Topic: All about Acids and Bases

Do Now:

Acids

IDENTIFY an AcidCovalent Formulas that start with H

(exception: H2O2 and

H2O) or end with COOH

Table K

Properties of Acids1. Sour taste

2. Electrolytes:

- ionize in water =conduct electric current

- HCl H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

- HNO3 H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

3. React with bases to form water and salt (Neutralization Reaction)

4. React with most metals to produce H2(g) and a salt1. Why not all metals? HINT: Table J

5. Acids turn litmus red

HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H22

Arrhenius Acid• Substance that contains hydrogen &

produces H+1 ions in aqueous solution

HCl(g) H+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)

HNO3 H+1(aq) + NO3-1(aq)

• An in H+ ions makes the solution Acidic

H2O

H2O

Naming Binary Acids

• Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic

HF = ?

HCl = ?

H2S = ?

Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrosulfic acid

Not all acids are created equal• Strong acids completely dissociate – HCl H+ + Cl-

– HNO3 H+ + NO3-

– HBr H+ + Br-

– HI H+ + I-

• Weak acids – HF– CH3COOH• Acetic acid• Ethanoic acid

Strong acid in water = almost no original HA leftall converted to H3O+ and A-

Weak Acid

Which would be a better electrolyte?

• HF or HI

• HCl or CH3COOH

Car Batteries

Car batteries are typically made of plates of lead and separate lead dioxide plates what are submerged into an solution of about 65% water and 35% H2SO4

WHY do you think this is?

Bases

IDENTIFY a Base Covalent Formulas

metal + OH (exception:NH3 it’s

a base too)

Table L

CH3OH is NOT a base. WHY?

Properties of Bases

1. Bitter taste2. Slippery or soapy feeling – Caustic – dissolve your skin

3. Electrolytes– NaOH Na+

(aq) + OH-(aq)

4. React with acids to produce water and salt

5. Bases turn litmus blue

Arrhenius Base

• substance that contains hydroxide group & produces OH-1 ions in aqueous solution (expect NH3 it’s a base too)

NaOH(s) Na+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)

THERE IS A LIMITATION TO THIS MODEL…

– NH3 is a base but it doesn’t contain OH-1 but it produces OH-1

:NH3 + H2O NH4+1 + OH-1

Naming Bases

• Name the metal + hydroxide

NaOH = ?

Ca(OH)2 = ?

Mg(OH)2 = ?

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Not all bases are created equal

• Strong bases 100% dissociate• Group 1 and Group 2 metals + OH are

considered Strong bases– NaOH Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

• Weak bases– NH3

REVIEW

• Acids: start with H or end with COOH– Produces H+ ions– Turn litmus red

• Bases: metal + OH– Produces OH- ions– Turn litmus blue