topiciii_data_resourse_systems.pdf

7/29/2019 TopicIII_Data_Resourse_Systems.pdf

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Topic 3 DATA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

MIS 601 : MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SYSTEMS


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CONTENTS :

Data Resource ManagementTypes of Databases

Concept of a DBMS

Database Objects

DDLC


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Types of Databases

1. Operational Databases2. Distributed Databases

3. Multimedia databases4. Data warehousing

z Data mining

z OLAP


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Data Resource Management

It is a Managerial activity that appliesInformation Systems technologies like:-

Database management

Data Warehousing

Other Data Management tools

to the task of managing the organizationsdata resources to meet the information

needs of their business stakeholders


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Database

A database is an integrated collection oflogically related data elements.

The data stored in a database areindependent of the application programs

using them & of the type of storagedevices on which they are stored.


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Operational Databases

These databases store detailed dataneeded to support business processes &operations of a company.

Other names for this are :- Subject Area Databases (SADB)

Transaction Databases

Production Databases

Examples:- HR Database

Customer Database etc


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Operational Databases

Employee Record 1 Employee Record 2

EmployeeCode

EmployeeName

Salary EmployeeCode

EmployeeName

Salary

1001 James $3500 1002 Martha $2750

HR Database

PayrollBenefits


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Multimedia databasesMultimedia databases. Multimedia databases

can be defined as the database systems that canstore, manipulate and query informationpresented in more than one format such as text,

audio, video, graphics, and images. Themultimedia databases are of prominence in theworld of computers today and more so for the

flexibility and convenience they offer inrepresenting various forms of objects that wecome across in our everyday lives


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Multimedia databasesThishasnecessitatedutilizationofdifferentformsforsoring

multimediaand

they

include:

ImageData:Imagesareverycommonlyfoundinmultimediadatabasesandtheirapplicationscoversimplefigures,icons,medical

imageslikeXraysetc.

VideoFiles:Thesehavebecomeveryimportantwiththeadventoftechnologieslikedistributionofvideoetc.Itisnowmoreconvenient

thanevertostoreahomevideoonapersonalcomputer.

Audiofiles:Thesefilesarebeingusedextensivelytostoreaswellasdistribute

music

and

are

even

eing shared

over

the

internet!

DocumentData:Thesearethetraditionaltextfileswhereinformationisstoredintheformoftext.Thesefilesarestill inuseand

havechangedintermsofthecapabilityofstoragesize.


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A sample application that represents a Police application is

presented below:


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Distributed database system

A distributed database system consists ofloosely coupled sites that share nophysical component

Database systems that run on each siteare independent of each other

Transactions may access data at one ormore sites


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Distributed DatabasesMany Organizations replicate and distribute copies of parts

of databases to network servers at a variety of sites.

These Distributed databases can reside on network serverson the WWW on corporate intranets or extranets etc.

Distributed

Databases

Partitioned

Databases

Duplicate

Databases


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Distributed Databases


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Distributed Databases


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Fragmentation

Horizontal fragmentation: each tuple of

risassigned to one or more fragments

Vertical fragmentation: the schema for relation

ris split into several smaller schemas Example : relation account with following

schema

Account-schema = (branch-name, account-number, balance)

Horizontal Fragmentation of account Relation


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Horizontal Fragmentation ofaccount Relation

branch-name account-number balance

HillsideHillside

Hillside

A-305A-226

A-155

500336

62

account1=branch-name=Hillside(account)

branch-name account-number balance

Valleyview

ValleyviewValleyviewValleyview

A-177

A-402A-408A-639

205

100001123750

account2=branch-name=Valleyview(account)

-


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branch-name customer-name tuple-id

HillsideHillsideValleyviewValleyviewHillsideValleyviewValleyview

LowmanCampCampKahnKahnKahnGreen

deposit1=branch-name, customer-name, tuple-id(employee-info)

1234567

account number balance tuple-id

50033620510000621123750

12

34567

A-305A-226

A-177A-402A-155A-408A-639

deposit2=account-number, balance, tuple-id(employee-info)


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Advantages of Fragmentation Horizontal:

allows parallel processing on fragments of a relation

allows a relation to be split so that tuples are located wherethey are most frequently accessed

Vertical:

allows tuples to be split so that each part of the tuple is storedwhere it is most frequently accessed

tuple-id attribute allows efficient joining of vertical fragments

allows parallel processing on a relation Vertical and horizontal fragmentation can be mixed.

