top 25 virginia localities with the highest toxic air ... · pdf file1 from the 2015 toxic...

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From the 2015 Toxic Release Inventory Virginia Chapter of the Sierra Club

Top 25 Virginia Localities with the Highest Toxic Air Emissions

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Staff: Kate Addleson (Director), Eileen Levandoski (Assistant Director), Corrina Beall (Legislative & Political Director), Kendyl Crawford (Richmond Conservation Program Manager), Zach Jarjoura (Hampton Roads Conservation Program Manager), Mary-Stuart Torbeck (Richmond Community Outreach Coordinator), Kelsey Crane (Northern Virginia Conservation Program Coordinator), Kirk Bowers (Pipelines Conservation Program Coordinator), Ben Weiner (Communications Assistant), Kelly Adams (Administrative Assistant), Alice Redhead (Community Outreach Coordinator)

Copyright © 2017 Sierra Club Virginia Chapter

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Photo Credit: Cover: Tom LietzPage 5: Gerla BrakkeePage 22: Carlos Paes

Acknowledgements:We would like to acknowledge the help and assistance of Abigail Russo, Caleb Trump, Michael Willson and Kelli Wright. This report would not have been possible without

their faithful and dedicated work.

Special recognition must be given to community activists across the state working to raise awareness of the

issues impacting their communities! Thanks to Katherine Podlewski for her community highlight of Hopewell,

VA and Dr. Erica Holloman for her highlight of Newport News, VA.

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Trends from 1988 to 2015.......................................................................................................................10Naming Names…………………………………………………..................………..…….…..........................................11Community Right to Know………….....………………………............……….….......………………...…..................12Welcome Danville and Galax.................................................................................................................13Metropolitan Richmond, the Virginia Capital for Toxic Air Pollution…......….….................…........14Some Good News………………………………………………………………………………….........……….....................15Toxi Air is Just The Beginning……......…………………………………………………………...........…...................16Environmental Injustice..………………………………………………………….…...........….....................................18Where Do We Go from Here?………………………………………………………………….……............................20 Beyond the Top 25.……………………………………………………………………..................................….............20

1. Hopewell, Virginia (23860)….…………………………………………………………..........…….….....................252. Covington, Virginia (24426).……………...…………………...…………………......……………........................273. Chesterfield, Virginia (23836)………………………….......………………….….…………..........……...............28 4. Buchanan, Virginia (24631).…………………………………....……..…………......………..……........................295. Isle of Wight, Virginia (23836).…………….…………………..............……………..….……............……........306. West Point, Virginia (23181).………………….……………….........…...........…………………...........................317. Colonial Heights, Virginia (23834)..………….……………….…………...........……………..…….................328. Ashland, Virginia (23005).........………….…………………….…………………..............…............……..........33 9. Fieldale, Virginia (24089).……………………………….…………………………….…....................…….............3410. Radford, Virginia (24141) .………………………….………………………………….................….........….........3511. Cleveland, Virginia (24225) .……………..………………………………………..…….........….........…............3612. James City County, Virgina (23185) …………………………………………...…......................................37 13. Clover, Virginia (24534)…………………………....…………………........................……............................38 14. Richmond, Virginia (23234).…………….…..……...……………………….....…..............….......................39 15. Big Island, Virginia (24526).......................................…………...…………………………....…..................4016. Chesapeake, Virginia (23324).………..…….……………………………………..………................................4117. Amherst, Virginia (24521) .…………………………..……………………………….……….............…................4218. York, Virginia (23692).................................……………………………………………………….......................4319. Narrows, Virginia (24124)……………………………………………………………..…....…...............................4420. Arlington, Virginia (22201) ......................................…...……………………………..........…...................4521. Newport News, Virginia (23607)……………………..…………………...................................................4622. Galax, Virginia (24333).……..…………………………….................………………………............…...............4723. Gladys, Virginia (24554).………………………………………………………..…...........................…..............4824. Axton, Virginia (24054)....…………………………………..............……………..….................…..................4925. Danville, Virginia (24540)..………………….………………………...........…...…...…...............…….............50

Health Impacts……………………………………………………...………………........................................................53Health Effects of the Top Toxic Chemicals Released into Virginia Air.…......…..........................53

Table of ContentsIntroduction……………………………………………………………......…………………………………………………….............….6

Top 25 ZIP Codes with the Highest Amount of Toxic Air Emissions…........…….........……….........24

Health Impacts of the Top 15 Toxic Chemicals Released in VA…………...…….……….......................52

Community Spotlight: Radford (24141) ………….………………………………………….................……………....55Community Spotlight: Newport News (23607) ……………………………………………..………..…...............58Appendix 2015 Virginia Toxic Release Inventory By ZIP Code…………………………........................61

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Introduction

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Introduction

1https://www.epa.gov/planandbudget/budget2https://www.epa.gov/planandbudget/fy20183https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-05/documents/fy-2018-budget-in-brief.pdf4http://www.thecharlottepost.com/news/2017/05/31/national/flint-residents-still-suffering-forgotten-and-abandoned/

Recent shifts in leadership at the federal level have had a dramatic impact on the value placed on public health and environmental protection. One of the ways that this is evident is through

the FY 2018 budget proposed by the Trump administration. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) budget would drop from $8.21 billion to $5.72 billion, a roughly 30 percent cut. Even with this cut, EPA leadership claims it would still be able to continue with its core mission of protecting human health and the environment-air, water, and land. This would mean the funding for the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program would be cut by 48 percent.3 If the TRI program is cut, it will limit the availability of this crucial data to the public who has the right to know what toxins are in the air they breathe, the water they drink, and the land they walk on. Under the current budget the EPA cannot accomplish this mission, and budget cuts would further threaten their work.

A good example of the shortcomings of the EPA can be seen in the tragedy that continues in Flint, Michigan. Many people continue to be affected by the lead that is in the water and are still dealing with symptoms. Many residents still deal with the symptoms of drinking the water, like rashes and the hassle of having to get bottled water and of having to use filters on their kitchen sinks. No one will know the full extent of damage until further down the line however because many of the symptoms don’t appear for several years.4 Economic interests are routinely valued above environmental and health interests as the decision was made in Flint to initially switch over the water source to save money just like the option on the table to cut the EPA's budget. This is shortsighted as medical costs, community costs, and environmental costs are not considered.

We should learn from Flint that although state and federal agencies exist to look after both the environment and our health, they are not infallible. It shows the importance of communities advocating on their own behalf to make sure that their rights to clean air and water are being met. Exposure to toxic pollution should not have to occur on the scale of Flint for communities to be concerned and for action to be taken by decision makers. It should not be revolutionary to say so, but the health, safety and wellbeing of every community is critical. Although this report focuses on corporate toxic air pollution, the lessons learned in Flint must not be forgotten.

When Congress adopted the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), under which the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) was established, it was a compromise. Rather than set limits on known toxic pollutants, the industry agreed to disclose their pollution emissions on an annual basis for each of their facilities.

The rationale was that if companies had to report their emissions, an informed public would pressure the polluters to clean up voluntarily or at the very least neighbors would know what they were being exposed to and could move away if they chose to do so. Of course, that only works if citizens (1) have the resources that enable them to be able to move and (2) are provided with the actual data—the names of the companies, where they are located, what pollutants they are spewing into our environment and the associated health risks. In the communities where these polluting facilities are frequently located, even if a family accesses this data, they likely lack the

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5 Virginia TRI Report-Summary of Data from 2015 Facility Reports (issued March 2017)6 Department of Environmental Quality Murphy, Michael. “Response to Comments on Draft Title V Honeywell International Permit.” Letter to

political clout and resources to challenge a polluter when the permit comes up for renewal, and they may lack the wherewithal to move even if the pollution is causing their child to suffer from asthma attacks.

The purpose of this report by the Sierra Club Virginia Chapter is to get more useful information about the toxic air pollutants that we are breathing out into the hands of the public and to the communities most impacted. All the pollution data cited here is the actual information provided by the companies to the EPA. Nonpoint and point source toxic air emissions data have been added to calculate total air emissions excluding dioxin and dioxin-like compounds.As explained by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in the ‘Virginia TRI Report: Summary of Data from 2015 Industry Reports’: On-site air releases are classified as either “fugitive” (non-point source) or “stack” (point source) air emissions. Examples of fugitive air emissions are equipment leaks from valves, pump seals, flanges, compressors, sampling connections, open-ended lines, and evaporative losses from surface impoundments and spills. Stack air emissions are releases which are conveyed through stacks, ducts, pipes, vents, or other confined air streams. Most facilities reporting stack emissions to TRI are required to have permits for the control of those emissions.5

The DEQ TRI report released in March 2017 provides few details and does not disclose the names of the companies or the communities where emissions are occurring. Unlike the DEQ, however, Sierra Club Virginia Chapter names names. In this report, we identify the top twenty five most toxic ZIP codes for air pollution, the names of the companies doing the polluting, what the pollution is that they are emitting and the health effects that are associated with exposure to those pollutants. We also provide links to the EPA TRI database where an interested citizen can find data on their own community even if they don’t live in one of the top twenty five ZIP codes.

Concerned citizens should contact DEQ about a specific facility of concern and inquire about the status of a company’s air pollution permit and any violations that have been noted. Companies must secure new air pollution permits every five years. However, the DEQ air pollution permit process is neither transparent nor community-friendly.

The fact that there are no standards or limits on most toxic pollutants in the air we breathe comes as a surprise to most Virginians. DEQ views its role as issuing permits rather than protecting the public from dangerous pollution. The permits focus on what comes out of the smoke stack, not on what folks who live nearby may be breathing. The permits are very technical, and if citizens request a public hearing on an air pollution permit, the hearing may be denied, and if not denied, it may not be that helpful. As DEQ notes: “during a public hearing, this is no opportunity for DEQ staff to answer questions from the general public.”6

Despite these obstacles, citizens should voice their concerns about air pollution in their

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It should come as no surprise that the most persistent sources of toxic pollution are too often found in low-income communities and in communities of color. These communities are frequently ignored, but when industry approaches them to build a new facility they often present a false choice to the community that environmental protections will only come at the expense of economic opportunity. As is evident from the top twenty five polluted ZIP codes in Virginia identified in this report, these communities may be found in urban settings like Richmond or in rural “company towns” dominated by one or two industries that serve as the major employer. No matter the ZIP code, communities should know that it is wrong for anyone to suggest that they have to choose between a healthy environment and a strong economy. They deserve both.

communities. The more people who complain, the more likely DEQ will be prodded to take action. Aside from occasional site inspections and company self-reporting, enforcement is complaint driven. If enough citizens complain, a company may take action even if DEQ says the company is in compliance with its permit. DEQ provides a process for filing complaints. Figure 1 depicts the DEQ reporting website found at http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/PollutionResponsePreparedness/MakingaReport.aspx.

Figure 1. Virginia DEQ Pollution Reporting Website

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Year1988 Core Chemicals

Total Air Emissions (lbs.)

1988 Core Chemi-cals Percent Change

from Prior Year

Updated Core Chemicals Total Air

Emissions (lbs.)1988 95,874,929 N/A 95,880,2751989 53,786,380 -43.9% 53,788,3801990 49,004,502 -8.9% 49,013,9771991 42,329,999 -13.6% 43,347,7971992 38,812,501 -8.3% 39,489,4221993 36,177,506 -6.8% 36,703,3291994 36,318,480 0.4% 36,857,6441995 33,880,200 -6.7% 47,848,8771996 33,888,731 0.0% 48,806,5141997 31,650,673 -6.6% 46,318,2211998 28,480,834 -10.0% 61,598,5101999 26,089,614 -8.4% 59,632,1922000 24,504,969 -6.1% 57,615,2962001 22,093,425 -9.8% 56,457,3182002 21,266,581 -3.7% 55,874,2102003 19,666,266 -7.5% 50,471,7002004 19,384,274 -1.4% 47,835,0082005 18,688,653 -3.6% 48,057,9092006 16,339,188 -12.6% 42,347,1992007 13,625,845 -16.6% 39,500,8392008 14,082,924 3.4% 36,088,3952009 11,626,933 -17.4% 29,427,1062010 10,465,091 -10.0% 27,527,0172011 9,316,777 -11.0% 23,850,7562012 9,128,879 -2.0% 20,397,6212013 9,336,135 2.3% 22,222,8302014 9,183,060 -1.6% 22,626,0042015 8,815,899 -4.0% 19,640,767

*Reporting year 2015 is the most recent TRI data available. Facilities reporting to TRI were required to submit 2015 data to EPA by July 1, 2016. TRI Explorer is using an updated data set (released to the public in March 2016). This dataset includes revisions for the years 1988 to 2015 processed by the EPA, after the National Analysis Dataset was released. This dataset obtained from http://iaspub.epa.gov/triexplorer/tri_release.

Table 1. 1988-2015 Virginia Total Toxic Air Emissions and Yearly Percent Change

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Trends from 1988 to 2015

Figure 2. Total Air Emissions in Virginia from 1988 to 2015

Almost 300 chemicals were initially declared to be included in 1988 as a part of the 1988 Core Chemicals/Industry data. Updates to the EPA Core Chemicals/Industries are also used for this year’s report. By doing so it will provide a fuller picture of all of the chemicals released in Virginia, not just the ones initially labeled by the EPA in 1988. Additions to the list of measured toxic core chemicals were made by the EPA in 1991, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2011. As of 2011, the list of core chemicals had grown to include over 600 chemicals. This trends section highlights both the 1988 Core Chemicals and the inclusion of the additional chemicals.

According to the updated EPA data, the trend line for toxic emissions of 1988 Core Chemicals has been downward for decades (Table 1 and Figure 2). In 1988 from a high of almost 96 million pounds, toxic air emissions of 1988 Core Chemicals have declined. The year 2012 saw a decrease to just over 9 million pounds before a 2.3 percent increase in 2013 (Table 1). Only two other years, 1994 and 2008, saw increases, both substantially smaller than the increase observed in 2013 for the 1988 Core Chemicals (Table 1). For 2015, a percent decrease of 4.0 percent of 1988 Core Chemicals was observed when compared to the previous year.

The addition of over 300 chemicals to the list of those monitored has increased reporting and thus increased the representation of chemicals reported. However it is important to note that even though over 300 chemicals were left out of the original 1988 Core Chemicals list, these chemicals were still being released into neighborhoods around the Commonwealth; they were just not counted. Comparing 1988 Core Chemicals released in 1988 to those released in 2015 results in the calculation of a 91 percent decrease in the emission of those particular toxic chemicals which is to be applauded. Virginians though must know that over 19.6 million pounds of recognized toxic chemicals were released in 2015.

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Rank by 2015 Air

EmissionsFacility

Total Toxic Air Emissions

(lbs.)

