topics per lesson

1

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

SECONDARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME

CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3

1 Characteristics of

metals and non ndash

metals

Physical properties of

metals

Chemical properties

of metals

2 Chemical properties

of metals

Chemical properties

of metals

Reactions of metal

compounds

3 Reactions of metal

compounds

Reactions of metal

compounds

Action of heat on

metal compounds

4 Action of heat on

metal compounds

Action of heat on

metal compounds

Reactivity of metals ndash

The Reactivity Series

5 Reactivity of metals Reactivity of metals Reactivity of metals

6 Extraction of metals Extraction of metals Alloys

7 Corrosion Importance of metals

and their compounds

on living systems and

environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory

preparation of gases

Laboratory


Laboratory


2

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3

9 Uses of gases Uses of non ndash metals

and their compounds

Harmful effects of

non ndash metals and

their compounds on

living systems and

the environment

10 Green Chemistry Qualitative Analysis

ndash Identification of

cations

Qualitative Analysis


cations

11 Qualitative Analysis

ndash Test for gases



anions



anions

12 Problem solving of

Past CSEC Chemistry Paper 2

on topics completed in the term

13

14

15

3



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

WEEK 1 LESSON 1

TOPIC Characteristics of metals and non ndash metals

The elements of the periodic table may be classified as metals and non ndash metals The division is

The non ndash metals with the exception of hydrogen are found on the right hand side of the

periodic table These elements have atoms with completed filled or nearly filled outermost shells

The figure below shows an outline of the periodic table with the metals and non-metals

I II III IV V VI VII 0

B C N O F He

Si P S Cl Ne

METALS

As Se Br Ar

Te I Kr

At Xe

Rn

Periodic Table showing Metals and Non ndash metals

4

Differences between metals and non ndash metals

Metals Non ndash metals

Good conductor of electricity Do not conduct electricity

except graphite (carbon)

Good conductor of heat Do not conduct heat except graphite (carbon)

Lustrous solids at room temperature

(except mercury)

Solid liquid or gas at room temperature

eg iodine (solid) bromine (liquid) and

chlorine (gas) at room temperature

Malleable (can be beaten into different

shapes)

Not malleable

Ductile (can be drawn into wires) Not ductile

Sonorous (ring when hit with a hard object) Not sonorous

High melting and boiling points Low melting and boiling points compared to

metals

High density Much lower density at rtp compared to metals

5

WEEK 1 LESSON 1 WORKSHEET

Shade the letter next to the answer you choose for questions 1 to 4

1 Which of the following are metals

I Bromine

II Sodium

III Neon

IV Iron

(A) I and III (B) II and IV (C) I and IV (D) II and III

2 Which of the following are non ndash metals

I Chromium

II Carbon

III Iodine

IV Potassium


3 A metal that is a liquid at room temperature is

(A) mercury (B) tin (C) magnesium (D) sodium

6

4 Consider the following information about four substances

Substance Melting point

0C

Electrical conductivity Water

solubility in solid in liquid

I 1050 Low High High

II 75 Low Low Low

III 1234 High High Low

IV 1913 Low Low Low

The substance which is MOST likely to be a metal is

(A) I (B) II (C) III (D) IV

5 Read the following and answer the question that follows

A new element was discovered to have the following properties

Lustrous solid

Can be beaten into shapes

High density

(a) Based only on the facts stated above is the element a metal or non metal

_______________________

(b) State 3 other properties that you expect this element to exhibit

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2

TOPIC Physical properties of metals

Physical properties of some metals

Metals Melting point 0C

Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3

Other characteristics

Sodium 90 900 097 Very soft grey metal

Calcium 850 1487 153 Grey metal

Magnesium 650 1103 174 Soft grey metal

Aluminium 660 2350 270 Grey metal

Zinc 419 907 719 White metal

Iron 1535 2760 797 Dark grey metal

Copper 1083 2580 894 Gold coloured metal

conductivity second only to

silver

Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium

Zinc Iron Copper

8


A group of students carried out an experiment to find the density of three different metals

aluminium calcium and an unknown metal X They measured the mass of each metal sample

using a balance The volumes of the metals were determined by displacement of oil The results

of their experiment are as follows

Aluminium Calcium Metal X

Mass (g) 100 100 100

Final volume (cm3) 335 365 310

Initial volume (cm3 300 300 300

Volume of metal (cm3)

Density (gcm-3)

Complete the table using the following formulae

Volume of metal = Final volume ndash Initial volume

Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890

Arrange the metals in order of increasing density _____________________________________

9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3

TOPIC Chemical properties of metals

Action of oxygen

Most metals react with oxygen or air to form the corresponding oxide These oxides are basic

oxides with the exception of aluminium zinc and lead which form amphoteric oxides Metals

lower in the electrochemical series do not react

Metal Reaction with air or oxygen

Potassium K

Burn very easily forming oxide

eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Burn especially if powered forming oxide

eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb Do not burn form oxide when heated strongly

Copper Cu

Silver Ag No reaction

10


Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction of the named metals and air or oxygen

State the nature of the oxide formed (basic or amphoteric)

Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water

Metals high in the electrochemical series react with cold water to produce the metal hydroxide

and hydrogen

Reactive metals slightly lower in the electrochemical series react very slowly or not at all with

water However they may react with hot water or steam to produce the corresponding metal

oxide and hydrogen

Metals lower than hydrogen in the electrochemical series do not react with water

Metal Reaction with water or steam

Potassium K React with cold water forming metal hydroxide and hydrogen

eg Ca (s) + 2 H2O (l) Ca(OH))2 (aq) + H2 (g) Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg React with steam forming metal oxide and hydrogen

eg Zn (s) + H2O (g) ZnO (s) + H2 (g) Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

No reaction Copper Cu

Silver Ag

13


Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the named metals with water (or

steam if reaction does not occur with water)

Potassium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2


Action of dilute acids

Metals above hydrogen in the electrochemical series react with dilute acids to form a salt and

hydrogen gas They react with hydrochloric acid to form the metal chloride (a salt) and hydrogen

gas They also react with dilute suphuric acid to form the metal sulphate (a salt) and hydrogen

gas

Metal Reaction dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid

Potassium K Violent reaction forming a salt and hydrogen gas

eg 2 Na (s) + 2 HCl (aq) 2 NaCl (aq) + H2 (g) Sodium Na

Calcium Ca Vigorous reaction forming a salt and hydrogen gas

eg Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al React forming a salt and hydrogen gas

eg Fe (s) + 2 HCl (aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16


Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the named metals with

hydrochloric acid

Metal Balanced equation for reaction with hydrochloric acid

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3

TOPIC Reactions of metal compounds

Reactions of metallic oxides with dilute acid

Metal oxides react with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid to produce a salt and water

When hydrochloric acid is used the corresponding chloride salt is formed and when sulphuric

acid is used the corresponding sulphate salt is formed

Some of these reactions may be slow and can be speeded up by adding heat

For example

zinc oxide + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + water

ZnO (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + water

MgO (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

aluminium oxide + sulphuric acid aluminium sulphate + water

Al2O3 3 H2SO4 (aq) Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 3 H2O (l)

calcium oxide + sulphuric acid calcium sulphate + water

CaO H2SO4 (aq) CaSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

18


Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the named metal oxides with the

corresponding acid

Metallic oxide Acid Balanced chemical equation

Potassium oxide Hydrochloric acid

Sodium oxide Sulphuric acid

Calcium oxide Hydrochloric acid

Magnesium oxide Sulphuric acid

Aluminium oxide Hydrochloric acid

Zinc oxide Sulphuric acid

19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1


Reactions of metallic hydroxides with dilute acid

Metal hydroxides react with dilute acids to form a salt and water in a neutralisation reaction



For example

magnesium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + water

Mg(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + water

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

potassium hydroxide + sulphuric acid potassium sulphate + water

2 KOH + H2SO4 (aq) K2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

calcium hydroxide + sulphuric acid calcium sulphate + water

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) CaSO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

20


Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the named metal hydroxides with

the corresponding acid


Potassium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide Sulphuric acid

Calcium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid

Magnesium hydroxide Sulphuric acid

Aluminium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid

Zinc hydroxide Sulphuric acid

21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2


Reactions of metallic carbonates with dilute acid

Metal carbonates react with dilute acid to form a salt carbon dioxide and water When

hydrochloric acid is used the corresponding chloride salt is formed and when sulphuric acid is

used the corresponding sulphate salt is formed

For example

sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

Na2CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) 2 NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (aq)

calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (aq)

zinc carbonate + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate + carbon dioxide + water

ZnCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) CO2 (g) + H2O (aq)

potassium carbonate + sulphuric acid potassium sulphate + carbon dioxide + water

K2CO3 (s) H2SO4 (aq) K2SO4 (aq) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (aq)

22


Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the named metal carbonates with


Metallic

carbonate

Acid Balanced chemical equation

Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3

TOPIC Action of heat on metal compounds

Action of heat on nitrates

All nitrates decompose when heated The reactivity of the metal in the metal nitrate influences

the products of the decomposition

The nitrates of the alkali metals (Group I) with the exception of lithium nitrate decompose to

form the metal nitrite and oxygen

The nitrates of most other metals decompose to form the metal oxide nitrogen dioxide and

oxygen

The nitrates of the very unreactive metals decompose to form the meal nitrogen dioxide and

oxygen

Metal Nitrate Decomposition

Potassium K Products metal nitrite + oxygen

eg 2 NaNO3 (s) Heatrarr 2 NaNO2 (s) + O2 (g)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Products metal oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)

Heatrarr 2 PbO (s) + 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g)

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Products metal + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

eg 2 AgNO3 (s) Heatrarr 2 Ag (s) + 2 NO2 (g) + O2 (g)

24


Write the balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of the following metal

nitrates

Metal Balanced chemical equation

Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1


Action of heat on carbonates

Upon application of heat many carbonates decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon

dioxide

Group I carbonates do not decompose on heating with the exception of lithium carbonate

Metal Carbonate decomposition

Potassium K

Stable not decomposed by heat Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Decompose forming metal oxide and carbon dioxide

eg CaCO3 (s) Heatrarr CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

NB the ease increases down the series

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2


Action of heat on the metal hydroxides

Most metal hydroxides decompose on heating A metal oxide and water are formed

Group I hydroxides do not decompose on heating with the exception of lithium hydroxide

Metal Hydroxide decomposition

Potassium K Stable not decomposed by heat

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca Decompose forming metal oxide and water (as steam)

eg Zn(OH)2 (s) Heatrarr ZnO (s) + H2O (g)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag No hydroxide exist

