Location:

Zambia • The country

experiences a lot of rain.

• With two seasons; one a dry season that lasts a few months, and a wet season that lasts the remaining amount of the year.

• The country holds 13,460,305 people. • The average age is around 16.5 years old;

most communities live in places where there are no official roads.

• 86.8% of people over 15 can read and write English.

Country History: “The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched an anticorruption investigation in 2002 to probe high-level corruption during the previous administration. In 2006-07, this task force successfully prosecuted four cases, including a landmark civil case in the UK in which former President CHILUBA and numerous others were found liable for USD 41 million. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his Vice President Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a special presidential election in October 2008.” (CIA Fact Book)

http://www.shikanda.net/ethnicity/illustrations_manch/ETHNIC_ZAMBIA_EDITED.gif.gif

http://www.travelvisasexperts.com/userfiles/image/Flag/Zambia-Flag.gif

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html

• Floods occur many times a year, and insects like mosquitoes can multiply in these very moist areas.

• Most mosquitoes carry deadly diseases as well.

• Trash is thrown on the ground due the scarcity of trash cans in rural areas. • Trash can consist of broken bottles, chip bags, or food. • Protection from the elements is crucial because of the extreme exposure to unclean goods.

http://skmalawi.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/zambia-border-rain1.jpg?w=200&h=300

Zambia is a country defined by extreme poverty.

By 2000, over 70 percent of the population lived

on less than 1 dollar a day (the figure 10 years

before was 50 percent) and 64 percent of this

income was spent on essential food. This is in a

country whose public expenditure on health as a

percentage of GDP fell from 2.6 percent in 1990

to 2.3 percent in 1998, and where external aid

per capita fell from US$119.7 in 1992 to US$36.1

in 1998. In addition, the daily per capita supply

of calories fell from 2,173 in 1970 to 1,970 in

1997, and the daily supply of protein declined by

19.2 percent and fat by 27.1 percent over the

same period. Consequently, 3 in 5 of Zambian

children were malnourished by 2001. Along with

the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, these

factors have contributed to a declining life

expectancy for the average Zambian from 47.3

years in the early 1970s to 40.1 in the late 1990s.

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Afric

a/Zambia-POVERTY-AND-

WEALTH.html#ixzz1DTr10Vcu

Poverty Status:

©Davy Mellado

According to soles4shoes and organization that has distributed over 13 million pairs of shoes worldwide, shoes are a necessity of life that help prevent parasitic infections that affect 1.4 billion people. Over 300 million children go barefoot worldwide and risk cuts, scrapes, and burns which lead to more infection that isn’t always treated. Diseases and infections such as hookworm are 60 times as common in poor areas without shoes such as African and Southeast Asian countries. In America, shoes are for style and comfort, yet the majority of world lacks even one pair of shoes.

THE NEED

http://www.soles4souls.org/about/green.html

http://www.yournextshoes.com/2010/08/get-yourself-some-toms-and-give-a-pair-of-shoes-to-a-child-in-need/

http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Sept10/SigDonations.html http://www.worldvision.org/content.nsf/about/20101020-2010-TOMS-Shoes-World-Vision-Partnership http://www.thezambian.com/zambia/w/zambia/climate-of-zambia.aspx http://atdaybreak.wordpress.com/ In Zambia, over 600,000 children are left orphans because of AIDS. They are too poor to get all the basic necessities and tend to lack proper footwear. They need it to protect themselves from diseases. If these children are provided with shoes they will have many new opportunities. Not only is it very difficult for most children to walk the long distance to school without shoes, but laws ban children from attending schools without a uniform, which includes shoes. In order to protect these children and give them hope, they need basic life needs, including shoes. Also, people in Zambia experience a rainy season from November to April each year in which around 500 to 1400 mm of rain falls every year. This amount of rain is a hassle by itself. However, the additions of unpaved roads, poor gravel and soil composition, and the lack of decent drainage systems causes worse problems than just a lot of rain. A lot of mud is formed and standing water becomes a problem. Standing water provides homes for disease carrying insects and promotes the risk of hidden sharp rocks that children can cut their feet on. Zambian kids need waterproof shoes that will protect them from all this.