Percent Change from

2014

1MEADWESTVACO OF VIRGINIA COVINGTON OPERA-TIONS. 104 E. RIVERSIDE STREET, COVINGTON VIRGINIA**

2,660,948 -10%

2HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC HOPEWELL PLANT. 905 E RANDOLPH RD, HOPEWELL VIRGINIA

2,172,702 -22%

3JEWELL COKE CO LP. 1034 DISMAL RIVER RD, OAKWOOD VIRGINIA

1,295,102 -2%

4INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL. 34040 UNION CAMP DR, FRANKLIN VIRGINIA***

1,256,767 -13%

5 WESTROCK CP LLC. 1901 MAIN ST, WEST POINT VIRGINIA 841,034 18%

6CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION. 500 COXENDALE RD, CHESTER VIRGINIA

839,484 2%

7 HERCULES INC. 1111 HERCULES RD, HOPEWELL VIRGINIA 667,362 76%

8 DOSWELL LP. 10098 OLD RIDGE RD, ASHLAND VIRGINIA 598,629 3%

9CPFILMS - PLANT II. 4129 THE GREAT RD, FIELDALE VIR-GINIA

534,108 11%

10CHURCH & DWIGHT CO INC. 1851 TOUCHSTONE RD, CO-LONIAL HEIGHTS VIRGINIA

524,382 2%

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US ARMY RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT. RT 114 RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT, RADFORD VIRGIN-IA

447,765 -44%

12AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CLINCH RIVER PLANT. JUNCTION OF ST RTS 664 & 665, CLEVELAND VIRGINIA

437,571 -34%

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BALL METAL BEVERAGE CONTAINER CORP. 8935 POCA-HONTAS TRAIL JAMES RIVER COMMERCE CENTER, WIL-LIAMSBURG VIRGINIA

423,000 -5%

Table 2. Top 25 2015 Biggest Toxic Air Polluter Facilities in Virginia*

Naming Names

7https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-chip-download-page

Which four facilities account for the release of almost 7.4 million pounds of toxic air?When toxic releases occur, the public has a right to know from where that pollution is coming. MeadWestvaco of Virginia (now WestRock) in Covington and Honeywell International in Hopewell continue to release large amounts of toxic air into neighboring communities along with the International Paper Mill in Franklin and Jewell Coke in Oakwood. All of these aforementioned facilities released over a million pounds of toxic air in 2015 and at least one of the top four toxic chemicals released into Virginia air, which are ammonia, methanol, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. All of these cause irritation to the eyes and skin but methanol is linked to birth defects.

The WestRock Covington facility alone emitted more than 2.6 million pounds of toxic air, almost 14 percent of the Virginia total air pollution. WestRock is a paper product manufacturing company with locations around the world. The companies that have increased their emissions the most between 2014 and 2015 are Hercules in Hopewell ZIP 23860, which had a 76 percent increase and DuPont Spruance in Richmond ZIP code 23234, which had a 36 percent increase. Additional information on the 25 companies with the largest 2015 toxic air emissions is depicted in Table 2.

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Community Right to Know

* Red indicates an increase in polution. **MEADWESTVACO is now WESTROCK CP LLC due to merger of MEADWESTCO and ROCKTENN CP LLC***WESTROCK CP LLC is formerly known as ROCKTENN CP LLC

Although we need tighter limits on toxic pollution in Virginia and stronger enforcement efforts, Virginians and all Americans have benefited from federal legislation, specifically the TRI established under EPCRA, later expanded in the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.8 The requirement of mandatory disclosure has resulted in significant reductions in toxic emissions as a result of greater awareness and scrutiny from an informed public demanding cleaner air and water.

When informed and empowered, neighborhood residents learn of chemical pollution hazards in their community, they are empowered to organize for pollution reductions and strict enforcement. While TRI has reduced pollution overall, by providing the name of the company, its address and the name and volume of pollutants emitted, it also shines a light on those communities where toxic pollution emissions persist.

The EPA TRI database is maintained as a web-based publicly accessible tool that permits one to enter a ZIP code and determine which companies in that ZIP code are required to report and how much and which pollutants they are emitting. The federal TRI program provides data on the release of over 600 toxic chemicals into the environment. Each year industries that produce more than 25 thousand pounds or handle more than 10 thousand pounds of a listed toxic chemical must

14CLOVER POWER STATION. 4091 CLOVER RD, CLOVER VIRGINIA

420,922 0%

15WESTROCK CP LLC. 910 INDUSTRIAL ST, HOPEWELL VIR-GINIA***

404,854 -18%

16PHILIP MORRIS USA PARK 500 SITE. 4100 BERMUDA HUN-DRED RD, CHESTER VIRGINIA

403,948 12%

17GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL. 9363 LEE-JACKSON HWY, BIG ISLAND VIRGINIA

355,844 -2%

18DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT. U.S. HWY 1 AT COGBILL RD, RICHMOND VIRGINIA

318,309 33%

19PERDUE FARMS INC-CHESAPEAKE GRAIN. 501A BARNES RD, CHESAPEAKE VIRGINIA

307,101 13%

20GREIF PACKAGING LLC. 861 FIBRE PLANT RD, AMHERST VIRGINIA

295,749 -2%

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HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL COLONIAL HEIGHTS PLANT. 15801 WOODS EDGE RD, COLONIAL HEIGHTS VIRGINIA

277,839 36%

22CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT. 3520 VIRGINIA AVE, NARROWS VIRGINIA

246,684 -41%

23HOPEWELL COGENERATION FACILITY. 1114 HERCULES RD, HOPEWELL VIRGINIA

199,880 20%

24DOMINION RESOURCES INC YORKTOWN POWER STA-TION. 1600 WATERVIEW RD, YORKTOWN VIRGINIA

183,577 -68%

25 PENT RESERVATION.N ROTARY RD, ARLINGTON VIRGINIA 170,878 -5%

8 “A Strategy to Protect Virginians from Toxic Chemicals,” Noah Sachs and Ryan Murphy, University of Richmond School of Law (Jan 2014)

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Welcome Danville and Galax

9 http://www.chesapeakebay.net/issues/issue/air_pollution#inline10http://www.naacp.org/climate-justice-resources/coal-blooded/

Two of the ZIP codes from the 2014 top 25 did not make the list for 2015. ZIP code 24501 located in Lynchburg had a significant drop in toxic air pollution output dropping by 90 percent from its 2014 numbers for unknown reasons. Zip code 23323 in Chesapeake dropped out of the top 25 from holding the sixth spot last year. This major decrease in toxins stems from the retirement of the Chesapeake Energy Center. This coal burning plant was shut down after 60 years of producing over one million pounds of harmful toxins a year since it began reporting to the EPA in 1988. The NAACP releases a report detailing the issues with living near power plants and who lives near them. They found 75 plants nationwide that failed in terms of environmental justice standards and those living around the plants had an average per capita income of $17,500 and 53 percent of them were minorities.10

Two new ZIP codes are found on the 2015 list that were not on the 2014 list. The two ZIP codes are located in Danville, ZIP code 24540, and Galax, ZIP code 24333. In the Galax ZIP code 24333, around 135 thousand pounds of toxic chemicals were emitted returning it to the list after narrowly missing the top 25 list for 2014. Danville ZIP code 24540 enters the list in the 25th spot while still producing around the same amount of toxins for the past few years.

report to the TRI maintained by the EPA.

Sierra Club Virginia Chapter has taken the entire EPA TRI data set for 2015 (the most recent data available) and sorted it by ZIP code to draw attention to those Virginia communities experiencing the greatest exposure to toxic air pollution (Appendix: 2015 Virginia TRI by ZIP Code). As noted before, it is no surprise that those ZIP codes with the most exposure to toxic air pollution are frequently among the most vulnerable communities in Virginia. However, even if your ZIP code is free of polluting sources, we all live downwind of one pollution source or another. Additionally, most air pollutants eventually settle to the earth to be deposited on our land and our water where they remain for decades or longer depending on the pollutant. These pollutants come down when they are either dried or in the form of precipitation such as acid rain.

Unfortunately, limitations exist to the usefulness of data from the TRI database. The data must be reported by each facility. EPA also does not require companies to monitor releases. Therefore the numbers reported to the EPA and DEQ are estimates. Additionally, facilities are not required to use a particular method to calculate their emissions. Each facility can report using a different method. This method also may vary from year to year. The TRI data is not comprehensive of all toxic chemical pollution in Virginia. For example, non-manufacturing facilities are not included and facilities that have below ten employees are also excluded. In addition, the TRI database does not distinguish between varying toxicity of different chemicals which makes it difficult to examine community health risk. Another point to highlight is the fact that annual TRI data reported by EPA and DEQ differs because of the varying reports received and their timing.

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Metropolitan Richmond, Virginia Capital for Toxic Air PollutionMetropolitan Richmond has five of the top twenty five ZIP codes with the most toxic air pollution. The five ZIP codes identified are in Hopewell ZIP Code 23860 Ranked No. 1, Chesterfield County ZIP Code 23836 Ranked No. 3, Colonial Heights ZIP Code 23834 Ranked No. 7, Ashland ZIP Code 23005 Ranked No. 8 and Richmond ZIP Code 23234 Ranked No. 14. Together, these five ZIP codes accounted for almost 7 million pounds of toxic air pollution, making up almost a third of emissions in Virginia in 2015.

Over half of the 2015 emissions in the Greater Richmond Metropolitan area were reported to be from Hopewell ZIP Code 23860 Ranked No. 1. The largest polluter by far in Hopewell is the Honeywell International Inc. facility, a chemical manufacturer, which emitted more than two million pounds of toxic air pollution by itself in 2015. Over the past ten years, almost 100 thousand pounds of benzene, over 60 thousand pounds of acetaldehyde and over one thousand pounds polycyclic aromatic compounds were reported as released from this facility. All three of those chemicals have been linked to cancer. Such a large volume of pollution is emitted from the Honeywell facility that if it were its own ZIP code, it would be ranked No. 3 in the Sierra Club Virginia Chapter top twenty five list. WestRock CP LLC, a paper manufacturer, accounted for more than 400 thousand pounds of toxic air emissions in 2015. Cancer-causing toxic chemicals released from the WestRock facility into the air over the past ten years include but are not limited to over 86 thousand pounds of formaldehyde, 841 pounds of polycyclic aromatic compounds and 18 thousand pounds of lead compounds. The Hercules Inc., chemical manufacturer, and Hopewell Cogeneration facilities, electricity generator, also contribute to the massive amount of reported toxic air emissions in this one ZIP code totaling more than 866 thousand pounds.

Emissions in Ashland ZIP Code 23005 Ranked No. 8 saw a slight increase from 320 thousand pounds in 2013 to over 650 thousand pounds in 2014, an increase of 104 percent in just a year. These numbers are consistent in 2015 as they stayed around 650 thousand pounds. Almost 90 percent of the emissions in ZIP code 23005 were released from the Doswell LP electricity generating facility. Its emissions alone had more than doubled in the time span from 2013 to 2014 and continue to be the major polluter in 2015. 51 thousand pounds of naphthalene were emitted from this facility into the air in 2015. Some of the health impacts of exposure to naphthalene include liver damage and neurological damage.

From 2013 to 2014, toxic air emissions were reported to have dropped in Chesterfield ZIP Code 23836 Ranked No. 3, Colonial Heights ZIP Code 23834 Ranked No. 7 and Richmond ZIP Code 23234 Ranked No. 14, but in 2015 all three saw at least a 5 percent increase. Chesterfield ZIP code 23836 is up 5 percent from last year returning close to its 2013 totals. Accounting for over 800 thousand pounds by itself was the Dominion Virginia Power Chesterfield Power Station facility. Toxins released into the air by the Chesterfield Power Station over the past ten years include over 228 thousand pounds of cobalt compounds, around 407 thousand pounds of arsenic compounds and 688 thousand pounds of nickel compounds. The Chesterfield Philip Morris facility also located in this ZIP code reported releasing over 400 thousand pounds of toxic chemicals into the air. In the Colonial Heights ZIP code 23834 there were over 802 thousand pounds of emissions and in Richmond ZIP code 23234 there were over 392 thousand pounds of air emissions: 11 percent and 5 percent increases respectively. In Colonial Heights, the facility that

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Some Good News

11http://www.aafa.org/page/asthma-capitals.aspx

For years the electric utility industry was able to use its lobbying clout to exempt itself from TRI reporting. That finally changed in 1998, more than a decade after the first TRI data was released. Today, the prominence of electric utility power plant toxic emissions in TRI totals reflects the toxic nature of coal burning that the utilities were able to hide for years.

Among the top twenty-five most toxic ZIP codes in Virginia, four make the list, in part or wholly, because of emissions from coal-fired power plants. The good news is that coal plants in York County ZIP Code 23692 Ranked No. 18 and Cleveland ZIP Code 24225 Ranked No. 11 are slated for retirement. Of the plants that were on last year’s list the Chesapeake Energy Center was put into retirement ending its long term pollution of Virginia.

One of the most toxic of pollutants, the neurotoxin mercury, which has resulted in widespread fish consumption advisories throughout Virginia and our country, is primarily due to mercury emissions from coal fired power plants. As these coal plants, many of them decades old, are retired, we will

contributed to 66 percent of the ZIP code’s emissions was the Church & Dwight Co. Inc. facility. In Richmond ZIP code 23234, the DuPont Spruance Plant released 81 percent of the toxic air emissions that occurred.

The majority of the pollutants emitted into Richmond’s air are potent lung irritants including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia. Exposure to these pollutants explains in part why the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America ranks Richmond the second worst large U.S metro area for asthma in the United States in their most recent 2015 study.

The health effects of the more common pollutants should not be minimized, especially when the long term effects of exposure are not well-understood and permanent harm to the human respiratory system is suspected. Long-term occupational exposure to hydrochloric acid has been reported to cause gastritis, chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, and photosensitization. Long-term exposure to sulfuric acid may cause emphysema. Other chemicals traced to cancer, birth defects, and liver, kidney, neurological damage are released daily in Metropolitan Richmond as well.

Those chemicals released into the air in 2015 include:• Acetaldehyde, a chemical emitted by Honeywell International Hopewell and WestRock, has

been linked to cancer, birth defects, impaired vision and decreased respiratory function.• Barium compounds emitted by Chesterfield Power Station may contribute to heart failure,

arrhythmias and kidney damage such as blood in the urine.• Methanol emitted by Honeywell International Hopewell and WestRock may contribute to

birth defects, liver damage and neurological damage.• Phenol emitted by Honeywell International Hopewell and WestRock may cause genetic

mutations and also damage the respiratory system, the liver, kidneys and the neurological system.

• Toluene emitted by Honeywell International Hopewell and DuPont Spruance have been

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all benefit greatly from improved water and air quality.

With this news however there are still other coal powered plants in Virginia that are major polluters. Clover Power Station ZIP Code 24534 Ranked No. 13 hasn't been scheduled for retirement. Clover Power Station emitted close to 50 thousand pounds of hydrogen cyanide known to cause respiratory problems. The Spruance Genco Power Plant ZIP Code 23234 Ranked No. 14 was scheduled for retirement but that has been pushed to a 2019 date. Other coal burning plants in Virginia in ZIP codes not in the top 25 include Birchwood Power Facility, Virginia City Energy Center and Mecklenburg Power Station.

Toxic Air is Just the Beginning

12https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Release/24141SDDSRPOBOX13https://water.usgs.gov/edu/nitrogen.14https://iaspub.epa.gov/triexplorer/release_fac?p_view=STFA&trilib=TRIQ1&sort=_VIEW_&sort_fmt=1&state=51&county=All+counties&chemical=All+chemicals&industry=ALL&year=2015&tab_

While the toxins released into Virginia’s air are around 50 percent of total toxic emissions, that still leaves a significant portion of the toxins unaccounted. The other toxins are released into the water (roughly 30 percent) and onto the land (roughly 20 percent). While the main focus is on just air in this report, it is also good to have additional information. Our waterways (Table 3) are largely polluted by a single factory, Radford Army Ammunition Plant Zip Code 24141 Ranked No. 10. This factory is also responsible for almost 450 thousand pounds of toxic air pollution released for a total of more than 10 million pounds of total toxics released to air, water and land or around 25 percent of total toxic pollution in Virginia.12 The main toxin released into the waterways is nitrate compounds. These nitrate compounds decrease water quality for aquatic life because excess nitrates in water can cause overstimulation of growth of aquatic plants and algae. This excess growth clogs waterways and blocks sunlight from reaching deep parts of the waterways and uses all available dissolved oxygen. This causes waterways to create ‘dead zones’ by depriving them of oxygen which can in extreme cases kill off entire communities of fish.13

When looking at the 6.9 million pounds of toxic pollution released onto Virginia soil there are a few companies that released the majority. (Table 4) Griffin Pipe Products and Chesterfield Power Station both release over one million pounds of toxins each. Out of the top five, three of them are coal burning power plants producing mainly barium and valium compounds in the form of coal ash. Coal ash contains toxic chemicals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, barium, and chlorine. Coal ash also has the potential to leak into our waterways when the pond is not lined properly and is monitored by the same companies producing the harmful chemicals.14 Health effects that come along with these toxins vary and can include respiratory problems, nervous system damage, and skin irritation.