28


Write the balanced chemical equations for the thermal decomposition of the following

metal hydroxides

Metal hydroxide Balanced chemical equation

Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3

TOPIC Reactivity of metals ndash The Reactivity Series

The reactivity series of metals is a list of metals arranged in order of their reactivity based on

Displacement reactions

Reactions with oxygen dilute acids and water

Relative ease of decomposition of their compounds

Metals at the top of the series are the most electropositive They lose electrons very easily and

readily form cations These ions are very stable and are not easily discharged to form atoms Due

to this fact they are the most reactive metals

Metals at the bottom of the series are the least electropositive They do not lose electrons easily

and do not readily form ions Their ions are very unstable and are easily discharged to form

atoms They are the least reactive metals

The reactivity series of metals

Mnemonic Metal Symbol Reactivity

People Potassium K Most reactive

Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca

Magazines Magnesium Mg

About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu

Monkeys and Mercury Hg

Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1

TOPIC Reactivity of metals

Reactivity based on displacement reactions between metals and metal ions

A metal will displace a metal which is lower than itself in the reactivity series from a solution of

the metal salt

Reaction of zinc and copper (II) sulphate

Expected observations

Explanation

The size of the zinc metal decreases

The zinc metal is reacting and forming the

salt zinc sulphate

The solution becomes lighter eventually

colourless

The Cu2+ (aq) ions (responsible for the blue

colour) is reduced to Cu (s)

A brown solid is deposited at the bottom of

the container

Copper metal is formed

Equation Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

Zinc is higher in the reactivity series than copper Therefore it will displace the copper ions in

the reaction above

3

Examples of other displacement reactions

Magnesium will displace Zn2+ ions in zinc sulphate since it is higher in the series than zinc

Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)

Silver will not displace Cu2+ ions in copper (II) sulphate [Cu is higher in the series than Ag]

Using the information above we can arrange the metals in order of their reactivity with

magnesium being the most reactive and silver the least reactive metal among the four metals

Mg gt Zn gt Cu gt Ag

Reactivity based on reaction with oxygen

The reactivity of metals can also be deduced from their reaction with oxygen

The table below gives the observations for the reaction with oxygen with the selected metals

Reaction of metal with oxygen

Metal Observation

Copper The surface turns black upon heating

Magnesium Ribbon burns very rapidly

Sodium Burns vigorously

Gold No reaction

Based on the observations for the 4 metals the metal with highest reactivity is sodium and the

metal with the least reactivity is gold

The 4 metals can be arranged in terms of reactivity as follows

Na gt Mg gt Cu gt Au

4


1 A piece of zinc is placed in iron (II) suphate solution and a piece of iron is placed in zinc

sulphate solution

In which solution will there be a reaction With reference to the electrochemical series

explain your answer

Give the equation for the reaction

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5

2 A group of students carried out experiments with metals X and Y and obtained the

following results

X displaced lead from an aqueous solution of its salts but did not react with iron salts

Y burns very easily

Based on the above results and your knowledge of the reactivity series of metals place

Metals X Y Pb and Fe in order of reactivity

Support your answers with appropriate ionic equation (s)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2


Reactivity based on reactivity with acids

The metals that are higher than hydrogen in the electrochemical series react with non ndash oxidizing

acids to produce a salt and hydrogen gas

By using the same concentration of acid and same mass and size of the metals the order of

reactivity of the metals can be deduced

The table below shows the results for an experiment with the reaction of the named metals and

1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

Reaction of metals with acid

Metal Observations

Silver No reaction

Magnesium Bubbles produced steadily

Calcium Bubbles produced very rapidly

Iron Bubbles produced slowly

Based on the above data the most reactive metal will be calcium with the least reactive being

silver The order of reactivity will be Ca gt Mg gt Fe gt Ag

By comparing this to the electrochemical series it can be seen that the reactivity of the metals

decrease as we go down the series

7


1 Place a next to the metals that will react with dilute acid and an X next to the metals

that will not react with dilute acid

Metal Reactivity with acid

Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc

2 The following data refer to four metals W X Y and Z

Metal Reacts with dilute acid Occurs in nature as compounds

W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No

When Z is added to an aqueous solution of Y a precipitate is formed

From the above data deduce the correct order of these metals in the electrochemical series

8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3


Reactivity based on ease of decomposition of the metal nitrates carbonates oxides and

hydroxides

The more reactive a metal the more difficult it is to decompose its nitrate carbonate oxide or

hydroxide on heating

For example Decomposition of carbonates

Procedure

1 Put a large spatula measure of the carbonate to be tested in a test tube

2 Fit a delivery tube and then clamp the test tube so that the delivery tube dips into a second test

tube containing 2ndash3 cm3 limewater

3 Heat the solid gently at first then more strongly

4 Lift the delivery tube from the limewater before or as soon as the heating is stopped This is to

avoid suck-back

5 Write down all observations Notice what happens to the limewater and how long it takes to turn

milky (if at all) Notice whether any melting occurs in the heated test tube and any colour

changes taking place Write your results in tabular form

6 Repeat the experiment with the other metal carbonates supplied and in each case write down

your observations

7 Wash your hands thoroughly at the end of these experiments since some of the metal carbonates

are toxic

9

Results

Metal Formula Gas evolved Ease of decomposition

Zinc ZnCO3 Carbon dioxide Fairly easy

Copper CuCO3 Carbon dioxide Easy

Sodium Na2CO3 None Very difficult

Using the results of the above activity the reactivity of the metals can be determined

Ease of decomposition Copper gt Zinc gt Sodium

The order of reactivity is the opposite for the ease of decomposition

Order of reactivity Sodium (most reactive) gt Zinc gt Copper (least reactive)

10


The following data refer to the decomposition of four metal nitrates A B C and D

Metal nitrate Effect of heating

A Hardly any brown gas is produced even on strong heating

B Large amounts of brown gas are produced on gentle heating

C No brown gas is produced

D Some brown gas is produced on strong heating

Use the data above to deduce the order of reactivity of the metal nitrates A B C and D

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1

TOPIC Extraction of metals

Elements exist all over the earth Some are found as free elements eg copper silver and gold

Others are found combined with other elements in compounds To get the elements the

compounds have to be broken up These compounds are generally called ores the most

convenient sources of which are rocks sea and air

The extraction of a metal from its ore is a reduction process where the metals ions gain electrons

to form atoms

The general equation is Mn+ + n e- M

The choice of the extraction method depends on the position of the metal in the reactivity series

As we go down the series the metals become more stable and the metal ions (in the ores)

become less stable

The very reactive metals that are high in the series K Na Ca Mg Al have very stable ores

Therefore they require a powerful method of reduction namely electrolysis During the process

the cathode provides the electrons and acts as the reducing agent

The metals in the middle of the series (Zn Fe Pb) do not have stable ores and can be extracted

by reduction with carbon in the case of zinc and with carbon monoxide in the case of iron and

lead

Metals low in the reactivity series if present as ores can be extracted simply by heating the ores

in air at high temperatures

12

Extraction of Aluminium from purified bauxite

Pure bauxite is pure alumina (Al2O3) Aluminium is obtained from bauxite by electrolysis

Aluminium oxide has a very high melting point approximately 2050 0C so it is first dissolved in

molten cryolite (Na2AlF6) The addition of cryolite lowers the melting point to approximately

900 0C

The electrolyte is a molten mixture of alumina and molten cryolite The cathode is the graphite

lining of the cell The anodes are blocks of graphite or titanium alloys

Reaction at the cathode

Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)

Reaction at the anode

2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)

Aluminium (melting point 660 0C) is a liquid at the temperature at which electrolysis is carried

out and is collected at the bottom of the cell and tapped off Oxygen gas which is given off in the

main cathode reaction together with the heat causes the anodes to burn away The anodes have

to be replaced from time to time The use of anodes from titanium alloys reduce the number of

times that the anodes have to be replaced

13

WEEK 6 LESSON 1 Worksheet

(a) Place the following metals in the appropriate table in terms of their method of extraction

from their ores

Potassium Zinc Lead Copper Gold Calcium Magnesium Iron

Electrolysis Reduction with a reducing

agent

Heating of the ore

(b) Describe the extraction of aluminium from its ore Include in your answer the name of the

ore the main purpose of cyrolite and the reaction at the cathode

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron

The traditional method of production of iron is by reduction of haematite by carbon monoxide in

a blast furnace

Ores Haematite ndash Fe2O3 Magnetite ndash Fe3O4 Siderite ndash FeCO3 Magnetite and Siderite are

converted to Haematite

A mixture of haematite limestone (CaCO3) and coke (C) called the charge is placed into the top

of the furnace

Hot air is blown into the bottom of the furnace

Coke burns in air forming carbon dioxide

C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve

The heat produced keeps the temperature at about 1900 0C

The carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide by the hot coke

CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve

Heat absorbed reduces the temperature to about 1100 0C

The carbon monoxide reduces the hot iron ore to molten iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)

The temperature at this part of the furnace is about 700 0C The iron runs to the bottom of the

furnace

The impurities are removed by the addition of limestone (CaCO3) The limestone at the

temperature of the furnace breaks down

CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

15

The calcium oxide formed combines with silicon dioxide (sand) the main impurity in the iron

ore to form molten slag

CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) CaSiO3 (l)

The slag does not mix with the molten iron but floats on it The molten iron and slag are run off

separately

The iron formed in a blast furnace is an impure form of the metal Because the molten metal is

allowed to solidify in shallow trays known as casts the iron is called lsquocast ironrsquo or lsquopigrsquo iron

Cast iron is quite brittle and contains 2 - 4 carbon and other impurities Most of the cast iron is

converted to steel

A blast furnace used for extracting iron

16


(a) What are the three raw materials that are added through the top of the blast furnace

during the extraction process for iron

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain the importance of each one of the materials stated above Give equations to

support your answers

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals Alloys are made by melting the individual metals

mixing them and allowing the molten mixture to solidify

In general alloys are harder stronger and more resistant to corrosion than the actual metals they

are made up from

Alloy Use Properties

ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses

Aluminium is used in

making cooking

utensils electrical

cables paint for fuel

storage tanks bottle

caps foil and utensils

for handling nitric

acid

The alloys have a low

density They are as

light as aluminium

and more resistant to

corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in

The alloy has a lower

melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield

against x ndash rays

IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)

Iron is the main metal

of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists

corrosion is usually

harder than iron and

may be tough though

malleable and ductile

19


(a) Define the term alloy

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) State 3 general advantages that alloys have over the individual metals they are made

from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium State TWO enhanced properties of this alloy and

TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion

Corrosion occurs when the surface of a metal reacts with water or water and oxygen to form a

layer of oxide

Familiar examples of corrosion are

- the formation of a green powder on copper sheeting

- the eating away of iron (rusting)

- the development by aluminum of a thin compact layer of oxide which protects the

underlying metal from further corrosion

When corrosion occurs in water ndash free environment it is called dry oxidation When it occurs in

aerated aqueous environments it is called wet corrosion Wet corrosion is the most common and

troublesome form of corrosion

The most familiar corrosion is the rusting of iron and steel On exposure to the atmosphere iron

and steel corrode to form rust which is hydrated iron (III) oxide Fe2O3xH2O Iron and steel

corrode easily and the rust formed flakes off easily thus exposing fresh surface for attack

When iron rust it loses electrons

Fe (s) ndash 2e- Fe 2+ (aq)

The iron (II) ions pass into solution and then combine with the hydroxyl (OH-) ions in the

aerated aqueous environment to form iron (II) hydroxide The oxygen present oxidises the iron

(II) hydroxide to hydrated iron (III) oxide or rust

Fe(OH)2 + O2 Fe2O3xH2O

21

Methods of preventing rusting

1 Coating the object with paint grease plastic or rubber which prevent contact with air or

water

2 Galvanising ndash coating the object with zinc The zinc forms an adherent oxide layer which

protects against further corrosion If damaged the zinc is oxidized in preference to the

iron since it is higher in the electrochemical series

3 Coating with tin lsquoTinrsquo cans are made of steel plated with tin However if scratched

rusting occurs since iron is more reactive than tin

4 Attaching a sacrificial anode to the object A piece of metal higher in the electrochemical

series such as magnesium is attached The magnesium will be oxidized in preference

since it is higher in the electrochemical series than iron

22


(a) Define the term corrosion

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain each of these statements

(i) An iron nail will not rust if it is painted but if the paint is scratched the object will

develop a large rust patch

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) The hull of a ship can be protected from rusting by attaching blocks of a magnesium alloy

to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(iii) The corrosion of an aluminium object is a good thing where as the corrosion of an iron

object is detrimental to that iron object

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2

TOPIC Importance of metals and their compounds on living systems and environment

Some metals are an integral part of different structures of living things

Metal Presence and Function

Potassium Main cation in fluid or animal cells essential for healthy plant growth

Calcium Necessary for strong bones teeth and shells needed by some enzymes Present

in dairy produce eggs nuts and cereals

Magnesium Central atom of chlorophyll needed for some enzyme action Involved in energy

and calcium metabolism

Zinc Present in many enzymes Needed for protein metabolism Essential for growth

of animals

Iron Present in haemoglobin Needed for protein metabolism Essential for growth of

animals

Chromium Needed for glucose uptake by cells and thus linked to the action of insulin

Manganese Needed for bone development and amino acid metabolism Present in several

enzymes Needed for plant growth

Cobalt Present in Vitamin B12 Needed for plant growth

Copper Involved in formation of haemoglobin and melanin Present in enzymes

controlling oxidation Needed for plant growth

24

Harmful effects of metals and their compounds to living systems and the environment

There are some metals and metal compounds which may cause harm to living systems and the

environment

Lead

Lead is a heavy metal poison that is widely encountered It may occur in food beverages paint

water formed from ndash sealed pipes in air polluted by combustion by fuels containing lead

compounds Lead is also used in some car batteries If these are paints or batteries are not

disposed of correctly lead may get into groundwater or air Lead and lead compounds harm the

nervous system including the brain especially young children

Arsenic

Arsenic compounds are poisonous They can get into the groundwater from mining waste and

from disposal of some electrical components

Cadmium

Cadmium compounds are poisonous They can get into the ground by improper disposal of

nickel ndash cadmium batteries Persons can get cadmium poisoning if they eat food grown in

contaminated soil

Mercury

Mercury can be spilled from broken thermometers in hospitals and laboratories Mercury and its

compounds are particularly poisonous to fish and it can accumulate in the food chain and

eventually poison humans

Problems of disposal of solid waste

Metals may react with water andor air and corrode to form soluble compounds that are

poisonous These toxic compounds diffuse into the soil and eventually enter rivers

Rust from iron may form unsightly pools of waste that reduce plant growth

Waste from aluminium extraction may react with water and form flammable gases

25


(a) A farmer reaped a crop of tomatoes and reported that the yield was far below what was

expected He analysed the soil and found that there was a deficiency of magnesium

Discuss how the deficiency of magnesium would account for the low yield of tomatoes

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Some metal compounds are health and environmental hazards

State ONE harmful effect each of continuous exposure to lead and mercury

Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3

TOPIC Chemical properties of non ndash metals

Reaction with oxygen

Many non ndash metals burn in excess oxygen or air to form oxides For example

S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

Reactions with metals

Some non ndash metals react with metals high in the electrochemical series when heated

For example

Sodium burns in chlorine to form sodium chloride

Na (s) + Cl2 (g) NaCl (s)

Magnesium burns in oxygen to form magnesium oxide

Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)

When heated iron combines with molten sulphur to form iron (II) sulphide

Fe (s) + S (l) FeS (s)

When heated reactive metals such as sodium and aluminium react with hydrogen to form metal

hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)

Oxidising and Reducing properties

Hydrogen and Carbon are very good reducing agents

At high temperatures hydrogen reduces metal oxides below zinc in the electrochemical series to

form the metal For example PbO (s) + H2 (g) Pb (s) + H2O (g)

Under suitable conditions hydrogen reduces nitrogen to ammonia

N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27

At high temperatures carbon reduces metal oxides below aluminium in the reactivity series to

the metal For example

ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)

Oxygen and Chlorine are very good oxidizing agents

Oxygen oxidized most metals to form metal oxides and some non ndash metals to non ndash metal oxides

For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)

Chlorine acts as an oxidizing agent either as a gas or as an aqueous solution For example

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)

2 KBr (aq) + Cl2 (aq) 2 KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq)

28


(a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction

Potassium bromide + Chlorine Potassium chloride + Bromine

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Write the ionic equation for the above reaction

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Identify the oxidising agent in the reaction

______________________________________________________________________________

(d) Justify your answer in part (c) in terms of oxidation number

______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1

TOPIC Laboratory preparation of gases

Preparation of oxygen

Oxygen can be prepared by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide potassium chlorate (V) or

potassium nitrate The safest method is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Manganese (IV) oxide catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Silica gel anhydrous calcium chloride or concentrated sulphuric acid can be used as a drying

agent

The gas is collected by downward delivery since it is slightly denser than air

Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)

Apparatus used for laboratory preparation of oxygen

30


Describe the laboratory preparation of oxygen gas

In your answer include

The starting material

A suitable catalyst

Drying agent

Type of collection (delivery) and reason for such type

Balanced chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2


Preparation of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide can be prepared by the action of dilute acid on carbonates Marble chips (calcium

carbonate) and dilute hydrochloric acid are the common reagents The gas is collected by

downward delivery since it is denser than air

The drying agent could be silica gel anhydrous calcium chloride or cold concentrated sulphuric

acid

2 HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Apparatus used for laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide

32


Describe the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide gas


The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3


Preparation of ammonia

Ammonia may be prepared by heating a mixture of ammonium salt and a hydroxide The

ammonia gas is collected by upward delivery since it is less dense than air

For example

2 NH4Cl (s) + Ca(OH)2 (s) 2 NH3 (g) + CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

Calcium oxide is the only suitable drying agent since ammonia reacts with conc H2SO4 and

CaCl2

Apparatus used for laboratory preparation of dry ammonia

34

11


Describe the laboratory preparation of ammonia gas


The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide

Used in fire extinguishers to put out fires Carbon dioxide is denser than air and lsquoblanketsrsquo the

fire preventing oxygen from reaching it Carbon dioxide extinguishers are especially useful for

dealing with fires involving flammable liquids and electrical equipment

Carbonation in soda is created when carbon dioxide is pumped into the soda can or bottle then

held under pressure As long as the can or bottle is sealed the carbon dioxide remains mostly

stable However if the drink gets shaken up or the top is opened the tiny carbon dioxide bubbles

react by bursting

Oxygen

Oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration We need a constant supply of oxygen for this process

Oxygen is used in hospitals to improve the respiration of patients with poor blood flow blood

poisoning and heart disease

Oxygen in used in welding (joining) metals In an oxyacetylene welding torch acetylene or

ethyne (C2H2) burns in oxygen and produces a very hot flame This flame is capable of melting

most metals

Oxygen is used in steel production A blast of oxygen is blown through the molten iron The

oxygen oxidises many of the impurities of the iron and the impurities are then removed

36


Complete the table showing uses of gases by inserting either oxygen or carbon dioxide gases

in the column gas to match a correct use

Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals

Create lsquofizzrsquo in drinks

Used in steel production

Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2

TOPIC Uses of non ndash metals and their compounds

Carbon (allotrophes carbon dioxide)

Carbon is used as a reducing agent in extraction of some metals

Carbon as graphite is used as electrodes lubricants and lsquoleadrsquo for pencils

Carbon in the form of diamond is used for jewellery (because of its lustre) and in drill tips for

high ndash speed drills (because of its hardness)

Carbon dioxide is used as refrigerant (as dry ice) for carbonated beverages

Sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium carbonate are used for water softening and raising

agent

Sulphur

Sulphur is used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid Sulphur is also used in the manufacture of

tyres to make the rubber harder (vulcanisation)

Sulphur powder is used as fungicide on plant materials

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of fertilizers

Phosphorus is used to make phosphor bronze alloys

Phosphorus sulphide is used to make the heads of lsquostrike anywherersquo matches

38

Chlorine

Chlorine is used to make sodium hypochlorite which is present in bleach It is also used in

sterilizing swimming pools and in water treatment

Chlorine is used to make the monomer vinyl chloride which is used to make the plastic PVC

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is used to make fertilisers ammonia dyes and nitric acid

Nitrogen is used as an inert atmosphere to prevent substances being oxidised and as a coolant

