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k|fSsyg Onfd pRrd"Nosf s[lif pTkfbgdf Voflt sdfPsf] lhNnf xf] . lrof, cn}++rL, cfn', cb'jf, clDn;f] oxfFsf d'Vo gub] afnLx? x'g\ . ;fy} b'w / b'whGo j:t'x?sf] pTkfbgdf klg of] lhNnf cu|0fL /x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] s[lif k|0ffnL / kz'kfngn] cfly{s ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . oftfoftsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ ls;fgx?sf] pTkfbgn] ahf/ kfPsf] 5 . jiff{sf] s]xL dxLgf 5f]8]/ ;a} ofddf lhNnfsf ;a} ufpFx?df oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf 5 . lzIff / :jf:Yodf klg u|fld0f hgtfsf] kx'Fr j[l4 ePsf] 5 oBlk ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf eg] lg/Gt/ 5Fb}5 . o'jfju{df jt{dfg cj:yf / eljiosf] ;d[l4df ljZjf; hufpg ;lsP /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? klg k|z:t} a9]sf 5g\ . jt{dfgdf g} o; lhNnfsf] k|ltJolQm cfo t'ngfTds ?kdf pRr /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] hLjg:t/ klg ;d[l4 pGd"v /x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df w]/} of]ubfg ug{;Sg] csf]{ cfwf/ ko{6g klg xf] . oxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{, ef}uf]lns ljljwtf, cg's"n xfjfkfgL, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] k|r'/tf / cflbjf;L tyf hghfltx?sf] df}lns ;+:s[lt ko{6sLo cfsif{0f x'g ;Sb5g\ . ;'Gb/ dflgPsf] l;+xnLnf kj{t>[+vnf / dxfef/t kj{t>[+vnf, ltgaf6 pTkÌ gbL k|0ffnL, u'd'Ss k/]sf lrofn] 9fs]sf 8fF8fx?, ljZjd} b"n{e Pj+ nf]kf]Gd'v hLj / jg:kltx?, ldx]gtL ls;fgx?n] u/]sf] s[lif / kz'kfng sd{x? cfGtl/s / jfXo h'g;'s} cfuGt'snfO{ nf]Eofpg] x'g ;Sb5g\ . cem oxfFFleq kl;;s]kl5 cg'ej x'g] df}lns / ldl>t hftLo ;+:s[lt / To;af6 lgld{t Onfd] ;Eotfn] cflTds cfgGb lbg;Sb5 . k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+ud Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf; / Joj;fosf] d"n cfwf/ x'g ;Sb5 . dgf]/d k|s[lt / dgf]xf/L ;+:s[ltaf6 cfly{s nfe lng ;lsg]5 . 3/–3/df /f]huf/L / cj;/x? k'¥ofpg ;lsg]5, cfly{s nfesf pkfox? ;d'bfodf k'¥ofpg ;lsg]5 . Onfddf ko{6g ljsf;sf k|z:t ;Defjgfx? 5g\ . s]xL :yfgx? ko{6sLo uGtJosf] ?kdf klxrfg eO;s]sf 5g\, s]xLn] /fli6«o Voflt kfO;s]sf 5g\ . s]xL jif{ otf w]/}n] klxrfg agfpFb} 5g\ . klxrfg sdfPsf / agfpFb} u/]sf uGtJox? s'g} h}ljs ljljwtf ;DkÌ, s'g} b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu k|l;4, s'g} kbofqfsf nflu pko'Qm 5g\ eg] s'g} wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts k|l;l4 sdfPsf 5g\ . xfn;Ddsf] cg'ejdf o; lhNnfdf cWoog cg';Gwfg, b[Zofjnf]sg, dgf]/~hg / wfld{s–;f+:s[lts kj{x?df ;xefuL x'g w]/} jfXo / cfGtl/s ko{6sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ . clen]v /fVg] Joj:yfsf] cefjdf oyfy{ ;+Vof, jx';+Vos ko{6s cfpg] df};d, a;fOsf] cjlw / ko{6ssf] ?rL Pj+ vr{ u/fO{sf] 9fFrf af/] s'g} cWoog ePsf] 5}g . ;fgf] cWoog ePsf] eP tfklg To;sf] kl/0ffd / ;'emfjnfO{ jf:tf ul/Psf] 5}g . xfn;Ddsf] cg'ejdf o; lhNnfdf kof{ ko{6g, s[lif–kof{ ko{6g, lrof ko{6g, wfld{s–;f+:s[lts ko{6g / dgf]/~hg ko{6gsf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . t/ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df kx'Frsf] cefjdf ck]lIft nfe lng ;lsPsf] 5}g . lhNnfl:yt ;a} :yfgx?sf] dxTj tyf kl/ro Pj+ ToxfF k|fKt x'g] ;/;'ljwf / kx'Frsf af/]df ljleGg dfWodaf6 /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{' klxnf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . Onfdsf] ko{6gsf] Oltxf; nfdf] 5}g . cl3Nnf] k':tf;+u obfsbf cfPsf s]xL ko{6ssf] :d/0f afx]s s]xL 5}g . d]nf kj{x?df cf;kf; / l5d]sL b]zsf dflg;x? cfpg] u/]sf] cg'ej eg] w]/} 5 . ;+:yfut ?kdf tTsfnLg lhNnf k+rfotn] @)@& lt/ Onfd ;b/, dfO{kf]v/L, cGt', lkmSsn / d+unjf/]df cltly u[xx?sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . oL cltly u[xx? cfhsfn w]/}h;f] lh0f{ / cGo k|of]hgdf k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ . w]/} klxn]b]lv wfld{s If]qsf] ?kdf dfO{kf]v/L / uh'/d'vL wfd k|l;4 /x]sf 5g\ eg] b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu cGt' k|l;4 5 . @)$* ;fndf cGt'df ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 b[Zofjnf]sg 3/sf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 Onfd klg ko{6g uGtJodf :yflkt eof] . tf/f ufpF ljsf; ;ldltaf6 cGt' / cf;kf;sf If]qsf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu cWoog eof] . g]kfn ko{6g af]8{n] klg cGt'nfO{ ko{6g uGtJosf] ?kdf klxrfg u/L w]/} sfo{qmdx? ;DkÌ ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn e|d0f jif{ !((* df Onfdn] klg s]xL sfo{qmdx? ;DkÌ u¥of] . o;} pknIodf cGt'sf] ;"of]{bo x'nfs l6s6df c+lst eof] . @)^) df …Onfd dxf]T;jÚ lhNnfJofkL ?kdf eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg eof] . …Onfd dxf]T;j @)^)Ú o; lhNnfsf] ko{6g k|j4{gdf dxTjk"0f{ cWofo lyof] . ToxfFb]lv cfh;Dd cGt'n] cf7f}+ k6s;Dd dxf]T;j ul/;s]sf] 5 . dfO{kf]v/L, l;l4y'Dsf, kfyLe/f, sGofd, uh'/d'vL / dfa' x'Fb} dxf]T;jsf] nx/ ;fskmf/f;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . lhNnfe/af6 cf–cfˆgf] :yfgdf ko{6sLo dxTj ePsf] bfjL eO/x]sf] 5 . oL :yfgx?df ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;Lldt eP klg nufgL eO/x]sf] 5, :yfgLo >f]t klg kl/rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . o;} qmddf Onfdn] cfˆg} >f]tdf ;'lsn'Daf ljdfg:ynsf nflu hUuf vl/b u/]sf] pNn]vgLo 5 .

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o; k|sf/ Onfd g]kfnsf] Pp6f /fd|f] uGtJo ePsf] 5 . of] bzsdf w]/} sfdx? eP, k|of; klg x'Fb} 5g\ . ko{6g o; lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] d'Vo cfwf/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; klg :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu :yfgLo:t/df ljljw sfo{x? x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . jt{dfgdf cfPsf] of] hfu/0fnfO{ ;dodf g} plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsof] eg] ;d'lrt pknlJw lng ;lsg] lglZrt 5, h;sf nflu Onfd:t/Lo Joj:yfkg u'?of]hgfsf] cfjZostf dx;"; eof] . u'?of]hgf th'{df kZrft ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a} kIfnfO{ of]hgfj4 9+uaf6 sfo{qmd lglZrt ug{ / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lhnf] x'g ;Sb5 . ko{6g u'?of]hgfnfO{ ljsf; of]hgfdf PsLs[t u/L lhNnfsf] j[xQ/ ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;} dxTjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L Onfd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;xsfo{df of] ko{6g Joj:yfkg u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . of] of]hgfdf Onfdsf ko{6sLo :yfgx?sf] klxrfg, ko{6g ljsf;sf ;d:ofx? / ltgsf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox? vf]hL u/L sfo{qmdx? th'{df ul/Ps]f 5 . clxn];Dd ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu ;/sf/L nufgL afx]s cGo kIfnfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ;+:yf / nufgLsf] ;'lglZrttf geO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf of] of]hgf s]jn sfo{qmdd"vL dfq ePsf] 5, lqmofsnfkd"vL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t/ o; of]hgfsf] cfwf/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 lqmofsnfk / nufgL lgwf{l/t u/L sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] lghL If]qnfO{ ko{6g Joj;fodf k|f]T;flxt u/L ;+nUg u/fpg' g} xf] . of] of]hgf th'{df kZrft ljz]ift ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f, ahf/sf] vf]hL / lj:tf/, o;af6 x'g] cfDbfgLnfO{ ;d'bfotx;Dd lj:tf/ u/L u/LjL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u x'g] lglZrt 5 . xfn Jofks x'Fb} u/]sf] ;z'Ns cltly ;]jf -xf]d :6]_ o;}sf] ;++s]t xf] . of] u'?of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] Ps sfo{bn u7g u¥of] . sfo{bnn] lhNnfsf] ;a} :yfg / ahf/x?df k'uL cWoog u/]sf] 5 . oyf;Dej :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx?sf] efjgf k|ltljlDjt xf];\ eGg] sfo{bnsf] clei6 lyof] . sfo{bnsf] of] sfo{n] lhNnfJofkL ?kdf ko{6g Joj;fok|lt cfsif{0f j[l4 ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ljsf; lqmofsfkdf glhsaf6 rf;f] /fVg] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] dfq} ;xeflutf /x]sf] sfo{bnn] d;f}bf u/]sf] of] of]hgf cjnf]sg / cg'ejdf cfwfl/t 5 . o;df Joj:yf ePcg';f/ ;dofg's"n d"Nof+sg / ;+zf]wg ub}{ nfg ;lsPdf of]hgfsf] nIodf cjZo k'Ug ;lsg] 5 . of] u'?of]hgf th'{dfdf ;DjlGwt ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo, ;+:yf / JolQmx?af6 oyfof]Uo ;xof]u ePsf] 5 . xfdL ;a} ;xof]uLx?df wGojfb 1fkg ub{5f]}+ . cGtdf, lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{df ;+nUg x'g kfPsf]df Onfd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 k|lt sfo{bnsf xfdL cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ . ko{6g Joj:yfkg u"?of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnko{6g Joj:yfkg u"?of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnko{6g Joj:yfkg u"?of]hgf th'{df sfo{bnko{6g Joj:yfkg u"?of]hgf th'{df sfo{bn

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g]kfnsf] k"jL{ ;LdfGt lhNnf Onfd w]/} klxn]b]lv g} o; If]qsf] k|d'v Jofkfl/s s]Gb| xf] . Onfd pQ/sf kxf8L lhNnfx?df t/fOsf] vfBfGg pTkfbg / ef/tLo pkef]Uo j:t'x?sf] cfk"lt{ / oL If]qx?sf s[lifhGo j:t'x? hl8a'6L / b'Uw kbfy{x?sf] lgsf;L Onfdaf6 g} x'g] ub{y] . d]rL /fhdfusf] lgdf{0fk"j{;Dd Onfd o; If]qsf] Jofkf/sf] s]Gb| g} lyof] . jt{dfgdf klg o; lhNnfaf6 lrof, cn}+rL, cfn', cb'jf, clDn;f] / b'Uw kbfy{x?sf] pNn]vgLo kl/df0fdf lgsf;L x'g] ub{5 . hl8a'6Lsf] klg lgsf;L a[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] Jokf/af6 Onfdsf] cfly{s cj:yf t'ngfTds ?kdf g]kfndf g} pRr /x]sf] 5 . @)@@ ;fndf Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 ;+u7Lt eO{ @)@$ ;fndf g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3;+u cfj4 eP kl5 lhNnfsf] pBf]u / jfl0fHo k|j4{gdf w]/} sfdx? ePsf 5g\ . o; ;+3n] pBf]uL Jofkf/Lx?sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f / k}/jL ug'{sf ;fy} lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df k|j4{gfTds sfo{x? ub}{ /x]sf] 5 . o; cGt/ut :yfgLo ahf/x?sf] Joj:yfkg, j:t'x?sf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f / k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ ub{5 . :yfgLo pTkfbgx?sf] lgof{t k|j4{g u/]/ ljb]zL d'bf| leq\ofpg] sfo{ klg ePsf] 5 . o; ;+3n] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3fsf] gLlt lgb]{zgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] / ltgnfO{ cBfjlws u/fpg] sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . o; ;+3sf ;Dk"0f{ k|of;x? /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] g} /x]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo:t/df lrof / cn}+rLsf] pTkfbg / u'0f:t/ a[l4 Pjd\ lgsf;L k|j4{gsf nflu uf]i7L / sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf u/L ls;fg, k|fljlws / pBf]uLx?sf aLr ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf d'Vo ahf/x?df Jofj;flos tflndx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L laqmo snf / cGo Jofj;flos ;Lk x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf] 5 .