17

Rank Total Land (On- and Off-Site Land Disposal)

Facility Facility Address Facility Zip Facility City/County

Total Land (On- and Off-Site Land Disposal)

1 GRIFFIN PIPE PRODUCTS CO

10 ADAMS ST, LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA

24504 LYNCHBURG (CITY)

1,305,890.69

2 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION

500 COXENDALE RD, CHESTER VIRGINIA

23836 CHESTERFIELD 1,099,811.4

3 CLOVER POWER STATION

4091 CLOVER RD, CLOVER VIRGINIA

24534 HALIFAX 766,234.6

4 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER

3425 RUSSELL CREEK RD, SAINT PAUL VIRGINIA

24283 WISE 759,573.5

5 WHEELABRATOR ABRASIVES INC

1 ABRASIVE AVE, BEDFORD VIRGINIA

24523 BEDFORD 716,213

Rank by Emissions into Water

Facility Facility Address Facility ZIP

Facility City/County

Total Water (=Surface Water Discharge)

1 US ARMY RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT

RT 114 RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT, RADFORD VIRGINIA

24141 (MONTGOMERY) 9,681,242

2 BWXT NUCLEAR OPERATIONS GROUP INC.

1570 MOUNT ATHOS RD, LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA

24504 (CAMPBELL) 566,195

3 PERDUE FARMS ACCOMAC PROCESSING PLANT

22520 LANKFORD HWY, ACCOMAC VIRGINIA

23301 (ACCOMACK) 300,910

4 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC HOPEWELL PLANT

905 E RANDOLPH RD, HOPEWELL VIRGINIA

23860 (HOPEWELL (CITY)

157,956

5 WESTROCK CP LLC 1901 MAIN ST, WEST POINT VIRGINIA

23181 (KING WILLIAM) 134,481

15http://www.sierraclub.org/virginia/coal-ash16https://iaspub.epa.gov/triexplorer/release_fac?p_view=STFA&trilib=TRIQ1&sort=_VIEW_&sort_

Table 4. Top 5 2015 Biggest Toxic Land Polluter Facilities in Virginia16

Table 3. Top 5 2015 Biggest Toxic Water Polluter Facilities in Virginia15

18

17https://www.epa.gov/ejscreen/what-ejscreen18https://www.epa.gov/ejscreen/overview-environmental-indicators-ejscreenrpt=1&fld=RELLBY&ONDISPD=Y&fld=& OTHDISPD=Y&fld=&fld=TSFDSP&OFFDISPD=Y&fld=&OTHOFFD=Y&fld

The EPA online system EJSCREEN was used to assess environmental justice. EJSCREEN is a mapping system that lets one look at a specific area where it provides you with environmental and demographic indicators of environmental justice. The demographic indicators include factors like low income, minority population and lower levels of education. The system can also display this information in a way that combines environmental and demographic indicators into the EJ index.17 The index is created by taking one environmental indicator and then factoring in demographic indicators to get a score, higher numbers being worse for the community.

Out of this index the four that best represent environmental justice in terms of air quality indicators are NATA Cancer, NATA Respiratory, Ozone and PM 2.5. NATA Cancer is a measure given from the National Scale Air Toxics Assessment of the lifetime risk of cancer from exposure to air toxics. NATA Respiratory is a measure also given from the National Scale Air Toxics Assessment that indicates the hazard of developing a respiratory problem with a ratio of exposure concentration to health based reference concentration, in other words a look into the health of the people and what extended exposure to harmful chemicals could bring. Ground-level ozone or smog is an air pollutant that can make breathing more difficult and is a good indicator for asthma problems that could arise in the communities. PM 2.5 stands for particulate matter under 2.5 micrometers in the air which are so small that they can penetrate the lungs and worsen respiratory and cardiovascular disease.18

When looking at the individual ZIP codes that made the Top 25, the decision was made to look at the top ten that had the worst marks in the four different categories (Figure 3). These ZIP codes were compared to national data to develop the scale, the higher the index score the greater risk the community is in. Some of the worst are Chesapeake City ZIP code 23324 and Newport News ZIP code 23607. You can see a direct correlation between both environmental justice and per capita income (Figure 4). Although many of these communities don’t have significant economic resources, some do fight back against corporations that continue to pollute their environment. All but four of the Tope 25 most toxic ZIP codes fall beneath the average income per capita of Virginia.

Environmental Injustice

19

Figure 3. 10 Toxic ZIP Codes with the Highest Environmental Injustice

19https://www.incomebyzipcode.com/virginia

Figure 4. Top 25 Most Toxic Zip Codes Per Capita Income and VA State Average19

Environmental Justice Scores

Virginia's Top 25 Toxic Locations Per Capita Income

20

The frequent refrain from industry and regulators is that typical levels of exposure to these toxic chemicals are within applicable health standards, but the truth is that we don’t know how they impact our bodies. Worse yet, the cumulative and synergistic health effects of these combinations of chemicals in the air we breathe have in most cases never been studied.

The more prudent course would be to follow the precautionary principle and not to allow the release of chemicals that have not been proven safe. But since we are living with these toxic chemicals every day, the very least we should do is pursue epidemiological studies to assess correlations between long-term exposure and incidents of cancer and other serious illnesses.

It is our intention that this report will help inform the public and public officials of where toxic air pollution is a problem across the state. TRI data presented in this manner may be effective in fostering a healthy public debate that can contribute to greater and swifter reductions of toxic pollution emissions.

In ‘A Strategy to Protect Virginians from Toxic Chemicals’, authors Noah Sachs and Ryan Murphy recommend numerous measures to reduce Virginians’ exposure to the toxic pollutants prevalent in our environment.20 Among those recommendations that could accelerate a reduction in toxics emissions discussed in this report are: •“DEQ and the three citizen boards governing air, water, and waste should enact strict limits on toxic chemical releases in environmental permits, especially in environmentally sensitive areas."20

•“DEQ and the three citizen boards should focus stricter permitting and enforcement efforts on chemical manufacturing and electric utilities, which are responsible for more than two-thirds of all reported toxic chemical releases to Virginia’s environment.”20

Legislative efforts to tighten reporting requirements and increase fines for violations of pollution laws in Virginia in the 2017 General Assembly Session had wins and losses.21 House Bill 1870 would have expanded notification of spills into waterways but failed to pass committee. Senate Bill 1393 which requires responsible and informed closing of coal ash areas passed as a big victory for clean water. House Bills 1678 and 1679/ Senate Bills 1291 and 1292 would have allowed loopholes for oil and gas companies but was blocked. Hopefully, with the growing awareness of our exposure to these toxics and the risks they represent, citizens will demand stronger pollution limits, and industry and public officials will listen and continue to pass critical legislation.

20 “A Strategy to Protect Virginians from Toxic Chemicals,” Noah Sachs and Ryan Murphy, UofR School of Law (Jan 2014)21 Virginia League of Conservation Voters 2017 General Assembly Conservation Scorecard http://valcv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017-Conservation-Scorecard.

Where Do We Go From Here?

21

Living in a community outside the top twenty five most toxic ZIP codes does not mean that your health is not affected by toxic air pollution. Data for every Virginia ZIP code for which TRI information is available is listed in the appendix to this report. All Virginians live downwind of one or more sources of toxic air emissions. You can access TRI information for your ZIP code here.

Figure 5. 2015 Central and Eastern Virginia TRI FacilitiesThe number within each green circle indicates the number of toxic facilities in that location.

Beyond the Top 25

22



23

Top 25 ZIP Codes With the Highest Amount of Toxic Air Emissions

24

Top 25 ZIP Codes with the Highest Amount of Toxic Air Emissions

Ranking ZIP Code City/ County

2010 Population Within ZIP Code

2015 Toxic Air Emissions

(lbs.)

Percent Change

from 20141 23860 Hopewell 31,970 3,447,902 -10%2 24426 Covington

City14,329 2,660,947 -10%

3 23836 Chesterfield 11,444 1,367,588 5%4 24631 Buchanan 2,843 1,295,101 -2%5 23851 Isle of Wight 13,715 1,256,767 -13%6 23181 West Point 5,426 841,034 18%7 23834 Colonial

Heights25,612 802,241 11%

8 23005 Ashland 15,227 657,921 1%9 24089 Fieldale 2,640 535,092 11%10 24141 Radford 20,668 449,832 -44%11 24225 Cleveland 1,697 437,571 -34%12 23185 James City 46,370 430,484 -6%13 24534 Clover 1,740 420,921 0%14 23234 Richmond 42,989 392,720 5%15 24526 Big Island 1,593 355,844 -2%16 23324 Chesapeake

City22,851 307,101 13%

17 24521 Amherst 10,576 295,748 -2%18 23692 York 18,846 279,478 -54%19 24124 Narrows 4,352 246,684 -41%20 22203 Arlington 21,850 170,878 -5%21 23607 Newport

News City24,519 145,750 -25%

22 24333 Galax 17,996 137,684 13%23 24554 Gladys 3,995 135,464 -2%24 24054 Axton 6,797 134,570 -42%25 24540 Danville 32,170 133,421 15%

**Toxic emissions are the sum of Fugitive Air and Point Source Air as reported by the TRI. This value is expressed in pounds (TRI.NET, 2015). Red shading indicates an increase of toxic air pollution in ZIP

code compared to 2014.EPA’s website may be accessed to view TRI data for any ZIP code directly:

Click here to enter your ZIP Code

Table 5. 2015 Top 25 ZIP Codes with Largest Air Emissions with Population Data**

25

Top 25 Virginia Localities by ZIP Code with the Highest Toxic Air Emissions

1. Hopewell, Virginia (23860) is in the Tri-Cities area of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and is combined with Prince George County for statistical purposes.

2010 Population in ZIP Code 23860: 31,97023860 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 3,447,902

Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC HOPEWELL PLANT

905 East Randolph Road, Hopewell, VA 23860

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code: 325199 Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 2,172,702 • 63% of Total Air Emission in ZIP Code 28360

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)AMMONIA 2,063,641PHENOL 30,352

SULFURIC ACID 31,429TOLUENE 17,205

22https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23860LLDSGPOBOX

HERCULES INC

1111 Hercules Rd, Hopewell, VA 23860

NAICS Code: 325199 Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 667,362 • 19% of Total Air Emission in ZIP Code 23860

Table 6. Honeywell International Inc Hopewell Plant 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical2

*Tables 6 through 41 display chemicals of which more than 15,000 lbs. were emitted into the air.

26

Table 8. Westrock CP LLC. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical24

Table 7. Hercules Inc. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical23

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.) CHLOROETHANE 80,731

ETHYLENE 67,029 METHANOL 300,402

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)AMMONIA 56,946

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER “ACID AEROSOLS”

ONLY) 74,193HYDROGEN SULFIDE 17,278

METHANOL 230,978

23https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23860QLNCM1111H 24https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23860STNHP910IN

WESTROCK CP LLC.

910 Industrial Street, Hopewell, Virginia 23860

NAICS Code: 322130 Paperboard Mills (Primary)

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 404,854 • 12% of Total Air Emission in ZIP Code 23860

27

Table 9. West/Meadwestvaco of Virginia Covington Operations 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical25

2. Covington, Virginia (24426) is a small Appalachian town about 40 miles north of Roanoke, Virginia and is completely surrounded by the George Washington National Park.

ZIP Code Population in 2010: 14,32924426 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 2,660,948

Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:WESTROCK/MEADWESTVACO OF VIRGINIA COVINGTON OPERATIONS

104 East Riverside Street, Covington, VA 24426

NAICS Codes: 322130 Paperboard Mills, 325978 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (in pounds): 2,890,666

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)ACETALDEHYDE 51,000

AMMONIA 220,260CRESOL 16,000

FORMIC ACID 18,000HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER “ACID

AEROSOLS” ONLY)370,124

HYDROGEN SULFIDE 88,000

METHANOL 1,600,000

PHENOL 37,391 SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER “ACID AERO-

SOLS” ONLY) 180,000

28

3. Chesterfield, Virginia (23836) is located between Richmond and Petersburg. Chesterfield County is the third largest county by population in the state.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION

500 Coxendale Road, Chester, VA 23836

NAICS Code: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 839,484

• 61% of Total Air Emissions in ZIP Code 23836

Table 10. Chesterfield Power Station 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical26


HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER “ACID AEROSOLS” ONLY) 630,000

HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 78,000SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER “ACID AERO-

SOLS” ONLY) 100,000

26 https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23836CHSTR500CO

27https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23836CHSTR500CO

PHILIP MORRIS USA PARK 500

4100 Bermuda Hundred Road, Chester, VA 23836

NAICS Code: 312230 Tobacco Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 403,948 • 29% of Total Air Emissions in ZIP Code 23836

Table 11. Philip Morris USA Park 500 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical27

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)AMMONIA* 381,856

NICOTINE AND SALTS 22,331*Carcinogenic Chemical

29

DUPONT TEIJIN FILMS

3600 Discovery Drive, Chester, VA 23836

NAICS Code: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing (Primary)


• 9% of Total Air Emissions in ZIP Code 23836

Table 12. DuPont Teijin Films 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical28


METHANOL 25,619

30

4. Buchanan, Virginia (24631) contains Oakwood which is an unincorporated area in Buchanan County, Virginia.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:JEWELL COKE CO LP

1034 Dismal River Road, Oakwood, VA 24631

NAICS Code: 331110 Iron and Steel and Ferroalloy Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 1,315,394 • 100% of Total Air Emissions in ZIP Code 24631

Table 13. Jewell Coke CO LP 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical29

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER

“ACID AEROSOLS” ONLY)1,291,462

28https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23860CMRC29https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24656JWLLCHWY46

31

5. Isle Of Wight, Virginia (23851) is located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area and features two incorporated towns Smithfield and Windsor.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL

34040 Union Camp Drive, Franklin, VA 23851

NAICS Code: 322110 Pulp Mills

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 1,256,767 • 100% of Total Air Emissions in ZIP Code 23851

Table 14. International Paper Franklin Mill 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical30


AMMONIA 110,937CRESOL 47,925

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER "ACID AEROSOLS" ONLY

89,512

HYDROGEN SULFIDE 154,857METHANOL 801,265,828

30https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/

32

6. West Point, Virginia (23181) is a vibrant, small town nestled at the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers where the York River is formed, between Richmond and Hampton Roads.

ZIP Code Population in 2010: 5,42623181 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 841,034

Primary Source(s) of Hazardous Toxic Air Emission:WESTROCK CP LLC

1901 Main Street, West Point, VA 23181


Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 841,034 • 100% of Total Air Emissions in Zip Code 23181

Table 15. Westrock CP LLC 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical31


AMMONIA 111,826HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER

"ACID AEROSOLS" ONLY65,906

HYDROGEN SULFIDE 45,646METHANOL 556,778

PHENOL 20,332

31https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/

33

7. Colonial Heights, Virginia (23834) is located in the Tri-cities of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area.

ZIP Code Population in 2010: 25,61223834 Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 802,241

Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:CHURCH & DWIGHT CO. INC

1851 Touchstone Road, Colonial Heights, VA 23834

NAICS Code: 32699 All Other Rubber Product Manufacturing


Table 16. Church & Dwight Co. Inc. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical32

Chemical Name Toxic Emission (lbs.)AMMONIA 524,382

HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL COLONIAL HEIGHTS PLANT

15801 Woods Edge Rd., Chesterfield, VA 23834

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing


Chemical Name Toxic Emission (lbs.)FREON 113 277,839

Table 17. Honeywell International Colonial Heights Plant 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical33

32https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23834LDNCR16101/CHURCH%2033https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23832LLDSGEXIT5&%20DWIGHT%20CO%20INC

34

8. Ashland, Virginia (23005) is a town located 15 miles north of Richmond along Interstate- 95 in Hanover County, Virginia, United States.