Silicon

Silicon is used for making silicon chips for computers

Silicon (V) oxide is present in sand Glass is made by heating sand with lime (calcium oxide) and

sodium carbonate

Silicon in the form of silicates is used in jewellery

Silica gel is used as a drying agent

39


Insert the non ndash metals carbon sulphur phosphorus chlorine nitrogen and silicon to

match a correct use An option may be used once more than once or not at all

Non ndash metal Uses

Used to make sodium hypochlorite

Used as a fungicide on plant materials

Used for lsquoleadrsquo in pencils

Used in the manufacture of bronze alloys

Used in the manufacture of nitric acid

Used in the manufacture of computer chips

Used to make fertilisers

40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3

TOPIC Harmful effects of non ndash metals and their compounds on living systems and the

environment

Sulphur dioxide

Sulphur dioxide can cause a disease of the lungs Sulphur dioxide also poisons plants in two

main ways It may enter the stomata of leaves and react with the tissue fluids to form sulphites

with the on ndash going water loss the concentration of sulphites could build up killing the cells

The second adverse effect on plants occurs when sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain thereby

increasing soil acidity A prolonged acid soil situation may lead to plasmolysis and the death of

vegetation in an area

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide combines much more readily than oxygen with haemoglobin When carbon

monoxide is inhaled it prevents the haemoglobin from taking oxygen to the bodyrsquos cells

Continued breathing of air containing carbon monoxide eventually causes death

Hydrogen sulphide

Hydrogen sulphide reacts readily with many cations forming insoluble sulphides Many cations

contribute to good health by contributing to enzyme activity and to the formation of bone

pigment and haemoglobin Although these cations are required in extremely small

concentrations they are removed by being precipitated as sulphides and thus not available for

regular function Careless dumping of refuse contributes to atmospheric pollution by hydrogen

sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen

In the presence of hydrocarbons from car exhausts ozone and sunlight nitrogen oxides react to

form photochemical smog which contains many harmful chemicals

Nitrogen dioxide can harm the lungs and irritate the nose throat and eyes The other compounds

present in photochemical smog are even more harmful irritants and can cause asthma

41

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide water vapour and ozone referred to as ldquogreenhouse gasesrdquo acting as a blanket

readily absorb some of the radiated heat energy and in turn warms the earthrsquos atmosphere This is

called the ldquogreenhouse effectrdquo Scientists have found direct correlation between carbon dioxide

concentration and global warming An increase in carbon dioxide concentration resulted in an

increase global temperatures Global warming is a major potential problem that the world faces

Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs)

It is believed that CFCs might be responsible for destroying the ozone layer which prevents

harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from reaching the earth The carbon ndash chlorine bond in CFC

molecule is easily broken by a UV photon producing an active chlorine atom This atom

combines with an ozone molecule forming a chlorine oxide radical and oxygen The radicle

reacts with more ozone producing the chlorine atom again This kind of reaction is repeated

thousands of times This type of reaction is thought to account for about eighty percent of the

loss of ozone observed

Nitrates and phospates

Nitrates and phosphates cause eutrophication The process leading to eutrophication are

Nitrates and phosphates from fertilisers spread on fields may dissolve in groundwater and

get into lakes and rivers

Nitrates and phosphates cause excessive growth of algae so that they cover the surface of

the water

Water plants including algae die because of lack of sunlight Aerobic bacteria feed on

the plant remains The bacteria multiply

The aerobic bacteria use up the oxygen in the water so aquatic animals die

42

Solid waste

The main sources of pollution from non ndash metals is from glass paper and plastics

Broken glass can cause injury to animals It can also cause fires by acting as lens focusing the

sunrsquos rays on flammable materials

Printing inks from paper dumped in the ground may contain toxic elements such as arsenic and

cadmium Bleaches and chlorine compounds from paper are also harmful

43


Describe ONE harmful effect of the following non ndash metals andor their compounds on

living systems and the environment

Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1

TOPIC Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry is defined as the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the

use and generation of hazardous substances

There are twelve principles of green chemistry as proposed by Paul T Anastas and John C

Warner These twelve principles are

1 Prevention ndash It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been

created

2 Atom economy - Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of

all materials used in the process into the final product

3 Less hazardous chemical synthesis - Wherever practicable synthetic methods should be

designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health

and the environment

4 Safer chemical products - Chemical products should be designed to affect their desired

function while minimizing their toxicity

5 Safer solvents and other agents - The use of auxiliary substances (eg solvents

separation agents etc) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and harmless

when used

6 Minimum energy requirements - Energy requirements of chemical processes should be

recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized If

possible synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure

7 Use of renewable raw materials - A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather

than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable

8 Reduce use of additional chemicals or additional steps - Unnecessary derivatization (use

of blocking groups protection deprotection temporary modification of

physicalchemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible because such

steps require additional reagents and can generate waste

46

9 Use of catalysts ndash The use of catalysts reduce energy costs because the reactions take

place at lower temperatures The more specific the catalyst for a particular reaction is the

less it the likelihood of getting additional unwanted products

10 Nature of breakdown of products - Chemical products should be designed so that at the

end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not

persist in the environment

11 Monitoring to prevent pollution - Analytical methodologies need to be further developed

to allow for real-time in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of

hazardous substances

12 Minimise chemical accidents - Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical

process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents including

releases explosions and fires

47


In recent years emphasis has been placed on preserving the environment and as such a new area

of chemistry Green Chemistry has evolved

(i) What is meant by the term lsquoGreen Chemistryrsquo

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Discuss TWO benefits of utilizing the principles involved in Green Chemistry

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2

TOPIC Qualitative Analysis ndash Identification of cations

Qualitative Analysis involves identifying the constituents of single substances or mixture of

substances

Appearance

An examination of the appearance of a substance can indicate which ion it contains

Appearances of substances

Observation Indication

Blue or blue ndash green Cu2+ salt

Pale green Fe2+ salt

Yellow ndash brown Fe3+ salt

Ammonia smell NH4+ salt

49

Test for cation using sodium hydroxide

Method

(a) Prepare a solution of the solid

(b) Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution dropwise Look for a precipitate

(c) Add excess sodium hydroxide solution Look for the precipitate redissolving

(d) If no precipitate forms in step b warm gently and test for ammonia

Effect of dilute sodium hydroxide solution

Effect of dilute sodium hydroxide solution Cation

Dropwise Excess

White precipitate Precipitate soluble Ca2+

White precipitate Precipitate insoluble Al3+ Pb2+ Zn2+

Blue precipitate Precipitate insoluble Cu2+

Dirty green precipitate Precipitate insoluble Fe2+

Rusty brown precipitate Precipitate insoluble Fe3+

No precipitate ndash ammonia gas

evolved on heating

ndash NH4+

The metal cations all form insoluble hydroxides with sodium hydroxide solution

For example Ca2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Ca(OH)2 (s)

Ca(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 are basic and therefore do not react with excess

sodium hydroxide solution Therefore the precipitate does not dissolve in excess sodium

hydroxide solution

Al(OH)3 Pb(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 are amphoteric Therefore the precipitates react with the excess

sodium hydroxide solution forming soluble salts and the precipitate disappears in excess sodium

hydroxide solution

The NH4+ ion forms a soluble hydroxide However on heating it reacts with the hydroxide ion to

form ammonia and water

NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50


The following chart shows reactions of cations with sodium hydroxide

(a) Identify the cations P Q R and S

(b) Write an ionic equation for R with NaOH

P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3


Test for cation using ammonia solution (ammonium hydroxide solution)

Method




Effect of dilute ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) solution

Effect of dilute ammonia solution Cation

Dropwise Excess

No precipitate ndash Ca2+

White precipitate Precipitate soluble

(forming colourless solution)

Zn2+

White precipitate Precipitate insoluble Al3+ Pb2+

Blue precipitate Precipitate soluble

(forming deep blue solution)

Cu2+



52

Ammonia solution is a weak alkali Metal cations except Ca2+ form insoluble hydroxides with

ammonia solution as with the sodium hydroxide solution

The amphoteric hydroxides Al(OH)3 and Pb(OH)2 and the basic hydroxides Fe(OH)2 and

Fe(OH)3 do not react with excess ammonia solution Therefore the precipitates remain

However Zn(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 do react with excess ammonia solution to form complex

soluble hydroxides each Hence their precipitates disappear on the addition of excess ammonia

solution

Confirmatory test

After carrying out test for cations using sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution the

only cations which cannot be distinguished are Al3+ and Pb2+ A confirmatory test is carried out

to distinguish between the two cations

Confirmatory test

Test Observation Cation Ionic equation

Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution

Bright yellow precipitate

No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53


The following chart shows reactions of cations with aqueous ammonia

(a) State the inferences after Test 1

A __________ B ________________ C ________________________

(b) State the inference after Test 2

C _______________________

(c) Write an ionic equation to support your answer in (b) above

___________________________________________________________________________

Test 1 Reaction of cations with aqueous ammonia solution

Test 2 Reaction of cation C with sodium iodine solution

54

ANSWERS TO WORKSHEETS

55

WEEK 5 LESSON 1 WORKSHEET ANSWERS


sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer

Zinc + Iron (II) sulphate Zinc is higher in the electrochemical series and therefore displace

iron ions in iron (II) sulphate

Equation Zn (s) + FeSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Fe (s)

Ionic equation Zn (s) + Fe2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Fe (s)

Iron + Zinc sulphate No reaction iron is lower in the electrochemical series and cannot

displace the zinc ions in zinc sulphate

56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer

X displaces lead from an aqueous solution of its salts

X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)

rarr X is more reactive than Pb

X did not react with iron salts

rarr X is less reactive than Fe

Y burns very easily

Y is more reactive than Fe and Pb (both forming their corresponding oxide at a slower rate)

From electrochemical series Fe is higher and therefore more reactive than Pb

Order of reactivity

Y (most reactive) gt Fe gt X gt Pb (least reactive)

57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer

Y and Z are the most reactive since they can react with dilute acid

Z is more reactive than Y since a reaction occurs with Z is added to an aqueous solution of Y

X is less reactive than W since it does not occur in nature as compounds

Order of reactivity Z (most reactive) gt Y gt W gt X

59









Answer

Ease of decomposition (from easiest to decompose to most difficult to decompose)

B rarrD rarrArarr C

Reactivity (most reactive to least reactive)

C (most reactive) gt A gt D gt B (least reactive)

60

WEEK 6 LESSON 1 Worksheet Answers


from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore

Potassium Zinc Copper

Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron



Aluminium is extracted from its ore bauxite through the process of electrolysis

Cryolite is added to bauxite to lower the melting point to about 900 0C The melting point of

bauxite is very high (about 2040 0C) It is difficult and expensive to keep the molten aluminium

oxide at this temperature

Reaction at the cathode Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)

61


(a) What are the three raw materials that are added through the top of the blast

furnace during the extraction process for iron

Coke (carbon)

iron ore (haematitie mainly iron (II) oxide)

limestone (calcium carbonate)