o; ;+3sf d'Vo sfo{x? dWo] Onfddf ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; / k|j4{g klg xf] . Onfdsf ljleGg uGtJox?df ;r]tgfsf nflu k|lzIf0f, xf]6n Joj;foLx?sf nflu xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lzIf0fsf] ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{af6 :t/;'wf/df k|ToIf k|efj kl/]/x]sf] 5 . Onfd dxf]T;j @)^) sf ;fy} ljleGg :yfgx?df ePsf dxf]T;jx?df ;xk|j4{ssf] ?kdf ;+3n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf] 5 . ko{6g pBf]usf] ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu gu/kflnsf;+usf] ;xsfo{df ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] Joj:yfkg o; ;+3n] ul//x]sf] 5 . oL ljleGg sfo{x?sf] dfWodaf6 ko{6g pBf]unfO{ lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] d'Vo cfwf/ agfpg] nIf lnOPsf] 5 .

s]xL aif{ otf lhNnfe/ ufpF ufpFdf ko{6gsf] nx/ rn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 klg k|j4{gsf nflu nufgL eO/x]sf] 5 . lghL If]q klg ljleGg lqmofsnfksf] dfWodaf6 k|ToIf ;+nUg eO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ / lghL If]qsf] k|of;nfO{ of]hgfj4 9+uaf6 ;~rfng ug{ ;lsP Onfdn] 5f]6ff] cjlwdf g} ck]lIft nfe lng ;Sg] lglZrt 5 . oxL b[li6sf]0faf6 Onfd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] o; ;+3;+usf] ;xsfo{df Onfdsf] ko{6g Joj:yfkg u'?of]hgf th'{df ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . lg0f{o cg';f/ ;+3n] Onfdl:yt ko{6g lj1 / ;./f]sf/jfnf ;lDdlnt Ps sfo{bn u7g u¥of] . sfo{bnn] :ynut cjnf]sg tyf uf]i7L, cGt/lqmofsf ;fy} ljleGg dfWodx?af6 ;"rgf ;+sng u/L ltgsf] ljZn]if0f kZrft of] u'?of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . of] d:of}bf sfo{bn / ;+3n] lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L :jLs[lt / sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . of] of]hgfnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a} lgsfo, ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s sfof{Gjog ePdf ko{6g pBf]un] ult lnO{ Onfdsf] cfly{s ljsf;df 7"nf] c+z u|x0f ug]{ 5 .

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dGtJodGtJodGtJodGtJo xl/ofnLo'Qm Onfd emnSs x]bf{ hlt ;'Gb/ b]lvG5 d'n'ssf] k"jL{ ;Ldfdf cjl:yt of] e"–efu k|fs[lts ?kn] Tof]eGbf cem w]/} ;DkGg 5 . If]qkmnsf b[li6n] of] lhNnf ;–;fg} eP klg lsl;ld–lsl;dsf] e"–agf]6, leGgleGg ?ksf] w/ftnLo :j?k / ax'ljw hnjfo' tyf df};d ;d]6\g] ePsf] Onfd h}ljs ljljwtfdf w]/} ;DkGg 5 . To:t} w]/} hfthfltsf k/Dk/f / ;F:s[ltsf] ;ª\ud:ynsf] ?kdf /x]sf] Onfd ;fF:s[lts ljljwtfn] ;d]t el/k"0f{ 5 . o;sf/0f Onfd e|d0fof]Uo / bz{gLo 5 . o;f] x'g' eg]sf] g} ko{6sLo ;Defjgf xf] . Onfddf ko{6g ljsf;sf] k|z:t ;Defjgf ePtf klg o; If]qdf Onfdn] ck]lIft ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf ljljw sf/0f x'g ;Sb5g\ / tLdWo]sf] Pp6f ;+:yfut / of]hgfj4 kxnsf] sdL klg x'g ;Sb5 . aL;sf] bzssf] cGTolt/ ;+:yfut ?kdf s]xL kxn ePtf klg krf;sf] bzssf] cGTolt/ tof/ ul/Psf] Onfd lhNnfsf] k|yd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf dfq} ko{6g ljsf;nfO{ of]hgfj4 :j?k lbPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ To; of]hgfsf] klg sfof{Gjog kIf eg] pT;fxj4{s /x]sf] kfO+b}g . pk/f]Qm tYonfO{ g} Wofgdf /fv]/ lhNNff ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnfsf] bL3{sflng ko{6g Joj:yfkg of]hgf agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . ko{6g Pp6f pBf]u xf] / lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtflagf o:tf] pBf]usf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ dgg u/]/ of] of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] cu'jfOsf nflu lhlj;n] Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3;+u ;xsfo{ u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fe]mbf/L clxn] /fHon] cjnDjg u/]sf] ljsf; gLltsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+z klg xf] . h;sf] ;jfn p;s} cu'jfO eGg] clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljsf; gLlt cg'?k Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] klg lhNnfsf ljsf; lqmofsnfkx?df rf;f] /fVg] lqmofzLn :yfgLo a'l4hLjL tyf ;dfh;]jL ;lDdnt Ps sfo{bnsf] u7g u/L of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] xf] . pQm sfo{bnn] of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu cfjZos ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{ qmddf lhNnfsf ;a}h;f] uGtJox?sf] :ynut e|d0f u/L :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u u/]sf] cGt/lqmofn] lhNnfel/sf cfd gful/sx?df ko{6g ljsf;sf k|lt rf;f] hufPsf] xfdLn] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . o;sf nflu Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / ;+u;+u} sfo{bn wGojfbsf] kfq 5 . ko{6g ljsf;sf] If]qdf ljutdf ePsf] nufgLsf] k|jfxut Go"gtf / cfufld lbgdf klg To:tf] k|jfx / kl/df0fsf] ;+:yfut :j?k k|:6 gePsf] pNn]v ub}{ sfo{bnn] of]hgfnfO{ lqmofsnfksf] txdf gk'¥ofO{ sfo{qmd txdf 6'ª\UofPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f cfufld lbgdf ko{6gsf] If]qdf ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfk o;} of]hgfn] th{'df u/]sf sfo{qmd cg'?k agfpg' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ of]hgfn] lgb]{lzt u/]sf] 5 . of]hgfsf] of] efjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ :yfgLo lqmofsnfk th'{df / sfof{Gjog ePdf ko{6g ljsfdf ;xof]u k'Ug] lglZrt 5 . s'g} klg of]hgf cfk}mdf k"0f{ x'Fb}g, To;}n] To;sf] cfjlws ;dLIff, d"NofÍ ub}{ k'gM th'{dfsf] of]hgf rqm rNb5 . ko{6g pBf]udf k|ToIftM ko{6g Joj;foLsf] ;+nUgtf b]lvPtf klg o;sf] ljsf;df ;dfhsf ;a} kIf hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf ;a} lqmofsnfkn] ko{6gsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ . To:t} ko{6gsf] If]qaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfe klg k|ToIf ck|ToIf ;dfhsf] tNnf] tx;Dd k'Ub5 . To;}n] /fHon] ko{6gnfO{ ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] Pp6f /0fgLltsf] ?kdf ;d]t lnPsf] 5 . of] of]hgfn] Onfdsf] ko{6gsf] d'Vo cfwf/sf ?kdf k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltnfO{ lnPsf] 5 . To;}n] o;n] ;+/If0fdf a9L hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ;+/If0fdf cfwfl/t s'g} klg of]hgf lbuf] k|s[ltsf] x'G5 . ;fy ;fy} of] of]hgfn] ef}lts lgdf{0fsf cGo lqmofsnfkdf :yfgLo df}lnstf / ;f}Gbo{ kIfnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf ;d]t hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ko{6g / Jofj;flos s[lif g} Onfdsf] ;d'Ggltsf cfwf/ x'g\ eGg] s'/fdf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfjf;Lsf] Pp6} kfOG5 . To;}n] cfufld lbgdf :yfgLo lgsfosf of]hgfx? ot}lt/ nlIft ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;sf nflu of] of]hgf dfu{lgb]{zs b:tfj]hsf] ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . of] dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]h tof/L ug]{ sfo{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;+u ;xsfo{ ug]{ Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 tyf of]hgf th'{df sfo{bndf /xg' ePsf ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?df xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . ;fy} of] of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt k|ltj4 /x]sf] Joxf]/f ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df lgj]bg ub{5' . ----e"k/fh /fO{e"k/fh /fO{e"k/fh /fO{e"k/fh /fO{____

;efklt tyf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L;efklt tyf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L;efklt tyf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L;efklt tyf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L lhlj;sf] sfof{no, Onfd lhlj;sf] sfof{no, Onfd lhlj;sf] sfof{no, Onfd lhlj;sf] sfof{no, Onfd

-3_

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;fdu|L ;"rL

;fdu|;fdu|;fdu|;fdu|LLLL k[i7 ;+Vofk[i7 ;+Vofk[i7 ;+Vofk[i7 ;+Vof !, k|fSsyg!, k|fSsyg!, k|fSsyg!, k|fSsyg -s–v_ @, Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] egfO@, Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] egfO@, Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] egfO@, Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] egfO u #, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfdsf] dGtJo#, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfdsf] dGtJo#, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfdsf] dGtJo#, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfdsf] dGtJo 3 $, Onfdsf] gS;f$, Onfdsf] gS;f$, Onfdsf] gS;f$, Onfdsf] gS;f ª %, Onfdsf] gS;fdf k|d'v uGtJ%, Onfdsf] gS;fdf k|d'v uGtJ%, Onfdsf] gS;fdf k|d'v uGtJ%, Onfdsf] gS;fdf k|d'v uGtJoooo r

^, Joj:yfkg of]hgf ^, Joj:yfkg of]hgf ^, Joj:yfkg of]hgf ^, Joj:yfkg of]hgf ----klrofTds_klrofTds_klrofTds_klrofTds_

-s_ e"ldsf !–@

-v_ Onfd lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro #–^

-u_ ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff ^̂̂̂–*

-3_ ko{6gsf] jt{dfg cj:yf *–!)

-r_ Onfdsf ko{6g pkhx? !)–!!

-5_ ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿ !!–!$

-h_ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / ko{6g ljsf; !$

-em_ ko{6g ljsf;sf ;d:of Pjd\ r'gf}ltx? !%–!^

-`_ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? !^

-6_ ko{6gsf] ljBdfg cj:yf ljZn]if0f !^–!&

-7_ Onfdsf dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo uGtJox? !*–#)

&, Joj:yfkg of]hgf &, Joj:yfkg of]hgf &, Joj:yfkg of]hgf &, Joj:yfkg of]hgf ----k|fljlws_k|fljlws_k|fljlws_k|fljlws_

-s_ bL3{sflng ;f]r, Wo]o, nIf, p2]Zo #!

