tourism and conservation: the monteverde experience noemi danao, executive director monteverde...
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Tourism and Conservation: the
Monteverde Experience
Noemi Danao, Executive Director
MONTEVERDE INSTITUTE
September 2006
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What enabled Monteverde to become a premier tourist destination and
“poster child” for conservation and sustainable ecotourism?
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What is Monteverde?
• Monte Verde: political definition– District 9, Cantón (County) de Puntarenas,
Province of Puntarenas
• Monteverde: human community/settlement
• Monteverde zone: economic (agriculture, tourism), both sides of continental divide
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Monteverde: a cloud forest
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What makes Monteverde unique?
• Largest private reserve system in Central America (75,000+ acres)
• Density of biological diversity: 6 different life zones
• History, social/cultural context
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Monteverde: Foundings
Precolombian inhabitation by Corobiciaborigenes (related to Mayan culture)
1900 Guacimal Land Co. (Gold mines): workers came up in hunting trips
1920-29 Settlers in the Cerro Plano, Monteverde, Santa Elena area (providing crops and
supplies for the Mining Co.)
1940 12 farms in Monteverde area
1950 175 farmers lived in the Monteverde area
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Santa Elena in the 1950s
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Coming to Monteverde, April 19, 1951Coming to Monteverde, April 19, 1951Quaker SettlementQuaker Settlement
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Settling in Monteverde
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Early challenges
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Stabilizing economic and social structures
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Early Sustainability
• Forest preservation (watershed protection)
• Connection to the land
• Stable economic base (dairy, coffee)
• Social cohesion and support
• Cultural continuity
• Relative isolation (almost closed system)
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First Steps to Conservation
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Community Involvement
• Quaker community
• Productores de Monteverde (Dairy plant)
• Cooperativa Santa Elena
• Development Associations
• Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
• NGOs: Monteverde Conservation League, Monteverde Institute, civic committees
• Municipal Government (2003)
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Successes of Local Organizations
• Extensive land conservation and preservation
• Large scale reforestation
• Environmental education
• Community involvement
• Emergence of organizations that meet new needs
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Challenges that face the region
• Global climate change• National context • Tourism boom (and bust?) in Monteverde
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Increasing pressure on social, economic, and physical environment
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The changing Monteverde zone
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Population growth trends
360
1014
2166
3430
5507
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1986 1992 2002 2010 2020
Year / Año
Po
pu
lati
on
/ P
ob
lac
ión Monteverde Cerro Plano Santa Elena
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Challenges to sustainability
Cerro Plano, 1991Cerro Plano, 2001Cerro Plano, 2010Cerro Plano, 2020
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Traffic Projection: Cerro Plano 2001
Source: Sustainable Futures 2001
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Traffic Projection: Cerro Plano 2020
Source: Sustainable Futures 2001
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Monteverde: Closing Reflections
• Conservation – unintended road to tourism (and development)
• Monteverde: a cloud forest, a protected area, a story
• Challenges: living up to image, building on achievements, finding a sustainable balance
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Questions? Thank you!