topic 1 - systems
DESCRIPTION
Topic 1 - Systems. IB Topics 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3. Systems. A system is an assemblage of parts and the relationships between them that constitute a whole. Examples:. System Types. Open Both matter and energy are exchanged across the boundaries of the system. System Types. Closed - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Topic 1 - SystemsIB Topics 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3
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Systems A system is an
assemblage of parts and the relationships between them that constitute a whole
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Examples:
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System Types Open
Both matter and energy are exchanged across the boundaries of the system
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System Types Closed
Energy is exchanged, but no matter is exchanged
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System Types Isolated
No matter or energy is exchanged
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System Components Systems consist of:
Storages Of matter and
energy Flows
Inputs into, outputs out of the system
Processes Transfer or
transform energy or matter
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Gaia Proposed by James
Lovelock in the 1970s
Suggests that life on Earth helps to regulate Earth’s conditions Ocean salinity Global temp Oxygen content
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Gaia Main Ideas “Earth is a self-
regulating superorganism”
“Living and non-living components work together”
“Everything on Earth is connected”
“Earth will continue after humans”
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Topic 1 - EnergyIB Topic 1.1.4
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Energy Energy exists in
multiple forms: Light Chemical Electrical Heat
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1st Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be
created or destroyed, it can only change forms
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1st Law of Thermodynamics (related to ecosystems) All the energy into a system must equal
the energy stored plus energy lost
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics Energy goes from
a concentrated form to a dispersed form
(Useable energy to non-useable energy)
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics (related to ecosystems) New energy needs
to be added to the system
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Topic 1 - EquilibriaIB Topic 1.1.5
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Equilibrium Static Equilibrium
No input or outputs of matter or energy
No change in the system over time
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Equilibrium Steady-State
Equilibrium Inputs and
outputs of matter and energy
System remains stable over time
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Stable vs Unstable Equilibrium Stable Unstable
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Topic 1 - FeedbackIB Topic 1.1.6
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Feedback Positive Feedback
A change in the system leads to increased change
The system goes away from equilibrium
Negative Feedback Changes in the
system lead to stability
The system maintains equilibrium
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Examples: Global warming causes methane release
from permafrost
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Examples: Global warming causes ice to melt and
water absorbs sunlight
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Examples: Lynx – Hare population
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Examples: Increased CO2 increases photosynthesis
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Topic 1 – Transfers and TransformationsIB Topic 1.1.7
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Transformations The change of
energy or matter to a new product
Involve a change of state
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Transfers Energy and matter
move through a system without changing state
Usually involve a change in location
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Topic 1 – Flows & StoragesIB Topic 1.1.8
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Flows Inputs and
Outputs Energy and matter
moving from one place to another
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Storages (stocks) Matter and energy
is stored in stocks or reservoirs
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Topic 1 - ModelsIB Topic 1.1.10
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Models A model can be
any representation of a real system.
Ex: Aquarium Diagram Computer Model
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Example: Make a model
with the following terms: Forest floor People Trees Animals Forest Plants Soil
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Models Advantages Disadvantages