Topic 3:The Industrial Revolution (Chapter 25), Age of Democracy & Progress (Chapter 26), Age of

Imperialism (Chapter 27), & Transformations Around the Globe (Chapter 28)

1900

Latin America

Farming in the Middle Ages:

Disadvantages:

Forces for change:

Graphic:

Enclosure Movement:

Crop Rotation:

Other Discoveries:

Results of the Agricultural Revolution:

Graphic:

Farming in the Middle Ages:

•Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming)

•One of three fields left fallow (empty_ to regain fertility

•Animals grazed in common pastures

Disadvantages:

•Land use was inefficient

•Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methods.

Forces for change:

•Population growing- more food is needed

•French blockade- no corn- more food is needed.

Enclosure Movement:

•Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology

•Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became poorer

Crop Rotation:

•Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops

•Fields not left inefficiently fallow.

Other Discoveries:

• Seed drill planted seeds efficiently

•New crops: Corn and potato

Results of the Agricultural Revolution:

•More food available

•Population increased

Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry:

Capitalism:

Effects of the Cottage Industry:

Graphic:

Textile Industry Invented:

Rise of the Factory:

Effects of Textile Factories in Britain:

Graphic:

Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry:

•Supplied materials- wool and cotton- to cottages to be carded and spun

•Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth

•Merchants sell product for mote than material and labor costs= profit +larger investment= higher profit.

Capitalism:

•An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit

•Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism.

Effects of the Cottage Industry:

•Big profits for new class of merchants

•Alternative source of income for peasants

Shift from Cottage Industry to Factory Work

Illustration of scavengers and piecers at work

Textile Industry Invented:

•Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles

•Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning

•Power loom sped up weaving

•Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton

Rise of the Factory:

•New machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories

•Factories located new power source: coal, iron, water

Effects of Textile Factories in Britain:

•Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand produced items

•Britain’s textile industry increased enormously

•‘Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories.

The Need for Energy:

How the Steam Engine Worked:

Effect of Steam Engine:

Graphic:

The Need for Iron:

The Need for Coal:

Effect of Iron and Coal:

Graphic:

The Need for Energy:

•Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills

•Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power

How the Steam Engine Worked:

•Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power

Effect of Steam Engine:

•Steam Power, used wherever coal existed, increased textile production

•Improved mining which increased metal which in turn fueled other industries

The Need for Iron:

• Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways

•Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon

The Need for Coal:

•Carbon necessary for smelting iron

•Steam engines powered by coal

Effect of Iron and Coal:

•Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined

•Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy.

The Need for Better Transportation:

Inventions:

Effects of Railroads:

Graphic:

Geography:

Government:

Social Factors:

Colonial Empire:

Advantages of Industrializing First::

The Need for Better Transportation:

•Increased production increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaply

•Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roads

Inventions:

• Stone and eventually asphalt roads

•Canals

•Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829

Effects of Railroads:

•Expanded rapidly throughout Britain

•Cheaper transportation increased production and profits

•Railways fueled other industries: Coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products

Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution

Geography:

•Climate good for textile production

•Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal

•Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars

Government:

•Internal trade encouraged

•Population allowed to relocate

•Helped build canals and roads

Social Factors:

•British society less rigid than other European countries

Colonial Empire:

•Supplied raw material for manufactured goods

•Provided market for goods

Advantages of Industrializing First:

•No other countries competing for manufactured goods

•Monopoly on technology

Industrialization in Great BritainIndustrialization in Great Britain

Ingredients for IndustrializationIngredients for Industrialization

Natural Natural ResourcesResources

Invention Invention “Explosion”“Explosion”

Growing Urban Growing Urban workforceworkforce

$$

Sensory Figures

What do I see?

What do I hear?

What do I feel?

What do I say?

What do I smell?

What do I touch?

