top ten #8 punctuation problems. apostrophes the 2 main uses (which is not a’s, 3’s, and $’s)...
DESCRIPTION
TITLES capitalization, quotation marks, underlining, italics ***Use quotation marks when writing song titles, poem titles, short story titles, names of tv episodes, chapters of a book, and articles (whether magazine/encyclopedia/internet). Many also include essays as well. You do this because they are part of a larger whole. ***The larger whole gets underlined if handwriting or italics if your text is computer generated. It’s never both!TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Top Ten #8Punctuation problems
![Page 2: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
APOSTROPHESThe 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule #9) To make contractions, as noted below:
Contractions: use the apostrophe in place of omitted letters or numbers
Do + not = Should + have =Class of 2015 = Going =
***Do not confuse contractions with possessive pronouns its vs. it’s your vs. you’re
their vs. they’re
![Page 3: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TITLEScapitalization, quotation marks, underlining, italics
***Use quotation marks when writing song titles, poem titles, short story titles, names of tv episodes, chapters of a book, and articles (whether magazine/encyclopedia/internet). Many also include essays as well.
You do this because they are part of a larger whole.
***The larger whole gets underlined if handwriting or italics if your text is computer generated. It’s never both!
![Page 4: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COLON***Use a colon to introduce an idea or a list… with these requirements in
your formal written work1. the colon must follow a complete sentence2. it cannot follow a verb3. it cannot come in the middle of a phrase (like such as or for example)
No:I think the best colors are: blue, red, and pink. They are the colors of: my
car, my bedroom, and my favorite shirt.Yes: Rita wants the following for her birthday: a pony, a cake, and a doll.
![Page 5: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
You’ve previously learned three ways to write the following IC’s:
Ex. Barney made BJ a birthday cake. Babybop made him a card. Barney made BJ a birthday cake, and Babybop made him a card. Barney made BJ a birthday cake; Babybop made him a card.
In #10, we suggested to use an adverbial conjunction after a semicolon as a transition that show sequence, comparison, contrast, etc.
Ex. He loves chocolate; however, he likes vanilla much more. He failed the test; therefore, he will take a 2nd chance.
But there is another way!
![Page 6: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
COLONS
***Use a colon between two independent clauses if (and only if) the second explains or summarizes the first.
Ex. Garlic is used in many recipes: it enhances the flavor of starches.
![Page 7: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SEMICOLONWhat would this sentence say literally:
I brought my tent, my birthday present, a sleeping bag, S’mores, my favorite snack, and clothes on my camping trip.
Thus, use a semicolon to separate items when one or more of the units contains a comma which would cause confusion. This rule usually pertains to lists or phrases/clauses.
I brought my tent, my birthday present; a sleeping bag; S’mores, my favorite snack; and clothes on my camping trip.
![Page 8: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
As a reader, what is your understanding of the following?
The author states, “I decided… I wasn’t going” (26).
![Page 9: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MANIPULTATING EXERPTSIf you omit a word(s) from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word(s) by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods (...) preceded and followed by a space.
For example:In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).
![Page 10: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Similarly, what’s confusing with this statement?
“Last week I forgot to bring it,” the student added.
![Page 11: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
But if you were to add words…you should put brackets [ ] around the words you’ve added to indicate they are not part of the original excerpt. You might do this to clarify an item within the excerpt.
For Example: “Last week I forgot to bring it [the homework],” the student added.
Charlie Manual said after the game, “He [Hamels] pitched his best game of the year when we needed it most.”
MANIPULATING EXCERPTS
![Page 12: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HYPHENS and DASHESOddly…
When typing, a dash is two hyphens typed without spaces before, after, or between them. However, most modern programs change the -- to— automatically. In handwritten work make sure you distinguish it from the hyphen by making it longer!
![Page 13: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DASHESDashes can be used (in informal work –MLA doesn’t like dashes) to show clarification, interruption, or change of thought –-like commas or parenthesis.
I went --by myself-- to the movies.
![Page 14: Top Ten #8 Punctuation problems. APOSTROPHES The 2 main uses (which is not A’s, 3’s, and $’s) : To make possessives/show ownership (covered in prior rule](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1b297f8b9ab059998518/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HYPHENSHyphens are generally used to join words. Some of the most common hyphen rules are as follows:
Compound adjectives when they are a single idea and come before the nounEX. A one-way street; chocolate-covered cherries; well-known artist
To spell out compound numbers between 21 and 99 and fractions Words that may have an odd combo of letters
Ex. Semi-independent; shell-like
There are many, many, many more rules, especially with compound nouns, verbs, and phrases.
The best strategy is to use a dictionary!