Coke ndash coke burns to produce carbon dioxide The carbon dioxide further reacts with coke to

form carbon monoxide (reducing agent in the process)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO

Haematite ndash iron ore provides the iron which is reduced by the carbon monoxide to produce

iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)

Limestone ndash decomposes to form calcium oxide The calcium oxide reacts with the impurity

silicon dioxide to form slag (calcium silicate)


CaO (s) + SiO2 (l) CaSiO3(l)

62



An alloy is a material made from a mixture of two or more metals


from

They are harder stronger and more resistant to corrosion


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses

1 Used to make aircraft bodies

2 Used to make space satellites

63




layer of oxide




The paint forms a barrier which stops contact with air or water and the iron Hence rusting

will not take place

However when the paint is scratched that part of the iron nail is exposed to air or water and

rusting will take place


to it

Magnesium is higher in the electrochemical series and will be oxidised in preference to iron



Aluminium is partly protected from corrosion by its coat of aluminium oxide However as the

iron rust it flakes and fall off and the rusting process continues

64





Magnesium is the ion found in chlorophyll Chlorophyll plays a vital part in the process of

photosynthesis A deficiency in magnesium will lead to low chlorophyll level in the tomato

plants and hence reduce the process of photosynthesis There will be less food storage and

hence will lead to smaller yield of tomatoes



Any correct harmful effect of lead on health or environment

Any correct harmful effect of mercury on health or environment

65






2 Br- (aq) + Cl2 (aq) 2 Cl- (aq) + Br2 (aq)


Cl2 (aq)


There is a reduction of the oxidation number for chlorine from 0 to ndash1

hence it has been reduced Therefore chlorine is the oxidising agent

66



Oxygen is prepared in the laboratory by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

A suitable catalyst is manganese (IV) oxide

Drying agent silica gel OR anhydrous calcium chloride OR conc sulphuric acid

The gas is collected by downward delivery since oxygen is slightly denser than air

Balanced chemical equation 2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)

67



Carbon dioxide is commonly prepared in the laboratory by the reacting hydrochloric acid and

marble chips (calcium carbonate)


acid

The carbon dioxide gas is collected by downward delivery since it is denser than air



68



An ammonium salt (ammonium chloride) and a base (sodium hydroxide) are mixed together and

heated

Calcium oxide is used as the drying agent Calcium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid

cannot be used since ammonia can react with them

The gas is collected by upward delivery since ammonia is less dense than air



69




Gas Uses

Carbon dioxide Put out fires

Oxygen Welding metals

Carbon dioxide Create lsquofizzrsquo in drinks

Oxygen Used in steel production

Oxygen Aerobic respiration

70





Chlorine Used to make sodium hypochlorite

Sulphur Used as a fungicide on plant materials

Carbon (graphite) Used for lsquoleadrsquo in pencils

Phosphorus Used in the manufacture of bronze alloys

Nitrogen Used in the manufacture of nitric acid

Silicon Used in the manufacture of computer chips

Nitrogen Phosphorus Used to make fertilisers

71





Green Chemistry is using principles that reduceeliminate the use of hazardous materials in

the design manufacture and application of chemical products


Makes the environment safer

Reduces waste

Creates new jobs

Reduces respiratory illnesses

Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+

Ionic equation for R + NaOH

Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73




A Fe3+ B Ca2+ C Al3+ Pb2+


C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1

TOPIC Qualitative Analysis ndash Test for gases

Identification of gases

Gas Colour Odour Effect on moist

litmus

Method of identification

Oxygen

O2

Colourless Odourless Neutral ndash no

effect

Relights a glowing splint

Hydrogen

H2


effect

Lighted splint lsquopopsrsquo if air is also

present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2

Colourless Odourless Weakly acidic ndash

blue to slightly

red

A white precipitate forms in

limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)

Precipitate redissolves on

continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3

Colourless Pungent Alkaline ndash red

to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)

Turns moist red litmus blue forms

dense white fumes with hydrogen

chloride gas

NH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (s)


litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell

Acidic ndash blue to

red

Turns acidified potassium

manganate (VII) solution from

purple to colourless


dichromate (VI) solution from

orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached

Turns moist blue litmus red and

then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red

Turns moist blue litmus red but

does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect

Turns anhydrous cobalt (II)

chloride from blue to pink

Turns anhydrous copper (II)

sulphate from white to blue

4


Summarise the properties of the following gases using the tables below

O2 H2 CO2 NH3 SO2 Cl2 Br2 NO2 H2O

Gases according to their colours

Colour of gas Identity of gas

Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown

Gases according to their odour

Odour of gas Identity of gas

Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5

Gases according to their effect on moist litmus

Effect on moist litmus Type of gas

(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red

Blue to red then bleaches it

6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2

TOPIC Qualitative Analysis ndash Identification of anions

Effect of heating

Method Heat a sample of the solid in a dry test tube

Effect of heating

Observation Anion Explanation

Carbon dioxide evolved CO32- (or HCO3

-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)

Oxygen evolved NO3- of K or Na 2 NO3

- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved

NO3- of Ca and below

in reactivity series

4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)

Sulphur dioxide evolved SO32- SO3

2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)

Effect of dilute acid

Add dilute hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to a sample of the solid Warm if no reaction occurs

when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7

Effect of concentrated acid

Add concentrated sulphuric acid to a sample of the solid Warm if not reaction occurs when cold

Effect of concentrated sulphuric acid

Observation Anion

Carbon dioxide evolved CO32- or HCO3

-

Sulphur dioxide evolved SO3-

Hydrogen chloride evolved Cl-

Hydrogen bromide (colourless) and bromine

vapour (brown) evolved

Br-

Black iodine present and purple iodine vapour

evolved

I-

8


Identify the anion in different solids in each of the scenarios

Effect of heat on a solid

Observation Anion

Produces a gas forms a precipitate in limewater

Produces a gas which relights a glowing splint as the only gas

Effect of dilute hydrochloric acid on the solid

Observation Anion

Produces a gas which turns potassium dichromate from orange to green


Effect of concentrated sulphuric on the solid

Observation Anion

Produces a gas which forms dense white fumes with ammonia

Black iodine present and purple iodine vapour evolved

9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3


Test for the halides ndash using silver nitrate solution

Make a solution of the solid in dilute nitric acid Add a few drops of aqueous silver nitrate and

observe the precipitate Add ammonia solution and observe the solubility of the precipitate

Test for halides using silver nitrate solution

Effect of silver

nitrate solution

Anion Explanation Effect of aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate ndash

turns white in

sunlight

Cl- Ag+ (aq) + Cl- AgCl (s) Precipitate soluble

Cream precipitate ndash

turns yellow ndash green

in sunlight

Br- Ag+ (aq) + Br- AgBr (s) Precipitate slightly

soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate

I- Ag+ (aq) + I- AgI (s) Precipitate insoluble

Test for the halides ndash using lead nitrate solution

Make a solution of the solid in dilute nitric acid Add a few drops of aqueous lead nitrate and

observe the precipitate

Test for halides using lead nitrate solution

Effect of lead nitrate solution Anion Explanation

White precipitate Cl- Pb2+ (aq) + 2 Cl- PbCl2 (s)

Pale yellow Br- Pb2+ (aq) + 2 Br- PbBr2 (s)

Deep yellow I- Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- PbI2 (s)

10

Effect of barium nitrate or chloride solution followed by dilute acid

Make a solution of the solid Add barium nitrate or chloride solution and observe the precipitate

Add dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid warn if necessary and observe the solubility of the

precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation

White precipitate Precipitate insoluble SO42- Ba2+ (aq) + SO4

2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)

BaSO4 does not react with dilute acids

White precipitate Precipitate soluble ndash

CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)

BaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq)

BaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)

BaSO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq)

BaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

11


Complete the table below to show the inferences for the observations corresponding to the

respective tests

Test Observations Inference

Addition of AgNO3 (aq)

followed by aqueous NH3

Cream precipitate ndash turns

yellow ndash green in sunlight

Precipitate slightly soluble



White precipitate ndash turns

white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

(Ionic equation required)

Addition of Pb(NO3)2 (aq) Pale yellow

Addition of Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

followed by HCl (aq)

White precipitate

Precipitate insoluble


12


(a) The Caribbean islands are known for their many resources For example the ore of

aluminium is found in Jamaica and Guyana

(i) Briefly describe the extraction of aluminium from its named ore Include in your

description one ionic equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Although aluminium ore is mined in the Caribbean the extraction of aluminium usually

takes place in other countries Suggest ONE reason why it may be difficult to extract

aluminium in the Caribbean

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) An alloy can be described as a lsquomixed metal solutionrsquo Aluminium forms an alloy with

magnesium that is used to make an aircraft

13

Identify this alloy and suggest why it is better to use it rather than the pure metal in the

manufacture of aircraft

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) ldquoSome metals can be useful to man yet harmful to the environmentrdquo Comment on this

statement with reference to mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14


A group of students were given an unknown solid B and asked to identify it They performed a

series of tests and made some observations which are recorded in the table below Complete the

table by inserting the appropriate inferences

TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i) Place a small portion

of solid B in a test

tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of

distilled water stir

then filter Collect the

filtrate and divide it

into three equal

portions for use in the

following tests

(iii) To the first portion of

the filtrate from (ii)

add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate formed

Soluble in excess

15


(iv) To the second portion

of the filtrate from

(ii) add aqueous NH3

slowly until in excess


Insoluble in excess

(v) To the third portion


(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate formed


16


Dry ammonia gas can be produced in a school laboratory

(a) Identify TWO reagents that are necessary for the laboratory production of ammonia

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Two common drying agents used in the laboratory are calcium oxide and concentrated

sulphuric acid However calcium oxide is the preferred choice for drying ammonia gas

Explain why concentrated sulphuric acid is now used Include in your answer a balanced

chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) When gases are prepared in the laboratory there are three main ways in which they can

be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery

- Displacement of water

(i) What TWO other factors should be considered when choosing an appropriate method for

the collection of gases in the laboratory

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Identify ONE of the three methods that is best suited for the collection of ammonia gas in

the laboratory Explain why EACH of the other two methods would NOT have been

appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(d) Hence draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus which could be used for the preparation

of dry ammonia in the laboratory

Be sure to identify in your diagram

- where the reagents are placed

- where the ammonia is dried and

- where the ammonia is collected

18


(a) In solution two metals A and B form A+ and B2+ ions respectively Metal A displaces Fe

from a solution containing Fe2+ ions but metal B does NOT

(i) Arrange the metals A B and Fe in order of reactivity from LEAST reactive to MOST

reactive Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction between metal A and

Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Metal A is placed in a solution of copper (II) sulphate CuSO4 (aq) Write an equation for

the reaction State ONE observable change that will occur and explain why this reaction

takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(iii) For EACH metal A and B state ONE method that can be used to extract it from its

respective oxide Give a reason for EACH answer

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Metal alloys are often used for making objects found in our daily lives Name an alloy of

iron and state ONE of its uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20


(a) Many important biological processes in plants and animals depend on the specific roles

of certain metal ions

(i) Farmer Jones reaped a crop of tomatoes and reported that the yield was far below what

was expected Analysis of the soil revealed that there was a deficiency of magnesium

Discuss the importance of magnesium in plant health and explain how a magnesium

deficiency can result in the low yield of tomatoes

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) State ONE other metal ion which is important to plant health and state the result of its

deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21

(b) Many years ago car exhaust fumes were known to contain compounds of metals and

non ndash metals which could negatively impact both humans and the environment Identify

ONE metal and ONE non ndash metal whose compounds were present in car exhaust fumes

Discuss the effect of these compounds on human health and the environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Define lsquogreen chemistryrsquo and discuss the measures that have been taken to produce a

lsquogreenerrsquo automotive fuel

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22


Complete the table below by writing the observations for the tests carried out on a Salt S

Test Observation Inference

A sample of salt S is heated

strongly in a dry test tube

Moist red and blue litmus is

held at the mouth of the test

tube

An acidic gas is produced

Nitrate ions are present

To an aqueous solution of salt

S aqueous sodium hydroxide

is added gradually until in

excess

Zn2+ ions are present

23


(a) Metal alloys are often used in place of metals because of their enhanced properties

(i) Define the term lsquoalloyrsquo

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Name ONE alloy of aluminium and state its use based on one of its enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) A student conducted an experiment to investigate the reactivity of each of the following

metals (copper iron zinc and lead) by using solutionPs of their sulphate salts

The data presented in the table below shows whether a visible chemical reaction took

place when each metal was added to the four sulphate solutions

Key Visible chemical reaction took place

X No visible chemical reaction

CHEMICAL REACTION OF METALS IN SULPHATE SOLUTIONS

Sulphate solution Cu Fe Zn Pb

CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24

(i) State which of the TWO metals is more reaction Fe or Zn Give a reason for our answer

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Using the data in the previous Table deduce the order of reactivity of the four metals Cu

Fe Zn and Pb from the most reactive to the least reactive metal

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(iii) The student recorded the following observations from the reaction between the iron and

copper (II) sulphate solution

Observations Reddish ndash brown solid coating formed on the iron strip

Blue colour of the solution changed to dirty green

Account for the observations made from the reaction between the iron and copper (II)

sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(iv) Write an ionic equation including state symbols for the reaction between the iron and


______________________________________________________________________________

25

(c) Some metal compounds are health and environmental hazards

(i) Identify which of the metals used in the experiment in (b) is MOST hazardous to the

environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) State TWO harmful effects of continuous exposure to the metal identified in (c) (i) on

human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26


(a) Carbon is found in the form of diamond and graphite and is a main component in many

naturally occurring compounds such as organic matter and carbon dioxide gas

(i) State ONE way in which diamond differs physically from graphite

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) State ONE similarity between diamond and graphite other than they both contain carbon

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Carbon can react with a limited supply of oxygen to form carbon monoxide which can

negatively affect human health

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation including state symbols to show the formation of

carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) State TWO effects of carbon monoxide inhalation on the human body

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Jamal wants to prepare and collect a sample of carbon dioxide gas in the laboratory using

calcium carbonate

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation including state symbols for the laboratory

preparation of carbon dioxide gas from calcium carbonate

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Draw a clearly labelled diagram to show the arrangement of the apparatus and materials

that could be used in the laboratory to prepare and collect the carbon dioxide gas

(iii) State ONE use of carbon dioxide as it relates to the beverage industry

______________________________________________________________________________

27


A student conducts the following tests on a solid R and makes the observations recorded in the

table

Complete the table to show all of the possible inferences and write ionic equations where

indicated

TESTS PERFORMED ON SOLID R


A portion of R is dissolved in

approximately 6 cm3 of

water The resulting solution

is divided into equal portions

for Tests (1) and (2)

A colourless solution is

formed

(1) To one portion of Solution

R from above aqueous

sodium hydroxide is added

dropwise until in excess

heated

No precipitate

Upon heating a pungent

gas evolves which turns

moist red litmus blue

(2) To another portion of R

from above dilute nitric acid

followed by silver nitrate is

added dropwise This is

followed by the addition of

aqueous ammonia

A white precipitate is

formed

Precipitate dissolves in

aqueous ammonia


Suggest a possible identity of the solid R __________________________

28


Y is a mixture of two salts A student carries out a number of tests on a sample of Y The

observations are recorded in the table below You are required to fill in the inferences that can be

made based on the observations recorded

TEST OBSERVATIONS INFERENCES

(i) Heat in a test tube a small

portion of solid Y gently at

first and then strongly

Colourless gas evolved

with a choking odour


dichromate solution from

orange to green

(ii) To the remaining portion

of solid Y add 20 cm3 of

distilled water stir to dissolve

and filter Collect the filtrate

and divide into 3 equal

portions

Filtrate is pale green in

colour

(iii) To the first portion of the

filtrate from (ii) add aqueous

sodium hydroxide slowly

until in excess

A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess sodium

hydroxide

Ionic equation required

29


(iv) To the second portion of

the filtrate from (ii) add

aqueous silver nitrate

followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

(v) To the third portion of the


barium nitrate followed by

aqueous hydrochloric acid


Precipitate readily

dissolves in aqueous

hydrochloric acid with the

evolution of a colourless

gas with a choking smell

30


A student conducts a number of tests on an aqueous solution of Compound X The observations

made are recorded in the table below Complete the table by filling in the inferences that could

be made based on the observations recorded


To a sample of a solution of

X dilute nitric acid is added

followed by a few drops of

silver nitrate solution

A white precipitate

which went grey black

in light was formed

(Ionic equation is required)


X aqueous sodium hydroxide

is added until in excess

A pale blue gelatinous

precipitate is formed

which is insoluble in

excess


X a few drops of acidified

aqueous potassium

manganate (VII) solution

were added and the solution

heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)

solution is decolourised


X a few drops of barium

chloride followed by dilute

hydrochloric acid were added

A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31


Complete the table below for tests carried out on a solid Q


(i) To solid Q add water stir

filter and then divide the

filtrate into four portions

Retain and dry the residue for

test (vi) below

(ii) To the first portion of the

filtrate from (i) above add

aqueous NaOH until in

excess

Al3+ Pb2+ Zn2+ Ca2+ present

Al3+ Pb2+ Zn2+ present

(iii) To the second portion of

the filtrate from (i) above

add aqueous NH3 until in

excess

White precipitate

Precipitate soluble in excess

aqueous NH3

(iv) To the third portion of


add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate


(v) To the fourth portion of


add aqueous AgNO3


No observable change

32


(vi) To the dried residue from

(i) above add dilute HNO3

warm filter and then divide

the filtrate into two portions

Vigorous effervescence

observed upon addition of

dilute HNO3

Gas evolved turns lime water

cloudy

(vii) To the first portion of

the filtrate from (vi) above

add aqueous NaOH until in

excess

Cu2+ ions present


(viii) To the second portion of



excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34






Colourless O2 H2 CO2 NH3 SO2 H2O

Yellow ndash green Cl2

Red ndash brown Br2 NO2



Odourless O2 H2 CO2 H2O

Pungent smell NH3

Choking smell SO2 Cl2 Br2

Irritating smell NO2



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect Neutral O2 H2 H2O

Red to blue Alkaline NH3

Blue to red Acidic CO2 SO2 NO2

Blue to red then bleaches it Acidic Cl2 Br2

35




Observation Anion

Produces a gas forms a precipitate in limewater CO32- (or HCO3

-) not

of K or Na

Produces a gas which relights a glowing splint as the only gas NO3- of K or Na


Observation Anion

Produces a gas which turns potassium dichromate from orange to green SO32-


-)


Observation Anion

Produces a gas which forms dense white fumes with ammonia Cl-

Black iodine present and purple iodine vapour evolved I-

36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-

Ag+ (aq) + Cl- AgCl (s)


Addition of Pb(NO3)2 (aq) Pale yellow Br-



White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)

The ore bauxite is purified

The purified bauxite is dissolved in molten cryolite

The aluminium oxidecryolite solution is then eletrolysed

Equation at the cathode Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)

Equation at the anode 2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)

(ii) The process is too expensive mainly because too much electricity or energy is needed

(b) The alloy of Al and Mg is magnalium It is less dense than the pure metals and hence allow

aircraft to be lighter It is also stronger than the pure metals and hence allows aircraft to last

longer since it is not easily destroyed

(c) Your answer should cater for the following aspects

Benefits of mercury to humans for example in thermometers barometers in dentistry

and gold mining

Entry of mercury to the environment For example this could have been through broken

thermometers barometers or lightbulbs or improper disposal of them or batteries and

indiscriminate use in gold mining in Guyana

The identification of a negative impact on the environment such as poisoned fish and the

persons who eat the fish death mood swings and psychosis

38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved

NO2 evolved OR nitrates

present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess

Pb2+ Zn2+ Al3+ or Ca2+

present

Pb2+ Zn2+ Al3+ or present

39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess


Pb2+ or Al3+ present



(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40


(a) an ammonium salt and a strong alkali

(b) Ammonia is basic and it will react with H2SO4

Equation 2 NH3 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq)

(c) (i) ndash Density of the gas relative to air ndash The solubility of the gas in water

(ii) Ammonia is collected by upward delivery

It cannot be collected by downward delivery since ammonia is less dense than air

It cannot be collected by displacement of water since it is soluble in water

(d)

41

WEEK 13 LESSON 1 Worksheet Answer

a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A

2A (s) + Fe 2+ (aq) rarr 2A+ (aq) + Fe (s)

ii) 2A (s) + CuSO4 (aq) rarr A2SO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

Observation blue colour fades gets lighter OR brown solid forms is deposited OR metal A

decreases in size dissolves

Explanation Metal A is higher (than Fe which is higher) than Cu in the reactivity series OR

