topic sentence
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph Organization. P. 2-3. Remember : A paragraph is usually about a single topic or idea. Topic SENTENCE. SUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT Sentence. CONCLUSION. Outlining a Paragraph. The Writing Process – P. 5. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Topic SENTENCESUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT Sentence
CONCLUSION
Remember: A paragraph is usually about a single topic or idea.
Paragraph Organization P. 2-3
With a partner, analyze “The Traditional Music of the United States” on p. 5. Select the best topic sentence and conclusion. Outline it in the margin or on a separate piece of paper.I. Jazz, country, and folk…
Three typesA. Jazz – African/European
1. Slavery2. Incorporation
B.Country - immigration1. Irish and English
immigrantsC.Folk – guitars and voices
1. 1950s and 1960s protests
II. Three types
(topic) (controlling idea)
(major support)(minor support)(minor support)
(major support)(minor support)
(major support)(minor support)
(conclusion)When planning, outline your main ideas and use key words. You can write sentences later. them later.
Outlining a ParagraphThe Writing Process – P. 5
I.
A.1.2.
B.1.
C.1.
II.
Topic SENTENCESUPPORT SentenceSUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT SentenceCONCLUSION
Intro paragraphSUPPORT
ParagraphSUPPORT
ParagraphSUPPORT
ParagraphCONCLUSIO
N
Paragraphs Essays
Paragraph vs. Essay
TS Jazz, country, and folk…MS Jazz – African/European ms Slavery ms IncorporationMS Country – immigration ms Irish and English
immigrantsMS Folk – guitars and voices m 1950s and 1960s protestsCS Three types
Introductory ParagraphHook, intro info
TS Jazz, country, folk…
Body Paragraph 1TS Jazz – African/EuropeanSS slavery, incorporation
More Details
Body Paragraph 2TS Country – Immigration
SS Irish/English immigrantsMore Details
Body Paragraph 3TS Folk – Guitars and
VoicesSS 1950s/60sMore Details
Conclusion Paragraph
Essay Organization P. 7-8
Homework: Look at your paragraph outline. Change it to represent an essay.
Writing Tip: 1 Paragraph = 1 Idea
Beginning an Essay
Choose a topic from the following:
1. Brainstorm your ideas5 minutes
2. Outline your essay5 minutes
3. Raise your hand and Anthony will check your work.
Beginning an Essay• How the internet is
changing society.• How the internet is
changing education.• The benefits of
smartphones.• The drawbacks of
smartphones.
I. Introduction ParagraphA. Three points
II. Support Paragraph IA. Main Support
1. Minor Supports
III. Support Paragraph 2A. Main Support
1. Minor Supports
IV. Support Paragraph 3A. Main Support
1. Minor Supports
V. Concluding Paragraph
TOPIC
MAIN IDEAS
DETAILS
Brainstorming / Mind Mapping
P. 18
Topic
Think about:Who? What? When? Where?
Why? How?Benefits and Drawbacks
Main
IdeaDetails
Details
Brainstorming / Mind Mapping
P. 18
Choose a topic from the following:
1. Brainstorm your ideas5 minutes
2. Outline your essay5 minutes
3. Raise your hand and Anthony will check your work.
Homework:Type your outline in the “Personal Essay” document on Google Drive
Beginning an Essay• How the internet is
changing society.• How the internet is
changing education.• The benefits of
smartphones.• The drawbacks of
smartphones.
I. Introduction ParagraphA. Three points
II. Support Paragraph IA. Main Support
1. Minor Supports
III. Support Paragraph 2A. Main Support
1. Minor Supports
IV. Support Paragraph 3A. Main Support
1. Minor Supports
V. Concluding Paragraph
Introduction Paragraphs
The goal of the intro paragraph is to capture your reader’s interest and state your topic.
Hooks-A thought provoking question-A surprising fact-An interesting statistic-A quote-A problem-A story-A definition-Historical comparison-The opposite side’s opinion
Look at pages 28-29 for hookexamples!
1. A duck’s quack doesn’t echo.
2. According to researchers, 99% of all statistics are lies.
3. In many countries without the death penalty, serial killers and rapists often enjoy long lives in prison while their victims suffer forever.
4. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be a machine?
5. Hillary Clinton once said that “There cannot be true democracy unless women's voices are heard.”
6. Every Halloween in ancient Rome, the most evil criminals were executed in public.
Intro Paragraphs P. 9
The goal of the intro paragraph is to capture your reader’s interest and state your main idea.
Hooks-A thought provoking question-A surprising fact-An interesting statistic-A quote-A problem-A story-A definition-Historical comparison-The opposite side’s opinion
Look at pages 28-29 for hookexamples!
