tools of quaity control

7/30/2019 Tools of Quaity Control

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7 Quality Tools


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The 7 Quality

Tools for

ProcessImprovements

Pareto Chart

Flow Charts

Cause-Effect Diagrams


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Where did the Basic Seven

come from?

Kaoru Ishikawa Known for Democratizing Statistics

The Basic Seven Tools made statistical analysis lesscomplicated for the average person

Good Visual Aids make statistical and quality controlmore comprehendible.


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What Is a Flowchart?

A diagram that uses graphic symbols

to depict the nature

and flow of the steps in a process.


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Benefits of Using Flowcharts

Promote process understanding

Provide tool for training Identify problem areas and improvement

opportunities

" Draw a flowchart for whatever you do. Until you do, you do not know

what you are doing, you just have a job.

-- Dr. W. Edwards Deming.


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Keys to Success

Start with the big picture Observe the current process

Record process steps Arrange the sequence of steps

Draw the Flowchart


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What Is a Cause and Effect

Diagram?

A graphic tool that helps identify, sort, and

display possible causes of a problem orquality characteristic.


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Benefits of Using

a Cause-and-Effect Diagram Helps determine root causes

Encourages group participation Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format

Indicates possible causes of variation Increases process knowledge

Identifies areas for collecting data


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Data Collection

Where What

Who How


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ShiftsShifts

D

efectType

D

efectType


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Pareto PrinciplePareto Principle

Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) Italian

economist 20% of the population has 80% of the wealth

adapted by J oseph J uran.Remember the 80/20 rule states that

approximately 80% of the problems are created byapproximately 20% of the causes.


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Pareto Charts


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Acme Pizza

Slices Frequency %

0 1 0.3

1 33 13.09

2 65 25.79

3 8 3.174 12 4.76

5 0 0

6 0 07 1 0.3


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Acme Pizza The completed Pareto Analysis results in the following:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Slices of Pizza

# t

i m e s

o r d

e r

e d

2 1 4 3 7 5 6


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Scatter DiagramsSlide 1 of 4

Scatter Diagrams Defined

Scatter Diagrams are used to study andidentify the possible relationship between thechanges observed in two different sets of

variables.


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Constructing a Scatter Diagram

1. collect two pieces of data and create a summarytable of the data.

2. Draw a diagram labeling the horizontal and verticalaxes.

3. It is common that the cause variable be labeled on the Xaxis and the effect variable be labeled on the Y axis.

4. Plot the data pairs on the diagram.

5. Interpret the scatter diagram for direction andstrength.


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Scatter DiagramScatter Diagram

.


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