Tour 12 “World Tourism” (Asia)

•Kryzygstan•CAMBODIA

•IRAQ•TURKEY•QATAR

•UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

•INDONESIA•INDIA•SYRIA

•KOREA, SOUTH

KRYZYGSTANGeneral Information on

Krygyzstan

Official Name: Kyrgyz Republic 

Capital: Bishkek

Government Type: Republic 

Population: 5.36 million 

Area: 77,181 square miles 

Languages: Kyrgyz (official), Uzbek, Russian (official), Dungun 

Geography Kyrgyz Republic, is a country

located in Central Asia.

Landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east.

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History

The Kyrgyz, a Turkic-speaking people, constitute a slim majority of the multi-ethnic population of Kyrgyzstan. The constitution enshrines Kyrgyz as the country's state language, although Russian continues to be used widely. Kyrgyzstan became part of the Russian Empire in the late 1800s. In 1924 it was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as an autonomous region, and in 1936 its status was upgraded and it became one of the 15 constituent republics of the USSR, officially called the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR). The republic was also commonly known as Kirgizia under Soviet rule, and Russians continue to call it that today. Kyrgyzstan became independent from the USSR in 1991. In 1993 the republic ratified its first post-Soviet constitution.

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Culture•Manas, an epic poem•Komuz, a three-stringed lute•Tush kyiz, large, elaborately

embroidered wall hangings•Shirdak, flat cushions made in

shadow-pairs•Falconry

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Ramcharitmanas“lake of the deeds

of Rama”

Culture

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Shirdak Falconry

Traditions In addition to celebrating the New

Year each 1 January, Kyrgyz observe the traditional New Year festival Nowruz on the vernal equinox. This spring holiday is celebrated with feasts and festivities such as the horse game Ulak Tartish.

Illegal, but still practiced, is the tradition of bride kidnapping.

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TourismOne of the most popular tourist destination points in Kyrgyzstan

is Issyk Kul Lake. Numerous hotels, vacation resorts, boarding houses

and sanatoriums are located along its Northern shore. The most popular

beach zones are in the city of Cholpon-Ata and the settlements nearby, such

as Kara-Oi (Dolinka), Bosteri and Korumdy.

The number of tourists visiting the lake was more than a million a year in 2006

and 2007. However, due to the economical and political instability in

the region, the number has declined in recent years.

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Some of the most popular locations for camping are southern Osh, the area between Naryn City and the Torugart pass, and the mountains and glaciers surrounding Karakol in Issyk-Kul. Local guides and porters can be hired from many tour companies in Bishkek and in the provincial capitals.

Skiing is still in its infancy as a tourism industry, but there is one fairly cheap and well-equipped base about a half-hour from Bishkek. The ski base of Toguz Bulak is 45 km (28 mi) from Bishkek, on the way to Issyk Ata valley.

Karakol Valley National Park

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FLAG•The 40-rayed yellow sun in the center of the

flag represents 40 warriors of the mythical hero Manas.

•The lines inside the sun represent the crown or tündük (Kyrgyz түндүк) of a yurt, a symbol

replicated in many facets of Kyrgyz architecture.

•The red portion of the flag represents peace and openness of Kyrgyzstan.

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Famous PeopleKyrg

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An ethnic Kyrgyz teenager girl from the Ulupamir village in the Van province, Turkey. 21.06.2009.

Bübüsara Beyşenalieva, ballet dancer, as shown on the Kyrgyz 5 som note.

Chinghiz Aitmatov – author

Orzubek Nazarov who won the bronze medal at the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Reno. He is a former WBA Lightweight Champion.

Flag Carriers JSC National Air Carrier "Kyrgyzstan

Airlines" It operated scheduled international and domestic services, as well as charter flights. Its main base was Manas International Airport, with a hub at Osh Airport.

An Tupolev Tu-154 in the newest livery of Kyrgyzstan Airlines in 2003.

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CAMBODIA

General Information on Cambodia

Official Name:   Kingdom of Cambodia

Capital: Phnom Penh

Government Type:  Constitutional Monarchy

Monetary unit: Riel

Population:  14.8 million

Area:  69,898 sq mi

Languages:  The Khmer language is a member of the Mon–Khmer subfamily of the Austroasiatic language group. French, once the language of government in Indochina, is still spoken by many older Cambodians.

Geography Located in the southern portion

of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.

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History The most famous period in Cambodia's history came from 900 to

1400 AD during the rule of the Khmer Kingdom. The Khmer Kingdom ruled the area and was Southeast Asia's largest empire for part of its history. Their capital city was Angkor where its possible more than 1 million people lived at the height of its power. There are many famous temples build here including the most famous Angkor Wat. In the 15th century the Khmer Kingdom collapsed and never regained its former glory.

In 1863 Cambodia became a protectorate of France. This continued for nearly 100 years until it gained full independence on November 9, 1953.

In the early 1970's Cambodia became embroiled into the Vietnam War. However, things got even worse after the war. A group called the Khmer Rouge took over led by a man named Pol Pot. They forced people into horrible work conditions and around 1 million Cambodians, around 12% of the total population, were killed.