Zip Code Population in 2010: 15,22723005 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 657,921

Primary Source(s) of Hazardous Air Pollutants:DOSWELL LP.

10098 Old Ridge Road, Ashland, VA 23005



Chemical Name Toxic Emission (lbs.) 1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 93,056

AMMONIA 361,334N-HEXANE 93,056

NAPHTHALENE 51,183

Table 18. Doswell LP. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical34

BEAR ISLAND PAPER WB LLC.

10026 Old Ridge Road, Ashland, VA 23005

NAICS Code: 322122 Newsprint Mills

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 54,540 • 8% of Total Air Releases in Zip Code 23005

Table 19. Bear Island Paper WB LLC 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical35


“ACID AEROSOLS” ONLY)28,860

METHANOL 25,680

34https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23005DSWLL1009835https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23005BRSLNPOBOX

35

9. Fieldale, Virginia (24089) is a census-designated place in Henry County, Virginia

Zip Code Population in 2010: 2,64024089 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 535,092Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:CPFILMS - PLANT II.

4129 The Great Road, Fieldale, VA 24089

NAICS Code: 326130 Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (Except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 534,108 • 100% of Total Air Emissions in Zip Code 24089 Table 20. Rocktenn CP LLC 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical36

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)ETHYLENE GLYCOL 297,850

N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE 228,467

36https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24089MRTNPRTE68

36

10. Radford, Virginia (24141) is part of the Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Montgomery County and the city of Radford.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:US ARMY RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT

Rt. 144 Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford, Virginia 24141

NAICS Code: 928110 National Security

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 447,765 • 100% (rounded) of Total Air Emissions in ZIP Code 24141

Table 21. US Army Radford Army Ammunition Plant 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical37


HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER "ACID AEROSOLS" ONLY)

283,106

NITROGLYCERIN 58,200SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER “ACID AEROSOLS”

ONLY)74,574

37https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24141SDDSRPOBOX

37

11. Cleveland, Virginia (24225) is located in Russell County in southwest Virginia.

ZIP Code Population in 2010: 1,69724225 Total Hazardous Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 437,571

Primary Source(s) of Hazardous Air Pollutants:AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CLINCH RIVER PLANT

Junction of Routes 664 and 665, Cleveland, VA 24225



Table 22. American Electric Power Clinch River Plant 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical38

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER "ACID AEROSOLS" ONLY)

387,000

HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 28,100

SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER “ACID AEROSOLS” ONLY)

22,200

NAPHTHALENE 64,822

38https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24225MRCNLJUNCT

38

12. James City, Virginia (23185) is the county in which Williamsburg serves as the county seat. James City County is a part of the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Area.

ZIP Code Population in 2010: 46,37023185 Total Hazardous Aggregate Air Release of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 430,484

Primary Source(s) of Hazardous Air Pollutants:BALL METAL BEVERAGE CONTAINER CORP

8935 Pocahontas Trail James River Commerce Center, Williamsburg, VA 23185

NAICS Code: 332431 Metal Can Manufacturing

Total Air Releases (In Pounds): 423,000 • 97% of Total Air Releases in Zip Code 23185

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)CERTAIN GLYCOL ETHERS 301,000

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 122,000

Table 23. Ball Metal Beverage Container CORP 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical39

39https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23185BLLPC8935P

39

13. Clover, Virginia (24534) is a census-designated place in Halifax County, and was an incorporated town from 1895 until 1998, when it reverted to unincorporated status.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:CLOVER POWER STATION

4091 Clover Road, Clover, VA 24534


Total Air Releases (In Pounds): 420,921 • 100% of Total Air Releases in Zip Code 24534

Table 24. Clover Power Station 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical40


"ACID AEROSOLS" ONLY)19,500

HYDROGEN CYANIDE 47,700 SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER “ACID

AEROSOLS” ONLY)342,000

40https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24534CLVRPRTE92

40

14. Richmond, Virginia (23234) is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, it is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond Region. Since 1871 Richmond has been an independent city.

ZIP Code Popultation in 2010: 42,98923234 Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 392,720

Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT

U.S. Highway 1 at Cogbill Road, Richmond, VA 23234

NAICS Code: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 318,309 • 81% of Total Air Releases in Zip Code 23234

PHILIP MORRIS USA COMMERCE ROAD SITE.

3601 Commerce Road, Richmond, VA 23234

NAICS Code - 312230 Tobacco Manufacturing



DIMETHYLAMINE 19,500N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE 42,790

TOLUENE 67,720 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE 160,955


NICOTINE AND SALTS 12,137

Table 25. Dupont Spruance Plant 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical41

Table 26. Philip Morris USA Commerce Road Site. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical42

41https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23234DPNTSUSHIG42https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23005BRSLNPOBOX42https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23234PHLLP3601C

41

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AF-

TER “ACID AEROSOLS” ONLY)34,891

SPRUANCE GENCO LLC.

5001 Commerce Road, Richmond, VA 23234



Table 27. Spruance Genco LLC. 2014 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical43

43https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23234CGNTR5001C

42

15. Big Island, Virginia (24526) is a census-designated place in northern Bedford County, Virginia.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL.

9363 Lee-Jackson Highway, Big Island, VA 24526

NAICS Code: 322121 Paper (Except Newsprint) Mills


Table 28. Georgia-Pacific Big Island Mill 2014 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical44 Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)

ACETALDEHYDE* 54,600HYDROGEN SULFIDE 15,000

METHANOL 283,100*Carcinogenic Chemical

44 https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24526NKSPCHIGHW

43

16. Chesapeake, Virginia (23324) is a city located in Southeastern Virginia and is a part of the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Area.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:PERDUE FARMS INC-CHESAPEAKE GRAIN

501 Barnes Road, Chesapeake, VA 23324

NAICS Code: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing


Table 29. Perdue Farms Inc-Chesapeake Grain 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical45

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)

N-HEXANE 307,101

45https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23324CRGLL501BA

44

17. Amherst, Virginia (24521) is located at the base of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Amherst County.

ZIP Code Population in 2010 10,57624521 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 295,748

Primary Source of Toxic Air Emissions:GREIF PACKAGING LLC.

861 Fibre Plant Road, Amherst, VA 24521



Table 30. Greif Packaging LLC. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical46

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)ACETALDEHYDE* 37,368

METHANOL 258,376

46https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24521VRGNFROUTE

*Carcinogenic Chemical

45

18. York, Virginia (23692) is a county in the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Area and Yorktown is the county seat.

ZIP Code Population in 2010: 18,846 23692 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 279,478

Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:DOMINION RESOURCES INC YORKTOWN POWER STATION

1600 Waterview Road, Yorktown, VA 23692



Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)BENZENE* 17,362N-HEXANE 16,820TOLUENE 26,407

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 27,207

PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN

92201 Goodwin Neck Road, Yorktown, VA 23692

NAICS Code: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals


Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND AFTER "ACID AEROSOLS" ONLY)

135,000

SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER “ACID AEROSOLS” ONLY)

47,700

Table 31. Dominion Resources Inc. Yorktown Power Station 2015 Largest Toxic Air47

Table 32. Plains Marketing LP Yorktown 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical48

47https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23692YRKTW1600W48https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23692MCLCM2201G

*Carcinogenic Chemical

46

19. Narrows, Virginia (24124) is located in Giles County, Virginia. It was named for the narrowing of the New River that flows past it.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO PLANT

3520 Virginia Avenue, Narrows, VA 24124

NAICS Code: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing

Total Facility Air Releases (In Pounds): 246,684 • 100% of Air Emissions in Zip Code 24124

Table 33. Celanese Acetate LLC Celco Plant 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical49

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.) CYCLOHEXANE 217,956

DICHLOROMETHANE 22,340

49https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24124HCHSTRT460

47

20. Arlington, Virginia (22203) is located in northern Virginia, five miles outside of Washington, D.C.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:PENTAGON RESERVATION.

1 North Rotary Road, Arlington, VA 22203

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code: 928110 National Security


Table 34. Pent Reservation 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical50

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)ETHYLBENZENE 28,480

N-HEXANE 56,959NAPHTHALENE 85,439

50https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/2220WPNTRSNRTAR

48

21. Newport News, Virginia (23607) is one of the cities that make up the Hampton Roads region in the southeastern part of the state.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC.

4101 Washington Avenue, Newport News, VA 23607

NAICS Code: 336611 Ship Building and Repairing


Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.) METHANOL 32,749 TOLUENE 36,192

Table 35. Huntington Ingalls Inc. 2014 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical51

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 43,724


Table 36. Mica Co of Canada Inc. 2014 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical52

MICA CO OF CANADA INC.

900 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23607

NAICS Code: 327999 Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing


51https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23607NWPRT4101W52https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/23607MCCMP900JE

49

22. Galax, Virginia (24333) is a census-designated area in Carroll County, VA on the border of North Carolina.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE CO.

300 East Grayson Street, Galax, VA, 24333

NAICS Code: 337122 Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing


• 82% of Total Air Releases in ZIP Code 24333

Table 37. Vaughan-Bassett Furniture CO. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical53

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)METHANOL 16,511TOLUENE 71,002

53https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24333CNSLD110JA

50

23. Gladys, Virginia (24554) is an unincorporated community in Campbell County, Virginia.

Zip Code Population in 2010: 3,99524554 Total Aggregate Air Releases of TRI Chemicals excluding Dioxin and Dioxin-like compounds 2015 (In Pounds): 135,464

Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emission: GEORGIA-PACIFIC WOOD PRODUCTS LLC - BROOKNEAL OSB.

11795 Brookneal Highway, Gladys, VA 24554

NAICS Code: 321219 Reconstituted Wood Product Manufacturing


Table 38. Georgia-Pacific Wood Products LLC. – Brookneal OSB. 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical54


METHANOL 65,000

54https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24554GRGPCHIGHW

*Around 13 thousand pounds of formaldehyde and 4 thousand pounds of acetaldehyde, carcinogenic chemicals were also released.

51

24. Axton, Virginia (24054) is an unincorporated community in Henry County, Virginia.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:CPFILMS INC-AXTON FACILITY

47 Brenda Drive, Axton, VA 24054

NAICS Code: 326130 Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (Except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing


Table 39. CPFilms Inc. Axton Facility 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical55

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)ETHYLENE GLYCOL 108,200

N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE 26,370

55https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24054CMMNWRT58S

52

25. Danville, Virginia (24540) is a census-designated area in southern Pittsylvania County bordering North Carolina.


Primary Source(s) of Toxic Air Emissions:INTERTAPE POLYMER

1101 Eagle Springs Road, Danville, VA, 24540

NAICS Code: 326113 Unlamented Plastics Film and Sheets (Except packaging) Manufacturing



Table 40. Intertape Polymer 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical56

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)TOLUENE 72,900

DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC

1975 Old Richmond Road, Danville, VA, 24540

NAICS Code: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing



Table 41. Danchem Technologies INC 2015 Largest Toxic Air Emissions by Chemical57

Chemical Name Toxic Emissions (lbs.)N-BUTYL ALCHOOL 33,912

56https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24540NTRTPSTATE57https://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/tri/ef-facilities/#/Facility/24540DNRVRSTATE

5349

Health Impacts of the Top 15 Toxic Chemicals Released In VA

54

Table 42. Health Effects of the 2015 Top 15 Most Released Toxic Chemicals in Virginia Air1,2

*X=Health Effect **Adverse health effects from chemical exposures depend on many factors, including

toxicity, environmental fate, and the extent of exposure to the chemical. Chemical health effects information comes from the OSHA Carcinogen List and the TRI-CHIP datasets.

Chemical Name

Total Air Releases

(lbs.)59

Eye Irritant

Skin Irritant

Nasal/ Throat Irritant

Lung Irritant

Birth Defects

Lowers Sperm Count

Cancer Causing

Cardio-vascular Impacts

Liver/ Kidney

DamageNeurological

Impacts

AMMONIA 4,583,949 X X X X

METHANOL 4,470,167 X X X X X

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 and after acid aero-

sols only) 3,620,564X X X X

SULFURIC ACID (1994 and after acid aerosols

only) 1,074,214X X X X

TOLUENE 543,625 X X X X X X X

N-HEXANE 489,763 X X X X X X

CERTAIN GLYCOL ETHERS

481,924X X X X X X X X

ETHYLENE GLYCOL 423,033 X X X X X X

HYDROGEN SULFIDE 408,136

X X X X

ACETALDEHYDE 360,918 X X X X X X X


X X X X X X

N-METH-YL-2-PYRROLI-

DONE 309,835X X X X X

STYRENE 308,303 X X X X X X

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 278,469

X X X X X

FREON 113277,839

X X X X X

58EPA TRI CHIP database. https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-chemical-hazard-information-profiles.59EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, March 2016, 47, accessed July 21, 2016, https://www.epa.gov/triexplorer.

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While this report is a good start to begin understanding what chemicals are in the environment, it doesn’t give a full picture of the effects on the human body and the environment. Many of the chemicals being released are not well studied and comprehensive impacts are not yet known. This report has focused on air pollution, but 11.6 million pounds of toxic chemicals were reported to have polluted Virginia’s water and 6.9 million pounds polluted the land in 2015.

Additionally, stationary source data like smoke stack air emissions do not include the tons of toxic chemicals emitted from our gasoline and diesel-powered cars, trucks and heavy equipment. The 2014 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) compiles criteria air pollutant and hazardous air pollutant emissions data from state, local, tribal, and national agencies including point, nonpoint, and mobile sources.60 NEI data for Virginia estimate that from aircraft, commercial marine vessels, trains, and gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles and equipment about 54 million tons of pollutants were released.61 This also doesn’t include toxins found in everyday products such as plastic food containers, nail polish, air fresheners, perfumes, cleaning products, antiperspirants and cosmetics. One resource to find a wealth of information on cosmetics is the Environmental Working Group’s (EWG) Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, which ranks over 60 thousand cosmetics items by toxicity.

Former President Obama’s 2008-2009 Cancer Panel report, entitled ‘Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk’, found that there was a “growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer.”62 The report found that citizens across the United States are finally waking up to the fact that there are links between cancer and toxic exposures. It also noted that in many cases exposures happening on the job or through the environment could have been stopped if national action had been taken. While some of the biggest polluters may still be found in vulnerable communities, the toxics emitted into our air and water do not respect city or county jurisdictional boundaries. The concentrations of pollution may be lower in communities some distance from pollution sources, but as the 2008-2009 Cancer Panel report illustrates, even lower levels of toxics exposure should be a concern to all Virginians.

The 15 most common toxic chemicals released into the air of Virginia are shown in Table 42. By virtue of these chemicals being included in the EPA’s TRI Program, they all cause “cancer or other chronic human health effects, significant adverse acute human health effects [and/or] significant adverse environmental effects."63 It is important to keep in mind that the consequences of being exposed to toxic chemicals can vary depending on several factors such as the amount of the dose, the amount of time one was exposed, how one was exposed and whether one is exposed to other chemicals as well. Personal habits impact the effects of exposure as well. Health effects can occur shortly after exposure with a range of impacts in seriousness from watery eyes to lung damage or they can be more insidious and occur after many months or years after one’s first exposure (e.g. cancer).