-v_ lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? #!–##

-u_ ;dli6ut /0fgLltx? ##–#&

-3_ k|d'v laifout If]qx? #*

-ª_ ts{j4 9fFrfdf ;d:of ljZn]if0f, p2]Zo, glthf

tyf sfo{qmd #(–$(

1

cWofocWofocWofocWofo–––– !!!! e"ldsf

of]hgfsf] k[i7e"ldM k|fs[lts ?kn] ;'Gb/ Onfd cfuGt'sx?sf nflu cfsif{s /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . Onfdsf af/]df ;'g]sf / OnfdnfO{ b]v]sf ;a}n] Ps :j/n] o;sf] ko{6sLo ;Defjgf k|r'/ dfqfdf /x]sf] atfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ko{6gsf] dxTj a'em]sf Onfdaf;L klg cfˆgf] ;d[l4 ko{6gaf6} x'g;Sg] ljZjf; /fVb5g\ . t/ o;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ eg] ck]lIft?kdf x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o:t/df ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ;d]t OnfdnfO{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo uGtJo agfpg] s'/f ePtfklg To; lbzftkm{ vf;} k|ult x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;d]t ko{6g ljsf;sf] If]qdf pNn]Vo sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ko{6g ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lghL If]q ;d]t oxfFsf] ko{6g ljsf;df ck]lIft?kdf cu|;/ ePsf] kfOFb}g . o;f] x'gdf Ps sf/0f ko{6g ljsf; ;DaGwL k|:6 dfu{lrq ;lxtsf] of]hgf gx'g' klg xf] . k|s[lt / ;+:s[lt Onfdsf] ko{6sLo ;Defjgfsf b'O{ dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ :tDe x'g\ . t/ jg hËhnsf] ljgf;, clgof]lht k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf clgolGqt zx/Ls/0f h:tf sf/0fx?n] k|s[ltdfly lg/Gt/ cf3ft kl//x]sf] 5 . kfgLsf d'xfg tyf l;d;f/x? ;'ls/x]sf 5g\, e"–Ifo a9\bf] 5, gbLgfnf k|b'lift eO/x]sf 5g\ / h}ljs ljljwtfdf x|f; cfO/x]sf] 5 . k|s[ltdfly ePsf] o:tf] dfgj x:tIf]kn] dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo pkhsf ?kdf /x]sf] xfd|f] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf lbgfg'lbg 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . of] ;'Gb/tf 36\g' eg]sf] xfd|f] j}ejdf s6f}lt x'g' xf] . To;}u/L cfw'lgstfsf gfddf xfdLn] gSsn ug{ yfn]sf cflgaflg / Jojxf/n] xfd|f] e]ife'iff dfq xf]Og /xg;xg / vfgkfgdf ;d]t xfdLnfO{ otf g ptfsf] kfl//x]sf] 5 . o;/L Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ xfdLdfly b[Zo cb[Zo?kdf kl//x]sf] jfx\o ;fF:s[lts k|efjn] xfd|f] df}lns k/Dk/f / ;F:s[ltnfO{ g} lj:yflkt ug]{ t xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7\g yfln;s]sf] 5 . oL kl/b[Zon] xfd|f] ko{6sLo ;Defjgfsf cfwf/:tDe k|s[lt / ;+:s[lt ;ª\s6fkGg cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 eGg] 5n{Ë kfb{5 . o:tf] ;+s6nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ :yfgLo ;d'bfo g} ;r]t, ;hu / lqmofzLn x'g cfjZos 5 . ;+/If0f / hLljsf]kfh{gaLr cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw 5 . ;+/If0f;+u xfd|f] ko{6g ljsf; hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] ko{6gn] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] gofF If]q vf]Nb5 . g]kfn, ef/t / e'6fgsf ;+/If0f If]qx?nfO{ hf]8\g] ;Ldfltt h}ljs dfu{df Onfdsf] pQ/k"jL{ If]q klg kg]{ ePsfn] o; If]qdf ;+/If0fsf k|of; yflnPsf 5g\ . kl/0ffd:j?k To; If]qdf /]8kf08f nufotsf b'n{e jGohGt' b]vfkg{ yfn]sf 5g\ / ltgnfO{ x]g{ ko{6sx? To; If]qdf cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;+/If0f u/]/ ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ ;lsG5 / ko{6gaf6 :yfgLo ;d'bfon] lhljsf]kfh{g ug{ ;Sb5 eGg] tYonfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfon] :jLsfg{ yfn]sf] 5 . ko{6gsf] rrf{ Onfddf gofF xf]Og, / Onfdsf] ko{6g ;+/If0fd'vL x'g' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ @)%* ;fndf tof/ ul/Psf] dfO{kf]v/L / pQ/L If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf ko{6g ljsf; of]hgfn] k|:6\ofPsf] lyof] t/ To; lbzftkm{ s'g} sfd x'g ;s]g . Onfdsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf To;} ;fn th'{df eof] h;df ko{6gnfO{ dxTjsf;fy ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ToxL aif{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ko{6g ljsf; pk–;ldlt ;d]t u7g u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf] ;lqmotfdf @)^) ;fndf Onfd dxf]T;j eJotf;fy ;DkGg eof] . P; Pg le nufotsf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;+u ldn]/ Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf; of]hgf agfpg] k|f/lDes sfo{x? klg eP tyflk ljljw sf/0fn] Tof] k|lqmof cl3 a9\g ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . Onfd dxf]T;jaf6 pT;flxt dflg;x?n] lhNnfsf ljleGg uGtJox?df :yfgLo:t/af6 ko{6g pT;jx? dgfpg] sfo{ eO/x] . tL pT;jx?n] ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf nflu lgof]lht sfo{qmd cfjZos ePsf] tkm{ ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fO{/x\of] . s]xL uGtJox?df k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf gfddf :yfgLo:t/af6 ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{ s[lqd ePsf] / To;n] Onfdsf] df}lnstf lauf/]sf] h:tf l6Kk0fLx? ;d]t cfP . oL ;a} s'/fn] ko{6g ljsf; pk–;ldltdf ko{6g ljsf; of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu bjfj k¥of] / cfly{s aif{ @)^%÷^^ df To;sf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ah]6 ljlgof]hg u¥of] .

2

ko{6g ljsf;df cxd\ e"ldsf lghL If]qsf] x'g] ePsfn] To;sf] Jofj;flos 5ftf ;+u7g pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] ;f] of]hgf th'{df sfo{df cu'jfO ug'{ kb{5 eGg] pk–;ldltsf] cfu|xnfO{ Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] ;xif{ :jLsf/ u/L k|:tfljt of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf nflu Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;df rf;f] /fVg] :jtGq JolQmx? ;lDdlnt Ps sfo{ bnsf] u7g u/] kl5 ;f]xL sfo{bnn] ljleGg k|lqmof cjnDjg u/L of] of]hgfnfO{ o; ?kdf th'{df u/]sf] 5 . of]hgf th'{dfsf] p2]ZoM

1) Onfd lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt j:t'l:yltsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, 2) lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;f]r, Wo]o, nIf, p2]Zo / sfo{qmd -Vision, Mission, Goal, Objectives and Programs_ lgwf{/0f ug]{, 3) of]hgfn] kl/nlIft u/]sf nIf tyf p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ of]hgfsf] cg'z/0f ug{ lgb]{z ug]{ .

of]hgf th'{dfsf] ljlw / k|lqmofM o; Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf cfjZos ;"rgf k|fylds / ;DalGwt laifosf låtLo ;|f]tx?af6 ;d]t lnOPsf] 5 . pknAw eP;Ddsf ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?sf ;fy} :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPsf ;"rgfx?nfO{ klg ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf Jojl:yt pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu s]Gb|, lhNnf / :ynut txdf Jofks cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] 5 . ;du|df o; of]hgf th'{dfsf ljlw / k|lqmofnfO{ a'Fbfut ?kdf lgDgfg';f/ /flvPsf] 5M 1) of]hgf th'{df sfo{ ;DaGwL :yfgLo tLg Pkm Pd dfkm{t ;"rgf k|zf/0f u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu sfo{bnnfO{

;"rgf pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w, 2) ;"rgf ;+sngsf nflu uflj; ;lrjx?nfO{ tof/L kmf/fd ljt/0f, 3) ;DalGwt laifosf ;"rgf tyf ;fdu|Lx?sf] cWoog, 4) lhNnfsf :yflkt / ;Defljt ko{6sLo uGtJox?sf] :ynut e|d0f tyf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] b[li6sf]0f

;+sng, 5) of]hgfsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/L tyf k[i7kf]if0f dfu, 6) lhNnf:t/Lo e]nfdf d:of}bf k|:t't tyf 5nkmn, 7) /fhwfgLdf /x]sf Onfd] / ko{6g lj1x?aLr d:of}bf k|:t'lt tyf 5nkmn, 8) k|fKt ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z u/L of]hgfsf] clGtd ?k tof/ tyf Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3df k|:t't, 9) Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3af6 of]hgf k'l:tsf ko{6g ljsf; pk;ldltdf k|:t't, 10) pk–;ldltåf/f of]hgf :jLs[t tyf cg'df]bgsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z, 11) lhlj;åf/f of]hgf :jLs[t tyf cg'df]bgsf nflu lhNnf klifbdf k]z, 12) lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 of]hgf cg'df]bg tyf k|sfzg .

of]hgfsf ;LdfM 1) h'g;'s} of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ;DalGwt laifosf ;"rgfx? cfjZos x'G5g\ t/ Onfddf ko{6g ;DaGwL ;"rgfx?sf] Joj:yfkg gePsf] cj:yfdf sfo{bnn] cg'dfg, cjnf]sg, cg'ej / :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf;+usf] 5nkmnnfO{ cfwf/ u/]/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/]sfn] ;a} k|;ËnfO{ tYofÍn] k'li6 ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g, 2) lhNnfsf ;a}h;f] ufpFx?df ko{6sLo b[li6n] pNn]Vo s]xL g s]xL pkh 5g\, x'g;S5g\ t/ sfo{bnn] lhNnfdf rlr{t / s]xL ;DefJo uGtJo / pkhsf] dfq cWoog÷cjnf]sg ug{ ;s]sf] 5, 3) of] of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ljlgof]lht /sd ;Lldt ePsf sf/0f of]hgfd} lj:t[t?kdf ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{ sltko laifonfO{ o;n] lbzf lgb]{z dfq} ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . h:t}, ko{6gsf nflu k}bn dfu{x?sf] lrq tyf ljj/0f of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g' kg]{ xf] t/ To;sf nflu ul/g' kg]{ lj:t[t ;j]{If0f nufotsf sfd ug{ ;|f]t kof{Kt gePsfn] ;f] sfo{nfO{ of]hgfdf sfo{qmdsf ?kdf dfq} ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . 4) lhNnfdf xfn;Dd ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf If]qdf Jojl:yt / 7f];\ nufgL gePsf sf/0f To;sf] k|jfx kl/df0f olsg gePsf] / cfufdL lbgdf klg To:tf] nufgL ug]{ If]q lglb{i6 gePsfn] of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]t k|If]k0f ug{ s7Lg ePsfn] of]hgfnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] txdf ;Lldt u/L lqmofsnfk th'{df ul/Psf]] 5}g . ctM tL sfo{qmdnfO{ eljZodf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf pknAw ;|f]t cg'?k lqmofsnfk lgwf{/0f ul/g] ck]Iff of]hgfn] lnPsf] 5 .

3

cWofocWofocWofocWofo–––– @@@@ kl/ro

Onfd lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro cjl:ylt, l;dfgf / If]qkmn M pRr dxfef/t z[ª\vnf pb\ud :yn /x]sf rf/ gbLx? dfO{, hf]udfO{, k'jfdfO{ / b]pdfO{åf/f l;Flrt ePsf sf/0f ærf/vf]nÆ pk gfdn] ;d]t lrlgg] k|fs[lts?kdf dgf]/d lhNnf Onfd g]kfnsf] k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]q cGt/ut d]rL c~rndf kb{5 . of] lhNnf ljZj dfg lrqdf @^) $%Ú b]lv @&) )*Ú pQ/L cIfFfz / *&)

$%Ú b]lv **) !)Ú k"jL{ b]zfGt/ leq cjl:yt 5 . dxfef/t / l;+xlnnf kj{t z[ª\vnfsf] sfvdf /x]sf] Onfd lhNnfsf] k"j{df ef/tsf] klZrd a+ufn k|fGt cGt/ut bflh{lnª lhNnf, klZrddf df]/ª, wgs'6f / kfFry/ pQ/df kfFry/ / blIf0fdf emfkf lhNnfx? kb{5g\ . o; lhNnfsf] k"jL{ efudf cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldfgf kb{5 h'g ;Gbsk'/b]lv d]rL gbL;Dd d"Vo ?kdf kfgL 9f]nf] To;kl5 d]rL gbLåf/f 5'l§Psf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] s'n If]qkmn !&)# ju{ ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 eg] pQ/–blIf0f clwstd b"/L %*=$ ls=dL / k"j{–klZrd clwstd nDafO{ $*=@ ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 . Onfd ;d'b|L ;txaf6 !$) ld= df cjl:yt bf]d'vfb]lv #^#^ ld= df cjl:yt ;"of]{bo / lxdfnosf] dgdf]xs b[io b]lvg] k|l;4 ko{6sLo :yn ;Gbsk'/;Ddsf] prfOdf kb{5 . /fhgLlts ?kdf OnfdnfO{ tLg ;+;bLo lgjf{rg If]q, $* uflj;, Ps gu/kflnsf / !! Onfsfdf ljeflht ul/Psf] 5 . hfthflt tyf hg;+VofM

@)%* ;fnsf] /fli6«o hgu0fgf cg';f/ Onfd lhNnfdf s"n %$,%^% 3/w'/Ldf !,$),@*& dlxnf / !,$@,%#% k'?if u/L hDdf @,*@,*)^ dflg;sf] a;f]af; b]lvG5 . o; lhNnfsf] cf}ift kl/jf/ ;+Vof %=!* 5 eg] k'?if dlxnf cg'kft !=)! 5 . To:t} hg;+Vof a[l4b/ @=! k|ltzt 5 eg] hg3gTj k|ltju{ ls=dL !^^ hgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] u0fgfn] Onfd lhNnfdf nf]kf]Gd'v hghflt nfKrf nufot %% j6f hflt÷hghfltsf ;d"xx? /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 .