NEED FOR SHOES IN ZAMBIA

http://www.africaodyssey.com/zambia---when-to-go

http://hubpages.com/hub/Make-a-Pair-of-Homemade-Hurache-Sandals http://homemadebyjill.blogspot.com/2007/12/homemade-cloth-baby-shoes.html

Current Viable Solutions

-I liked this website because it gave a step-by-step tutorial on how to physically create your sandal. - The continuous string throughout the entire shoe would provide a simplistic way to create the shoe. - The way the string was cut with insert tab allows the user to create the shoe without having to do any gluing or sewing.

I liked these shoes because of the elastic band. Although it is not the waterproof material that my group desires to have, we believe that it is possible to incorporate the band into our shoe.

http://www.vibramfivefingers.com/index.htm

http://www.toms.com/?keyword=toms%20shoes&network=g&matchtype=e&mobile=&content=&search=1&gclid=CKmB-9GW9qYCFQNrKgodVhXFCw

http://www.hollowtop.com/sandals.htm

- I liked the Five Finger concept because it gave my group and I a visual image of ways we can shape the tire for the sole of the shoe.

- We liked how both sides of the shoe and the back heel were fastened with one strip that connected in the front.

o We would probably use a string instead of Velcro because it is more accessible to everyone.

- The single cloth material for the whole shoe looked like a great idea because it was simple, easy to make, and had been done before so we knew it was plausible. - We would use a waterproof material as the cloth because we are designing a shoe for people in wet areas.

- The slip on concept could pose as a problem because if the shoe get stuck in the mud it will slip right off (elastic band could fix this).

-These shoes are shaped like a sandal with the strap concept.

- The sole is a tire - It requires no glue or sewing.

(He cut the sole with tabs on the side and the tire as one continuous piece)

- The shoes are extremely comfortable - They added the tab at the back of the sandal to add support and make it more durable in wet conditions (like mud and puddles).

http://www.barefootrunner.com/2009/03/review-wateraqua-shoes/

- The button strap is a great idea because we could add it onto the general shape of the TOMS shoes and that would keep them from falling off.

o The buttons are easier to find then Velcro.

http://www.etsy.com/shop/netamir

http://www.asia.ru/en/ProductInfo/741093.html

http://www.shoesreviewss.com/2010/12/09/water-shoes/

- The water shoes are great because they are built to serve the same problem we are trying to solve.

- They are designed to be in water and will dry quickly.

- The gel-like bottom could be a good thing to use because it would provide maneuverability as well as durability.

- The overall shape of this shoe is very similar to the TOMS shoe, but the tightness of it would be great for keeping water out and their feet in.

http://www.muckbootsandshoes.com

- If we designed the shoe to have holes on the side it would allow the water to seep out and this would keep the foot dry while still protecting it from dangerous elements (i.e. rocks, glass, etc.)

The boot shape is great because it enable the users to go into deeper waters without having to worry about it seeping into the shoes. It will ultimately keep their feet dryer and we hope to incorporate a boot like shape into our product.

OUR PRODUCT MATERIALS

According to the Waterproof Store, these are the different classes of waterproof materials that most companies follow.

Class 1 – Water resistant for light rain or light splash applications. Product can be permeated by water in the following situations: prolonged water exposure, heavy top-down watering, forceful water pressure applications, or submersion.

Class 2 – Waterproof in top-down watering applications. The product can be permeated by water in any of the following applications: forceful water pressure, water injected from odd angles, or submersion.

Class 3 – Waterproof so tight it floats or can handle quick submersions. The product can be permeated by water in any of the following applications: prolonged submersion, submersions greater than 3 feet in depth, high water pressure applications.

Class 4 – Waterproof and submersible to at least 3 feet, but no more than 12 feet (maximum depth varies by manufacturer). This is the first class referred to as truly submersible. Suitable for underwater sports such as swimming and snorkeling, where great depths are not common. The product can be permeated by water in any of the following applications: submersion greater than manufacturers recommended depth rating, constant submersion longer than 24 hours, extremely high water pressure applications where seals could be damaged.