Health Impacts

60EPA 2014 National Emissions Inventory, version 1 Technical Support Document. https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/2014-national-emissions-inventory-nei-technical-support-document-tsd612014 National Emissions Inventory Data. https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/2014-national-emissions-inventory-nei-data62 Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk-What we can do now. President’s Cancer Panel Annual Report; April 2010; http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/advisory/pcp/annualReports/pcp08-09rpt/PCP_Report_08-09_508.pdf63 http://www2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-listed-chemicals

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Breathing toxic chemicals can increase your risk of health problems. They can hinder the function of the body by frequently altering chemical reactions at the cellular level resulting in the cell being unable to function or fundamentally changing cellular activity. The effects of toxic air pollutants entering the body can thus range from impaired organs, to cancer, which is the result of cells growing too quickly, to birth defects which occur when an unborn child’s cells are damaged. After a pollutant is breathed into the body, it can stay in the lungs or move around to all parts of the body, being transported by the bloodstream. Depending on the chemical, pollutants can become more or less toxic as they move around the body. This change due to chemical reactions can occur especially in the liver. Pollutants can either stay in the body stored in fat, bone and/or hair or can leave the body by being exhaled, in sweat, urine, bowel movements and/or breast milk.64

64https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/atw/3_90_024.html

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Health Effects of the Top Toxic Chemicals Released into Virginia AirOne of the most released toxic pollutants into Virginia air is hydrochloric acid aerosols which can cause irritation of the respiratory tract which can lead to difficulties in breathing. Hydrochloric acid also known as hydrogen chloride gas can also cause burns and eye irritation.65

Ammonia, the top pollutant in Virginia, is an upper respiratory irritant and as such it can irritate the eyes, nose and throat; short-term exposure to high concentrations of ammonia gas has been linked to tracheal burns, airway obstruction and death.66 Being exposed to methanol or methyl alcohol in the air can irritate the respiratory tract and cause coughing or shortness of breath.

Sulfuric acid, if inhaled, can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing shortness of breath or build-up of fluid as well as cause headaches, nausea and vomiting.67 There are many potential health consequences of being exposed to toluene. This particular chemical impacts the nervous system as well as the respiratory system. Being exposed to high concentrations of toluene has resulted in death.

Symptoms can include anxiety, exhaustion, confusion, dizziness and euphoria. During pregnancy, exposure to toluene has resulted in miscarriages, children with birth defects, in addition to negative impacts on growth and mental abilities. Toluene can also damage skin, liver and kidneys.68 Breathing high levels of ethylene glycol can irritate the upper respiratory tract as well as mucous membranes such as the nose, ears, eyelids and mouth.69

Acetaldehyde, another top chemical released in Virginia, has been designated as a probable human carcinogen.70 Additional impacts include lung inflammation or irritation that can lead to a change in breathing rate or possible respiratory failure due to a lack of the exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. Some polycyclic aromatic compounds have been determined by the Department of Health and Human Services to be possible carcinogens. For instance, people who have inhaled or whose skin has come into contact with polycyclic aromatic compounds for lengthy time spans have gotten cancer.71

The EPA TRI database provides an excellent resource to access not only which chemicals are being released into the air and their associated health risks, but also to find information on the big emitters close to your community. In highlighting the top twenty five most toxic ZIP codes along with the biggest polluters and the toxic chemicals released, our goal has been to make the public more aware of what they are being exposed to as well as to empower Virginians with the knowledge of how to use the EPA TRI database to find this information. As of 2015, Virginia was the 20th most toxic out of 50 U.S. states and territories in terms of total toxic emissions. When looking at just toxic air pollution released, Virginia is 15th. Although Virginia has come a long way, our state still has progress to make to ensure that every Virginian is breathing clean air.65 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-123/pdfs/0332.pdf66 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp126-c3.pdf67 http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1761.pdf68 https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/toluene/health_hazards.html69 http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750031.html70 https://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/hlthef/acetalde.html71 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=121&tid=25

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Community Spotlight: Hopewell (23860)

59

Year in, year out, Hopewell ranks No. 1 in toxic air pollution emissions and in recent years that air pollution has gotten worse. 2012 data from the EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory ranked Hopewell No. 2 behind Covington among the most toxic zip codes for air pollution in Virginia. But in 2013, Hopewell regained its No. 1 status when its biggest polluter, Honeywell International’s Hopewell Plant expanded production, and Virginia DEQ authorized the company to increase its phenal emissions by 50 percent, toluene by over 75 percent and sulfuric acid by more than 600 percent. Although Hopewell emissions dipped in 2015, the latest year for which data is available, at 3,447,902 pounds of toxic air pollution, Hopewell is still No. 1 in air toxics.

In 2016, Honeywell International spun off its Hopewell plant to AdvanSix, Inc. According to company’s website, “AdvanSix’s Hopewell facility is one of the world’s largest single-site producers of caprolactam, the primary feedstock in the production of nylon polymer used in carpet fibers, plastics and films… The site is also a global leader in the development and production of ammonium sulfate fertilizers… The Hopewell facility is Virginia’s second largest exporter and employs more than 650 highly-skilled workers.”

Virginians may recall that Hopewell is infamous for the kepone dumping by Allied Chemical in the James River in the early seventies that shut down fishing in the James and attracted worldwide attention. That kepone still lurks in the sediments of the James River. Hopewell residents can choose not to eat fish from that river but they have no choice but to breathe the toxic air.

Numerous other chemical firms operate in Hopewell emitting a toxic soup that every now and then draws some unflattering publicity, prompting city and Virginia Department of the Environment officials to reassure citizens that the air is safe to breathe even though commonsense tells you it is not. Just drive through Hopewell, take a whiff and you’ll know that no living thing should be breathing this toxic brew. Fact is, that with the exception of just six “criterion” pollutants, Virginia and the EPA have no standards for toxics in the air you breathe. DEQ and EPA are only responsible to ensure that a company obeys its permit limits at the stack. As numerous chemicals mix in the air and react creating even new toxic compounds, citizens are on their own with no protections from the air they breathe.

Over the decades, the refusal of city officials and DEQ to take meaningful action against these powerful corporate polluters has instilled a hopelessness in many citizens who stopped complaining long ago because it has never done any good. Democratic and Republican governors have chosen to ignore the toxic air pollution in Hopewell in the name of preserving manufacturing jobs. With companies always threatening to move to another state or another country with lax pollution laws, Democratic and Republican Administrations in Richmond and in Hopewell City Hall have taken a hands off approach with the city’s biggest polluters.

While air quality is generally improving for many Americans, those citizens who live in company towns like Hopewell do not see those benefits. A big part of the problem is the permitting process and lax enforcement. Each of the companies in Hopewell has a permit under the Clean Air Act to emit the toxic chemicals out of their smokestacks. The permits issued by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality rely on the industries’ representations that the pollution

Hopewell, Virginia - A Toxic Air Pollution Sacrifice Zone

60

controls in place are the best they can do. Worse yet, these lax limits on pollution are regularly exceeded under a giant permit loophole for “startups, shut downs and malfunctions” in the chemical manufacturing process.

Lifelong resident and cancer survivor Katherine Podlewski has not lost hope for cleaner air for Hopewell residents like herself. “Some Hopewell citizens say the pollution smells like money, but to me it smells like death. We shouldn’t have to live like this,” said Podlewski. Katherine still calls the DEQ when the smells in the air are worse than usual and a DEQ inspector will usually come out and conclude that a company is within its permit even if it is poisoning the community because that’s law in Virginia.

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Community Spotlight: Newport News (23607)

62

58http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/OMHHE/Documents/Health%20Equity%20Report%202012.pdf59http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/OMHHE/documents/health-equity-report-08.pdf

Health Impacts Community Spotlight: Newport News (23607)The Southeast Community is about 4 miles long and 2 miles wide and is found in Newport News, part of the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia. According to the 2010 Census, the neighborhood population is approximately 17 percent Caucasian and 77 percent African American. The Southeast Community has been identified as one of the most vulnerable areas to adverse health outcomes according to the 2012 Virginia Health Equity Report.58 Past research has found that the death rates for African American’s in Newport News were higher than the regional and state averages for heart disease, chronic respiratory disease and septicemia.59

According to the most current 2015 Toxic Release Inventory data, 65 percent of the toxic air emissions in Newport News was released in the Southeast Community 23607 and equaled approximately 146,000 pounds. Huntington Ingalls Inc. (Newport News Shipyard) continues to be the largest emitter of toxic chemicals not only in the Southeast Community, but also in the city of Newport News. In addition to industrial facilities such as the shipyard and the Mica Co. of Canada, Interstate 664 and commercial port operations are also located within the Southeast Community. From 2014 to 2015, Huntington Ingalls Inc. decreased their toxic air emissions by approximately 46,308 pounds. During this same time period, emissions from the Mica Co. of Canada decreased by approximately 1,873 pounds.

N-butyl alcohol, toluene, xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and methanol remain the most released chemicals into the air in the Southeast Community. In 2015, the amount of N-butyl alcohol and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene released into the air decreased by 6 percent and 3 percent respectively. On the other hand, the amount of toluene, xylene, and methanol released into the air increased by 4 percent, 2 percent, and 7 percent respectively.

N-butyl alcohol is a suspected neurotoxicant, cardiovascular/blood toxicant, gastrointestinal/liver toxicant, respiratory toxicant, and skin/sense toxicant. Toluene has been recognized as a developmental toxicant. Exposure of pregnant women can disrupt fetal development or in some cases cause the death of the fetus. Other impacts can include birth defects, abnormal birth weight, biological impairments, and psychological/behavioral deficits. Additionally, toluene is suspected to be a cardiovascular/blood toxicant, gastrointestinal/liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant and a skin/sense toxicant.

Methanol is a suspected developmental toxicant, gastrointestinal/liver toxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, respiratory toxicant, and a skin/sense toxicant. 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene is a cardiovascular or blood toxicant, neurotoxicant, and respiratory toxicant.

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene ranks between the 50th - 75th percentile on the Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Screening Environmental Indicators for Inhalation Toxicity Weight,

63

a ranking system that measures risk assessment relative to other chemicals in terms of propensity to cause cancer and non-cancer health effects. Xylene is suspected to be a cardiovascular/blood toxicant, developmental toxicant, gastrointestinal/liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant and skin/sense toxicant.

In 2011, the Southeast CARE Coalition (SECC) was created from a US Environmental Protection Agency Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) grant received by the Greater Southeast Development Corporation. The EPA’s CARE program focused on providing communities pathways to address risk from multiple sources of toxic pollution. Since that time, the SECC (a broad, community-based, grassroots alliance consisting of residents, organizations, businesses, and academic institutions), continues to address environmental concerns in the Southeast Community of Newport News, VA by providing direct paths to action. Current priorities of SECC are 1) Air Quality, 2) Food Desert, 3) Water Quality, 4) Climate Change Impacts and Community Resiliency, 5) Health Disparities, and 6) Permits, Policies, and Regulations.

In 2016, the Southeast CARE Coalition partnered with US EPA Headquarters, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and The VA Department of Environmental Quality to provide training on the Title V permitting process and our role as citizens in this process. During this time, the Coalition prepared and submitted written comments on the Title V permit that was up for renewal for the second largest source of toxic air emission, the Mica Company, and as of July 2017 this permit is still under review. The collective work of the SECC continues to provide an exceptional example of an empowered community working together to address and generate action around issues of environmental concern.

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Appendix 2015 Virginia Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) By ZIP Code

65

ZIP Facility City County Total Air Pollution (In lbs.)

20109 QG PRINTING II CORP MANASSAS MANASSAS (CITY) 3,495.84 20109 SAFETY-KLEEN SYSTEMS MANASSAS (MAN) MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 5.00 20110 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 6,000.00 20110 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 1,900.00 20110 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 570.00 20110 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 140.00 20110 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 110.00 20110 MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC MANASSAS PRINCE WILLIAM 70.00 20120 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-

CENTREVILLE PLANTCENTREVILLE FAIRFAX 0.02

20121 VIRGINIA CONCRETE CENTREVILLE PLANT CENTREVILLE FAIRFAX 0.02 20135 US DHS MT WEATHER EOC BLUEMONT LOUDOUN 6.07 20147 VIRGINIA CONCRETE LEESBURG PLANT ASHBURN LOUDOUN 0.04 20152 CHANTILLY READY MIX CONCRETE CHANTILLY FAIRFAX 0.02 20152 VIRGINIA CONCRETE CO INC-CHANTILLY CHANTILLY FAIRFAX 0.00 20155 VIRGINIA CONCRETE GAINESVILLE PLANT GAINESVILLE PRINCE WILLIAM 0.00 20166 VIASYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP LLC DULLES LOUDOUN 2,368.00 20166 ASIG FUELING OPERATIONS WASH DULLES

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTSTERLING LOUDOUN 666.00

20166 ASIG FUELING OPERATIONS WASH DULLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

STERLING LOUDOUN 320.00













20166 VIASYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP LLC DULLES LOUDOUN 10.00 20166 VIASYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES CORP LLC DULLES LOUDOUN 10.00 20166 ASIG FUELING OPERATIONS WASH DULLES

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTSTERLING LOUDOUN 0.58







20166 VIRGINIA CONCRETE DULLES PLANT STERLING LOUDOUN 0.08

66

20166 TIITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-STERLING PLANT


20175 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-LEESBURG PLANT

LEESBURG LOUDOUN 0.02

20186 US DOD WARRENTON TRAINING CENTER WARRENTON FAUQUIER 3.43 22026 POSSUM POINT POWER STATION DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 07,000.00 22026 POSSUM POINT POWER STATION DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 14,400.00 22026 POSSUM POINT POWER STATION DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 1,350.00 22026 POSSUM POINT POWER STATION DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 1.00 22026 POSSUM POINT POWER STATION DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 0.17 22026 POSSUM POINT POWER STATION DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 0.06 22026 VIRGINIA CONCRETE DUMFRIES PLANT DUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 0.03 22026 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-DUMFRIES

PLANTDUMFRIES PRINCE WILLIAM 0.03

22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 512.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 416.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 346.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 240.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 64.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 52.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 8.00 22031 MOTIVA FAIRFAX TERMINAL FAIRFAX FAIRFAX (CITY) 5.00 22043 VIRGINIA CONCRETE FALLS CHURCH PLANT FALLS CHURCH FALLS CHURCH (CITY) 0.01 22079 NEWINGTON CONCRETE PLANT NEWINGTON FAIRFAX 0.00 22101 BUSH CENTER FOR INTELLIGENCE (CIA) MC LEAN FAIRFAX 5.00 22135 US DOJ FBI TRAINING ACADEMY QUANTICO STAFFORD 35.00 22150 VIRGINIA CONCRETE EDSALL ROAD PLANT SPRINGFIELD FAIRFAX 0.13 22153 SICPA SECURINK CORP SPRINGFIELD FAIRFAX 309.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 1,560.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 1,466.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 624.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 366.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 363.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 312.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 312.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 312.00 22202 ALLIED AVIATION FUELING CO INC ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 2.00 22203 PENT RESERVATION ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 89,856.00 22203 PENT RESERVATION ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 59,904.00 22203 PENT RESERVATION ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 29,952.00 22206 VIRGINIA CONCRETE SHIRLINGTON PLANT ARLINGTON ARLINGTON 0.08 22405 FALMOUTH READY MIX CONCRETE FALMOUTH STAFFORD 0.01 22406 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-STAFFORD

PLANTFALMOUTH STAFFORD 0.02

22407 SPOTSYLVANIA PLANT FREDERICKSBURG SPOTSYLVANIA 98.19 22407 SPOTSYLVANIA PLANT FREDERICKSBURG SPOTSYLVANIA 0.16

67

22407 OLDCASTLE PRECAST INC FREDERICKSBURG SPOTSYLVANIA 0.00 22435 CARRY-ON TRAILER CORP CALLAO NORTHUMBERLAND 44.00 22435 CARRY-ON TRAILER CORP CALLAO NORTHUMBERLAND 0.03 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 8,410.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 1,177.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 565.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 433.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 102.10 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 48.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 44.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 39.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 36.10 22485 KING GEORGE PLANT KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 35.08 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 29.10 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 17.14 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 6.00 22485 BIRCHWOOD POWER FACILITY KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 0.19 22485 KING GEORGE PLANT KING GEORGE KING GEORGE 0.06 22514 ANCHOR AN OLDCASTLE CO MILFORD CAROLINE 0.10 22520 CARRY-ON TRAILER CORP MONTROSS WESTMORELAND 7,319.00 22520 CARRY-ON TRAILER CORP MONTROSS WESTMORELAND 6,471.00 22520 CARRY-ON TRAILER CORP MONTROSS WESTMORELAND 106.00 22520 CARRY-ON TRAILER CORP MONTROSS WESTMORELAND 1.00 22554 STAFFORD PLANT STAFFORD STAFFORD 97.87 22554 STAFFORD PLANT STAFFORD STAFFORD 0.15 22554 VIRGINIA CONCRETE-STAFFORD PLANT STAFFORD STAFFORD 0.02 22572 WOOD PRESERVERS INC WARSAW RICHMOND 4,181.00 22572 WOOD PRESERVERS INC WARSAW RICHMOND 5.10 22580 LADYSMITH COMBUSTION TURBINE

