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Topic 4 The Moving Crust

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Page 1: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Topic 4

The Moving Crust

Page 2: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Layers of the Earth

6-50 km

Page 3: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Continental Drift

• Scientists used to wonder why it looked like the earth’s land masses (continents) appeared like a puzzle, and was it possible they would together?

• Look at the map of the world……what do you see?

Page 4: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Alfred Wegener

• He did more research on it…..what did he find out?

• Biological evidence – fossils of the same species were found in totally separate parts of the world. (see p. 383)

• Wegener’s theory – the continents had gradually moved to their present location. He called this theory…CONTINENTAL DRIFT

Page 5: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

He found more “ROCK-solid” evidence

• Geologists had found similar rocks on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean

• Appalachian Range Britain

Page 6: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Trilobites – ancient sea creatures

• From bottom of the ocean to the top of the world, found in the Himalayas

• These ancient ocean dwellers are fossilized at the top of the mountain

range.

Page 7: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km
Page 8: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

What happened then?• The Supercontinent• PANGAEA

Page 9: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Advances in Technology

• These helped to prove Wegener’s theory • SONAR – sound wave technology helped to

map the ocean. It amazed everyone• There were mountains just like on land.• Mid-Atlantic Ridge – a mountain range from

North to South along the middle of the Atlantic ocean. (see Google Earth)

Page 10: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

Sea Floor Spreading

• Scientists could confirm that the sea floor was spreading when they gathered samples in submersibles.

• Older rock was further away from the ridge, newer rock was close to the ridge.

New Igneous Rock

Page 11: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

The Conclusion is???

• Theory of Plate Tectonics-The earth’s crust is made up of plates, like rafts, and they are always moving on the liquid Mantle.

Page 12: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km
Page 13: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

How do plates move?

• Converging Plates – plates pushing together, against each other.

• Causes mountain ranges, volcanoes• Two continental plates = mountains• Continental + oceanic plate = volcanoes

• Diverging Plates – plates moving/pulling away from each other

• Causes rift valleys on land, ocean ridges

Page 14: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km
Page 15: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km
Page 16: Topic 4 The Moving Crust. Layers of the Earth 6-50 km

What causes plate movement?

• Convection currents – Warmer magma rises in the mantle, cooler magma falls


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