topic 1.2 muscular system - whole ppt

Muscular System

SEHS Topic 1.2

IBSports, exercise and health science

Anatomy

Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false

Topic 1Anatomy

1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.

2. Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control.

3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.

4. Your heart is a muscle.

5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much.

6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much.

7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker.

8. You don’t need more than 30 min. of physical activity every day.

9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play through the pain

and it will go away.


Anatomy

Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false

Topic 1Anatomy

STARTER – Group Activity

Decide whether the following statements are true or false:

10. A balanced diet: a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt. b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood, beans, eggs, and nuts. c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), added sugars, and refined grains. d) All of the above


Anatomy

1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle

Topic 1Anatomy

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.


Anatomy


Topic 1Anatomy

Skeletal Muscles (striated and voluntary muscles) Attach to bones and have the main function of

contracting to move the bodyStriated-appearance of light and dark stripes


Anatomy


Topic 1Anatomy

Cardiac muscle only in the walls of the heart.

Similar to:skeletal muscle -striated

smooth muscle- involuntarily controlled

Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!


Anatomy


Topic 1Anatomy

Smooth muscle (Unstriated) Involuntary

muscle due to our inability to control its movements.

Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, esophagus, bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels.

Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!


Anatomy

REVIEW POINT1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle

Topic 1Anatomy

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth



Anatomy

ThinkingWhat do we use our muscles for?

Talk and make a list – 2 minutes

Topic 1Anatomy


Anatomy

Topic 1Anatomy

MOVEMENT• Skeletal muscles contract exerting forces on

the tendons• Tendons pull on the bones causing joint

movement


Anatomy

Topic 1Anatomy MOVE SUBSTANCES

• Cardiac muscle pumps blood

• Smooth muscle moves food in the GI tract


Anatomy

Topic 1Anatomy STABALIZE

• Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions


Anatomy

Topic 1Anatomy

GENERATE HEAT• Body wants to be

cozy• When temps drop,

the body shivers to warm back up!


Anatomy

REVIEW POINTFour functions of muscles

Topic 1Anatomy

Movement Move Substances Stabilize the body Generate heat



Anatomy

ThinkingWhat characteristics do ALL muscles have?

Talk and decide

Topic 1Anatomy


Anatomy

1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue

Topic 1Anatomy

• Excitability: ability to receive and respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse

• Contractility: ability of the muscle to contract and generate force when stimulated

• Extensibility: ability of muscle to lengthen without damage

• Elasticity: ability of muscle to return to resting length


Anatomy

1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue

Topic 1Anatomy

• Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle tissue Hypertrophy: is the increase in size of

muscle tissue. Controlled by nerve stimuli – A nerve

impulse is required for movement to occur Fed by capillaries – Muscles receive

nourishment through the blood supply.


Anatomy

REVIEWCan you write a definition for the words

below without using your notes?

Topic 1Anatomy

1.2.3Annotate the Structure of Skeletal Muscle


Anatomy

1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle

Topic 1Anatomy

Fascia is a connective tissue – three main roles

- Transmit Force - Provide Support - Protect Tissue


Anatomy

1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle

Topic 1Anatomy

1.2.4 – 1.2.5

Three Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity

Muscles only contract and relax.

Muscles only work on joints they cross.

Muscles work best in the direction of their fibers.

Tip – Muscles in front do one action – in back do the other. Origin is proximal, Insertion is distal. Larger end is often the origin

Muscle Attachment Origin- end of

muscle attached to immovable (or less moveable) bone

Insertion- end of muscle attached to moveable bone

During contraction, insertion moves toward origin

Interactions of Skeletal Muscles

Agonist/ Prime movers - are the muscles mostly responsible for the movement

Antagonists - oppose/reverse movement Synergists - work with prime movers to

stabilize the muscle Fixators - work with prime movers to

stabilize bone or origin. These are mostly found around the hip and shoulder joint.

Flexion (Bending) of the Arm

• The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist.

• The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist.

Agonist(The biceps contract)

Antagonist (The triceps relaxes)

• Other muscles support the agonist in creating movement and these are called synergist (neutralizer).

• Fixator (stabilizer) muscles that allow the agonist to work, stabilizing the origin Fixators and Stabilizers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDdiFcXkgrE

Antagonistic Muscles

• Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by fascia known as tendons.

• They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.

Ex.Biceps brachii and triceps brachii work in what is called Antagonistic Muscle Action. As one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.

Rectus Abdominis

External Obliques

Erector Spinae

UPPER BODY

Deltoid

Pectoralis Major

Biceps Brachii

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Triceps

LOWER BODY

Illiopsoas

Sartorius

Quadriceps

Tibialis Anterior

Glutes

Hamstrings

Gastrocnemius

TEST YOURSELF