Metal A is more reactive (than Fe which is more reactive) than Cu so Metal A can displace Cu

iii) Metal A can be extracted by electrolysis (of its molten oxide) because Metal A is a very

reactive metal is high in the reactivity series forms stable oxides needs a lot of energy to be

extracted and very reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis

Metal B can be extracted by heating with carbon carbon monoxide OR by chemical reduction

of the oxide because Metal B is less reactive than Fe is low in the reactivity series forms less

stable oxides does not need a lot of energy to be extracted and oxides of less reactive metals are

easily reduced

b) Alloy of iron steel

Use of alloy making buildings bridges ships motor vehicles furniture utensils

42


(a) (i)

Magensium is the metal ion found in chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis

A deficiency in magnesium will result in low chlorophyll yellow leaves and a reduction in

photosynthesis

Hence there will be low carbohydrates or energy production

Hence small fruits stunted growth and lower yield will result

(ii)

Metal ion Results of deficiency

Potassium Stunted growth premature loss of leaves yellowing of leaves curling of leaf tips

Calcium Growth abnormalities in tips of roots and shoots curling of leaves

Iron Yellowing of leaves

Zinc Low chlorophyll content yellowing of leaves

Manganese Yellowing of leaves poor flavors in some crops for example potato

(b)

Metal Lead is present in some types of gasoline Upon combustion lead compounds escape into

the atmosphere It accumulates in body tissues and slowly poisons the person It causes mental

illness

Non ndash metal SulphurSulphur dioxide or NitrogenNitrogen dioxide

Dissolves in rain water to form acid rain or cause respiratory illnessproblems Acid rain can

cause corrosion damage in buildings

(c)

Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or

generation of hazardous substances

43

Automotive fuels are now produced without lead so as to eliminate the release of lead

compounds into the atmosphere

Low sulphur fuel is being produced with much reduced sulphur content which causes a reduction

of sulphur dioxide release into the atmosphere

44








tube

gas turns litmus blue

red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate

precipitate soluble in

excess


45


(a)(i) An alloy is a material made from a mixture of two or more metals

(ii) Any suitable answer chosen from below

Alloy Enhance Property Use

Duralumin High strength

Low density

Light

Hard

Used to make aircraft bodies

space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability

Used in pyrotechnics

(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments

Used to make marine castings

Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant

Cladding for buildings

(b) (i) Zinc is more reactive than iron

Zinc displaces iron from iron (II) sulphate

Zinc is higher in the reactivity series than iron

Iron does not displace zinc from zinc sulphate

(ii) Order of reactivity Zn gt Fe gt Pb gt Cu

(iii) Reddish brown solid ndash copper metal formed

46

Dirty green solution ndash presence of Fe2+ ion

(iv) Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Fe2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

(c) (i) Lead

(ii) Any two correct harmful effects of lead on the body

Impedes brain development (in young children)

Affectimpede development of the immune system in humans

Affecthamper development of nervous system in humans

Long term exposure can result in kidney and liver damage

Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47


a) i) Diamond is transparent clear Graphite is opaque black

OR hard OR brittle

OR does not conduct electricity OR conducts electricity

a) ii) Both have a macromolecular giant molecular giant covalent structure (lattice)

OR Both have high melting point boiling point

OR Both are insoluble in water organic solvent

b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)

ii) CO reduction in amount of oxygen carried by (the haemoglobin in the red blood

cells of) the blood

Headache OR dizziness OR nausea OR fatigue OR loss of consciousness OR

death

c) i) CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) CO2 (g)

OR CaCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) rarr CaSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) CO2 (g)

OR CaCO3 (s) rarr CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

48

ii)

OR

OR

Entirely closed system thistle funnel below the level of the liquid OR tap that could be

closed

Two reagents labelled CaCO3marble chips and HCl H2SO4 or heat source

collection of CO2 upward displacement of air OR over watersulphuric acid OR in gas

syringe

iii) CO2 use put in aerated drinks carbonated beverages

OR put in carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present

Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) AgCl (s)


Suggest a possible identity of the solid R NH4Cl (ammonium chloride)

50






(i) Heat in a test tube a

small portion of solid Y

gently at first and then

strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified

potassium dichromate

solution from orange

to green

SO2 evolved

Presence of a sulphite

(ii) To the remaining

portion of solid Y add 20

cm3 of distilled water stir

to dissolve and filter

Collect the filtrate and

divide into 3 equal portions

Filtrate is pale green

in colour

Fe2+ ions present



aqueous sodium hydroxide


A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)




of the filtrate from (ii) add


White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia

(v) To the third portion of


aqueous barium nitrate

followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily


hydrochloric acid with

the evolution of a

colourless gas with a

choking smell

SO32- CO3

2- SO42- ions present

SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed

Chloride ions present









excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)


X contains a reducing agent





A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4

2- or CO32- ions are

present

SO32- ions are present

53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt

Ppt soluble in excess






excess

White precipitate

Precipitate soluble in

excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3


No observable change Cl- Br- I- absent






dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54



Gas evolved turns lime

water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present

Cu2+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt

ppt dissolves in excess

NH3 to give a deep blue

solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES

Hunte-King J Maragh P Nagir F amp Norris R (2013) Chemistry for CSEC United

Kingdom Nelson Thornes Ltd

Remy C Mason L Lambert N amp Mohammed M (2007) Chemistry for CSEC England and

Wales Pearson Education Limited

Taylor M amp Chung-Harris T (2010) CXC Chemistry England Macmillan Publishers

Limited

Tindale A (2016) Chemistry A Concise Revision for CXC London HarperCollins Publishers

Limited

2

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3


and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations





anions



anions




13

14

15

3



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

WEEK 1 LESSON 1







B C N O F He

Si P S Cl Ne

METALS

As Se Br Ar

Te I Kr

At Xe

Rn


4







(except mercury)





shapes)

Not malleable




metals


5




I Bromine

II Sodium

III Neon

IV Iron



I Chromium

II Carbon

III Iodine

IV Potassium




6



0C




II 75 Low Low Low


IV 1913 Low Low Low





Lustrous solid


High density


_______________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2




Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3










silver


Zinc Iron Copper

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

3



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

WEEK 1 LESSON 1







B C N O F He

Si P S Cl Ne

METALS

As Se Br Ar

Te I Kr

At Xe

Rn


4







(except mercury)





shapes)

Not malleable




metals


5




I Bromine

II Sodium

III Neon

IV Iron



I Chromium

II Carbon

III Iodine

IV Potassium




6



0C




II 75 Low Low Low


IV 1913 Low Low Low





Lustrous solid


High density


_______________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2




Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3










silver


Zinc Iron Copper

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

4







(except mercury)





shapes)

Not malleable




metals


5




I Bromine

II Sodium

III Neon

IV Iron



I Chromium

II Carbon

III Iodine

IV Potassium




6



0C




II 75 Low Low Low


IV 1913 Low Low Low





Lustrous solid


High density


_______________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2




Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3










silver


Zinc Iron Copper

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

5




I Bromine

II Sodium

III Neon

IV Iron



I Chromium

II Carbon

III Iodine

IV Potassium




6



0C




II 75 Low Low Low


IV 1913 Low Low Low





Lustrous solid


High density


_______________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2




Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3










silver


Zinc Iron Copper

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

6



0C




II 75 Low Low Low


IV 1913 Low Low Low





Lustrous solid


High density


_______________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2




Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3










silver


Zinc Iron Copper

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

7

WEEK 1 LESSON 2




Boiling point

0C

Density

g cm-3










silver


Zinc Iron Copper

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

8







Mass (g) 100 100 100




Density (gcm-3)



Density = 119872119886119904119904

119881119900119897119906119898119890


9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

9

WEEK 1 LESSON 3


Action of oxygen





Potassium K


eg 4 Na (s) + O2 (g) 2 Na2O (s)

Sodium Na

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al


eg 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Al2O3 (s)

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe


Copper Cu


10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

10




Potassium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Calcium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Magnesium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Aluminium + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

11

Iron + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Lead + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + Oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

12

WEEK 2 LESSON 1


Action of water


and hydrogen



oxide and hydrogen





Calcium Ca



Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

13





______________________________________________________________________________

Sodium + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Zinc + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

14

Iron + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Copper + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

Silver + WaterSteam

______________________________________________________________________________

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

15

WEEK 2 LESSON 2






gas








Iron Fe

Lead Pb


Silver Ag

16



hydrochloric acid


Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Copper

Silver

17

WEEK 2 LESSON 3







For example









18



corresponding acid








19

WEEK 3 LESSON 1






For example









20











21

WEEK 3 LESSON 2






For example









22




Metallic

carbonate


Potassium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Sodium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Zinc

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Magnesium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

Aluminium

carbonate

Hydrochloric

acid

Calcium

carbonate

Sulphuric acid

23

WEEK 3 LESSON 3








oxygen


oxygen




Sodium Na

Calcium Ca


eg 2 Pb(NO3)2 (s)


Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu



24



nitrates


Potassium nitrate

Sodium nitrate

Calcium nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

Aluminium nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Lead nitrate

Copper nitrate

Silver nitrate

25

WEEK 4 LESSON 1




dioxide



Potassium K


Calcium Ca




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu

Silver Ag Unstable

26



carbonates


Potassium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Aluminium carbonate

Zinc carbonate

Iron carbonate

Lead carbonate

Copper carbonate

27

WEEK 4 LESSON 2







Sodium Na




Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Copper Cu


28



metal hydroxides


Potassium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

Lead hydroxide

Copper hydroxide

29

WEEK 4 LESSON 3















Least reactive

Sometimes Sodium Na

Collect Calcium Ca


About Aluminium Al

Zoos Zinc Zn

In Iron Fe

London Lead Pb

Having (Hydrogen) H

Cute Copper Cu


Small Silver Ag

Gorillas Gold Au

1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3




and their compounds


environment

Chemical properties

of non ndash metals

8 Laboratory


Laboratory


Laboratory



and their compounds

Harmful effects of


their compounds on

living systems and

the environment



cations



cations

2

WEEK 5 LESSON 1




the metal salt



Explanation



salt zinc sulphate


colourless




the container



Ionic equation

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)


the reaction above

3



Mg (s) + Zn2+(aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Zn (s)









Metal Observation




Gold No reaction





4



sulphate solution


explain your answer


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5


following results


Y burns very easily




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6

WEEK 5 LESSON 2










Metal Observations

Silver No reaction








7





Copper

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver

Zinc



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



8

WEEK 5 LESSON 3



hydroxides




Procedure






avoid suck-back





your observations


are toxic

9

Results









10









______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11

WEEK 6 LESSON 1







to form atoms




become less stable






lead



12





900 0C




Al3+ (l) + 3 e- Al (l)