Intro Guidelines-Starts general with a hook
start with a broad statement
-Connecting informationbegin narrowing down
topicusually gives background
information
-Ends specific with thesis statement
make it specific with a thesis statement
Intro Paragraphs P. 9
Like a topic sentence in a paragraph, an intro paragraph must have a thesis statement. The thesis states your main idea and focus.
It is the answer to the (research) question you will be asking/answering.THESIS features
States your topic and focus.
Be an overview of your points.
Not too specific.
Question: What role does the internet play in your life?
Thesis: The internet has had a significant impact on my life in terms of learning, creativity, and communication.
Question: Why do people become homeless?
Thesis: The lack of affordable housing, poor public assistance, and the breakdown of the family are three causes of homelessness.
controlling idea
predictors
Thesis Statements P. 9
Writing Tip: 3 Predictors is
Ideal
State your topic and focus. Be an overview of your points. Not too specific.
What is the topic, controlling idea, and predictors?
The pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China, and the city of Machu Picchu are all reflections of the societies that built them.
Fashion is an important part of cultural expression.
The study of literature can be divided into four sections: poetry, prose, essay, and drama.
Analyzing Thesis Statements
P. 9
Language Focus:Connectio
ns
Choppy SentencesWe write many sentences that share similar
ideas. These sentences can be combined. We can combine them to make a compound
sentence. Sometimes they aren’t combined. These are choppy sentences. And they are not
good sentences.
Choppy SentencesIdeas in sentences can be connected by
combining them to make compound sentences. Several sentences in a row without connections are called choppy sentences. A sentence that
isn’t choppy “flows”. The ideas are well connected and that makes the sentences good.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.
Idea 1
Idea 2
Idea 3
Choppy SentencesIdeas in sentences can be connected by
combining them to make compound sentences. Several sentences in a row without connections are called choppy sentences. A sentence that
isn’t choppy “flows”. The ideas are well connected and that makes the sentences good.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument, and it is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Moreover, players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Indeed, Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage, so they snore less.
And: conjunction connecting two ideas
Moreover: adverb for additional information
Indeed: emphasizing previous informationSo: conjunction to show effect
Choppy SentencesIdeas in sentences can be connected by
combining them to make compound sentences. Several sentences in a row without connections are called choppy sentences. A sentence that
isn’t choppy “flows”. The ideas are well connected and that makes the sentences good.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument, and it is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Moreover, players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Indeed, Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage, so they snore less.
The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument, considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Interestingly, doctors have found that players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. This is because didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. Since they open up their air passage, they snore less.
And , : additional information
Interestingly : adverb for additional information
This is: referring to previous ideas Doctors…: shortening the sentence
Intro Paragraph Analysis
Introduction One
1.Technique: Story hook. 2.Issue Presentation: After the hook
transition.Hook transition explains / clarifies the hook:
“She is a typical young person in the world today.
Nowadays, our life itself is globalized.”
3. Focus:/Supporting Points: globalization is good because of economics, health, and culture.
Introduction One SCORE: 2.5What does this connecting information need?1. The author needs a better transition.
“She is a typical young person in the world today. Nowadays, our life itself is globalized.”
There is no connection between these sentences.. They are choppy.
“She is a typical person in today’s globalized world. Nowadays, allour lives are globalized.”
What’s wrong with thesis?2. The thesis contains unrelated information.
“Although some people worry that it aggravates the problem of obesity all over the world, globalization is good because we can benefit from it in three ways: economics, health, and culture.”
This is not about obesity or food, so the author must remove the unrelated information.
Introduction One REVISED
“She is a typical person in today’s
globalized world. Nowadays, all our
lives are globalized. Some people
worry that this globalization leads to
obesity, loss of culture, or economic
problems. However, this is not
necessarily true. In fact, we can
actually benefit from globalization (in
three ways: economics, health, and
culture).”
Writing Tip: Repetition of
key words helps create connections.
Repetition
Previous idea
Contrast connector
Emphasis connector
Introduction two
1.Technique: Question hook, presenting an argument2.Issue Presentation: After the transition
“Although standardized testing is a controversy around the world…”
3.Focus:/Supporting Points: testing improves the quality of education by motivating students and providing effective measurements.
Introduction two SCORE: 3.5
What’s wrong with this hook?1. The question hook is cliché (스테레오판 )
“Have you ever taken standardized tests?
What’s missing between the connecting idea and the thesis statement?2. The thesis needs a stronger transition word.
“…local governments will continue to use standardized tests…
Standardized tests improve quality of education in two ways…”
Introduction two REVISED
“…local governments will continue to use
standardized tests… This is because standardized
tests improve quality of education in two ways…”
Connects to previous idea
Introduction THREE
1.Technique: Presenting examples, then presenting a problem, then a quote
2.Issue Presentation: In the quote (topic) then the thesis statement (focus)
3.Focus:/Supporting Points: how globalization has influenced marriage recently.