STATIONWOODFORD CAROLINE 0.33

22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 7,311.00 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 3,437.00 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 2,252.61 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 1,479.15 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 442.47 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 239.01 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 76.43 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 70.43 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 42.49 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 6.58 22601 O'SULLIVAN FILMS INC WINCHESTER WINCHESTER (CITY) 0.10 22602 HP HOOD LLC WINCHESTER FREDERICK 103.00 22603 KINGSPAN INSULATION LLC WINCHESTER FREDERICK 35,079.69 22603 QG PRINTING II CORP WINCHESTER FREDERICK 6,649.82 22624 TRELLEBORG MARINE SYSTEMS USA INC CLEAR BROOK FREDERICK 17.00

68

22624 TRELLEBORG MARINE SYSTEMS USA INC CLEAR BROOK FREDERICK 12.50 22624 TRELLEBORG MARINE SYSTEMS USA INC CLEAR BROOK FREDERICK 6.00 22624 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-CLEAR

BROOK PLANTCLEAR BROOK FREDERICK 0.02

22630 RPS COMPOSITES VIRGINIA INC FRONT ROYAL WARREN 9,865.00 22630 AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LLC-FRONT

ROYAL PLANTFRONT ROYAL WARREN 9,593.00

22630 AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LLC-FRONT ROYAL PLANT

FRONT ROYAL WARREN 8,896.00






FRONT ROYAL WARREN 702.00

































22630 US CBP CANINE TRAINING FACILITY FIRING RANGE #VA0040


22657 RR DONNELLEY STRASBURG DIV STRASBURG SHENANDOAH 4,309.00

69

22657 RR DONNELLEY STRASBURG DIV STRASBURG SHENANDOAH 4,179.00 22657 O-N MINERALS (CHEMSTONE) STRASBURG

LIME PLANTSTRASBURG SHENANDOAH 1.15

22657 O-N MINERALS (CHEMSTONE) STRASBURG LIME PLANT

STRASBURG SHENANDOAH 0.21

22701 MASCO CABINETRY LLC CULPEPER CULPEPER 21,868.15 22701 MASCO CABINETRY LLC CULPEPER CULPEPER 17,861.85 22701 BINGHAM & TAYLOR CULPEPER CULPEPER 2.78 22701 BINGHAM & TAYLOR CULPEPER CULPEPER 2.12 22701 BINGHAM & TAYLOR CULPEPER CULPEPER 1.11 22701 BINGHAM & TAYLOR CULPEPER CULPEPER 0.97 22701 BINGHAM & TAYLOR CULPEPER CULPEPER 0.18 22728 FIBERGLASS ENGINEERING CO MIDLAND FAUQUIER 6,692.00 22728 CHEMETRICS INC MIDLAND FAUQUIER - 22734 OLD DOMINION ELECTRIC CO-OP MARSH

RUN GENERATION FACILITYREMINGTON FAUQUIER 38.00

22734 DOMINION REMINGTON POWER STATION REMINGTON FAUQUIER 0.20 22801 AIRDYE SOLUTIONS LLC HARRISONBURG ROCKINGHAM 380.00 22801 AIRDYE SOLUTIONS LLC HARRISONBURG ROCKINGHAM 220.00 22802 RR DONNELLEY HARRISONBURG ROCKINGHAM 99,958.00 22802 MONTEBELLO PACKAGING HARRISONBURG ROCKINGHAM 3,505.00 22802 SUPERIOR CONCRETE INC-HARRISONBURG HARRISONBURG ROCKINGHAM 0.08 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 12,210.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 8,390.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 5,590.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 3,250.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 1,730.00 22827 MILLERCOORS-SHENANDOAH ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 553.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 220.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 140.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 20.00 22827 MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP ELKTON ROCKINGHAM 2.00 22842 MASCO CABINETRY MOUNT JACKSON SHENANDOAH 70,457.71 22842 MASCO CABINETRY MOUNT JACKSON SHENANDOAH 46,884.87 22842 MASCO CABINETRY MOUNT JACKSON SHENANDOAH 16,547.19 22844 HOWELL METAL CO NEW MARKET SHENANDOAH 24.00 22853 PILGRIM'S PRIDE CORP BROADWAY

FACILITYTIMBERVILLE ROCKINGHAM 1,500.00

22853 PILGRIM'S PRIDE CORP BROADWAY FACILITY

TIMBERVILLE ROCKINGHAM 1,500.00

22901 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP CHARLOTTESVILLE ALBEMARLE 0.27 22911 GE INTELLIGENT PLATFORMS CHARLOTTESVILLE ALBEMARLE 1.20 22942 DOMINION RESOURCES INC

GORDONSVILLE POWER STATIONGORDONSVILLE LOUISA 47,200.00

22942 OLD DOMINION ELECTRIC CO-OP LOUISA GENERATION FACILITY

GORDONSVILLE LOUISA 30.00

70

22942 DOMINION RESOURCES INC GORDONSVILLE POWER STATION

GORDONSVILLE LOUISA 0.19

23005 DOSWELL LP ASHLAND HANOVER 279,735.00 23005 DOSWELL LP ASHLAND HANOVER 117,854.00 23005 DOSWELL LP ASHLAND HANOVER 117,854.00 23005 DOSWELL LP ASHLAND HANOVER 64,822.00 23005 BEAR ISLAND PAPER WB LLC ASHLAND HANOVER 42,480.00 23005 BEAR ISLAND PAPER WB LLC ASHLAND HANOVER 25,580.00 23005 SOUTH ATLANTIC GALVANIZING LLC ASHLAND HANOVER 3,635.00 23005 COMMONWEALTH GALVANIZING ASHLAND HANOVER 777.20 23005 COMMONWEALTH GALVANIZING ASHLAND HANOVER 690.00 23005 DOSWELL LP ASHLAND HANOVER 130.00 23005 SOUTH ATLANTIC GALVANIZING LLC ASHLAND HANOVER 12.13 23005 COMMONWEALTH GALVANIZING ASHLAND HANOVER 10.88 23005 CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST LLC-HANOVER

PIPE PLANTASHLAND HANOVER 0.16

23005 CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST LLC-ASHLAND PRECAST PLANT

ASHLAND HANOVER 0.15

23059 TYSON FARMS INC - PROCESSING FACILITY GLEN ALLEN HANOVER 1,480.00 23110 ASB GREENWORLD INC MATTAPONI KING AND QUEEN 0.16 23112 MECHANICSVILLE CONCRETE LLC-

CHESTERFIELD PLANTMIDLOTHIAN CHESTERFIELD 0.02

23123 BEAR GARDEN GENERATING STATION NEW CANTON BUCKINGHAM 6,400.00 23150 STANDEX ENGRAVING LLC SANDSTON HENRICO 208.00 23150 SOUTHERN GRAPHIC SYSTEMS RICHMOND SANDSTON HENRICO 197.00 23150 STANDEX ENGRAVING LLC SANDSTON HENRICO 2.00 23168 GREYSTONE OF VIRGINIA INC TOANO JAMES CITY 1.32 23185 ANHEUSER-BUSCH INC WILLIAMSBURG JAMES CITY 12,358.00 23185 BRANSCOME INC-LEE HALL WILLIAMSBURG JAMES CITY 1.03 23185 BRANSCOME INC-LEE HALL WILLIAMSBURG JAMES CITY 0.10 23185 BRANSCOME INC-LEE HALL WILLIAMSBURG JAMES CITY 0.01 23222 ENNIS PAINT-RICHMOND RICHMOND HENRICO 17,355.00 23224 BELLEMEADE POWER STATION RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 20,000.00 23224 SAMPSON COATINGS INC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 679.00 23224 SONOCO RICHMOND RICHMOND RICHMOND 0.25 23224 BELLEMEADE POWER STATION RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 0.10 23224 TCS MATERIALS RICHMOND PLANT RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 0.04 23230 ARGOS READY MIX BRYAN PARK CONCRETE

PLANTRICHMOND HENRICO 0.02

23230 MECHANICSVILLE CONCRETE LLC-BRYAN PARK PLANT

RICHMOND HENRICO 0.00

23231 MONDELEZ GLOBAL LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND 94,425.00 23231 STERILIZATION SERVICES OF VIRGINIA RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 8,248.00 23231 MECHANICSVILLE CONCRETE LLC-AIRPORT

PLANT (OAKLEYS LANE)HENRICO HENRICO 0.02

23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 108,000.00

71

23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 58,900.00 23234 PHILIP MORRIS USA COMMERCE ROAD SITE RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 48,140.00 23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 46,100.00 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 43,919.00 23234 PHILIP MORRIS USA COMMERCE ROAD SITE RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 19,564.00 23234 PHILIP MORRIS USA COMMERCE ROAD SITE RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 12,064.00 23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 9,846.00 23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 9,129.00 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 5,490.00 23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 3,960.00 23234 DUPONT SPRUANCE PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 3,567.00 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 571.00 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 455.00 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 358.00 23234 KINDER MORGAN TRANSMIX CO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 304.50 23234 KINDER MORGAN TRANSMIX CO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 285.40 23234 CARPENTER CO RICHMOND PLANT RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 250.57 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 227.00 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 209.00 23234 CARPENTER CO RICHMOND PLANT RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 177.88 23234 KINDER MORGAN TRANSMIX CO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 161.80 23234 KINDER MORGAN TRANSMIX CO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 135.00 23234 KINDER MORGAN TRANSMIX CO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 123.10 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 104.00 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 73.00 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 56.16 23234 KINDER MORGAN TRANSMIX CO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 34.40 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 9.00 23234 PHILIP MORRIS USA COMMERCE ROAD SITE RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 6.20 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 5.27 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 5.00 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 0.60 23234 SPRUANCE GENCO LLC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 0.40 23234 CARPENTER CO RICHMOND PLANT RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 0.06 23234 MOTIVA RICHMOND TERMINAL RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD - 23237 DUPONT JAMES RIVER PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 17,117.32 23237 BELLWOOD PRINTING PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 12,366.00 23237 ALERIS ROLLED PRODUCTS INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 8,011.00 23237 DUPONT JAMES RIVER PLANT RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 204.00 23237 ALERIS ROLLED PRODUCTS INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 1.00 23237 ALERIS ROLLED PRODUCTS INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 0.32 23237 KAISER ALUMINUM FABRICATED PRODUCTS

LLCRICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 0.02

23320 MITSUBISHI KAGAKU IMAGING CORP CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 17.00 23320 MITSUBISHI KAGAKU IMAGING CORP CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 10.00

72

23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 750,000.00 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 94,000.00 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 64,000.00 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 8,400.00 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 75.00 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 61.70 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 31.80 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 2.00 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 0.70 23323 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CENTER CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 0.16 23323 CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST LLC

CHESAPEAKE PLANTCHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 0.12

23323 ELIZABETH RIVER COMBUSTION TURBINE STATION

CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 0.04

23324 PERDUE FARMS INC-CHESAPEAKE GRAIN CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 271,787.00 23337 US NASA GSFC WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY WALLOPS ISLAND ACCOMACK 129.76 23337 US NASA GSFC WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY WALLOPS ISLAND ACCOMACK 44.05 23415 KMX CHEMICAL CORP NEW CHURCH ACCOMACK 1,000.00 23430 SMITHFIELD-SMITHFIELD FACILITY (NORTH) SMITHFIELD ISLE OF WIGHT 34,249.00 23430 SMITHFIELD-SMITHFIELD FACILITY (NORTH) SMITHFIELD ISLE OF WIGHT 23,104.00 23434 CAMERON CHEMICAL INC SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 500.00 23434 CAMERON CHEMICAL INC SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 500.00 23434 CAMERON CHEMICAL INC SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 500.00 23442 TYSON FARMS INC-TEMPERANCEVILLE TEMPERANCEVILLE ACCOMACK 15,623.00 23451 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-OCEANA

PLANTVIRGINIA BEACH VIRGINIA BEACH (CITY) 0.02

23452 STIHL INC VIRGINIA BEACH VIRGINIA BEACH (CITY) 4,507.00 23504 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-

CAMPOSTELLA PLANTNORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 0.02

23523 COLONNA'S SHIPYARD INC NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 19,682.00 23523 COLONNA'S SHIPYARD INC NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 15,519.00 23523 BAE SYSTEMS NORFOLK SHIP REPAIR NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 12,278.00 23523 BAE SYSTEMS NORFOLK SHIP REPAIR NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 9,592.00 23523 COLONNA'S SHIPYARD INC NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 3,201.00 23523 BAE SYSTEMS NORFOLK SHIP REPAIR NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 936.00 23523 US GYPSUM CO NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 53.19 23523 BAE SYSTEMS NORFOLK SHIP REPAIR NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 16.00 23523 US GYPSUM CO NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 0.67 23602 TCS MATERIALS NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 0.02 23604 JOINT BASE LANGLEY EUSTIS-EUSTIS (JBLE-

EUSTIS)FORT EUSTIS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 5.00

23606 CANON VIRGINIA INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 4,426.00 23606 CANON VIRGINIA INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 3,515.00 23661 HOWMET CASTINGS & SERVICES INC HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 2,870.00 23661 HOWMET CASTINGS & SERVICES INC HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 880.00 23661 HOWMET CASTINGS & SERVICES INC HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 61.00

73

23661 HOWMET CASTINGS & SERVICES INC HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 40.00 23661 HOWMET CASTINGS & SERVICES INC HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 14.00 23661 HOWMET CASTINGS & SERVICES INC HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 14.00 23661 CATALINA CYLINDERS CLIFF IMPACT DIV A

DIV OF APPHAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 10.00

23661 BRANSCOME-HAMPTON HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 1.09 23661 BRANSCOME-HAMPTON HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 0.11 23661 BRANSCOME-HAMPTON HAMPTON HAMPTON (CITY) 0.01 23665 US DOD USAF JOINT BASE LANGLEY

EUSTIS - LANGLEY AFBLANGLEY AFB HAMPTON (CITY) 5.00

23690 US NAVY DEFENSE FUEL SUPPORT POINT YORKTOWN FUELS

YORKTOWN YORK 72.64

23692 DOMINION RESOURCES INC YORKTOWN POWER STATION

YORKTOWN YORK 451,000.00





23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 19,500.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 10,140.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 6,300.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 5,000.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 2,760.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 1,140.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 278.00 23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 150.00 23692 DOMINION RESOURCES INC YORKTOWN

POWER STATIONYORKTOWN YORK 102.90


YORKTOWN YORK 85.00


YORKTOWN YORK 48.50


YORKTOWN YORK 8.00

23692 PLAINS MARKETING LP YORKTOWN YORKTOWN YORK 1.90 23692 DOMINION RESOURCES INC YORKTOWN

POWER STATIONYORKTOWN YORK 0.50


YORKTOWN YORK 0.02

23703 US AMINES (PORTSMOUTH) LLC PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 764.00 23703 US NAVY DEFENSE FUEL SUPPORT POINT

CRANEY ISLANDPORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 525.90

23703 US AMINES (PORTSMOUTH) LLC PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 67.00 23703 US AMINES (PORTSMOUTH) LLC PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 24.00 23703 US AMINES (PORTSMOUTH) LLC PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 22.00 23703 US COAST GUARD BASE PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 5.58 23703 COGENTRIX VIRGINIA LEASING CORP PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 3.44

