to server for unlimited external template comparison capacity
New DSV2+ Turbo Multimodal mobile reader incorporates MIRLIN Iris Recognition Engine with TRIAD application software
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission14
Partner examples: Vista Imaging
USB 2.0 interface
Provides video image stream
Automatic iris capture mode
Standard camera tripod mount
“Cold” mirror enables easyself-acquisition of images
Ultrasonic auto-range sensor
MT2: Multi-modal with iriscamera, face camera andoptical fingerprint sensors
FA2: Combination Iris andFace camera (separate sensors)
Full audio interface (mic+spkr)
MT2: Multi-modal biometric acquisition unit for handheld or mounted use by operator, or by user
FA2:Compact iris/face acquisition module for door-mounted, tripod, or hand-held operation (actual size 93 x 93 x 50mm)
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission15
Smart Sensors Capability Summary
Iris/Pupil finderØ very rapid location of iris and pupil – coordinate outputØ ideal for camera developers
MIRLIN SDK - fully featured software toolkit Ø for iris recognition engines and back-end ID server systemsØ excellent cross-platform support
Bath Iris Image DatabaseØ up to 800 people / 1600 eyes / 32,000 imagesØ ideal resource for test and evaluation
MIRLIN Iris Analyst™Ø integrated suite of tools that generates ROC/DET curves and
bins images according to quality metrics vs. performance
© Smart Sensors Ltd, 2009. Company proprietary – please do not distribute without permission16
Contact Details
Further information available from:
Ø Smart Sensors LimitedCarpenter House Innovation CentreBATH, BA1 1UDUnited Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 1225 388690
Martin George – [email protected]