Introduction THREE SCORE: 1.5
What’s wrong with the introduction paragraph?1. The hook is unrelated to the
focus of the paper.
“It is wonderful for people all over the world to communicate with each other through the internet, or to enjoy foods from the opposite side of the globe. … While many people debate the issue, globalization has influenced women’s expectations of marriage recently.”
Neither women nor marriage were mentioned in the connecting information.
Introduction THREE REVISION
In the article, “Globalization: Good or Bad?” Keith Porter (2004). … Many people debate the issue of globalization. It is responsible for both cross-cultural communication and cross-cultural tension. One specific area globalization has affected is marriage. Due to globalization, exposure to differing cultural notions of love, the presence of interethnic couples, and an improvement in women’s rights have caused serious changes to women’s expectations of marriage.
Hook / introducing the topic
Introducing the issue
Introducing the focus
Thes
is st
atem
ent
Connecting
Information
Connecting InformationBetween your hook and thesis statement you need some connecting information.Your hook should be general. Your thesis statement should be specific.The connecting information helps narrow down your writing.Hook
Thesis Statement
Introduction Paragraph
Connecting ideas usually
give background info
Introduce the problem being analyzed
Introduce your subject and / or controlling idea
Use connectors (see the appendix)
Body Paragraphs
Body paragraphs are similar to regular paragraphs: they are about a single idea and they provide support (details, examples, facts, etc.)
The body paragraph is about one point of the thesis.
It has major supports – something that helps the paragraph’s main idea and the thesis.
There are also minor supports – something that helps the major support. These are usually details, facts, evidence, etc.
“body”
THESIS (~3 ideas) SUPPORT PARAGRAPH (1 idea) MAJOR SUPPORTS MINOR SUPPORTS
Body Paragraphs P. 4/ 11
A single paragraph has a topic sentence and conclusion. But a body paragraph in an essay often replaces these with a bridge.
A first sentence bridge connects to the previous paragraph.
A final sentence bridge connects to the next paragraph.
Bridges are made by using repetition of keywords, repetition of ideas, or the use of connectors.
A body paragrap
h can have 0, 1,
or 2 bridges.
Bridges P. 12
Final sentence bridge connects to next paragraph.
First sentence bridge connects to previous paragraph.
Bridges are used to make writing flow. Words like “First”, “Second”, “Next” make writing less smooth. Good writing means sentences and paragraphs are well connected.
To write a bridge, use an idea, keyword, and/or a connector to connect paragraphs.
1. Look at the bridges on page 12.
2. How are the bridges made?3. Work with a partner to
label the idea, keyword orconnector.
Bridges P. 12
Bridge Examples P. 13
In 1980 ... Vincent van Gogh has remained a popular artist because of the
vibrancy of his color in his paintings, the boldness of his brushstrokes, and
the tragedy of his life story.
Van Gogh is well known for using vivid colors. He liked
to use bright colors that overemphasized the colors in the real world ...
Van Gogh was emphasizing the amazing clarity of a starry night. Bright colors are just one of the reasons Van Gogh has left an enduring mark on the art world.
Another reason for van Gogh’s enduring popularity is the
boldness of his brushstrokes. … By looking at his paintings, you realize the
strength he had as a painter.
Unfortunately, he never realized this strength. During
his life, Van Gogh painted thousands of paintings, but he wasn’t successful
at making a living at it. …
1
2
3
4
A conclusionHas a transition word or sentence,
-don’t use in conclusion, in sum, in the end,, in the endMakes a final analysis / summary of points
-show how they all are related by synthesizing (종합하다 ) ideasLeaves a final comment
-prediction, opinion, suggestion, solutionLeaves a lasting impression / makes the reader think
-should affect the reader in some way, shorter is betterDoesn’t add any new ideas
In conclusion, Van Gogh is beloved as a painter after so many years because the colors and brushstrokes that characterize his paintings urge the viewer to look more closely and see the brilliance of his work. Unhappily, he is also remembered because of the sadness in his life. The greatest sadness, of course, is that he never knew what an enduring body of work he left behind.
Conclusions P. 14
Language FocusPresent Participle Adjectives vs. Past Participle Adjectives
Ing is bored because Ed is boring.Doing the actionIng received the action
to bore
boring(action)
bored(feeling)
Ing is bored because Ed is boring.
Ing and Ed are taking an ___1____ class, but Ed is not doing well
because he is an __2___ student. Ed always interrupts the class.
Doing the actionIng received the action
1. interest 2. annoy