74

23707 TITAN VIRGINIA READY-MIX LLC-PORT NORFOLK PLANT

PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 0.03

23803 PRE CON INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 1,424.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 585.00 23803 DOMINION CHEMICAL CO INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 500.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 383.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 150.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 74.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 71.00 23803 TUBE CITY IMS PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 13.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 10.00 23803 CHAPARRAL (VA) INC PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 1.08 23803 PRE CON INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 0.04 23803 MECHANICSVILLE CONCRETE LLC-

PETERSBURG PLANTPETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 0.01

23803 TUBE CITY IMS PETERSBURG DINWIDDIE 0.00 23805 BLEACHTECH LLC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 255.00 23805 BLEACHTECH LLC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 255.00 23805 VALMONT-VIRGINIA GALVANIZING INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 220.00 23805 AMSTED RAIL CO INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 0.45 23805 AMSTED RAIL CO INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 0.12 23805 AMSTED RAIL CO INC PETERSBURG PETERSBURG (CITY) 0.00 23824 US ARMY NATIONAL GUARD FORT PICKETT

INSTALLATIONBLACKSTONE NOTTOWAY 149.70

23824 ARBORTECH FOREST PRODUCTS INC BLACKSTONE NOTTOWAY 13.30 23834 CHURCH & DWIGHT CO INC COLONIAL

HEIGHTSCHESTERFIELD 515,123.00

23834 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL COLONIAL HEIGHTS PLANT

COLONIAL HEIGHTS

CHESTERFIELD 204,436.00

23834 CHURCH & DWIGHT CO INC COLONIAL HEIGHTS

CHESTERFIELD 179.44

23834 SUN CHEMICAL CORP COLONIAL HEIGHTS

COLONIAL HEIGHTS (CITY)

25.00

23834 SABRA DIPPING CO LLC COLONIAL HEIGHTS

CHESTERFIELD 5.00

23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 620,000.00 23836 PHILIP MORRIS USA PARK 500 SITE CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 341,120.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 110,000.00 23836 DUPONT TEIJIN FILMS CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 88,717.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 77,000.00 23836 DUPONT TEIJIN FILMS CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 25,266.00 23836 PHILIP MORRIS USA PARK 500 SITE CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 19,554.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 14,000.00 23836 DUPONT TEIJIN FILMS CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 1,136.00 23836 UNIVAR USA INC CHESTER FACILIT Y CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 991.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 780.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 540.00

75

23836 TRIDENT AMERICAS CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 531.00 23836 UNIVAR USA INC CHESTER FACILIT Y CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 503.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 350.00 23836 PHILIP MORRIS USA PARK 500 SITE CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 300.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 214.60 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 200.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 200.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 82.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 76.00 23836 UNIVAR USA INC CHESTER FACILIT Y CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 74.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 62.80 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 43.00 23836 UNIVAR USA INC CHESTER FACILIT Y CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 34.00 23836 UNIVAR USA INC CHESTER FACILIT Y CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 18.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 17.00 23836 UNIVAR USA INC CHESTER FACILIT Y CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 7.00 23836 SAFETY-KLEEN SYSTEMS CHESTER (CVA) CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 4.00 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 3.60 23836 PHILIP MORRIS USA PARK 500 SITE CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 3.20 23836 CHESTERFIELD POWER STATION CHESTER CHESTERFIELD 0.54 23837 ARKEMA INC FRANKLIN PLANT COURTLAND SOUTHAMPTON 500.00 23847 GEORGIA PACIFIC WOOD PRODUCTS LLC

EMPORIA PLYWOODEMPORIA GREENSVILLE 25,000.00

23847 GEORGIA PACIFIC WOOD PRODUCTS LLC EMPORIA PLYWOOD

EMPORIA GREENSVILLE 260.01

23847 GEORGIA PACIFIC WOOD PRODUCTS LLC EMPORIA PLYWOOD

EMPORIA GREENSVILLE 0.04

23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 948,240.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 196,250.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 107,700.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 88,794.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 47,247.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 26,516.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 12,223.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 9,836.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 7,963.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 1,853.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 77.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 29.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 23.00 23851 INTERNATIONAL PAPER FRANKLIN MILL FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 0.90 23851 ST TISSUE LLC FRANKLIN ISLE OF WIGHT 0.50 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC

HOPEWELL PLANTHOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 2,577,131.00

23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 251,534.00 23860 HOPEWELL COGENERATION FACILITY HOPEWELL PRINCE GEORGE 166,221.00

76

23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 138,172.00 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 119,653.00 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 117,802.00 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC

HOPEWELL PLANTHOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 106,520.00

23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 78,385.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 61,104.22 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 58,201.00 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC



HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 21,948.00



23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 17,471.00 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC




23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 10,133.00 23860 JAMES RIVER COGENERATION CO INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 10,000.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 8,780.00 23860 JAMES RIVER COGENERATION CO INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 8,700.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 5,563.00 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC


23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 2,394.00 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 2,137.00 23860 EVONIK CORP HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 1,133.00 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 1,068.00 23860 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT HOPEWELL LLC HOPEWELL PRINCE GEORGE 789.48 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC

HOPEWELL PLANTHOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 657.00

23860 EVONIK CORP HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 652.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 525.98 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 372.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 316.50 23860 EVONIK CORP HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 252.00 23860 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC

HOPEWELL PLANTHOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 138.00

23860 JAMES RIVER COGENERATION CO INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 115.88 23860 EVONIK CORP HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 113.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 110.00 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 88.50 23860 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT HOPEWELL LLC HOPEWELL PRINCE GEORGE 79.10 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 52.40 23860 HOPEWELL COGENERATION FACILITY HOPEWELL PRINCE GEORGE 52.00

77

23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 25.00 23860 EVONIK CORP HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 16.20 23860 EVONIK CORP HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 8.10 23860 HERCULES INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 5.00 23860 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT HOPEWELL LLC HOPEWELL PRINCE GEORGE 3.52 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 1.34 23860 ROCKTENN CP LLC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 0.39 23860 JAMES RIVER COGENERATION CO INC HOPEWELL HOPEWELL (CITY) 0.31 23860 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT HOPEWELL LLC HOPEWELL PRINCE GEORGE 0.03 23867 BOAR'S HEAD PROVISIONS CO INC-

JARRATTJARRATT GREENSVILLE 20,000.00

23868 REDLAND BRICK INC-LAWRENCEVILLE PLANT

LAWRENCEVILLE BRUNSWICK 433.00

23875 METL-SPAN A DIV OF NCI GROUP INC PRINCE GEORGE PRINCE GEORGE 5.00 23890 MURPHY-BROWN LLC WAVERLY FEED MILL WAVERLY SUSSEX 4.76 23890 MURPHY-BROWN LLC WAVERLY FEED MILL WAVERLY SUSSEX 0.92 23927 MECKLENBURG POWER STATION CLARKSVILLE MECKLENBURG 2,720.00 23927 MECKLENBURG POWER STATION CLARKSVILLE MECKLENBURG 482.00 23927 MECKLENBURG POWER STATION CLARKSVILLE MECKLENBURG 16.60 23927 MECKLENBURG POWER STATION CLARKSVILLE MECKLENBURG 0.50 23936 KYANITE MINING CORP MULLITE PLANT DILLWYN BUCKINGHAM 125.33 23936 KYANITE MINING CORP MULLITE PLANT DILLWYN BUCKINGHAM 23.40 23944 VIRGINIA MARBLE MANUFACTURERS INC KENBRIDGE LUNENBURG 52,975.00 23944 VIRGINIA MARBLE MANUFACTURERS INC KENBRIDGE LUNENBURG 46,813.00 23944 VIRGINIA MARBLE MANUFACTURERS INC KENBRIDGE LUNENBURG 9,063.00 23944 VIRGINIA MARBLE MANUFACTURERS INC KENBRIDGE LUNENBURG 7,822.00 23950 AMERICAN BUILDINGS COMPANY-LA

CROSSELA CROSSE MECKLENBURG 7.00

23950 AMERICAN BUILDINGS COMPANY-LA CROSSE

LA CROSSE MECKLENBURG 0.50

23950 AMERICAN BUILDINGS COMPANY-LA CROSSE

LA CROSSE MECKLENBURG 0.05

23964 MORGAN LUMBER CO INC RED OAK CHARLOTTE 9.30 24012 FOOT LEVELERS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 36,580.00 24012 GENERAL SHALE BRICK INC PLANT 35 & 36 ROANOKE BOTETOURT 31,480.00 24012 FOOT LEVELERS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 12,972.00 24012 GENERAL SHALE BRICK INC PLANT 35 & 36 ROANOKE BOTETOURT 10,780.00 24013 CHEMSOLV INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 741.00 24013 CHEMSOLV INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 505.00 24015 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT ROANOKE LLC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 15.00 24015 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT ROANOKE LLC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 0.07 24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 3,426.00 24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 1,438.00 24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 251.00 24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 61.00 24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 54.00

78

24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 8.00 24017 STEEL DYNAMICS INC ROANOKE BAR DIV ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 0.29 24019 DYNAX AMERICA CORP ROANOKE BOTETOURT 49,851.00 24019 DYNAX AMERICA CORP ROANOKE BOTETOURT 5,206.00 24019 DYNAX AMERICA CORP ROANOKE BOTETOURT 1,568.00 24019 ARDAGH METAL PACKAGING USA INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 1,200.00 24019 ARDAGH METAL PACKAGING USA INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 500.00 24019 BOXLEY CONCRETE PRODUCTS OF VA INC

ROANOKEPLANTROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 1.90

24054 CPFILMS INC-AXTON FACILITY AXTON HENRY 119,310.00 24054 CPFILMS INC-AXTON FACILITY AXTON HENRY 111,900.00 24060 WOLVERINE ADVANCED MATERIALS BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 50,355.24 24060 WOLVERINE ADVANCED MATERIALS BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 14,602.92 24060 WOLVERINE ADVANCED MATERIALS BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 8,101.15 24060 WOLVERINE ADVANCED MATERIALS BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 1,452.34 24083 ALTEC INDUSTRIES INC DALEVILLE BOTETOURT 95.00 24084 MAR-BAL INC DUBLIN PULASKI 1,815.00 24084 VOLVO GROUP NA LLC DUBLIN PULASKI 409.00 24084 ELECTROPLATE-RITE CORP DUBLIN PULASKI 182.00 24084 VOLVO GROUP NA LLC DUBLIN PULASKI 15.00 24084 VOLVO GROUP NA LLC DUBLIN PULASKI 8.00 24085 GALA INDUSTRIES INC EAGLE ROCK BOTETOURT 2.00 24085 GALA INDUSTRIES INC EAGLE ROCK BOTETOURT 0.00 24089 CPFILMS - PLANT II FIELDALE HENRY 367,790.00 24089 CPFILMS - PLANT II FIELDALE HENRY 104,445.00 24089 CPFILMS - PLANT II FIELDALE HENRY 8,201.00 24089 CPFILMS - PLANT II FIELDALE HENRY 1,291.00 24089 CPFILMS INC-PLANT 1 FIELDALE HENRY 1,102.00 24089 CPFILMS - PLANT II FIELDALE HENRY 403.00 24093 AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER GLEN LYN

PLANTGLEN LYN GILES 72,200.00

24093 AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER GLEN LYN PLANT

GLEN LYN GILES 8.00

24112 BASSETT PLANT 11 MARTINSVILLE HENRY 14,442.00 24112 BASSETT PLANT 11 MARTINSVILLE HENRY 13,993.00 24112 COMMONWEALTH LAMINATING & COATING

INCMARTINSVILLE HENRY 6,154.00

24112 COMMONWEALTH LAMINATING & COATING INC

MARTINSVILLE HENRY 3,427.50

24112 PINC PRODUCTS INC MARTINSVILLE HENRY 882.00 24112 COMMONWEALTH LAMINATING & COATING

INCMARTINSVILLE HENRY 540.00

24112 MEHLER ENGINEERED PRODUCTS MARTINSVILLE HENRY 427.00 24112 COMMONWEALTH LAMINATING & COATING

INCMARTINSVILLE HENRY 60.70

24112 MEHLER ENGINEERED PRODUCTS MARTINSVILLE HENRY 6.00

79

24112 VIRGINIA MIRROR CO INC MARTINSVILLE HENRY 0.71 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 160,593.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 157,081.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 73,883.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 22,410.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 3,938.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 1,650.10 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 500.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 161.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 135.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 115.00 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 36.70 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 22.40 24124 CELANESE ACETATE LLC - CELCO P LANT NARROWS GILES 0.50 24141 US ARMY RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION

PLANTRADFORD MONTGOMERY 361,147.50


RADFORD MONTGOMERY 289,799.00









24141 ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS OPERATIONS LLC (NEW RIVER ENERGETICS)









RADFORD MONTGOMERY 60.00









24150 LHOIST NA OF VIRGINIA INC KIMBALLTON AREA 1

RIPPLEMEAD GILES 63,312.00


RIPPLEMEAD GILES 10.00

80







24153 KOPPERS INC (ROANOKE) SALEM ROANOKE 5,400.00 24153 YOKOHAMA TIRE MANUFACTURING

VIRGINIA LLCSALEM ROANOKE 4,855.40

24153 TECTON PRODUCTS LLC SALEM ROANOKE 562.00 24153 NEW MILLENNIUM BUILDING SYSTEMS SALEM ROANOKE 143.00 24153 GRAHAM-WHITE MANUFACTURING CO SALEM ROANOKE 62.70 24153 KOPPERS INC (ROANOKE) SALEM ROANOKE 10.90 24153 GE DRIVES & CONTROLS SALEM SALEM (CITY) 1.50 24153 KIK (VIRGINIA) LLC SALEM ROANOKE 1.00 24153 YOKOHAMA TIRE MANUFACTURING

VIRGINIA LLCSALEM ROANOKE 0.94

24153 MEDECO SECURITY LOCKS INC SALEM ROANOKE 0.93 24153 YOKOHAMA TIRE MANUFACTURING


24153 NEW MILLENNIUM BUILDING SYSTEMS SALEM ROANOKE 0.45 24153 YOKOHAMA TIRE MANUFACTURING


24153 CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST LLC-SALEM #1 PLANT

SALEM ROANOKE 0.07

24153 MEDECO SECURITY LOCKS INC SALEM ROANOKE 0.04 24153 MEDECO SECURITY LOCKS INC SALEM ROANOKE 0.01 24153 NEW MILLENNIUM BUILDING SYSTEMS SALEM ROANOKE 0.01 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 84,259.00 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 29,712.00 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 13,939.00 24175 VIRGINIA TRANSFORMER CORP TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 6,491.00 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 453.00 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 46.30 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 40.80 24175 ROANOKE CEMENT CO LLC TROUTVILLE BOTETOURT 0.37 24179 SAFETY-KLEEN SYSTEMS VINTON (ROA) VINTON ROANOKE 3.00 24201 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT BRISTOL LLC BRISTOL BRISTOL (CITY) 12.00 24201 ASSOCIATED ASPHALT BRISTOL LLC BRISTOL BRISTOL (CITY) 0.06 24202 AZZ GALVANIZING-BRISTOL BRISTOL WASHINGTON 1,203.83 24202 AZZ GALVANIZING-BRISTOL BRISTOL WASHINGTON 6.44 24202 HIRSCHFELD INDUSTRIES BRIDGE LLC BRISTOL WASHINGTON 1.80 24210 HAPCO ABINGDON WASHINGTON 21,785.00 24210 HAPCO ABINGDON WASHINGTON 10,405.00 24210 STRONGWELL CORP HIGHLANDS DIV ABINGDON WASHINGTON 250.00 24210 STRONGWELL CORP HIGHLANDS DIV ABINGDON WASHINGTON 250.00