Industry Develops in Great Britain

Large population increase

Expanding economy Political Stability

Factors of production

Creativity & new inventions

Highly developed banking systems

Many natural resources

Causes EffectsEnclosure Movement •New agricultural methods

•Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to cities

Crop Rotation No more exhausted farm landInventions in Textiles Took spinning & weaving out of house and into factoriesTransportation Improvements Steam engine, steamboat, road transportation, & locomotiveRailroads Increased industrial growth, boosted agricultural & fishing

industry, thousands of new jobs, & travel made easier (country to city)

Upper Class: rich entrepreneurs,

factory owners, merchants,

bankers

Upper Middle Class: Government employees, doctors, lawyers, managers

of factories

Lower Middle Class: factory overseers, skilled workers, printers

Working Class: Laborers

Industrial Changes

Positive Effects

Earn higher wages

Heat homes (could afford it)

Better food

Better clothing

Created jobs

England’s economy grew

Negative Effects

Living conditions

Working conditions

Alcoholism

Class tensions

Domestic violence inc.

Pollution

My book is called __________

The economic policy I support is

____________.

The pamphlet I co-authored is called ___________

The economic policy I support is

___________

The Wealth of Nations

Capitalism

Communist Manifesto

Socialism

Britain’s Steps Toward Democracy

Chapter 26

•Fewer than 5% of the population has the right to vote

•Politics dominated by wealthy men

•Religious restrictions on voting and holding office

•Rotten boroughs

•Removal of religious restrictions

•Trade unions legalized

•Vote extended to most male property owners

•Redistribution of seats in House of commons

•Slavery abolished in Britain and British colonies

•Vote extended to working-class men

•Free elementary education for all children

•Vote extended to include most men

•Secret ballot introduced

•Reforms in public housing & health

•Restrictions on power of the House of Lords

•Vote extended to women over 30

•Vote extended to all women

When?

Where?

Organizations?

Accomplishments?

1800s

Britain

Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)

•organized the movement

•brought attention to the cause

• success was gradual, right to vote does not come until after WWI

Anti-Semitism

• Definition: prejudice against Jews

•The Dreyfus Affair- Jewish Officer Dreyfus, France, accused of selling

military secrets to Germany- found guilty, but evidence shows he was framed

•Leads to widespread anti- Semitism in Europe- pogroms

•Rise of Zionism- movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine

An anti-Dreyfus poster: Jews are being driven out of France. The caption reads: "Long live France! Long live the Army! Down with the Jews! Death to the traitors!" The poster also

calls for a boycott of Jewish shops.

    

What?  

Where? 

When?

Accomplishments?  

19th-century Britain, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men.

Britain

19th-century (1838)

By the early 1900s: Suffrage for all men & secret ballot

 

Who?

Ideas?

When?

Accomplishments?

•Wrote book: The Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)

English Naturalist (Scientist)

•Survival of the Fittest

•Theory of Evolution

Late 19th-century

Overview of Imperialism

Make a Web of the Factors Enabling the Scramble for Africa

Military Force: Better Technology

Railways and Steam Engines:

travel inland

Need Raw Materials to Industrialize: diamonds,

gold, ivory

Racism: Social Darwinism

Cultural and Language Diversity: over 1000 languages

Ethnic and Tribal Problems and

Rivalries

1884-1885

• Laid rules for dividing Africa b/t Europeans (NO African leaders)

• Divided with NO REGARD to native culture, language, or ethnicity

• Carved Africa into pieces (only 2 left independent)

Dutch Settlers Cape Colony

Slave Trade Invade Lands

Largest tribe in S. Africa

Boer War:

• Dutch and British fight over diamonds and gold

• British win and control South Africa

Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.

Review of Ottoman Empire:•Capture Constantinople from the

Byzantines in 1451

•Convert the church Hagia Sophia into a mosque

•Suleiman the Lawgiver- expanded the empire and created a highly structured government

•Culture flourishes under Suleiman’s leadership

• Later: poor economy, weak leaders, weak nationalism

Ottoman Empire tries to reform but

fails.

Egyptian leaders cannot complete modernization.

Suez Canal

Persia falls to economic

imperialism.GEOPOLITICS

Geography Application

Motives Actions

Russia Wanted access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean

Took territories from Persia by force

Britain Wanted Afghanistan as a barrier between Russia and India

Took Afghanistan by force

Persia Wanted to raise capital to develop resources

Sold concessions to Europe

Which two bodies of water are joined by the Suez Canal?