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CULTURECam

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Sampeah (Cambodian greeting)

Angkor Wat or "City of Temples“ is  largest religious monument in the world

Various factors contribute to the Cambodian culture including Theravada Buddhism, Hinduism, French colonialism, Angkorian culture, and modern globalization. The Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts is responsible for promoting and developing Cambodian culture.

the most popular dine out dish, kuy teav, is a pork broth rice noodle soup with fried garlic, scallions, green onions that may also contain various toppings such as beef balls, shrimp, pork liver or lettuce. The cuisine is relatively unknown to the world compared to that of its neighbours Thailand and Vietnam.

Football (soccer) is one of the most popular sports, Western sports such as volleyball, bodybuilding, field hockey,

rugby union, golf, and baseball are gaining popularity. Volleyball is by far the most popular sport in the country. Native sports include traditional boat racing,buffalo racing, Pradal Serey,

Khmer traditional wrestling and Bokator.

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Bon Om Tuuk (Festival of Boat Racing), the annual boat rowing contest, is the most attended Cambodian national festival.

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Khmer Apsara dancers

The music of crooner Sinn Sisamouth and Ros Sereysothea from the 1960s to the 1970s is considered to be the classic pop music of Cambodia.

TourismCam

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  In 2009 there were 2,161,577 international tourists.

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Flag

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SymbolsMinistry of Education,

Youth and SportsPeople

Angkor Wat

Integrity, Justice and Heritage

Theravada Buddhism

BlueLiberty, Cooperation and Brotherhood

King

Red Bravery People

Famous PeoplePOL POT (1925-1998)Cambodian

communist who led the Khmer Rouge revolutionary group from

1963 to 1988.

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HUN SEN 65Cambodian

politician and dictator who

became Prime Minister of

Cambodia in 1985.

CHHET SOVAN PANYA 27Famous Cambodian pop singer

who made it to the top of Cambodia's music charts with

little to no self-promotion.

PISITH PILIKA (1965-1999)Cambodian actress and dancer who starred in over 60 movies and appeared in numerous advertisements throughout her lengthy career.

Flag Carriers

Cambodia Angkor Air is the national flag carrier airline of Cambodia, headquartered in Phnom Penh. It commenced operations on 28 July 2009. The airline is owned by the Cambodian government (51%) and Vietnam Airlines (49%), the latter allowing for codeshare flights.

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IRAQ

General Information on Iraq

Official Name: Republic of Iraq

Capital: Bhagdad

Government Type: Federal, Parliamentary, Constitutional republic

Monetary unit: Iraqi Dinar

Population: 2012 estimate 31,129,225

Area:  169,234 sq mi

Languages: Arabic Kurdish

GEOGRAPHY

Iraq borders Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia

to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the

west.

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HISTORY

From earliest times Iraq was known as Mesopotamia—the land between the rivers—for it embraces a large part of the alluvial plains of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

An advanced civilization existed in this area by 4000 B.C. Sometime after 2000 B.C., the land became the center of the ancient Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Mesopotamia was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in 538 B.C. and by Alexander in 331 B.C. After an Arab conquest in 637–640, Baghdad became the capital of the ruling caliphate. The country was pillaged by the Mongols in 1258, and during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries was the object of Turkish and Persian competition.

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CULTURE Iraq is known primarily for its rich maqam The National Theatre of Iraq was looted during

the 2003 invasion, but efforts are underway to restore it. Some important cultural institutions in the capital include the Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra – rehearsals and performances were briefly interrupted during the Occupation of Iraq but have since returned to normal.

there were a period of significant growth in the broadcast media in Iraq. Immediately, and the ban on satellite dishes is no longer in place.

Some characteristic ingredients of Iraqi cuisine include – vegetables.

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TOURISM

Babylon

Ali Baba Square

Arch of Ctesiphon

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Baghdad Bazaars

•Despite the fact that Iraq lies in ruins as a result of modern

violence, it is still a beautiful ancient city. Since the war,

security has increased to quite an extent. There are many tourist

attractions in Iraq for those who are willing to take the challenge

and risk of visiting Iraq. 

FAMOUS PEOPLE

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SADDAM HUSSEIN (1937-2006)

IBN AL-HAYTHAM (965-1040)

KADIM AL SAHIR 56

HUSSAM AL RASSAM 35

FLAGIRA

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The flag of Iraq has been in use since 1963, although the design has undergone many changes since then.

The current one uses three bands of red, white, and black as the background, with the takbir written on it in green.

FLAG CARRIER

IRA

Q Iraqi Airways Company, operating as Iraqi is the national carrier of Iraq, headquartered on the grounds of Baghdad International Airport in Baghdad. One of the oldest airlines in the Middle East, Iraqi Airways operates domestic and regional service. Its main base is Baghdad International Airport.

TURKEY

Monetary unit: Turkish Iira

Population: 2013 estimate75,627,384

Area: 302,535 sq mi

Languages: Turkish

General Information on Turkey

Official Name: Republic of Turkey

Capital: Ankara

Government Type: Unitary, parliamentary, constitutional republic

GEOGRAPHY Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the

west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea

is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which

together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia.

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HISTORY Anatolia (Turkey in Asia) was occupied in

about 1900 B.C. by the Indo-European Hittites and, after the Hittite empire's

collapse in 1200 B.C. , by Phrygians and Lydians. The Persian Empire occupied the

area in the 6th century B.C. , giving way to the Roman Empire,

the Ottoman Empire was not only one of the most powerful empires in the history of the Mediterranean region, but it generated a great cultural outpouring of Islamic art,

architecture, and literature.

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