2 O2- (l) ndash 4 e- O2 (g)






13



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14

WEEK 6 LESSON 2


Extraction of Iron


a blast furnace




of the furnace



C (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH -ve



CO2 (g) + C (s) 2 CO(g) Δ +ve



Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2(g)


furnace




15





separately




converted to steel


16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17

WEEK 6 LESSON 3

TOPIC Alloys




are made up from


ALUMINIUM

-Duralumin

(AlMgCu)

-Magnalium (AlMg)

Alloys used in the

construction of

aircraft and ships

buses


making cooking

utensils electrical




for handling nitric

acid


density They are as

light as aluminium


corrosion than

aluminium

LEAD

-Solder (PbSn)

Alloy is used in

joining metals

(soldering)

Lead is used in

underground cables

plates in


melting point than

lead and is harder

than lead

18


accumulators shield


IRON

- Stainless Steel

(FeCONiC)

-Tungsten steel

(FeWC)

-Invar steel (FeNi)

Manganese steel

(FeMnC)


of a variety of

constructions

Steel is used in

cutlery rock drills

electromagnets

vehicle body and

engine parts fences

pipes etc

Steel resists



may be tough though


19



______________________________________________________________________________


from

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Uses

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20

WEEK 7 LESSON 1

TOPIC Corrosion


layer of oxide


















21



water









22



______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


to it

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23

WEEK 7 LESSON 2










of animals


animals







24



environment

Lead






Arsenic



Cadmium



contaminated soil

Mercury









25





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



Lead

______________________________________________________________________________

Mercury

______________________________________________________________________________

26

WEEK 7 LESSON 3




S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)

C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)



For example




Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)




hydrides

2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)






N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

27



ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)



For example

2 Mg (s) + O2(g) 2 MgO (s)

4 P (s) + 5 O2 (g) P4O10 (s)


H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)


28




______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

29

WEEK 8 LESSON 1







agent


Equation

2 H2O2 (aq) 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)


30





A suitable catalyst

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31

WEEK 8 LESSON 2







acid



32




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33

WEEK 8 LESSON 3





For example



CaCl2


34

11




The reagents

Drying agent



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35

WEEK 9 LESSON 1

TOPIC Uses of gases

Carbon dioxide







react by bursting

Oxygen






most metals



36




Gas Uses

Put out fires

Welding metals



Aerobic respiration

37

WEEK 9 LESSON 2









agent

Sulphur




Phosphorus




38

Chlorine




Nitrogen



Silicon



sodium carbonate



39












40

WEEK 9 LESSON 3


environment

Sulphur dioxide







Carbon monoxide




Hydrogen sulphide






sulphide

Oxides of nitrogen





41

Carbon dioxide



















the water




42

Solid waste






43




Sulphur dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Carbon dioxide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Oxides of nitrogen

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Hydrogen sulphide

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

44


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45

WEEK 10 LESSON 1







created





and the environment





when used










46













47





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

WEEK 10 LESSON 2



substances

Appearance








49


Method







Dropwise Excess







evolved on heating

ndash NH4+





hydroxide solution



hydroxide solution



NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (g) + H2O (l)

50





P _____________ Q ___________________

R _____________ S ___________________

R + NaOH

______________________________________________________________________________

51

WEEK 10 LESSON 3



Method






Dropwise Excess




Zn2+




Cu2+



52







solution

Confirmatory test




Confirmatory test


Add potassium

or sodium

iodide solution


No precipitate

Pb2+

Al3+

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)

53




A __________ B ________________ C ________________________


C _______________________


___________________________________________________________________________



54


55



sulphate solution


explain your answer


Answer







56


following results


Y burns very easily




Answer


X (s) + Pb2+ (aq) Xn+ (aq) + Pb (s)




Y burns very easily



Order of reactivity


57


1


Copper X

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silver X

Zinc

58



W ndash +

X ndash ndash

Y + +

Z + +

+ = Yes ndash = No



Answer





59









Answer


B rarrD rarrArarr C



60



from their ores



agent

Heating of the ore


Calcium Lead Gold

Magnesium Iron








61




Coke (carbon)







C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

C (s) + CO2 (g) 2 CO


iron

Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (l) + CO2 (g)





62





from



TWO uses of it

Enhanced properties

1 High strength

2 Low density

Uses



63




layer of oxide





will not take place




to it






64













65








Cl2 (aq)




66








67






acid




68




heated






69




Gas Uses






70












71









Reduces waste

Creates new jobs


Atom economy

72





P Cu2+ Q Fe2+

R Fe3+ S Ca2+


Fe3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)3 (s)

73






C Pb2+


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)



1



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

Topics per lesson

WEEK

LESSON

1 2 3





anions



anions




13

14

15

2

WEEK 11 LESSON 1




litmus


Oxygen

O2


effect


Hydrogen

H2


effect


present

Carbon

dioxide

CO2


blue to slightly

red


limewater

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)


continued bubbling

CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Ammonia

NH3


to blue (only

common

alkaline gas)



chloride gas



litmus


3

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

Colourless Choking

smell


red






orange to green

Chlorine

Cl2

Yellow ndash

green

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Bromine

Br2

Red ndash

brown

Choking

smell


red then

bleached


then bleaches it

Nitrogen

dioxide

NO2

Red ndash

brown

Irritating

smell

Acidic blue to

red


does not bleach it

Water

vapour

H2O


effect





4






Colourless

Yellow ndash green

Red ndash brown



Odourless

Pungent smell

Choking smell

Irritating smell

5



(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas

No effect

Red to blue

Blue to red


6

WEEK 11 LESSON 2


Effect of heating


Effect of heating



-) not

of K or Na

CO32- (s) O2- (s) + CO2 (g)


- (s) 2 NO2- (s) + O2

(g)

Oxygen and nitrogen

dioxide evolved



4 NO3- (s) 2 O2- (s) + 4 NO2

(g) + O2

(g)


2- O2- (s) + SO2 (g)



when cold




-) CO32- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)


2- (s) + 2 H+ (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

7




Observation Anion


-





Br-


evolved

I-

8




Observation Anion




Observation Anion




Observation Anion



9

WEEK 11 LESSON 3






Effect of silver

nitrate solution


ammonia


turns white in

sunlight




in sunlight


soluble

Pale yellow

precipitate










10




precipitate


Effect of

Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

or BaCl2 (aq)

Effect of HCl (aq)

or HNO3 (aq)

Anion Explanation


2- (aq) BaSO4 (s)



CO2 evolved

CO32- Ba2+ (aq) + CO3

2- (aq) BaCO3 (s)




SO2 evolved on

warming

SO32- Ba2+ (aq) + SO3

2- (aq) BaSO3 (s)



11



respective tests










white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble





White precipitate



12






______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



13



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame


(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess


Soluble in excess

15







Insoluble in excess



(ii) add aqueous KI



16




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




chemical equation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


be collected

- Upward delivery

- Downward delivery




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



appropriate

______________________________________________________________________________

17

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________







18






Fe2+ ions

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



takes place

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20








______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


deficiency

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22








tube






excess


23




______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________









CuSO4 X

FeSO4 X X X

ZnSO4 X X X X

PbSO4 X X

24


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________






sulphate solution

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________



______________________________________________________________________________

25



environment

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


human beings

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26





______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




carbon monoxide

______________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


calcium carbonate



______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________




______________________________________________________________________________

27



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate









aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia



28













orange to green






portions


colour




until in excess

A green precipitate


hydroxide


29





followed by aqueous

ammonia

White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia






Precipitate readily





30










A white precipitate


in light was formed








excess



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)






A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

31








test (vi) below




excess






excess

White precipitate


aqueous NH3



add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate




add aqueous AgNO3



32








dilute HNO3


cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present





excess

Cu2+ ions present

33


34












Pungent smell NH3





(acidic alkaline

neutral)

Identity of gas





35




Observation Anion


-) not

of K or Na



Observation Anion



-)


Observation Anion



36



respective tests







Br-




white in sunlight

Precipitate soluble

Cl-






White precipitate


SO42-

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)

BaSO4 (s)


37


(a) (i)












and gold mining






38








tube and heat

strongly using a

Bunsen flame

A reddish brown gas

evolved


present OR

Br2 gas evolved

(ii) Dissolve the

remainder of B in

about 10 cm3 of




into three equal


following tests



add NaOH solution

slowly until in

excess

White precipitate

formed

Soluble in excess


present


39






White precipitate

formed

Insoluble in excess





(ii) add aqueous KI

Yellow precipitate

formed

Pb2+ present

Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)


40









(d)

41


a) i) B ˂ Fe ˂ A













easily reduced



42


(a) (i)




photosynthesis



(ii)







(b)



illness




(c)



43





44








tube


red

brown gas






excess

white precipitate


excess


45






Low density

Light

Hard


space satellites

Magnalium Light

Hard

Easier to weld

Corrosion resistant

Strong

High ductability


(fireworks)

Mirrors

Aircraft parts

To make scientific

instruments


Alchlad Strong

Corrosion resistant








46



(c) (i) Lead






Mental retardation

Anaemia

Death

47



OR hard OR brittle





b) i) 2C (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CO (g)


cells of) the blood


death




48

ii)

OR

OR


closed



syringe



49



table


indicated









formed





heated

No precipitate




NH4+

NH4+ confirmed OR

NH3 (g) produced






aqueous ammonia


formed


aqueous ammonia

Cl- ions present




50









strongly

Colourless gas

evolved with a

choking odour

Turns acidified



to green

SO2 evolved









in colour

Fe2+ ions present





A green precipitate

Insoluble in excess

sodium hydroxide

Fe2+ ions present

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) Fe(OH)2 (s)






White precipitate

Soluble in aqueous

ammonia

Cl- ions present

51

followed by aqueous

ammonia




followed by aqueous

hydrochloric acid

White precipitate

formed

Precipitate readily



the evolution of a


choking smell

SO32- CO3


SO32- ions present

52










A white precipitate


in light was formed










excess

Cu2+ ions present



aqueous potassium



heated

The potassium

manganate (VII)







A white precipitate

is formed

The precipitate

dissolved in acid

SO32- SO4


present


53








test (vi) below




excess

White ppt







excess

White precipitate


excess aqueous NH3




add aqueous KI


Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) PbI2 (s)




add aqueous AgNO3








dilute HNO3

CO2 evolved OR

Carbonate present

54




water cloudy




excess

Cu2+ ions present


Cu(OH)2 (s)





excess

Blue ppt



solution

Cu2+ ions present

55



CHEMISTRY

GRADE 11

REFERENCES






Limited


Limited

topics per lesson

Documents