Why was the building of this canal important?

Where is the canal?

Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe

China

Japan

&

1842Treaty of Nanjing

1850-1864

Taiping Rebellion

1899Open Door

PolicyBoxer

Rebellion

1830 1839Opium War

1900

Internal Problems External Problems

•Overpopulation

•Widespread Hunger

•Opium Addiction

•Foreign Influence

•Became Sphere of Influence to many European Powers & US

Event Date Foreign Powers

Causes of Event Effects of Event

Changes Made in China

The Opium Wars

The Taiping Rebellion

The US Open Door Policy

The Boxer Rebellion

1839 Britain

•Chinese addiction to •opium•B refuse to stop trading opium with Chinese

•C defeated•Treaty of Nanjing-Hong Kong

•Extraterritorial rights

1853BritishFrench

China’s poverty•20 mil. Chinese died•Short lived Taiping Govt.

•Inc. foreign pressure

1899 US•US fears of external forces colonizing China

•Protected US trading rights•Prevented C from •being colonized

•Inc. foreign presence

1900 US &European Nations

•Frustration w/foreigners•poverty

•Nationalism•Established Constitutional government

Reformmovements

China resists foreign influence

China falls to foreign influence

China rebels against foreign influence

1900

Japan

Japan Under Shogun RuleJapan Under Shogun Rule

After AD 1000 Japan became increasingly After AD 1000 Japan became increasingly feudalized, with various regions controlled feudalized, with various regions controlled by lords who retained by lords who retained samuraisamurai (warrior (warrior noblemen) to protect them and their noblemen) to protect them and their property. In the late 12th century, the property. In the late 12th century, the Minamoto family, led by Yoritomo, was one Minamoto family, led by Yoritomo, was one of the most powerful bands of samurai. After of the most powerful bands of samurai. After Yoritomo defeated a strong rival clan, the Yoritomo defeated a strong rival clan, the emperor of Japan gave Yoritomo the title of emperor of Japan gave Yoritomo the title of shogunshogun (military commander in chief). The (military commander in chief). The military form of government in Japan, known military form of government in Japan, known as the shogunate, survived through several as the shogunate, survived through several dynasties until its demise in 1867. dynasties until its demise in 1867.

Japanese Samurai in Armor

A distinct social class, the samurai served powerful chiefs called shoguns, who ruled Japan from the 12th century until 1867. The samurai lived by a rigid code of conduct called Bushido, or “the way of the warrior,” which encompassed ideals of loyalty and sacrifice.

Japanese Feudal Society Emperor-

No Power

Daimyo- Landowners

Samurai- defenders

Peasants, Artisans, Merchants

Shogun- Actual Ruler

•Portuguese arrive in Japan (1543)

•Spanish, Dutch, and English traders arrive

•Japan acquires knowledge of European weapons and ideas

•Christian missionaries arrive

•Japan fears presence of missionaries will bring conquest by Western powers

•Japan suspects Japanese Christians will be loyal to Church instead of nation.

•Japan expels missionaries, persecutes Japanese Christians

•Japan bars Western merchants and bans foreign travel

•Foreign trade severely limited

•Japan’s only contact with the West comes through annual visit of a few Dutch merchant ships

•Internal trade booms

•Cities Grow

•Japan is forced to reopen relations with the West (1853)

Japan Shuts

the Door

(Early 1600s)

odernization

W esternization

mperialism

apan

ndustrialization

Meiji EraMeiji Era

Studied Western

ways

Modernized military

Increased coal production

Strong centralized government

Universal public

education

Industrialized

RR (1872)

Modernization Imperialism

Claimed feudal lands for government

Studied Western ways

Industrialized

Abolished extraterritorial rightsForced Korean ports to openFought Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars

Annexed Korea

China JapanBoth•Remains committed to traditional values

•Loses numerous territorial conflicts

•Grants other nations spheres of influence within China

•Finally accepts necessity for reform

•Have well-established traditional values

•Initially resist change

•Oppose Western imperialism

•Considers modernization to be necessary

•Borrows and adapts Western ways

•Strengthens its economic and military power

•Becomes an empire builder

Meiji Changes1. Military

Forces:

From To

2. Military Technology:

From To

3. Ruler (s): From To

4. Political System:

From To

samurai•Imperial Japanese Army

•Well-trained

•Well-armed

•Strongest military power in Asia

Primitive Modernized (modeled German Army & British navy)

Tokugawa Shogun Mutsuhito (Emperor)

Military dictatorship Emperor (Centralized Government)

5. People’s Participation in Gov’t.:

From To

6. Economy: From To

7. Industry: From To

Meiji Changes

None Constitution (Representation)

Isolated Modern World Market (Industrial)

Tea processing & Silk production

Industrial (RR’s, factories, ship building, etc.)

8. Education: From To

9. Gender Roles:

From To

10. Land Ownership:

From To

11. Cultural Pursuits:

From To

Meiji Changes

No standardsUniversal Public Education

Tough restrictions (Women escorted when travel)

Women: Some rts. But segregates facilities

Feudal Nobility controlled (wealth)

Isolationism Discover Western ways

• Learned from the West, Sent people to study in the West

•Invited Western experts to aid in development

•Had strong central governments

•Had well-organized bureaucracies

•Adopted Western business and banking methods

• Built railroads

•Improved ports

•Developed industry- factories became organized into monopolies

•Introduced social reform

• Resisted Western influence

•Western experts came in to represent Western companies

•Had weak governments

•Faced power struggles within governments

•Western investors controlled economies

•Westerners built and owned railroads

•Westerners developed and controlled ports

•Economies depended on one crop or resource

•Retained old social systems

Latin America

Latin America After Independence:

•Majority of Latin American nations remained poor

•Latin Americans often worked for large landowners (workers went into debt)•Debt was passed on from generation to generation (generational poverty)

•Unequal distribution of wealth and land in Latin America prevented social and economic development

•Rise of military dictators (Caudillos)

•Latin Americans lacked a voice in government

Latin America & Foreign Influence•Britain & US main trading partners

•Not self-sufficient

•Borrowed money from foreign countries (unable to pay back loans)

•Foreign lenders threatened to take facilities that they funded by force (increased foreign presence)•New age of economic colonialism emerged in Latin America

The US & Latin AmericaWhy did the US have an interest in Latin America other than for money?

The security of the US depended on the security of Latin America.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Document created by President James Monroe in 1823 that stated that, “the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”

How was the Panama Canal built & what was America’s role in its creation?

The US encouraged and supported Panama to fight for independence from Columbia. As a result the US was given the rights to connect the Pacific & Atlantic Oceans by way of the Panama Canal. It opened in 1914.

The Roosevelt Corollary

•Created in 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary to protect the economic interests of the US in Latin America.

•It stated that the Corollary gave the US the right to be an, “international police power in the Western Hemisphere.”

   

“Walk quietly & carry a big stick…”

President Theodore Roosevelt

Mexican Revolution

Flag_of_Mexico.svg (SVG file, nominally 1400 × 800 pixels, file size: 524 KB)

Leader Major Accomplishment

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Benito Juarez

Porfirio Diaz

Francisco Madero

Emiliano Zapata

Pancho Villa

Venustiano Carranza

1833 Mexican President

Started Liberal reform movement

RR’s, banks, currency stabilized, & foreign investments

Ousted Diaz/Called for democracy

“Land & Liberty”

Robin hood policy

Adopted present day constitution & ended civil war

China Japan Latin America

Form of Imperialism Encountered

Sphere of influence

Concessions to Imperialist Powers

Internal Problems

Modernizing Effort

Impact of Imperialism

Sphere of influence

Economic Imperialism

•Overpopulation

•Widespread hunger

•Opium Addiction

•feudal lands for govt.

•Studied western ways

•Industrialized

•Meiji Restoration

•Industrialized

•Adopted Western ways

•Hong Kong

Sent citizens abroad to study Western govts.

Creation of constitutional government

•Need for resources

•Lack of technology

•End of isolationism

•Panama Canal

•Lack of industrialization•People in debt•Poverty

Panama Canal

US dominant force in Latin America