;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts cj:yfM

;+VofTds b[li6n] w]/–yf]/ ePtf klg Onfdsf ;a} ufpFdf ljljw hfthfltsf] ldl>t a;f]af; 5 . nfKrf / yfdL eg] Onfdsf] k"jL{ efudf dfq 5g\ . ldl>t a;f]af; ePsf sf/0f hftLo ;b\efj /fd|f] 5 . To;}u/L cGt/hftLo ljjfx klg k|rngdf 5 eg] n}lËs lje]b / hftLo 5'jf5't w]/} Go"g 5 . Ps hfltsf] rfxf8kj{df csf]{ hfltnfO{ klg af]nfpg] / l/t tyf uR5] cg';f/ ;Tsf/ ug]{ rng 5 . o:tf] lgDtf] dfGg hfFbf ;fdfGotM s]xL sf];]nL nfg] rng 5 .

hnjfo'M

lhNnfsf] blIf0fL e]udf /x]sf d}bfgL efu tyf r'/] pkTosfx?df u[idsfndf lgs} udL{ x'G5 . tfkqmd #% l8u|L ;]nl;o;eGbf dfly hfG5 eg] lxpFbdf lr;f] klg w]/} x'G5 . dWo kxf8L efudf ;dlztf]i0f -temperate_ xfjfkfgL /xG5 eg] pRr kxf8L efudf lgs} lr;f] x'g'sf ;fy} lxpF;d]t kb{5 . hnjfo'sf b[li6n] dWo kxf8L efu dflg;sf] a;f]af;sf nflu w]/} pko'Qm 5 . lhNnfsf] jflif{s cf};t aiff{ @#@) ldlnld6/ /xg] ub{5 .

h}ljs ljljwtfM

Onfd h}ljs ljljwtf (Biodiversity) sf b[li6n] w]/} ;DkGg lhNnf xf] . ;d'b|L ;txaf6 !$) ld6/ b]lv #^#^ ld6/sf] prfO;Dd km}lnPsf] lhNnfsf] e"uf]n / xfjfkfgLdf /x]sf] ljljwtfn] oxfFsf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL (Ecosystem), k|f0fL (Fauna) tyf jg:klt (Flora) sf] ljljwtfk"0f{ pkl:ylt /x]sf] kfOG5 . rf/j6f dfO{vf]nfsf hnfwf/ If]q / s~rgh+3f l;+xlnnf e"kl/b[Zo (Kanchenjunga Singaliala Landscape Complex) cGt/ut /x]sf] Onfd lhNnfdf ljZjd} b'n{e dflgPsf /]8kf08f -xfa|]_, yf/, WjfF;] lrt'jf, ;fns, r/Laf3, /fhk+vL, sfnf] efn', cf]t, clhË/, JjfF;f] nufotsf jGohGt', d'gfn, sfF8]Eofs'/, lu4, lrn, pNn',

4

lkp/f, x'lrn, l;ds'v'/f, sflnh, nfdk'5«], sNrf}+8], sfsfs'n, Zj]gafh, GofpnL, /fh wg]z, jgrfxf, e'F8Lkmf]/ u?8 nufotsf r/fr'?ËLx?, w]/} k|hftLsf k'tnL / ls/fx?, kfgLuf]xf]/f], kfxf nufotsf peor/x?, ljleGg k|hftLsf nfFnL u'/fF;, rfk, lrdfn, nf}7 ;Nnf, ;fn l;;f}, ;'gfv/L, un}+r] em\ofp nufotsf jg:kltx?, lr/fOtf], kfFrcf}n], ljif, ljVdf, kbdrfn, kfvgj]t, h6fd;L, 7"nf] cf]vtL, ;k{uGwf, vgSkf, jgd'nf, lrªlkmª nufotsf ;of}+ k|hftLsf hl8a'6Lx? kfOG5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm y'k|} k|hftLsf lkm/Gt] k|f0fL / jg:kltx? (Migratory Species) sf nflu Onfd pko'Qm jf;:yfgsf ?kdf /xFb} cfPsf]5 . Onfdsf] xfjfkgL / jf;:yfg cg's'n x'g' g} oxfF h}ljs ljljwtfsf] k|r'/ pkl:yltsf] sf/0f xf] . blIf0fdf t/fO{sf] xfjfkgL / pQ/df pRr kxf8L xfjfkfgLn] oxfFsf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL klg ljljwtfk'0f{ h}ljs cl:tTjsf nflu cg's'n agfOlbPsf]5 . Onfd lhNnfsf] csf]{ k|fs[lts ;Dkbf eg]sf] l;d;f/, tfntn}of / kf]v/Lx? x'g\ . lj=;= @)^% sflt{s dlxgfdf blIf0f sf]l/ofdf ;DkGg /fd;f/ dxf;GwLsf] (Ramsar Convention) ;Dd]ngn] Onfd lhNnfsf] k|l;4 wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo If]q dfOkf]v/LnfO{ g]kfnsf] dWo kxf8L If]qsf] klxnf] /fd;f/ If]q tyf b]zsf] gjf}+ /fd;f/ If]qsf ?kdf ;'lrs[t u/]sf] 5 . dfOkf]v/L If]q ljZj /fd;f/ If]qsf ?kdf ;'lrs[t eO;s]kl5 of] If]qn] ljZjJofkL klxrfg xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . of] If]qnfO{ wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts ?kdf dfq} geP/ jftfj/0fLo, h}ljs ljljwtf / ko{6sLo ?kn] lgs} ;d[4 If]qsf ?kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . Onfddf ePsf] cWoog cg';f/ lhNnfdf #( j6f k|fs[lts kf]v/L / tfntn}ofx? /x]sf5g\ . o:tf kf]v/L, tfntn}of / l;d;f/ If]qx?n] Psflt/ oxfFsf] h}ljs ljljwtf / jf;:yfgsf nflu 7"nf] of]ubfg k'/\ofO/x]sf5g\ eg] ko{6sLo cfsif{0fsf ?kdf ;d]t plQs} dxTjk'0f{ /x]sf5g\ . h}ljs ljljwtf / kof{j/0fsf] ;+/If0fdf Onfddf :yfgLo ;d'bfo, ;+3;+:yf, ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutf pNn]Vo /x]sf]5 . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f (Conservation) / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{g (Livelihood) sf] ;femf /0flgtLsf ?kdf ko{6g (Ecotourism) Joj;fonfO{ cuf8L a9fpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf k|z:t} 5 . cyf{t Onfd lhNnfdf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{gnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} n}hfg] dxTjk"0f{ dfWod ko{6gsf] ljsf; xf]

oftfoft tyf ;+rf/M

Onfdsf ;a} uflj;nfO{ df]6/ af6fn] hf]8]sf] ePtf klg aiff{ofddf w]/} ;8sdf ufl8 rNg ;Sb}g . d]rL /fhdfu{sf] ;'gdfO{b]lv /fFs] ahf/;Ddsf] (* lsld sfnf]kq] ;8s Onfddf kb{5 . To;sf cltl/St @% lsld hlt dfq} sfnf] kq] / afFsL ;a} sRrL ;8s 5g\ . cfufdL aif{;Dddf cGt' / d+unaf/]nfO{ klg sfnf] kq] ;8sn] /fhdfu{;Fu hf]8\g] 5 . /fhdfu{df 7"nf–;fgf a;, hLk / sf/x?sf] lgoldt oftfoft ;]jf pknAw 5 eg] sRrL ;8sdf hLkx? rNb5g\ . oxfFaf6 sf7df8f}+;Ddsf] /fqL a;;]jf ;d]t pknAw 5 . ;b/d'sfddf xjfO d}bfg lgdf{0fsf nflu hldg vl/b ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ck]lIft ?kdf d}bfg lgdf{0f sfo{ eP casf] b'O{ aif{df xjfO ;]jf pknAw x'g;Sb5 . Onfddf lhNnf x'nfs Ps, Onfsf P3f/ / rfln; cltl/Qm x'nfs 5g\ . lhNnfsf ;a} ufla;df 6]lnkmf]g ;'ljwf pknAw 5 . :yfgLo tLg Pkm Pd /]l8of] aHg] Onfdaf6 tLg ;fKtflxs / Ps b}lgs klqsf lgoldt k|sflzt x'G5g\ . OG6/g]6 ;]jf klg ufpF ufpFdf k'Ug yfn]sf] 5 . Onfd gu/kflnsf, lkmSsn, kz'kltgu/, d+unaf/], bfgfaf/L h:tf ahf/ If]qdf Sofan l6le pknAw 5 .

cfly{s lqmofsnfkM

Onfdjf;Lsf] d'Vo k]zf s[lif g} xf] . oxfFsf] s"n !&!&@% x]S6/ hldg dWo] !&)*% x]S6/ hldg v]tL of]Uo /x]sf] 5 . oxfF wfg, ds}, ux'F, sf]bf], kmfk/ / hf} h:tf cGgjflnsf cltl/Qm ljleGg k|sf/sf gub] jfnL pTkfbg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . OnfdnfO{ oxfF pTkfbg x'g] cn+}lr, cfn', cb'jf, cf]ng, clDn;f], csa/] v';f{gL, cyf]{8S; lrof h:tf gub] afnLsf sf/0f w]/} æcÆ sf] lhNnf eg]/ klg lrgfOG5 . Onfd g]kfndf lrofsf] cflb ynf] klg xf] . Onfd gu/sf] lrof jufg g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf] aufg xf] hf] !$) aif{eGbf k'/fgf] eO;s]sf] 5 . Onfd lrof sdfgsf] lrof sf/vfgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] cf}Bf]lus sf/vfgf xf] h;sf]] lgdf{0f lj ;+ !(@@ lt/ yflnPsf] lyof] . clxn] of] sf/vfgf hL0f{ / aGb cj:yfdf 5 . d+unaf/], lkmSsn, kz'kltgu/, gofFahf/ Onfdsf d'Vo xf6ahf/ tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| x'g\ .

5

Onfd ;b/d'sfddf ;/sf/L cw{;/sf/L / lghL u/L bh{gsf] xf/fxf/Ldf a}+sx? 5g\ . a}+lsË ;'ljwf lhNnfsf kz'kltgu/, lkmSsn, d+unaf/] h:tf Jojkfl/s s]Gb|x?df klg pknAw 5 . lhNnfsf ;a} ufpFdf ;d'bfo:t/sf art tyf C0f ;d"xx? 5g\ eg] ljleGg k|sf/sf ;xsf/Lx?sf] ;~hfnn] lhNnfnfO{ 9fs]sf] 5 .