81

24210 STEEL FAB A DIV OF SAMUEL PRESSURE VESSEL GROUP (PLANT #1)

ABINGDON WASHINGTON 24.22

24210 AGC FLAT GLASS NA ABINGDON PLANT ABINGDON WASHINGTON 10.00 24225 AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CLINCH RIVER

PLANTCLEVELAND RUSSELL 582,000.00

24225 AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CLINCH RIVER PLANT

CLEVELAND RUSSELL 42,300.00


CLEVELAND RUSSELL 38,000.00


CLEVELAND RUSSELL 273.00











24236 COLUMBUS MCKINNON CORP DAMASCUS WASHINGTON 0.05 24244 TEMPUR PRODUCTION USA INC DUFFIELD SCOTT 10.00 24244 TEMPUR PRODUCTION USA INC DUFFIELD SCOTT 10.00 24266 STEEL FAB A DIV OF SAMUEL PRESSURE

VESSEL GROUPLEBANON RUSSELL 26.21

24277 US PENITENTIARY LEE PENNINGTON GAP LEE 0.53 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 41,700.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 16,500.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 4,220.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 1,590.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 1,040.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 256.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 103.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 55.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 43.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 40.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 30.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 18.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 16.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 1.14 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 1.00 24283 VIRGINIA CITY HYBRID ENERGY CENTER SAINT PAUL WISE 0.02 24311 UTILITY TRAILER MANUFACTURING CO ATKINS SMYTH 3.90 24333 VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE CO GALAX GALAX CARROLL 65,765.06 24333 VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE CO GALAX GALAX CARROLL 18,503.98 24333 CONSOLIDATED GLASS & MIRROR GALAX GALAX (CITY) 12,904.00

82

24333 VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE CO GALAX GALAX CARROLL 12,525.23 24333 VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE CO GALAX GALAX CARROLL 11,656.01 24333 VAUGHAN-BASSETT FURNITURE CO GALAX GALAX CARROLL 2.04 24340 APPALACHIAN PLASTICS INC GLADE SPRING WASHINGTON 35,779.00 24340 APPALACHIAN PLASTICS INC GLADE SPRING WASHINGTON 3,192.00 24343 CWW COVEYOR SYSTEMS INC HILLSVILLE CARROLL 12.00 24354 SUPERFLO INC MARION SMYTH 250.00 24354 ROYAL MOULDINGS LTD; MARION VIRGINIA MARION SMYTH 78.00 24370 TITAN WHEEL CORP OF VIRGINIA SALTVILLE SMYTH 478.00 24370 TITAN WHEEL CORP OF VIRGINIA SALTVILLE SMYTH 147.00 24382 HUTCHINSON SEALING SYSTEMS INC WYTHEVILLE WYTHE 1,176.00 24401 TAYLOR & BOODY INC STAUNTON AUGUSTA 0.40 24416 MODINE MANUFACTURING CO BUENA VISTA ROCKBRIDGE 12.35 24416 EVERBRITE LLC BUENA VISTA BUENA VISTA (CITY) 4.86 24416 EVERBRITE LLC BUENA VISTA BUENA VISTA (CITY) 1.51 24416 EVERBRITE LLC BUENA VISTA BUENA VISTA (CITY) 0.75 24439 STELLA JONES CORP-GOSHEN FACILITY GOSHEN ROCKBRIDGE 7,094.00 24439 STELLA JONES CORP-GOSHEN FACILITY GOSHEN ROCKBRIDGE 31.20 24439 STELLA JONES CORP-GOSHEN FACILITY GOSHEN ROCKBRIDGE 0.90 24477 REXNORD INDUSTRIES LLC STUARTS DRAFT AUGUSTA 5,758.00 24482 BALL ADVANCED ALUMINUM

TECHNOLOGIES CORPVERONA AUGUSTA 13,000.00

24482 SCHICK MANUFACTURING INC VERONA AUGUSTA 599.00 24482 DAIKIN APPLIED VERONA AUGUSTA 18.40 24482 SHAMROCK FOODS DAIRY DIV VERONA

VIRGINIAVERONA AUGUSTA 5.00

24482 BALL ADVANCED ALUMINUM TECHNOLOGIES CORP

VERONA AUGUSTA 3.30

24482 DAIKIN APPLIED VERONA AUGUSTA 1.20 24486 DEGESCH AMERICA INC WEYERS CAVE AUGUSTA 763.00 24486 DEGESCH AMERICA INC WEYERS CAVE AUGUSTA 288.00 24486 FLINT GROUP NA CORP WEYERS CAVE AUGUSTA 10.00 24501 R R DONNELLEY PRINTING CO LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 252,528.00 24501 SLOCUM ADHESIVES CORP LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 14,442.00 24501 SLOCUM ADHESIVES CORP LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 5,032.00 24501 SLOCUM ADHESIVES CORP LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 4,760.00 24501 SLOCUM ADHESIVES CORP LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 1,054.00 24501 PARKER HANNIFIN INTEGRATED SEALS DIV LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 774.00 24502 NORCRAFT COS LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 43,857.00 24502 NORCRAFT COS LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 26,658.00 24502 DAVIS-FROST INC LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 1,916.00 24502 DAVIS-FROST INC LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 666.00 24502 C R HUDGINS PLATING INC LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 660.22 24502 DAVIS-FROST INC LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 634.00 24502 NORCRAFT COS LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 327.00

83

24504 GRIFFIN PIPE PRODUCTS CO LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 16,778.00 24504 BABCOCK & WILCOX NUCLEAR

OPERATIONS GROUPLYNCHBURG CAMPBELL 2,892.80

24504 GRIFFIN PIPE PRODUCTS CO LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 1,019.80 24504 GRIFFIN PIPE PRODUCTS CO LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 956.60 24504 BABCOCK & WILCOX NUCLEAR

OPERATIONS GROUPLYNCHBURG CAMPBELL 180.00

24504 BABCOCK & WILCOX NUCLEAR OPERATIONS GROUP

LYNCHBURG CAMPBELL 158.78





24504 TRI TECH LABORATORIES INC LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 16.00 24504 GRIFFIN PIPE PRODUCTS CO LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 0.34 24504 ROCK-TENN CO LYNCHBURG LYNCHBURG (CITY) 0.27 24504 BABCOCK & WILCOX NUCLEAR

OPERATIONS GROUPLYNCHBURG CAMPBELL 0.02

24521 GREIF PACKAGING LLC AMHERST AMHERST 263,525.00 24521 GREIF PACKAGING LLC AMHERST AMHERST 38,747.00 24521 GREIF PACKAGING LLC AMHERST AMHERST 6.00 24521 GREIF PACKAGING LLC AMHERST AMHERST 0.51 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 283,100.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 54,600.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 15,000.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 9,600.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 300.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 280.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 60.00 24526 GEORGIA-PACIFIC BIG ISLAND MILL BIG ISLAND BEDFORD 0.21 24531 COLUMBIA FOREST PRODUCTS CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 16,028.00 24531 CCP COMPOSITES US LLC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 9,150.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 3,550.00 24531 CCP COMPOSITES US LLC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 2,200.08 24531 CCP COMPOSITES US LLC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 1,850.00 24531 CCP COMPOSITES US LLC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 1,200.00 24531 CCP COMPOSITES US LLC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 1,000.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 1,000.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 500.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 500.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 500.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 255.00 24531 ARKEMA INC CHATHAM PITTSYLVANIA 10.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 343,000.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 44,600.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 20,300.00

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24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 10,100.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 747.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 400.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 388.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 244.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 120.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 19.10 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 19.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 10.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 2.00 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 0.42 24534 CLOVER POWER STATION CLOVER HALIFAX 0.20 24540 INTERTAPE POLYMER CORP DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 75,680.00 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 27,255.00 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 4,085.60 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 3,807.10 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 1,719.10 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 1,398.70 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 1,066.30 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 531.10 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 137.60 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 112.50 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 89.50 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 53.00 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 33.50 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 24.60 24540 DANCHEM TECHNOLOGIES INC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 0.70 24541 JTI LEAF SERVICES (US) LLC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 53,900.00 24541 JTI LEAF SERVICES (US) LLC DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 5,089.00 24541 THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO DANVILLE DANVILLE (CITY) 309.00 24541 BLUE RIDGE FIBERBOARD DANVILLE PITTSYLVANIA 14.00 24541 THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO DANVILLE DANVILLE (CITY) 4.92 24541 THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO DANVILLE DANVILLE (CITY) 3.07 24541 THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO DANVILLE DANVILLE (CITY) 3.00 24554 GEORGIA-PACIFIC WOOD PRODUCTS LLC -

BROOKNEAL OSBGLADYS CAMPBELL 67,000.00

24554 GEORGIA-PACIFIC WOOD PRODUCTS LLC - BROOKNEAL OSB

GLADYS CAMPBELL 54,000.00






GLADYS CAMPBELL 68.00



85



24574 LYNCHBURG STEEL CO LLC MONROE AMHERST 0.02 24586 ELKAY WOOD PRODUCTS CO RINGGOLD PITTSYLVANIA 30,619.00 24586 ELKAY WOOD PRODUCTS CO RINGGOLD PITTSYLVANIA 10,225.00 24586 OWENS-BROCKWAY GLASS CONTAINER INC

PLANT 29RINGGOLD PITTSYLVANIA 243.24

24592 AQUATIC CO SOUTH BOSTON HALIFAX 91,200.00 24592 BOHLER UDDEHOLM CORP SOUTH BOSTON HALIFAX 10.00 24592 ABB INC SOUTH BOSTON HALIFAX 3.02 24592 ABB INC SOUTH BOSTON HALIFAX 0.01 24592 ABB INC SOUTH BOSTON HALIFAX 0.01 24631 JEWELL COKE CO LP OAKWOOD BUCHANAN 1,311,698.00 24631 JEWELL COKE CO LP OAKWOOD BUCHANAN 3,589.00 24631 JEWELL COKE CO LP OAKWOOD BUCHANAN 107.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 1,040.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 613.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 435.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 300.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 181.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 75.40 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 49.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 26.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 2.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 1.00 22134 US MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO QUANTICO PRINCE WILLIAM 0.73 22407 ONDULINE NA FREDERICKSBURG FREDERICKSBURG

(CITY) 24,301.00

22407 ONDULINE NA FREDERICKSBURG FREDERICKSBURG (CITY)

24,301.00

22427 US ARMY FORT AP HILL OPERATIONS BOWLING GREEN CAROLINE 224.30 22801 CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST LLC-

HARRISONBURG PRECAST PLANTHARRISONBURG ROCKBRIDGE 0.04

22980 INVISTA SA RL-WAYNESBORO FACILITY WAYNESBORO AUGUSTA 18.00 23168 OWENS-BROCKWAY GLASS CONTAINER INC

PLANT 26TOANO JAMES CITY 63.56

23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 413,560.40 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 122,000.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 65,068.20 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 43,222.50 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 30,196.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 18,904.94 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 10,205.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 6,225.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 3,055.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 1,146.99

86

23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 397.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 233.38 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 231.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 144.51 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 10.00 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 7.81 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 3.75 23181 ROCKTENN CP LLC WEST POINT KING WILLIAM 1.18 23185 BALL METAL BEVERAGE CONTAINER CORP WILLIAMSBURG JAMES CITY 324,000.00 23185 BALL METAL BEVERAGE CONTAINER CORP WILLIAMSBURG JAMES CITY 122,000.00 23234 UPACO ADHESIVES INC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 1,500.00 23234 UPACO ADHESIVES INC RICHMOND RICHMOND (CITY) 500.00 23237 WAKO CHEMICALS USA INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 20,600.00 23237 WAKO CHEMICALS USA INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 6,250.00 23237 WAKO CHEMICALS USA INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 920.00 23237 WAKO CHEMICALS USA INC RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 290.00 23297 US DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY DEFENSE

SUPPLY CENTER RICHMONDRICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 792.00

23297 US DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY DEFENSE SUPPLY CENTER RICHMOND

RICHMOND CHESTERFIELD 545.00











23301 PERDUE FARMS ACCOMAC PROCESSING PLANT

ACCOMAC ACCOMACK 13,518.00

23323 AMERICAN GFM CORP CHESAPEAKE CHESAPEAKE (CITY) 7,988.00 23434 BASF CORP SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 4,583.00 23434 BASF CORP SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 1,614.00 23434 BASF CORP SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 515.00 23434 BASF CORP SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 64.00 23434 BASF CORP SUFFOLK SUFFOLK (CITY) 22.00 23460 US NAVY NAVAL AIR STATION OCEANA

BASEVIRGINIA BEACH VIRGINIA BEACH (CITY) 21.47

23511 US NAVY NAVAL STATION NORFOLK NORFOLK NORFOLK (CITY) 57.85 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 69,589.43 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 32,422.44 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 12,195.14 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 7,453.11 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 509.68 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 218.71

87

23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 97.45 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 82.71 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 46.53 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 1.64 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 0.08 23607 HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 0.01 23607 MICA CO OF CANADA INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 40,390.00 23607 MICA CO OF CANADA INC NEWPORT NEWS NEWPORT NEWS (CITY) 30,924.00 23709 US NAVY NORFOLK NAVAL SHIPYARD PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 28,500.00 23709 US NAVY NORFOLK NAVAL SHIPYARD PORTSMOUTH PORTSMOUTH (CITY) 21,700.00 23837 SOLENIS LLC COURTLAND SOUTHAMPTON 66,039.00 23837 SOLENIS LLC COURTLAND SOUTHAMPTON 59,556.00 24012 VIRGINIA TRANSFORMER CORP ROANOKE ROANOKE 7,151.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 8,887.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 2,465.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 2,193.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 2,105.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 2,029.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 533.00 24015 AKZO NOBEL COATINGS INC ROANOKE ROANOKE (CITY) 315.00 24060 FEDERAL-MOGUL CORP BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 10,147.00 24060 FEDERAL-MOGUL CORP BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 99.00 24060 FEDERAL-MOGUL CORP BLACKSBURG MONTGOMERY 8.00 24201 STRONGWELL CORP BRISTOL BRISTOL BRISTOL (CITY) 500.00 24201 STRONGWELL CORP BRISTOL BRISTOL BRISTOL (CITY) 250.00 24426 MEADWESTVACO OF VIRGINIA COVINGTON

OPERATIONSCOVINGTON COVINGTON (CITY)

1,800,000.00 24426 MEADWESTVACO OF VIRGINIA COVINGTON

OPERATIONSCOVINGTON COVINGTON (CITY) 500,000.00

24426 MEADWESTVACO OF VIRGINIA COVINGTON OPERATIONS

COVINGTON COVINGTON (CITY) 220,260.00

















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COVINGTON COVINGTON (CITY) 530.00

































24477 NIBCO OF VIRGINIA INC STUARTS DRAFT AUGUSTA 11,771.00 24486 CERRO FABRICATED PRODUCTS INC WEYERS CAVE AUGUSTA 1,736.00 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 29,159.90 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 14,759.44 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 10,733.96 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 6,839.70 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 4,348.37 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 83.00 24539 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC CRYSTAL HILL HALIFAX 52.00

8974

Founded by legendary conservationist John Muir in 1892, the Sierra Club is now the nation’s largest and

most influential grassroots environmental organization -- with more than two million members and supporters.

Our successes range from protecting millions of acres of wilderness to helping pass the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Endangered Species Act. More recently, we’ve made history by leading the charge to move away from the dirty fossil fuels that cause climate disruption and

toward a clean energy economy.The Virginia Chapter of the Sierra Club is over 20,000 members strong. We are your friends and neighbors working to build healthy, livable communities, and to

conserve and protect our climate and environment. For more information, visit http://www.sierraclub.org/virginia

Sierra Club Virginia Chapter422 East Franklin Street, Suite 302

Richmond, VA 23219(804) 225-9113

http://www.sierraclub.org/virginia

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