tools for protecting trees from acp -...
TRANSCRIPT
Tools for Protecting Trees from ACP Phil Stansly
SWFREC Immokalee, Florida
Acknowledgements Dr. Jawwad Qureshi
Barry Kostyk José Castillo
Robert Riefer
Monica Triana
Scott Croxton
Dr. César Monzó Dr. Moneen Jones
Benny Peña Cameron Brennan Zach Lahey
Living with HLB in Florida • In lieu of “magic bullet” integration of all available tools
required to manage HLB effectively • Insecticides to slow spread of HLB
– Criteria: effectiveness, resistance management, conservation of natural enemies
– Dormant sprays of pyrethroids and/or OPs. preferably area wide – Different and more selective chemical classes for growing season
depending on pest populations – Systemic insecticides for young trees – Thresholds for infected groves ?
• Cultural practices to improve tree health – Corrective foliar nutrition to compensate for HLB deficiencies – High density plantings and fertigation for rapid growth and
production – Metalized mulch for psyllid repellency in new plantings
Tools for Protecting Trees from ACP
• Spray schedules with presently available products
• Conserving natural enemies • Oil program? • Recent trials with foliar applied insecticides. • New product features • Spray Schedules with new products included • Young tree program • Conclusions and recommendations
Months Nov-Dec
Jan Feb-Mar Apr May -June
July - Aug
Sep-Oct
Products OP Pyrethoroid Movento Portal Micromite Intrepid Delegate
OIL Delegate Movento Abamectin AgriFlex Voliam Flexi Knack
Oil Micromite Delegate Portal Movento
Pests ACP ACP Weevils
ACP Mites Leafminer Weevils Scales
Everything ACP Rust mite Leafminer Scales
Everything ACP Leafminer Rustmite Scales Mealybugs
Spray Calendar for Pest Management
Dormant Growing
– Efficacy • Adults/nymphs • Secondary pests
– Resistance management
• Frequency of use • Rotation MOAs
– Conservation beneficials
• Broad-spectrum vs Selective
Criteria
Grower Standard Sprays 2011 Product Rate 2012 Product Rate 23-Mar Carbaryl 4L 3-3-gal 17-Jan Danitol 16oz 8-Apr Aza Direct 6oz 12-Mar Micromite 6.25oz 21-Apr Actara 5.5oz 11-Jul Delegate 3oz 14-Jun abamectin 10oz 17-May abamectin 16oz 30-Jun Dimethoate 20oz 10-Aug Dimethoate 16oz 29-Jul Delegate 4oz
Effectiveness of Biweekly LV (2 Gal/Ac) Sprays with 435 Oil
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2AC
P/2
taps
Grower StdOilUntrted
Beneficials: Worth Conserving!
Funnelweb Jumping Spitting Velox Widow
Selective Insecticides during Growing Season
• ‘Valencia’ orange trees planted 1998 • Trees pruned with a hand-held hedger to
induce new growth and encourage ACP infestation
• Both bed and swale sides of the trees were sprayed 22 Jan 2013 using a Durand Wayland 3P-10C-32 air blast speed sprayer @ 50 gpa or ProptecTM rotary atomizer sprayer @ 5 gpa
• RCBD design, 4 replicates • 5 trees per plot, 3 central trees included in
post treatment evaluations 1. Mustang 4.0 oz proptec 5 gpa 2. Mustang 4.0 oz 50 gpa 3. Baythroid 3.0 oz 5 gpa 4. Sivanto 7.0 oz 5 gpa 5. Sivanto 7.0 oz 50 gpa 6. Sivanto 10.5 oz 5 gpa 7. Sivanto 10.5 oz 50 gpa 8. Movento MPC 16.0 oz 50 gpa + 435 Oil 2 gal.
Bayer Trial 2013
Qureshi and Stansly, 2007
Estimation of ACP adults
“tap sample” -22 x 28 cm laminated white paper sheet or clipboard -Tap branches three times
Evaluation Methods
Estimation of nymphal and larval densities of ACP and CLM
-8 or 10 randomly selected shoots per plot collected and examined under a stereomicroscope in the laboratory to count ACP nymphs
- Three fully expanded leaves on each shoot examined to count CLM larvae
0
1
2
3
4
5
25 Jan 30 Jan 6 Feb 13 Feb
UntreatedMustang 4.0 oz 5 gpaMustang 4.0 oz 50 gpaBaythroid 3.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 50 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 5 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 50 gpaMovento 16.0 oz 50 gpa
ACP Nymphs
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
25 Jan 30 Jan 6 Feb 13 Feb 19 Feb 25 Feb 5 Mar
UntreatedMustang 4.0 oz 5 gpaMustang 4.0 oz 50 gpaBaythroid 3.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 50 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 5 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 50 gpaMovento 16.0 oz 50 gpa
Adult ACP
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
3 DAT 10 DAT 17 DAT 24 DAT
ACP
Nym
phs p
er le
af
Untreated check Danitol 16 oz Closer 3 oz Closer 4.2 oz
Exirel 16 oz Sivanto 10 oz Admire 7 oz Actara 5.5 oz
Voliam Flexi 5 oz Voliam Flexi 7 oz Agriflex 8.5 oz Agrimek 4.25
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3 DAT 10 DAT 17 DAT 24 DAT
CLM