:jf:Yo tyf z}lIfs l:yltM

Onfddf Ps lhNnf c:ktfn, Ps ;fd'bflos c:ktfn / Ps lghL c:ktfn ;lxt tLg k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, ;ft :jf:Yo rf}sL, #* pk:jf:Yo rf}sLx? / tLg cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwfnoaf6 dflg;n] :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpFb5g\ . ahf/ tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x?df cfjlws ?kdf ljz]if1 8fS6x?sf] ;]jf ;d]t pknAw x'g]u/]sf] 5 . ;a} uflj;df s'g} g s'g} ?ksf] vfg]kfgL ;]jf pknAw 5 eg] clwsfFz ;d'bfodf rkL{sf] /fd|} Joj:yf 5 . o; lhNnfdf :gftsf]Q/ tx;Ddsf] k9fO{ x'g] Ps ;/sf/L nufot rf/ SofDk;, #) pRr dflj / *) df ljx? 5g\ . ;a}h;f] uflj;df c+u|]hL dfWodsf slDtdf k|fylds tx;Ddsf ;+:yfut ljBfnox? 5g\ . Onfdsf] ;fIf/tf b/ &) k|ltzt a9L /x]sf] 5 . ;b/d'sfdM Onfd lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd Onfd gu/kflnsfdf kb{5 . of] gu/kflnsf @)!% ;fndf :yflkt ePsf] xf] . lgs} k'/fgf] ahf/ Onfdsf sf7n] ag]sf afb{nL / uf]ljGb] ;lxtsf 3/x?n] jf:t'snfsf] Ps ljlzi7 gd'gf k|bz{g ub{5g\ . oxfFsf] s'/fpgLaf6 ag]sf] ld7fO{ …aDa};gÚ v'a nf]slk|o 5 . Onfd ahf/af6 dflg;x? 3/fo;L k|of]hg / sf];]nLsf] ?kdf lrof, 5'kL{, aDa};g, nlnkk, csa/] vf];f{gL h:tf j:t' nfg] ub{5g\ . ;fpg ebf}lt/ cNk dfqfdf kfOg] Onfdsf] e\mofn] cfn' rlr{t 5 . Onfd lhNnfsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld tyf gfdfs/0fM Onfd ef}uf]lns÷k|fs[lts ?kdf slxn] cl:tTjdf cfof] eÌ] cWoog ;fob ePsf] 5}g . of] e"ldsf] cl:tTjsf] cWoog ug'{kbf{ ;DejtM 6]ly; ;fu/af6 lxdfnosf] hGd ePsf] 36gf;Dd k'Ug' kg]{ xf]nf . hd{g j}1flgs jfug/n] 6]ly; ;fu/af6 lxdfnosf] pTklQ sl/a ;ft s/f]8 jif{cl3]b]lv x'g yfn]sf] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} Onfdsf] pQ/df cjl:yt s~rghª\3f lxdfn sl/j kfFr s/f]8 jif{ klxn] / dxfef/t kj{t cGbfhL b'O{ s/f]8 jif{ klxn] cl:tTjdf cfPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;} k[i7e"lddf dxfef/t kj{t z[ª\vnfsf] sfvdf cjl:yt Onfdsf 8fF8fx?, rf/ dfO{ / tLgsf ;xfos gbLx?, h}ljs j:t'x? cflbsf] pTklQnfO{ x]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 . oxfFsf] k|s[lt ;[li6 ePkl5 of] e"lddf dfgj k'vf{sf] cfudg / ljsf; slxn] / s;/L eof] eGg] s'/f klg /x:od} 5 . o;/L P]ltxfl;s, ef}uf]lns, k|fs[lts, dfgjzf:qLo cflb cWoogsf] cefjdf Onfd slxn] cl:tTjdf cfof] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xh 5}g . ls/ft Oltxf; cg';f/ O{ZjLsf] !#)) jif{cl3 Onfd j+zL /fhfn] blIf0f–klZrd kl;{ofsf sfzL j+zL /fhfnfO{ ljho u/L ;bfsf lglDt b]zaf6 lgsfnf u/] egL pNn]v ePsf] 5 . hL= ho;]gn] World Ethnology from 6000 B.C. df pNn]v u/] cg';f/ kl;{of -xfnsf] O/fg_ sf] Onfd eÌ] :yfg tTsfnLg cj:yfdf ;Eotfsf b[li6sf]0fn] k|l;4 lyof] . ToxL+sf dflg;x? k"j{tkm{ nfuL ef/t cfOk'u]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L cfPsfx?n] gofF 7fpFnfO{ klg cfk\mgf] hGde"ldsf] ;Ddfgdf ToxL gfd lbPsf] x'g;Sb5 . xfn Onfd gfdfs/0fsf tLg dtx? k|rlnt 5g\ . klxnf], lnDa' efiffsf] O -3'dfp/f]_ / nfd -af6f]_ af6 Jo'TklQ ePsf] ljZjf; 5 . o; lhNnfsf] pQ/df cjl:yt dxfef/t kj{t z[ª\+vnf / l;+xlnnf kj{t z[ª\vnfsf ljleÌ :yfgaf6 Onfdsf rf/ dfO{ / ;xfos gbLx? pTkÌ ePsf 5g\ . ltgn] blIf0f aUg] qmddf s]xL vf]+rx? agfPsf 5g\ . o; lhNnfsf gbL k|0ffnLsf sf/0f ag]sf 8fF8fkfvfx? klg 7f8f le/fnf geO{ u'd'Ss k/]sf ;'Gb/ 5g\ . a:tLx? klg cGo :yfgx?df h:tf] gbL lsgf/df ga;L 8fF8fsf 6'KKffdf jf k]6df a;]sf 5g\ . Pp6f a:tLaf6 csf]{ a:tLdf cfjthfjt ug'{kbf{ 3'dfp/f] af6f] lx8g' kb{5 . o;}sf/0fn] oxfFsf cflbjf;L lnDa" hfltsf] efiffdf of] 7fpFsf] gfpF Onfd-3'dfp/f] af6f]_ /Xof] . Onfdsf] k|fs[lts ;+/rgf cg';f/ of] gfpF ts{k"0f{ b]lvG5 . bf];|f] dt cg';f/ csf]{ cflbjf;L nfKrf hfltsf] /f]+ª efiffsf] O -k'Tsf–df}/Lsf] Ps lsl;d_ / nf]d -p8]sf]÷a;]sf] 7fpF_ …Onf]dÚ af6 Onfd Jo'TklQ ePsf] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf of] hflt Onfdsf] dfOkf/sf kGw||j6f uflj;x?df dfq a;f]af;f] ub{5 . of] hflt df}/L kfngdf lgk'0f 5 . logLx?sf] df}/Lkfngsf] k/Dk/fut k|ljlw 5

6

.cfhsfn klg dlnd -k~rsGof uflj;_ / ;'ªt'ª -;dfna'ª uflj;_ df k'Tsf kfng x'g] ub{5 . of] If]qdf a:tL ljsf;sf] k|f/lDes cj:yfdf nfKrfx?n] htf;'s} k'Tsf p8]sf] b]v]/ Onf]d egL of] 7fpFsf] gfpF /fv] . kl5 zJbfGt/ x'Fb}hfFbf Onfd eof] . t];|f] dt …OnfÚ n] /fHo u/]sf] x'gfn] Onfd gfpF /x]sf] eÌ] 5 . >Ldb\efujt dxfk'/f0fsf] gjd\ :sGwsf] cWofo Psdf jl0f{t syf cg';f/ j}jZjt dg'sf] s'g} ;Gtfg gePsf] x'gfn] jlzi7 Clifsf] lgb]{zgdf pgn] ldqfj?0f o1 u/] . o1df dg'sL kTgL >4fn] 5f]/Lsf] sfdgf u/L xf]tfnfO{ 5f]/Lsf nflu cg'i7fg ul/lbg cg'/f]w ul/g\ . xf]tfsf] cfx'tLsf] kmn:j?k /fhfsf] OR5f ljk/Lt sGof pTkÌ eOg\ . sGofsf] gfpF Onf /flvof] . t/ /fhfsf] w]/} cfu|xkl5 u'? jlzi7n] ljz]if cg'i7fg u/L tL sGofnfO{ k'?ifdf kl/0ft ul/lbP . ltgsf] gfpF ;'B'Dg /Xof] . ;'B'Dg /fhf Psk6s lzsf/ v]Nb} pQ/tkm{ nfu] . Pp6f ;'Gb/ xl/0f nv]6\b} d]? kj{tsf] km]bLsf] jgleq k'u] . To;a]nf To; jgdf z+s/ kfj{tLsf ;fy ljxf/ ul//x]sf lyP . :j5Gb ljxf/ ul//x]sf a]nf dfgj cfefif kfO{ kfj{tLn] nfh dflgg\ . eujfg z+s/n] cfˆgL Kof/Lsf] cj:yf b]vL v'zL kfg]{ dg;fon] …d l;jfo hf] k'?if o; :yfgdf k|j]z unf{, Tof] :qL x'g]5Ú elglbP . eujfg +z+s/sf jrg yfxf gkfPsf ;'B'Dg / ;fy nfu]sf dGqL, ;]gf, 3f]8f jgdf k:g] lalQs} :qL ?kdf kl/0ft eP . ;'B'Dg k'gM Onf ?kdf kl/0ft eP . s]xL sfnkl5 Onf ?k ;'B'Dgn] k'gM jlzi7sf] ljz]if cg'i7fgaf6 eujfg z+s/nfO{ v'zL kf/] . eujfg z+s/n] k|;Ì eO{ cfˆgf] jrg ldYof ghfg] u/L OnfnfO{ Ps dlxgf k'?if / Ps dlxgf :qL /xg;Sg] j/bfg lbP . oxL Joj:yf cg';f/ /fHosf] kfng ug{;Sg] klg cfb]z lbP . ltg} Onf÷;'BDgåf/f zfl;t /fHo Onfd eof] eÌ] hg>'lt 5 . Onfn] eujfg z+s/ / kfj{tLsf] cf/fwgfdf u/]sf] ljlzi6 o1s'08df aiff{sf] kfgL hDdf eO{ kljq lty{:yn dfO{kf]v/Lsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] eÌ] hgljZjf; klg /x]sf] 5 . To; kf]v/Lsf] hn kljq dflgPsfn] sflt{s PsfbzLsf lbg :gfg ug]{ k|rng cBflk 5 . g]kfn PsLs/0fk"j{ o; If]qdf x'g] yl/yl/sf emu8f / o'4x? em]n]sf] Onfdsf] ;b/d'sfd ;'uf}nL ;GwLsf] zt{ adf]lhd gfu/Lu9Laf6 s/kmf]s ;¥of] . ToxfF b'O{ jif{ /xL ;b/d'sfd lj= ;+= !*&% df Onfd 8fF8f]df ;fl/of] . dfO{:yfg dlGb/ kl/;/df /x]sf] …lgzfgÚ To;s} k|tLs xf,] …vn+uf 9'ÍfÚ To;sf] ;fIfL xf] . lgzfg @)%( j};fv @^ ut] cfOtjf/sf lbg Onfdaf6 cGoq nluof] . cfhsfn klg vn+uf /x]sf] ;Ddfg :j?k Onfdsf] dfO{yfgdf bz}+sf avt cg'i7fg ug'{k"j{ s/kmf]sdf k"hf ug]{ k|rng 5 . To;a]nfb]lv Onfd g]kfnsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ k|zf;sLo lhNnfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] k|zf;lgs Joj:yf klg ljz]if If]qsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lyof] . Plss/0fk"j{ bz lnDa"jfgsf] Ps c+usf] :jzfl;t k|zf;gdf lyof] . To;kl5 klg lnDa"jfgs]f …/Lltlylt yfdL lbg]Ú u/L :jzfl;t If]q h:t} /Xof] . gfu/Ldf u9L /x]sf avt k|zf;g k|d'v ;'Aaf lgo'Qm ul/of] . klZrdsf ljlht k|b]zx?df ;'a]bf/ lgo'Qm x'g] u/]sf]df Onfddf ;'Aaf lgo'Qm x'g' dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . tTsfnLg k|zf;sLo 9fFrfdf ;'Aafsf] kb gful/s k|zf;gdf dflyNnf] dflgGYof] . gfu/Lu9Lsf] klxnf] k|zf;s ;'Aaf hoGt vqL x'g\ . pgn] ;}lgs k|zf;gsf ;fy} gful/s k|zf;g klg x]b{y] . ;'uf}nL ;GwLkl5 pg}n] s/kmf]s x'Fb} Onfddf ;b/d'sfd ;f/]sf x'g\ .

ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ffM cfw'lgs ;+;f/df ;j{q rlr{t ko{6g xfd|fnflu klg gofF laifo xf]Og . clxn]sf] ljZjdf ;a}lt/ ;a}eGbf a9L km:6fPsf] / lg/Gt/ lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] Joj;fo ko{6g g} xf] . ko{6gsf] yfngL / dfgj ljsf; qmdnfO{ ;+u;+u} /fv]/ x]l/G5 cyf{t\ ko{6gnfO{ dfgj ;Eotf hlt g} k'/fgf] dflgG5 . …ko{sÚ cyf{t\ rf/}lbzf / …c6gÚ cyf{t\ 3'Dg' ldn]/ ko{6g zAb rngdf cfPsf] dflgG5 . ko{6g a'emfpg] c+u|]hL zAb Tourism k|mfG;]nL zAb Tourisme af6 cfPsf] xf] . ko{6gsf ;DaGwdf ljZjsf ljleGg ljåfgx?n] ljleGg wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo ?kdf eGg] xf] eg] ko{6s To:tf] JolSt xf] hf] cfˆgf] lgjf; 5f8]/ cGo :yfg jf b]ztkm{ ljleGg p2]Zo /fv]/ e|d0f ub{5 . ljZj ko{6g ;+u7g -WTO_ n] s'g} JolStn] km';{b latfpg jf s'g} 1fg cfh{g ug{ jf s'g} p2]Zo /fvL cGo :yfgdf Ps /ft latfpF5 eg] p;nfO{ ko{6s eg]sf] 5 . ko{6sx?n] e|d0fsf] qmddf ug]{ ultljlwx? h:t} z}lIfs, Jofkfl/s, wfld{s, dgf]/+hgfTds, v]ns'b, :jf:Yo pkrf/ cflbsf nflu cfltYo ug]{ :yfgsf lgjf;Lsf tkm{af6 pgLx?sf] cfjZoQmf k"lt{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yf / To;af6 pTkGg x'g] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, cfly{s nufot ;+k"0f{ k|efjx?sf] ;dli6 ?knfO{ g} ko{6g elgG5 . cem ;/n ?kdf eGg' kbf{ ko{6sn] ug]{ cfly{s rl/qsf

7

;Dk"0f{ ultljlwx? cGo :yfgdf jf b]zdf ul/G5 eg] Tof] g} ko{6g xf] . o;/L ko{6ssf] ofqf / pgLx?sf] a;fO{af6 pTkGg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ;DaGw / 36gfx?sf] ?k g} ko{6g xf] . lu|;df klxnf] cf]nlDks v]n ePsf] aif{ -&&^ O{;fk"j{_ af6 ko{6g Joj;fosf] yfngL ePsf] dflgG5 . ;g\ !*$! Dff a]nfotsf yf]d; s'sn] cfw'lgs ko{6g Joj;fosf] yfnlg u/]sf x'g\ . pgn] :yfkgf u/]sf]] j]nfot l:yt yf]d; s's ljZjs} klxnf] 6«fen Ph]G;L dflgG5 . o;} Ph]G;Ln] klxnf] k6s %&) hgfsf] Ps ;d"xnfO{ a]nfotsf] Ps zx/af6 csf]{ zx/;Ddsf] ofqf u/fPsf] lyof] . g]kfndf ko{6sx?sf nflu ;g\ !(%@ af6 dfq} 9f]sf v'Nnf ul/Psf] xf] . To;sf] csf]{ aif{ ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(&@ df g]kfnsf] klxnf] ko{6g u'?of]hgf th'{df ePsf] lyof] . !((* df g]kfnn] klxnf] kN6 lelh6 g]kfn gf/fsf ;fy ko{6g k|j4{gsf If]qdf pNn]Vo sfd u/]sf] lyof] . o; aLr g]kfndf :t/Lo xf]6]nx? v'n] eg] ko{6g ;DaGwL tflnd rnfpg] ;+:yf klg v'Ng yfn] . xfn ko{6g g]kfnsf] k|fyldstfsf] If]q ePsf] 5 . ko{6gsf cfwf/e"t tTjx? -Basic Elements of Tourism_ ko{6g pBf]u eg]s]f ofqf;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg lqmofsnfk, ;]jf / Joj;fosf] ;fd'lxs :j?k xf] . ko{6g PSn} s]xL xf]Og . o;;+u ;DalGwt w]/} s'/fx?sf] of]ukmnaf6 g} ko{6g cufl8 a9\b5 . o;df ofqf;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?sf cltl/tm cGo y'k|}} s'/fx? klg cGtlg{lxt /x]sf x'G5g\ . ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf nflu o;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] ;dGjofTds e"ldsf /xG5 . t/, ko{6gsf nflu s]xL cfwf/e"t s'/fx? cTofjZos x'G5Gf\ . o:tf cfwf/e"t s'/fx? uGtJo:yn, oftfoft, a;f]af;, / ;/;'ljwf g} x'g\ . oL s'/fx?sf] cefjdf ko{6g c;Dej x'G5 . ko{6gsf oL cfwf/e"t cª\ux?nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ /fVg ;lsG5M !, cfsif{0f -Attraction_M ofqf dflg;sf] hGdhft u'0f xf] . ;Eotfsf] cf/Deb]lv cfhko{Gt dflg; lg/Gt/ ofqf ul//x]sf] 5 t/ ofqfsf k|]/s tTj Jff ofqfsf p2]Zo eg] sfnqmd;Fu} kl/jlt{t x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . b}lgs cfjZostf, wd{, Jofkf/ / 1fgsf] vf]hL, dgf]/+hg cflb cg]s p2]Zon] dflg;nfO{ ofqfdf ;+nUg u/fO/x]sf] kfOG5 . cfw'lgs ko{6gsf] k|fb'ef{jk"j{;Dd ofqfsf] k|]/s tTj cfgGb jf dgf]/~hg lyPg . t/ cfw'lgs ko{6gdf dgf]/~hg jf cfgGb k|d'v kIfsf] ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . ko{6gsf] Ps k|d'v tTj uGtJo:yn xf] . s'g} klg dflg;nfO{ ofqfsf nflu ljleGg s'/fx?n] cfsif{0f ul//x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf cfsif{0f g} ko{6gsf uGtJo x'g\ . ofq'sf cfsif{0fnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dn] kl/efiff ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;fdfGotM s'g} klg To:tf s'/fx? h;n] ofqLnfO{ s'g} vf; :yfgdf e|d0f ug{ cfslif{t ub{5g\, ltgnfO{ g} cfsif{0f elgG5 . cem :ki6 ?kdf eGg] xf] eg] cfsif{0f eGgfn] To:tf] :yfoL uGtJo:yn a'lemG5 h;n] ofqLnfO{ cfGfGb, dgf]/~hg, lzIffsf] cj;/ pknAw u/fpF5 jf p;sf] ?lr / ;Gt'li6 kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;3fpF5 . cfsif{0f ljleGg k|sf/sf x'G5g\\ . ko{6snfO{ tfGg] k|d'v kIf g} uGtJo xf] . @, kxF'r -Accessibility_M kx'Frn] uGtJo:yn;Dd ko{6snfO{ k'¥ofpg] eGg] a'emfpF5 . kx'Frsf] cy{ uGtJo:yn;Dd k'Ug] oftfoftsf ;fwgx? x'g\ . ko{6snfO{ cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] :yndf k'Ug oftfoftsf ;fwgx?sf] cfjZoQmf kb{5 . s'g} lglZrt ko{6g:yndf slt ko{6s cfp5g\ eGg] s'/f pQm :ynsf] oftfoftsf] ;fwgdf e/ kb{5 . o;}n] a9L ko{6s Nofpg kx'Frdf ;/ntf Nofpg' kb{5 . oftfoftsf nflu :yfg x]/L xjfO, :yn tyf hnoftfoftsf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . k}bn ofqfnfO{ klg Jojl:yt agfP/ uGtJonfO{ ;xh agfpg ;lsG5 . ko{6sn] s:tf] lsl;dsf] oftfoftsf] ;fwgsf] pkof]u ug{ dg k/fpF5 eGg] s'/f ofqfsf] b'/L / nfUg] ;do, ko{6ssf] :t/, ;'/Iff, ef}uf]lns l:ylt cflbdf e/ kb{5 . #, cfjf; Joj:yf -Accomodation_M cfjf; Joj:yf ko{6gsf] d'Vo c+u xf] . o;df pknAw ;'lawfx? ko{6g Aofkf/;+u ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . cfjf; la>fd;+u ;DalGwt x'G5 . h'g;'s} ko{6sn] pko'St cfjf;sf] rfxgf /fv]sf] x'G5, h'g ;'ljwf;DkGg / ;'/lIft x'g' kb{5 . :t/Lo cfjf; Joj:yfn] ko{6s ;Gt'i6 ePdf a;fO cjlw klg a9g ;Sb5 . a]nfotsf]

8

Development of Tourist Act sf cg';f/ cfjf; Aoj:yf eGgfn] xf]6n jf cGo To:tf Joj;fo a'lemG5, h;n] ofq'x?nfO{ /ft lj>fd ug]{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fP/ cfkmgf] Aofkf/ jf Jofj;fo ;+rfng u/]sf x'G5g\ . ;g\ !(^# df ;DkGg ePsf] ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf] /f]d ;Dd]ngn] klg cGt/f{li6«o ko{6gsf] k|j4{df cfjf; Joj:yfsf] dxTjnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . o; ;Dd]ngn] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/n] klg cfjf; Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . cfjf; Aoj:yf leq ko{6ssf] lj>fdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;a} k|sf/sf ;]jf;'ljwfx? ;dfj]; /xG5g\ . h:t} xf]6n, df]6]n, u]i6xfp; cflbsf ;fy} ef]hgsf] ;d]t plrt Aoj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . $, ;/;'ljwf -Amenities_M ko{6gsf] csf]{ cfwfe"t tTj ;/;'ljwf xf] . s'g} klg ko{6g :ynsf] ljsf;sf nflu ptm :yfg;Dd k'Ug oftfoft tyf ;f] :yfgdf lj>fd / ef]hgsf nflu xf]6nsf] ;fy;fy} cGo cg]s ;'ljwfx?sf] klg pltms} cfjZostf kb{5 . ;/;'ljwfn] ko{6ssf] ofqfnfO{ cfgGbbfoL agfpg cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg lsl;dsf ;]jf / ;'ljwfx?nfO{ hgfpF5 . vf;ul/ ko{6g:yndf ko{6ssf nflu lj>fd, ef]hgsf ;fy;fy} dgf]/~hg, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] pko'Qm ;'ljwf, v]n tyf b[Zofjnf]sgsf cj;/x? cflbsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . Pp6f ko{6sn] ofqfaf6 clwsflws cfgGb / ;Gt'Li6 k|fKt ug{ rfxG5 . dflg;sf] :jefj / ?lr cg';f/ pgLx?sf cfgGb / ;Gt'li6sf dfWod klg km/skm/s x'g;S5g . pgLx?sf] oxL rfxgfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ cfjZos s'/fx? g} ;/;'ljwf x'g\ . %, ahf/Ls/0f -Marketing_M

Dffly pNn]lvt ko{6gsf ;a} tTj ljBdfg eP/ klg ltgsf] hfgsf/L cGoq 5}g eg] ToxfF dflg;x? k'Ug

;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] tL s'/fx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ cfjZos x'G5 . o:t} Jojl:yt k|rf/ k|;f/sf] sfo{ g} ahf/Ls/0f xf] .

