Topic 3.2 – Hardware Requirements

3.2.1 Devices

3.2.1.1 Identify the devices needed in computer network communication :

NETWORK INTERFACE CARDWIRELESS NETWORK INTERFACE

CARDMODEM (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL)HUB/SWITCH ROUTERWIRELESS ACCESS POINT

3.2.1 Devices

3.2.1.2 State the functions of the following:

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) A NETWORK CARD, SOMETIMES PRONOUNCED AS NICK,

IS AN ADAPTER CARD OR PC CARD THAT ENABLES THE COMPUTER TO ACCESS THE NETWORK.

KAD RANGKAIAN YANG KADANGKALA DISEBUT SEBAGAI NICK ADALAH KAD ADAPTER ATAU PC KAD YANG MEMBOLEHKAN KOMPUTER MENCAPAI INTERNET DALAM RANGKAIAN

3.2.1 Devices

3.2.1.2 State the functions of the following:WIRELESS NETWORK INTERFACE CARDWIRELESS NETWORK INTERFACE CARD IS A

NETWORKCARD THAT PROVIDES WIRELESS DATA

TRANSMISSION.ADALAH KAD RANGKAIAN YANG

MEMBOLEHKANCAPAIAN INTERNET TANPA WAYAR

3.2.1 Devices3.2.1.2 State the functions of the following:MODEM (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL)THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MODEM, INTERNAL AND

EXTERNAL AN INTERNAL MODEM ONLY WORKS IN STAND-ALONE

COMPUTERS. IT IS BUILT INTO THE PC.

AN EXTERNAL MODEM IS SEPARATED FROM THE COMPUTER AND IS ALSO MOBILE.

ADA 2 JENIS MODEM IAITU DALAMAN DAN LUARANMODEM DALAMAN HANYA ADA PADA PC DESKTOP YANG

MANA TELAH SEDIA DIBUAT DALAM PC

MODEM LUARAN MERUPAKAN MODEM MUDAH ALIH

3.2.1 Devices

3.2.1.2 State the functions of the following:HUB/SWITCH HUB OR SWITCH IS A COMMON CONNECTION

POINT FOR DEVICES IN A NETWORK. HUBS ARE COMMONLY USED TO CONNECT SEGMENTS OF A LAN.

HUB ATAU SWITCH ADALAH POINT RANGKAIAN YANG BIASA BAGI PERANTI DALAM RANGKAIAN. HUB BIASA DIGUNA DALAM SET RANGKAIAN BAGI LAN.

3.2.1 Devices

3.2.1.2 State the functions of the following:ROUTERA ROUTER IS A COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE THAT

CONNECTSMULTIPLE COMPUTERS OR OTHER ROUTERS TOGETHER

ANDTRANSMITS DATA TO THE CORRECT DESTINATION. MERUPAKAN PERANTI TELEKOMUNIKASI YANG

MENGHUBUNGKANPC DALAM JUMLAH BANYAK ATAU ANTARA ROUTERS

BERSAMADAN MENGHANTAR DATA KE DESTINASI YANG BETUL

3.2.1 Devices

3.2.1.2 State the functions of the following:

WIRELESS ACCESS POINTA WIRELESS ACCESS POINT IS A CENTRAL

COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE THAT ALLOW COMPUTERS TO TRANSFER DATA. THIS DEVICE CAN HELP INFORMATION TO BE

TRANSFERRED WIRELESSLY TO OTHER WIRELESS DEVICES OR TO A WIRED NETWORK.

WIRELESS ACCESS POINT HAS HIGH QUALITY ANTENNAS FOR OPTIMAL SIGNALS.

MERUPAKAN ALAT PENERIMAAN MENGGUNAKAN SIGNAL BAGI TUJUAN PENGHANTARAN DAN PENERIMAAN DATA SECARA TANPA WAYAR.