Fragments may be successively fragmented to an arbitrarydepth.


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Data warehousing

A data warehouse stores data that havebeen extracted from the variousoperational, external & other databases of

an organization.It is a central source of data that has been cleaned,transformed & catalogued so that they can be used bymanagers & other business professionals for datamining, online analytical processing & other forms of

business analysis, market research & decision support.


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Data warehousing


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Case Study :Shell Exploration & Production

Various units worldwide each having their own IT resources

(collecting & processing local data)

The fuel company wanted to combine data from its ERPFinancial applications with data from its various systems to

process information on how much GAS& OILthecompany finds & collects?

Steve Much (Data warehouse team leader SHELL Scotland)faced major problems as each system had their set ofcodes.

The option of going back cleansing & integrating data inhost system wasn't an option which was feasible ???


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Case Study :Shell Exploration & Production

Steve Mutch found a tool from KALIDOLTD (London) that analysed & mappeddata from various systems & then

combined it into one data warehouse. After 7 months of Data analysis and

mapping work data from 27 data sourcesnow came together in one 450 GBWarehouse.


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Case Study :

Shell Exploration & Production

Benefits No single Business Unit lost control of its data. Hence all Business Heads contribute to a greater understanding

of information for the company as a whole.

After this success Mutch faced pressure fromTOP Executives tointegrate data from other applications also.

Hence theTRUE POTENTIAL of a Data warehouse is realized

at SHELL


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Database ManagementSystems A Database Management System(DBMS) is a collection

of interrelated data (database) and a set of programs toaccess those data.

A Database Management System(DBMS) is a software

that:-

Defines a database

Stores the data

Supports a Query Language

Produces Reports

Creates data entry screens


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Components of

Database Management Systems

Databases/ Files

Database EngineData Dictionary

Query Processor

ReportWriter

FormsGenerrator


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Components of


Database Engine

Data Dictionary

Query Processor Report Writer


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Components of


Form Generator

Application Generator

Security


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CASE : Experian Automotive Experian Inc a unit of a LONDON based company. It

runs one of the largest credit reporting agencies in the

US. Experian wanted to go beyond credit checks for

automotive loans.

Experian wanted to collect vehicle data from variousMotor vehicle departments in the US, & blend it withother data such as Change of Addressrecords &then it could sell the enhanced data.

To offer these services, Experian first needed a way toextract, transfer and load data from 50 differentUSState Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) systems

into a single database.


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CASE : Experian Automotive This was difficult as per Ken Kauppila, VP(IT) at Experian

Automotive (California) As Each DMV had their own format for

entering data Kaupilla decided to use ETL( Extracting, Transforming & Loading)

tools to combine very large data repositories.

Using ETL EXTRACTby Evolutionary Technologies, Experian

created database that can incorporate vehicle information within48hrs of its entry into any States DMV computer.

Experian automotive database is the 10th largestautomobiledatabase in the world (16 billion rows of data)

The entire relational database is managed by just 3

IT professionals


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Database Concepts

Th Th T f A i ti ClTh Th T f A i ti Cl


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The Three Types of Associations among ClassesThe Three Types of Associations among Classes

Employee 1

Employee 2

Employee 3

Customer A

Customer B

Customer C

Customer D

Customer E

Employee Salary Account

Employee

Sales 1

Sales 2

Sales 3

1:1

Many:Many

1:many

Designing a Relational Database


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Designing a Relational Database

Relational Database Model -- need toinclude a common, unique field betweentables in order to link or "relate" thedifferent tables.

Basic Definitions

Primary key field (column) that is unique for table (a data item

cannot be repeated anywhere in the field -- productnumber, employee id., etc.)

Foreign key A primary key in another table that is used to join

(connect) two tables.


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Phone Name Address City

312-555-1234 J ones 123 Main Chicago502-555-8876 Smith 456 Oak Glasgow602-555-9987 J uarez 887 Ribera Phoenix612-555-4325 Olsen 465 Thor Minneapolis

Customer Table

Customer Date Salesperson Total_sale502-555-8876 3/3/04 2223 157.92602-555-9987 4/4/04 8876 295.53612-555-4325 4/9/04 8876 132.94502-555-8876 5/7/04 3345 183.67

Orders Table

Relational DatabasesTables

RowsColumns

Primary keys Data types

Text

Dates & times

Numbers

Objects

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