…af]Ng]sf] kL7f] laS5, gaf]Ng]sf] rfdn klg laSb}gÚ eGg] k'/fgf] g]kfnL pvfgn] cfw'lgs ahf/Ls/0fsf] dxTjnfO{

k|i6 kfb{5 . ko{6gsf] jt{dfg cj:yf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df x'g] ljleGg lx+;fTds 36gf / af/Daf/ eO/xg] g]kfn aGb, x8\tfn, tfnfaGbL cflbsf sf/0f j9\bf] c;'/Iffsf] l:ylt l;h{gf x'g uO{ ljut s]xL jif{b]lv g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]q g/fd|f]; Fu k|efljt ePtfklg l5d]sL ldq/fi6« rLgdf ePsf] cfly{s a[l4;+u} ToxfFaf6 g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpg]sf] ;+Vofdf ePsf] a[l4n] g]kfnsf] ko{6gnfO{ 7"nf] 6]jf k'u]sf] 5 . To:t} csf]{ l5d]sL b]z ef/tsf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf sf/0f ToxfFsf dWod juL{o kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/df ePsf] j[l4;+u} Totfsf ko{6s cfudgdf klg a[l4 x'g'n] g]kfnsf] ko{g ljsf;df of]ubfg k'u]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))* sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ ;f] jif{ hDdf % nfv ! xhf/ #%$ ko{6sx¿ g]kfn lelqPsf lyP . To; dWo] xjfO{ dfu{af6 # nfv &$ xhf/ ^(( hgf / afFsL ! nfv @^ xhf/ ^%% hgf :yn dfu{af6 k|j]z u/]sf lyP . Tof] jif{ ;a} eGbf a9L ef/tLo ko{6sx¿ g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 h; cg';f/ s"n ko{6s ;ª\Vofsf] sl/a !& k|ltzt cyf{t\ *@ xhf/ !^% hgf ef/tLo ko{6sx¿n] g]kfn e|d0f u/]sf lyP . (Arrival Report 2008) g]kfn k|j]z ug{] ko{6sx¿dWo] $) k|ltzteGbf a9L dgf]/~hg ug{] p2]Zon] cfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 / sl/a ^) k|ltzt cGo ljleGg p2]Zon] cfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . -cfly{s ;j{]If0fM cf=j=@)^#÷)^$_ xfn g]kfn ;/sf/n] ko{6g If]qnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . b]zdf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu g]kfn ko{6g jif{, @)!! /fli6«o cleofgsf ¿kdf dgfpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ko{6g aif{df !) nfv cGt/f{li6«o ko{6sx¿ g]kfn leœofpg], s'n cfudgsf] sDtLdf $) k|ltzt gofF ko{6sLo uGtJox¿df k'¥ofpg], yk nufgLsf nflu lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] h:tf kl/df0ffTds nIox¿ o; cleofgn] /fv]sf] 5 . -g]kfn ko{6g jf]8{_ jt{dfg ;dodf Onfdsf]] lrofjf/L, pGgt kz'kfng, gub]jfnLsf] If]qdf ePsf] k|ult, dgf]/d k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{, h}ljs ljljwtf, df}lns ;F:s[lt, ;fdflhs ;b\efj cflbsf sf/0f o; lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo ;Defjgf k|z:t 5 . k|j]zf1f lnP/ k|To]s jif{ %–& xhf/ ko{6sx¿ emfkf sfs8le§faf6 g]kfn k|j]z ug{] u/]sf] tYofª\s k|fKt 5 . (Poudyal: 2001) logLx¿ dWo] clwsf+znfO{ o; lhNnfsf] e|d0f u/fpg ;lsG5 . ljgf /fxbfgL g]kfn k|j]z ug{ kfpg] ;'ljwfsf sf/0f ef/tLo ko{6sx¿sf] kz'ktLgu/ / sfs8le§f gfsfaf6 x'g] k|j]zsf] cflwsfl/s clen]v k|fKt geP klg Ps cWoogcg';f/ s"n ko{6sx¿sf] $% k|ltzt ko{6s ef/tLo x'g] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 . -Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r M@)%*M ^&_ cGt'8fF8fsf] dfq ;du| lasf; ePdf ;g\ @))# df #%) ko{6sx¿n] To; If]qsf] e|d0f ug]{ h; dWo] !%) ef/tLo x'g], ;d'b|kf/af6 &% hgf / g]kfnsf cGo If]qx¿af6 !@% hgf x'g] cg'dfg ;d]t k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; dWo] @)) hgf @ /ft oxfF latfpg] / c¿ !%) hgfsf] Ps

9

lbgsf] a;fO{ cjwL /xg] 5 eGg] k|ltj]bgsf] cg'dfg 5 . /, x/]s aif{ ko{6sx¿sf] cfudg ;+Vofdf ( k|ltztsf b/n] a[l4 x'Fb} uO{ ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf !*)) ko{6ssf] cGt'df dfq cfudg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . (Poudyal: Op. cite) o:tf k|ltj]bgx?sf cfwf/df Onfdsf] ko{6sLo ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg . Onfddf ko{6g ljsf;M nfddf al:t ljsf; slxn]af6 eof] eGg] cWoog ePsf] kfOPsf] 5}g . k|f/Dedf ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, 3gf hª\un, lxª\;|s kz'sf] qf;, c;'/Iff cflb sf/0fn] Onfddf jfXo dflg;x¿sf] cfjthfjt sd} lyof] xf]nf eg]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . lnDa' tyf n]Krfx?sf] o; If]qdf g]kfn PsLs/0f kl5 g} u}/ lnDa' tyf u}/ n]Krfx¿sf] k|j]zsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . vf;/L PsLs/0fsf] lznlznfdf / To; kl5 k|zf;lgs Joj:yf ldnfpg] qmddf s]xL ;}lgs tyf k|zf;lgs JolQmx¿sf] k|j]z tyf cfjt hfjtsf] cGbfh ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'uf}nL ;lGwsf] s]xL kl5 k|l;4 jg:kltljb\ ;/ hf];]km x's/nfO{ /fhwfgLaf6 k"j{sf] af6f] u/L Onfd x'Fb} bflh{lnª hfg] cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . o;} u/L Pr= P= cf]N8lkmN8 Onfd cfPsf] a'lemG5 . pgL bflh{lnªaf6 Onfdsf] t'lDnª, hd'gf x'Fb} wgs'6ftkm{ nfu]sf lyP eGg] k|;Ë Onfdsf] ko{6g ultljlwsf] b[li6n] pNn]vgLo 5 . -a}BM @)%*M!#_ lxGb" wfld{s u|Gy >Ldb\efujt\ dxfk'/f0fsf] gjd\ :sGwsf] cWofo Psdf jl0f{t syfdf Onfd / Onfdsf] dfO{kf]v/Lsf] ;Gbe{ pNn]v ePaf6 wfld{s b[li6n] klxn]b]lvg} of] lhNnfn] k|l;l4 kfO;s]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] s]xL wfld{s tyf cWoflTds JolQmx¿sf] o; If]qdf cfudg ePsf] b]lvG5 . logLx¿dWo] s]xLn] t oxL lhNnfnfO{ :yfoL a;f]jaf;sf] ynf] agfPsf] kfOG5 . Onfd cfpg] To:tf ;Gtx¿df ef/tsf] u9jfndf hlGdPsf :jfdL ;f]d]Zj/fgGb lj=;+= !($(–%) lt/ Onfd cfOk'u]sf lyP . pgL s]xL ;do Onfdsf] dfO{kf]v/L / s]xL ;do skmf{]sdf s'6L agfO{ a;] eg] pgsf clGtd lbgx¿ kz'kltgu/sf] s'6Ldf laTof] . o;} u/L lj=;+= !(^( lt/ :ju{åf/Laf6 b'O{hgf r]nfx¿ lnO{ dxfk|e' slknfgGbsf] Onfddf k|j]z eof] . pgn] dfO{kf]v/Ldf 7"nf] xf]dfbL u/]sf lyP . tTsfnLg Onfdsf a8fxflsd ef]Uo zDz]/n] cfkm\gf ;]gf nufO{ pgsf] xf]dfbL eª\u u/fPsfn] pgL ToxLFaf6 d'Unfglt/ k;]sf lyP . lj=;+= !((* lt/ jfnfu'¿ Onfdsf] gofFahf/df b]vf k/] . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltaf6 k|efljt s]xL AolQmx¿sf] a]nfdf}sf oxfF cfjthfjt ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|wfgdGqL hËaxfb'/ /f0ffsf] la/f]w u/]sfn] nvg yfkf;Fu} ;Gt 1fglbnbf; ;lxt cGo s]xL JolQmx¿ kqmfp k/] . nvg yfkf;d]t ;fthgfnfO{ hËaxfb'/n] em'08\ofpg nufP . ;Gt 1fglbnbf; eg] 5 dlxgfkl5 sf/faf; d'Qm eP . To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 pgL 5b\de]ifdf Onfd cfOk'u] . s]xL ;dokl5 oxfFaf6 pgL bflh{lnËtkm{ knfog ePsf lyP . -uf}tdM@)%@M(!,(@_ if8\oGqk"0f{ /fhgLltsf] rk]6fdf k/L kbRo"t eO{ wgs'6ftkm{ lgisflzt ePsf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL b]jzDz]/ lj=;+= !(%* ;fn sflQs dlxgfdf xfjfkfgL abNg] axfgf u/L Onfd cfPsf lyP . s]xL lbgkl5 ;fthgf gf]s/rfs/ ;lxt dfO{kf]v/L 3'Dg uPsf b]jzDz]/ ToxLFaf6 hd'gf–t'lDnªsf] af6f] bflh{lnª d'Unfg k;] . -/f0ffM@)$&M!),!!_ lj=;+= @))& ;fnsf] qmflGttfsf qmflGtsf] lznlznfdf ef/tsf] bflh{lnª / g]kfns} cGo lhNnf -vf; u/]/ g]kfnsf] k"jL{If]q_ sf dflg;x¿ Onfd k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . qmflGt ;DkGg ePkl5 o; If]qsf] /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs Joj:yf ldnfpg ;/sf/ tyf /fhg}lts bnsf ;b:ox¿sf] bf}8fxf ePsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg u[x dGqL jL=kL= sf]O/fnf, k|wfgd+qL tyf g]kfnL sfu|];sf kf6L{ ;efklt dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, uf]/vf kl/ifb\sf d[u]Gb| zDz]/ h=a=/f= cflbsf] Onfd cfudgn] Onfdsf] ko{6sLo ultljlwnfO{ yk ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;} u/L lj=;+= @)@) ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|sf], @)@* ;fndf tTsnLg o'j/fh jL/]Gb|sf] / To;kl5 laleGg ;dodf Onfddf ePsf] /fhkl/jf/sf] e|d0fn] k/f]If ?kdf Onfdsf] dxTj a9\g uO{ cfGtl/s ko{6sLo ultljlwnfO{ a9fpg d2t k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . lj=;+= @))& kl5 oxfF eflifs cWoog, g]t[Tj ;DaGwL cWoog, jfg:klts cWoog / ;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts cWoog ug{ o"/f]k / cd]l/sfsf dflg;x¿ cfPsf lyP . -a}BMk"j{jt\_ lj=;+= @))* ;fnkl5 Onfd ;b/d'sfd nlIft u/L ef/t bflh{lnªaf6 / emfkf zlgZr/]af6 / lj=;+= @)#$–)#% ;fndf emfkf rf/cfnL x'Fb} d]rL /fhdfu{sf] Onfd v08df oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf pknAw ePkl5 lbg k|ltlbg dflg;x¿sf] cfjthfjt x'gyfNof] h;sf] s'g} n]vfhf]vf 5}g . ko{6sLo ultljlw a9fpFg] qmddf o; lhNnfsf s]xL k'/fgf ;dfh;]jLx¿af6 agfOPsf kf6L, kf}jf, wd{zfnfx¿n] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] cfefif x'G5 . Onfd lhtk'/ lgjf;L sfn]bdfO{n] yfSn] -nIdLk'/_ / ltNs]gL -Ogkf–^_ df wd{zfnfx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . To:t} Onfdsf bfd' rf}xfgn] ltNs]gLd} Ps wd{zfnsf] :yfkgf u/fPsf lyP . o;} u/L Onfd gu/kflnsf j8f g+= % e~HofËdf k|;fO{x¿n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] wd{zfnfn] ofq'x¿nfO{ af;sf] ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . Onfd ahf/ -gf/fo0fyfg_ df /0faL/ u'?Ën] / lj=;+= !()( df s/jL/

10

yfkfn], wd{zfnf lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf 5g\ . lj=;+= @))@ ;fndf dfO{vf]nfdf lzjfnodf wd{ k|;fb 9sfn / l;+xaflxgL dlGb/ kl/;/df /3'jL/ a'9fyf]sLn] wd{zfnfsf] :yfkgf u/]/ ko{6g d}qL sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . @)@^÷)@& ;fntfsf tTsfnLg lhNnf k~rfotn] d+unaf/], dfO{kf]v/L, lkmSsn / cGt'df u]i6xfp;sf] lgdf{0f u/L ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;} tfsf dfOkf]v/Lsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu kf]v/L pQ/sf] hUuf lhNnf k~rfotn] vl/b u/]sf] lyof] . o;} u/L cGt' 6fj/ -@)$* ;fn_, l5Gtfk' u]i6xfp; -@)^$_, ;Gbsk'/sf] ;fw's'6L cflbsf] lgdf{0fn] ofq'x¿nfO{ ;'ljwf k|bfg u¥of] . jt{dfg ;dodf oxfFsf] lrofaf/L, pGgt kz'kfng, gub]afnLsf] If]qdf u/]sf] k|ult / oxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf cflbsf sf/0f w]/} cfGtl/s tyf s]xL afXo ko{6sx¿sf] cfjfudg x'g yfn]sf] 5 . Onfdsf ko{6g pkhx?M Onfd cToGt dgf]/d e"–kl/b[Zox?Ù k|fs[lts, P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s :ynx?Ù ljljw ;fF:s[lts ;ª\ud h:tf ko{6g pkhx?df wgL /x]sf] 5 . o:tf k|d'v pkh / uGtJox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M 1111==== wfld{s :ynx¿M -s_ dfO{kf]v/L, -v_ uh'/d'vL, -u_ kfyLe/f, -3_ dfª\dfn'Ë -ª_ dfª\;]a'Ë, nf?Daf

-r_ Onfd gu/kflnsf -gf/fo0fyfg, l;+xaflxgL, dfOyfg, ;]tLb]jL, z+s/Lb]jL, ;To;fO{ dlGb/ cflb_ -5_ gofFahf/ -jfnfu'? lzj dlGb/_ -h_ af}4 u'Dafx? -dfa', gofFahf/, lrq], d]3df, kz'kltgu/, dËnaf/], u'kmfy'DsL, Kofª, xfFu]yfd cflb_ -em_ nfKrf u'Daf -lkmSsn_ -`_ dfOa]gLwfd -lzjfno_ -6_ k~rsGof dlGb/ -7_ r08fn3f6 -bfgfaf/L_ -8_ r'SrLgfDaf -OefË_, -9_ ;fgf] ab'{ -sjL/kGyL_ -0f_ dª\unwfd -kz'kltgu/ d]x]naf]6]_ cflb .