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as Unshielded Twisted

Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable

TWISTED-PAIR CABLETHE TWISTED-PAIR CABLE IS GENERALLY A COMMON FORM OFTRANSMISSION MEDIUM. IT CONSISTS OF TWO WIRES OR

CONDUCTORSTWISTED TOGETHER, EACH WITH ITS OWN PLASTIC INSULATION. THE

TWISTEDWIRES CANCEL OUT ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE THAT CAN

CAUSECROSSTALK . THE MOST COMMON CONNECTOR USED FOR TP CABLE

IS RJ-45.

KABEL TWISTED PAIR MERUPAKAN KABEL ASAS YANG BIASA DIGUNAKAN

DALAM MEDIUM PENGHANTARAN.MENGANDUNGI 2 WAYAR ATAU KONDUKTOR

YANG DISIMPUL BERSAMA DAN STIAP SATUNYA DISALUTI PLASTIK LUARAN.

PENYAMBUNG YANG BIASA DIGUNA ADALAH RJ5

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as Unshielded Twisted

Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable

TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR CABLETHE UNSHIELDED TWISTED-PAIR OR UTP IS THE MOST COMMON TWISTED-

PAIR CABLE USEDIN COMMUNICATIONS. IT HAS FOUR PAIRS OF COLOUR-CODED TWISTED-

PAIR CABLESTHAT ARE COVERED WITH A PLASTIC OUTER JACKET.KABEL UTP MERUPAKAN KABEL YANG BIASA DIGUNAKAN DALAM

KOMUNIKASI. IA ADA4 PASANG KABEL YANG DISIMPUL.THE SHIELDED TWISTED-PAIR OR STP IS ANOTHER FORM OF TWISTED-

PAIR CABLE. ITSFOUR PAIRS OF COLOUR-CODED WIRES ARE EACH WRAPPED IN METALLIC

FOIL, ANDALL FOUR ARE THEN COLLECTIVELY WRAPPED IN A LAYER OF METALLIC

BRAID ORFOIL. FINALLY, THIS LAYER IS WRAPPED WITH A PLASTIC OUTER JACKET. KABEL STP MERUPAKAN SATU LAGI JENIS KABEL TWISTED PAIR. JUGA ADA

4 PASANGKABEL YANG DISIMPUL BERSAMA DAN KESEMUANYA DISALUT SATU

LAPISANMETALLIC FOIL. METALLIC FOIL ITU PULA DISALUT JAKET LUARAN

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable

COAXIAL CABLE THE COAXIAL CABLE, OFTEN REFERRED TO AS ‘COAX’,

CONSISTS OF A SINGLE COPPER WIRE SURROUNDED BY AT LEAST THREE LAYERS.THEY ARE AN INSULATING MATERIAL, A WOVEN OR BRAIDED METAL AND A PLASTIC OUTER COATING.

BIASA DIPANGGIL SEBAGAI COAX. MENGANDUNGI SATU WAYAR TEMBAGA DISALUT SEKURANG-KURANG 3 LAPISAN IAITU LAPISAN FABRIK BESI TENUN DAN PLASTIK LUARAN

THIS CABLE IS OFTEN USED AS CABLE TELEVISION (CATV) NETWORK WIRING BECAUSE IT CAN BE CABLED OVER LONGER DISTANCES IN COMPARISON TO THE TWISTED-PAIR CABLE.

BIASANYA ADALAH KABEL TELEVISYEN SEBAB KETAHANAN DAN BOLEH DIGUNA UNTUK JARAK YANG JAUH.

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as Unshielded Twisted Pair

(UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable COAXIAL CABLECONNECTORS FOR THE COAXIAL CABLE THE CONNECTOR MOST COMMONLY USED IN CONNECTING A COAXIAL

CABLE TO A DEVICE IS THE BNC CONNECTOR. BNC IS SHORT FOR BRITISH NAVAL CONNECTOR OR BAYONET-NEILL-CONCELMAN.