Class 5 – Waterproof and submersible to depths greater than 12 feet (often as much as 100 feet – varies by manufacturer). Suitable for any underwater sport of less depth than the manufacturer’s maximum depth rating. Common applications include scuba diving, snorkeling, search & rescue, and white water rafting. The product can be permeated by water in any of the following applications: depths greater than the manufacturer’s maximum depth rating or any physical force that could jeopardize the water-tight seal.

http://www.thewaterproofstore.com/wara.html

WATERPROOF MATERIALS

http://rasmuscatalog.com/cgi-bin/mnlist.cgi?rasmus110/category/ALL ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES -Flexible -Appearance -Durable -Abundant/easy to obtain -Cost effective (people use them anyways) -Waterproof

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES -Abundant -Easily torn/not durable -Appearance (multiple colors) -Will be material not used (hood) -Very Cheap -Small object to ship -Waterproof (until it rips)

Salt pellet bags such as the ones shown hold around 40-80 pounds of salt which is used in water softeners, saline pools, and to deice roads. After using the salt, these bags are gotten rid of.

SALT PELLET BAGS

Rain ponchos are available at most convenient stores and are used as light weight, compactable coats when one gets caught in the rain. Available in multiple colors.

RAIN PONCHOS

http://www.sz-wholesale.com/Search-Result/Rain-Poncho/

http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/03/car-tires-made-from-corn-sugar-cane-switchgrass-bioisoprene.php http://www.ehow.com/facts_4865860_what-car-tires-made.html info

INSOLES When one is walking feet go through two different stages.

Contact phase The foot is on the ground.

Swing phase The foot is in the air. The most damage is done to the foot when it is in the contact phase. Certain areas of the foot become strained over time such as the bottom of the heel, the back of the heel, the knee, and the balls of the feet. These stresses can be prevented by using an insole.

Car tires are durable and abundant. They are made from flexible steel and polyester cords and then encased by very strong vulcanized rubber. They should be changed about every 6 years, 10 at the most. They would be strong enough for people to walk on. They would provide a good outsole and support system for shoes.

CAR TIRES

http://www.altwoodpharmacy.com/scholl-orthaheel-insoles-and-gel-pain-relivers/scholl-orthaheel-sensitive-feet-orthotics-small.html

SOLUTION TO PAIN

LAYERS

Layered insoles help to reduce pain. Insoles such as Glidesofts use layers of low friction materials to create their insole. This is because when the foot presses down the top layer moves forward slightly as elastic bands stretch,and then when the foot lifts up it goes back to normal. This reduces feet pain because it reduces shear stress, or stress applied to a surface on a parallel plane.

http://www.orthofit.in/web/brands/vasyli/diabetic-insole/

SHOE SIZE CONVERSIONS http://www.zappos.com/c/shoe-size-conversion?gclid=CLve0r-E_qYCFQPsKgodEyMGaA

Amir, Neta. "Homemade Cloth Shoes Slippers and More by Netamir on Etsy." Etsy - Your Place to Buy

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<http://www.etsy.com/shop/netamir>.

Blogsdna. "Get Yourself Some TOMS and Give a Pair of Shoes to a Child in Need | Your Next Shoes."

Your Next Shoes - Footwear For Kids, Men & Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.yournextshoes.com/2010/08/get-yourself-some-toms-and-give-a-pair-of-shoes-to-a-

child-in-need/>.

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Feb. 2011. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html>.

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Feb. 2011. <http://www.thezambian.com/zambia/w/zambia/climate-of-zambia.aspx>.

Elpel, Thomas J. "Tire Sandals: Innovative Footwear Recycled from Old Tires." Thomas J. Elpel's Web

World Portal: Primitive Living Skills, Sustainable Living Skills, HOPS Press, LLC, Granny's

Country Store, Green University, LLC, Society of Primitive Technology, Wildflowers and Weeds,

Jefferson River Canoe Trail, Braintain Buckskin. Web. 04 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.hollowtop.com/sandals.htm>.

"Five Fingers." Vibram FiveFingers : Barefoot Sports Shoes : Toe Shoes & Minimalist Shoes. Vibram.

Web. 04 Feb. 2011. <http://www.vibramfivefingers.com/index.htm>.

"Get Comfortable. Get the Original." Muck Boots / Muck Shoes: Waterproof Garden, Fishing, Hunting,

Kids Size Available. 20 May 2005. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://www.muckbootsandshoes.com>.

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