Lar
vae
per 3
leav
es
Untreated check Danitol 16 ozCloser 3 oz Closer 4.2 ozExirel 16 oz Sivanto 10 ozAdmire 7 oz Actara 5.5 ozVoliam Flexi 5 oz Voliam Flexi 7 ozAgriflex 8.5 oz Agrimek 4.25
0
1
2
3
4
5
3 DAT 10 DAT 17 DAT 24 DAT 32 DAT 38 DAT 46 DAT 53 DAT 60 DAT 67 DAT 74 DAT
ACP
Adu
lts p
er T
ap
Untreated check Danitol 16 oz Closer 3 oz Closer 4.2 oz
Exirel 16 oz Sivanto 10 oz Admire 7 oz Actara 5.5 oz
Voliam Flexi 5 oz Voliam Flexi 7 oz Agriflex 8.5 oz Agrimek 4.25
3 –year old Hamlin, 10-tree plots, Sprayed 7 Jul 2012 Durand Weyland speed sprayer with fan disengaged
All treatments included 2% oil
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
3 DAT 7 DAT 13 DAT 21 DAT 28 DAT CLM 3 DAT
ACP
Nym
phs/
CLM
Lar
vae
Untreated Dibrom 16 ozLorsban 4E 5 pts Lorsban Ad 5 ptsPyrinex 1.2 gal Vulcan 5 ptsNexter 9.9 oz Nexter+M-pede*GWN 1708 30 oz *GWN 1708+M-Pede*GWN 1708 + Nexter *Portal 65 oz
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3 DAT 7 DAT 13 DAT 21 DAT 28 DAT 35 DAT 42 DAT
ACP
NAd
ults
per
tap
Untreated Dibrom 16 oz
Lorsban 4E 5 pts Lorsban Ad 5 pts
Pyrinex 1.2 gal Vulcan 5 pts
Nexter 9.9 oz Nexter+M-pede
*GWN 1708 30 oz *GWN 1708+M-Pede
*GWN 1708 + Nexter *Portal 65 oz
3 –year old Hamlin, 12-tree plots, Sprayed 31 July 2012 Durand Weyland speed sprayer with fan disengaged
* Applied with 2% oil
0
5
10
15
20
25
4 DAT 11 DAT 18 DAT 25 DAT CLM: 4 DAT
ACP
Nym
phs o
r CLM
La
rvae
/lea
f UntreatedPortal 24 ozPortal 32 oxPortal 64 ozApta 11 ozApta 14 ozApta 17 oz
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
4 DAT 11 DAT 18 DAT 25 DAT 32 DAT 40 DAT 47 DAT 54 DAT 61 DAT 68 DAT
ACP
Adul
ts p
er T
AP Untreated Portal 24 oz Portal 32 ox
Portal 64 oz Apta 11 oz Apta 14 ozApta 17 oz
5 –year old Hamlin, 5-tree plots, Sprayed 4 Oct 2012 Durand Weyland Speed sprayer with fan disengaged
All treatments with 1% oil
Product MOA* Label Rate (Oz/ac
PHI Bees Other Pests
Closer 4c Now
2.75-5.75 1 d Advisory Aphids, CRS
Sivanto 4(abcd?) Jun 14? 10-14 1 d Advisory Aphids thrips scales mealybugs whiteflies
Exirel 28 Jul 13 ? 13.5-20.5 1 d Toxic CLM
Apta 21 Sep 13? 14-27 14 d Toxic CRM
New insecticides for ACP control in Florida Citrus
*4: Nicotinoid 28: Diamid 21: METI (Mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)
Months Nov-Dec
Jan Feb-Mar Apr May -June
July - Aug
Sep-Oct
Products OP Pyrethroid Movento Portal Micromite Intrepid Delegate Exirel
OIL Apta Micromite Exirel Closer Sivanto
Delegate Movento Abamectin Exirel Closer Sivanto Knack
Oil Apta Closer Sivanto Micromite
Micromite Delegate Apta Movento Closer Sivanto
Pests ACP Weevils
ACP Weevils
ACP Mites Leafminer Weevils Scales
Mites Scales Leafminer Weevils Aphids
ACP Rust mite Leafminer Scales Aphids
Mites Leafminer Weevils Scales Mealybugs
ACP Leafminer Rustmite Scales Mealybugs
Spray Calendar for Pest Management Dormant Growing
– Efficacy • Adults/nymphs • Secondary pests
– Resistance management
• Frequency of use • Rotation MOAs
– Conservation beneficials
• Broad-spectrum vs Selective
Criteria
Protecting Young Trees Rotations of Neonicotinoids and Verimark (cyazypyr):
3-year Study
Suspension delivered by an EZ-Dose® sprayer operating at a pressure of 45 PSI and a flow rate of 3.7 gallons per minute
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
8 Aug 2011 30 Jan 2012 15 May 2012 27 Aug 2012
Treated
Untreated
Incidence of HLB
Trunk x-sectional area 2.2 in2 Trunk x-sectional area 4.0 in2
Tree Growth Jan 2013 (3 years)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
+ PC
R (%
)
Incidence HLB in 40 trees
5-Aug-11
5-Dec-11
200
400
600
800
1000
1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec
(mm
2 )
Trunk Cross Section
Silver
White
Bare Ground
Micro Jet
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-NovIn
fest
ed S
hoot
s (%
)
Psyllid Infestation Silver
White
Bare Ground
Metalized UF Reflective Mulch:
Scott Croxton
Conclusions and Recommendations • Best to apply organophosphates and especially pyrethroids only once
during dormant season • More selective sprays during growing season
− Target problem pests − Rotate modes of action − Conserve beneficials
• Agriflex (4A, 6) and Voliam Flexi (4A, 28) looked good in 2012 trials − Both are premixes and employ 2 modes of action − Both contain neonicotinoids needed for young trees
• Exeril (28), Apta (21A), Closer (4C) and Sivanto are promising new ACP products
• Verimark will provide an additional systemic MOA − Exeril and Verimark are the same product; share an MOA (28) with Voliam
• Frequent LV applications of oil useful • UV Reflective mulch provides additional protection to young trees