PENGHUBUNG YANG BIASA DIGUNAKAN UNTUK COAXIAL KABEL KEPADA PERANTI ADALAH PENYAMBUNG BNC (BRITISH NAVAL CONNECTOR)

THERE ARE THREE POPULAR BNC CONNECTORS. THEY ARE: - BNC CONNECTOR: USED TO CONNECT DEVICES SUCH AS THE TV SET- BNC T CONNECTOR: USED IN ETHERNET NETWORKS- BNC TERMINATOR: CONNECTED AT THE END OF A CABLE TO PREVENT

THE REFLECTION OF SIGNALS ADA 3 JENIS PENYAMBUNG BNC YANG POPULAR. IANYA ADALAH…

- PENYAMBUNG BNC – UNTUK TV- PENYAMBUNG BNC T – RANGKAIAN ETHERNET- PENYAMBUNG BNC TERMINATOR – DISAMBUNG PADA HUJUNG KABEL

UNTUK MENGELAKKAN REFLEKSI DARIPADA SIGNAL..

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as Unshielded Twisted

Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE THE FIBRE OPTIC CABLE IS A NETWORKING MEDIUM THAT

USES LIGHT FOR DATA TRANSMISSION. THE INTENSITY OF LIGHT IS INCREASED AND DECREASED TO

REPRESENT BINARY ONE AND ZERO. ITS CORE CONSISTS OF DOZENS OR HUNDREDS OF THIN

STRANDS OF GLASS OR PLASTIC WHICH USES LIGHT TO TRANSMIT SIGNALS.

EACH STRAND, CALLED AN OPTICAL FIBRE, IS AS THIN AS A HUMAN HAIR.

ADALAH MEDIUM RANGKAIAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN CAHAYA UNTUK PENGHANTARAN DATA. KEUPAYAAN CAHAYA

UNTUK BERKURANG ATAU BERTAMBAH DITAKRIFKAN SEBAGAI 0 DAN 1 DALAM

KOD BINARI

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP),

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable FIBRE OPTIC CABLE - PARTS OF A FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSIDE A FIBRE OPTIC CABLE, EACH OPTICAL FIBRE IS CLAD WITH AN INSULATING GLASS

AND A PROTECTIVE COATING. TYPICALLY, A FIBRE OPTIC CABLE HAS FIVE PARTS. 5 BAHAGIAN KABEL FIBER OPTIK

1. THE CORE IS THE LIGHT TRANSMISSION ELEMENT. IT IS TYPICALLY MADE OF GLASS OR PLASTIC.

TERAS- ADALAH ELEMEN PENGHANTARAN CAHAYA. BIASA DIPERBUAT DARIPADA KACA ATAU PLASTIK

2. CLADDING SURROUNDS THE CORE.IT IS ALSO MADE OF GLASS OR PLASTIC BUT IS LESS DENSE THAN THE CORE. LAPISAN PELINDUNG TERAS – JUGA DIPERBUAT DARI KACA ATAU PLASTIK CUMA LEBIH PADAT DARIPADA TERAS

3. BUFFER SURROUNDS CLADDING. IT IS USUALLY MADE OF PLASTIC AND HELPS SHIELDS THE CORE AND CLADDING FROM BEING DAMAGED.LAPISAN MENGELILINGI PELINDUNG TERAS – BIASANYA DIPERBUAT DARIPADA PLASTIK DAN MEMBANTU MELINDUNGI TERAS DAN PELINDUNGNYA DRPD ROSAK

4. A STRENGTHENING MATERIAL SURROUNDS THE BUFFER TO PREVENT THE FIBRE CABLE FROM BEING STRETCHED WHEN INSTALLERS PULL IT. BAHAN TAHAN LASAK – MENGELILINGI LAPISAN PELINDUNG TERS BAGI MENGELAKKAN KABEL DARIPADA CALAR DAN ROSAK

5. OUTER JACKET SURROUNDS THE CABLE TO PROTECT THE FIBRE AGAINST ABRASION, SOLVENTS AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS. JAKET LUARAN – BAHAGIAN LUAR YANG MEGHALANG KABEL DARIPADA ROSAK

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.1 Identify various types of cables such as Unshielded Twisted

Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Coaxial and Fibre Optic Cable

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE - CONNECTORS OF A FIBRE OPTIC CABLETHE MOST COMMONLY USED FIBRE OPTIC CONNECTORS ARE SC, ST, FC

AND MT-RJ. ADA 4 JENIS PENYAMBUNG BAGI KABEL FIBER OPTIK.1.SC - A FIBRE OPTIC CABLE CONNECTOR THAT USES A PUSH-PULL

LATCHING MECHANISM SIMILAR TO COMMON AUDIO AND VIDEO CABLES.

KABEL YANG BIASA DIGUNA UNTUK PENYAMBUNG AUDIO DAN KABEL VIDEO

2.ST - A FIBRE OPTIC CABLE CONNECTOR THAT USES A BAYONET PLUG & SOCKET.

KABEL PENYAMBUNG BAGI PLUG BAYONET DAN SOKET3.FC - A FIBRE OPTIC CABLE CONNECTOR THAT USES A THREADED

PLUG & SOCKET.KABEL PENYAMBUNG BAGI PLUG THREADED DAN SOKET

4.MT-RJ -MECHANICAL TRANSFER REGISTERED JACK (MT-RJ), A FIBRE OPTICS

CONNECTOR POPULAR FOR SMALL FORM FACTOR DEVICES DUE TO ITS

SMALL SIZE.KABEL PENYAMBUNG YANG POPULAR UNTUK PERANTI-PERANTI

KECIL. ADA TERDAPAT DALAM PC. WAYAR SATA CONTOHNYA

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.2 Identify various types of wireless transmission media

such as infrared, radio wave and microwave RADIO WAVESTHERE IS NO CLEAR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RADIO WAVES ANDMICROWAVES. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES RANGING IN

FREQUENCIESBETWEEN 3 KHZ AND 1 GHZ ARE NORMALLY CALLED RADIO

WAVES.WAVES RANGING IN FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 1 AND 300 GHZ ARENORMALLY CALLED MICROWAVES.

TIDAK BANYAK PRBEZAAN ANTARA GELOMBANG RADIO DANGELOMBANG MIKRO KECUALI DARI SEGI KEKUATAN FREKUENSI. GELOMBANG RADIO – FREKUENSI ANTARA 3 KHZ HINGGA 1

GHZ GELOMBANG MIKRO – FREKUENSI ANTARA 1 GHZ HINGGA

300 GHZ

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.2 Identify various types of wireless transmission

media such as infrared, radio wave and microwave MICROWAVESELECTRONIC WAVES WITH FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 1 GHZ

TO 300GHZ ARE NORMALLY CALLED MICROWAVES.UNLIKE RADIO WAVES, MICROWAVES ARE

UNIDIRECTIONAL, INWHICH THE SENDING AND RECEIVING ANTENNAS NEED

TO BEALIGNED. TIDAK SEPERTI GELOMBANG RADIO, GELOMBANG MIKROBERGERAK SECARA BERTABURAN. IA MEMERLUKAN

ANTENNAUNTUK MENGHANTAR DAN MENERIMA.

3.2.2 Medium3.2.2.2 Identify various types of wireless transmission media

such as infrared, radio wave and microwaveINFRARED INFRARED IS USED IN DEVICES SUCH AS THE MOUSE,

WIRELESS KEYBOARD AND PRINTERS. SOME MANUFACTURERS PROVIDE A SPECIAL PORT CALLED THE IRDA PORT THAT ALLOWS A WIRELESS KEYBOARD TO COMMUNICATE WITH A PC. INFRARED SIGNALS HAVE FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 300 GHZ TO 400 THZ. THEY ARE USED FOR SHORT-RANGE COMMUNICATION.

INFRA MERAH DIGUNAKAN OLEH PERANTI-PERANTI SEPERTI MOUSE TANPA WAYAR, PAPAN KEKUNCI TANPA WAYAR, PENCETAK TANPA WAYAR DAN SEBAGAINYA. SESETENGAH PENGELUAR MEMBEKALKAN SATU PORT KHAS DIPANGGIL IrDA YANG MEMBENARKAN PERANTI-PERANTI SEPERTI DI ATAS BERKOMUNIKASI DENGAN PC. FREKUENSINYA PULA ANTARA 300GHZ HINGGA 400GHZ.

BANYAK DIGUNAKAN BAGI JARAK-JARAK YANG SANGAT PENDEK.