2222==== k|fs[lts :ynx¿M -s_ cGt'8fF8f, u'kmfkftfn -v_ ;Gbsk'/, -u_ l;l4y'Dsf, -3_ l5Gtfk',

-ª_ ldSnfhf]ª 8fF8f -r_ u}/Laf;–hf}af/L–t'lDnË -5_ gofFahf/–y'Ds]8fF8f -h_ kfgL6f/ -em_ tLgh'/]–k'm;|] -`_ sGofd -6_ hd'gf -xfFu]yfd, rf]of6f/_ -7_ kf6]gfuL -k'jfde'mjf_ -8_ dfa'yfd–bf]af6]–sfnkf]v/L -9_ u'kmf y'DsL -dª\unjf/]_ -0f_ sGofd cflb .

3333==== em/gfx¿M -s_ 6f]8\s] em/gf -dfO{dem'jf_ -v_ ;fttn] em/gf -;f]ofª_ -u_ 5fFu] emgf{

-dfO{dem'jf_ -3_ kFv]n'Ë emgf{ -l;l4y'Dsf_ -ª_ c;n]emgf{ -uf]bs_ -r_ tLgtn] emgf{ kz'kltgu/ cflb . 4444==== ;fF:s[lts ;|f]tx¿M -s_ cflbjf;L hfltx¿ lnDa" / n]Krfsf ;+:s[ltsf] ljlzi6 klxrfg ePsf] of] lhNnfdf

cGo hfltsf ;+:s[ltx¿ klg ;ª\/lIft 5g\ . oL hfltx¿sf laleGg ;dodf kg{] kj{ / rf8x¿, ;fF:s[lts gfrufg ;lxt a8f] w'dwfg;Fu dgfOg] ul/G5 . oxfF dgfOg] kj{x¿df bz}F, ltxf/ h:tf h:tf lxGb" ;gftg ;+:s[lt cGtu{tsf ljljw kj{x¿sf ;fy} n]Krf hfltsf] gfdjg -gofF jif{_, lnDa' tyf ls/ft /fO{ hfltsf] pwf}nL pef}nL, af}4 wdf{jnDaLx?sf] Nxf];f/ kj{ k|d'v x'g\ eg] k/Dk/fut ;F:s[ltdf /fO{x?sf] ;fs]jf l;nL, lnDa" hfltsf] 9f]n gfr, g]jf/ hfltsf] ufO{hfqf, du/hftLsf] x'/f{gfFr, tfdfË hfltsf] 8Dk'mgfFr, z]kf{hfltsf] :ofa|' gfFr, ;'g'jf/hfltsf] r08L gfr cfo{ ;+:s[lt cGt/ut ;+uLgL, afng, df?gL cflb kb{5g\ . wfggfr, Rofa|'ªgfr, nfv]gfr, /f]kfO{+hfqf, r08Lgfr cflb oxfFsf ljlzi6 ;fF:s[lts kIfx¿ x'g\ .

-v_ d]nfkj{x?M dfO{a]gLd]nf, uh'/d'vL sflt{s]d]nf, ;6s]d]nf, dfO{kf]v/L PsfbzLd]nf, hd'gf sfu]d]nf, ;fSkmf/f /fFs]d]nf, s/kmf]s em\ofD6]d]nf, dfa'sf] ds/d]nf, hLtk'/sf] /fdgjdLd]nf, dfªdfn'Ësf] pwf}nL–pef}nL d]nf, gofFahf/sf] afnfrt'b{zLd]nf, r08fn3f6sf] d]nf cflb .

5555==== kof{ko{6gM Onfdsf] lzjflns If]q / l;+xlnnf–dxfef/t kj{tdfnf kof{ko{6gsf ;Defljt If]qx¿ x'g\ .

Onfdsf] dfO{pkTosfsf] pQ/L If]q k'tnL / r/fx?sf nflu k|l;4 5 . l;+xlnnf If]qn] /]8kf08f h:tf b'n{e jGohGt'sf nflu Voflt sdfpFb}5 .

6666==== v]n ko{6g -d}bfgx?_M -s_ u'gd'g]– km'6jn -lr;fkfgL_ -v_ skmf]{s v]nd}bfg -u_ Onfd 7"nf]6F'l8v]n -3_

lgdf{0fflwg :kf]6{\; Psf8]dL -tLg3/]_ -ª_ dfa', ;dfna'ª, uf]v{], hf]udfO{, PstKkf l;sf/L e~Hofª, bfgfaf/L, lkmSsnsf] rGb|d}bfg nufotsf v]nd}bfgx? .

7777==== P]ltxfl;s :ynM -s_ O/f}+6f/ -b]jfg5fk_ -v_ rd}tf lrq] -;'?ª_ -u_ Oefª -3_ ;'vfgL

-ª_ r08fn3f6 -bfgfjf/L_ -r_ ;'n'a'ªsf] ;ft vfN8] cflb .

11

8888==== s[lif ko{6gM ;'Gtnf v]tL -lhd{n]_, s6x/ -;fskmf/f bzdL_, hl8a'6L v]lt, cn}+rL, -pQ/L uflj;x?_ cb'jf, clN;f], -lhNnfe/L_ k'ik Joj;fo, -kz'kltgu/, ;dfna'ª, uf]v]{_ ufO{kfng -df3];'Gtn], afujL/], ;fv]h'ª_ cflb .

9999==== lrof ko{6gM Onfd, ;f]lQmd, sGofd, sf]na'Ë, cGt'–;dfna'Ë, ;fv]h'ª, lhTk'/, kz'kltgu/ cflb . 10101010==== ko{6g pT;j÷dxf]T;jx?M lhNnfsf ljleGg ko{6sLo uGtJox?df :yfgLo:t/af6 cfof]hgf x'g] ko{6g

d]nf, pT;j÷dxf]T;jx?n] ko{6snfO{ dgUu] dgf]/~hg lbg ;Sb5g\ . ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ePsf k|of;x?M :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt If]qleqsf] k|fs[lts, ;FF:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s tyf ko{6sLo ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g, lj:tf/ / ;b'kof]u ug]{ u/fpg] egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ko{6g;DaGwL sfd, st{Ao / clwsf/af/] bkmf !&( df lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 . pQm P]gn] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/If]qdf cfwfl/t eO{ lhlj; / lhlj;;Fusf] ;dGjodf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿af6 ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5M

;+:yfut k|of;x¿M

1= lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf;nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ p2]Zon] lhNNff ljsf; ;ldlt cGt/ut ko{6g ljsf; pk;ldltsf] u7g tyf sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf hf/L . -@)%*_

2= Onfd lhNnfdf /x]sf ko{6sLo w/f]x/x¿sf] cfjZos ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf; u/L ko{6sLo lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbg] p2]Zon] :yfgLo :t/df /x]sf s]xL ko{6sLo :yfgx¿df ;d]t ko{6g ljsf; ;ldlt÷s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ cf/De ePsf] 5 -h:t} cGt', dfªdfn'ª, dfOkf]v/L, uh'/d'vL, ldSnfrf]ª cflb_ tyflk ;a} ko{6sLo :yfgdf To:tf] ;+oGq :yfkgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

3= ko{6g k|j4{gnfO{ g} d'Vo p2]Zo /fv]/ s]xL ;+:yf v'n]sf 5g\ eg] lhNnfsf u};;x¿n] k[ys–k[ys ¿kdf jf ;dGjofTds ¿kdf ko{6g ljsf;sf sfo{x¿ ub{} cfPsf 5g\ .

of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|of;x¿M

1= lhNnfdf ko{6g ljsf;sfnflu klxnf] k6s cf7f} lhNnf kl/ifb\n] cf=j= @)%*÷%( sf nflu ko{6g ljsf; ;d]tsf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg sfo{ ;'¿ u/]sf] lyof] eg] To; kl5 x/]s aif{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNnf kl/ifb\n] ko{6g / o;sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu /sd ljlgof]hg / nufgL÷vr{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

2= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] k|fjwfgcg'¿k lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt Onfdsf] cu'jfO{df th'{df ePsf] Onfd lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cf=j= @)%*÷%( –@)^#÷^$_ df ko{6g ;DaGwL 5'§} ;d:of ljZn]if0f u/L sfo{qmd th'{df ePsf] 5, h;nfO{ ko{6g ljsf;sf] If]qdf ePsf of]hgfa4 k|of;sf] ¿kdf lng' kg]{ x'G5 .

3= @)%( df3 & ut] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ko{6g ljsf;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{zfnfdf ko{6g ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff–kq k|:t't u/L pQm cjwf/0ff–kqdfly 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . o;} sfo{zfnfaf6 Onfd lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo ljsf;sfnflu cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfcGtu{t ko{6g If]qdf kl/nlIft gLltdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ub}{ ko{6sLo ljsf;sf gLltx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf lyP . o;/L lgwf{/0f ePsf gLltx¿ dWo] klxrfg ePsf ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] ljsf;sfnflu u'¿of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ d"Vo /x]sf] 5 .

4= @)^) kf}if # ut] g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf P;=Pg=eL=÷g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg ko{6g ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿sf] a}7sn] Onfd lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo ljsf;sfnflu xf]6n tyf nh Aoj:yfkg tflnd, ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb| ;'wf/ / ko{6g ahf/ cg';Gwfg tLg d'Vo lqmofsnfkx¿ / To; cGtu{t 5'§f5'§} pk–lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf lyP . lgwf{/0f ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿ dWo] g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] ;xof]udf xf]6n tyf nh Aoj:yfkg tflnd / P; Pg le g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf Onfdsf] ko{6g ahf/ cWoog sfo{ l8;]Da/, @))^ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

5= lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo ;"rgf k|jfx dfkm{t\ ko{6sx¿nfO{ ;';"lrt u/L ko{6g k|a4{gdf ;wfp k'¥ofpg] clek|ofn] Onfd gu/klnsfdf ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ o;n] ck]lIft ¿kdf ;]jf k|bfg u/L ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

12

6= of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmof cGtu{t cui6 @))# df P;=Pg=eL÷g]kfnsf] ;d]t ;xof]udf ;DkGg Onfd lhNnfsf] ko{6g k|a4{g sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf ;+rfng ePsf d'Vo d'Vo ko{6sLo ljsf; lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

lhNnfdf ;~rfng ePsf d'Vod'Vo ko{6sLo ljsf; lqmofsnfkx¿M qm=qm=qm=qm=;=;=;=;=

;+rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿;+rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿;+rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿;+rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿ cfof]hscfof]hscfof]hscfof]hs ;xof]uL ;+:yf;xof]uL ;+:yf;xof]uL ;+:yf;xof]uL ;+:yf s}lkmots}lkmots}lkmots}lkmot

1= g]kfn e|d0f aif{– !((* df ko{6g k|j4g ultljlw

Onfd gu/kflnsf

2= ko{6g ljsf; sfo{zfnf -@)%* h]i7_

Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r lhlj; ko{6g ;Defjgf, ljsf; / k|a4{g ljifos k|ltj]bg tof/L

3= tf/f ufpF ljsf; ;ldltåf/f cGt'sf] cWoog

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{

4= cGt' kl/rofTds e|d0f -xf]d:6] k|a4{g_, @)%*, d+l;/ !@

;'gufef ljsf; ;+:yf tyf ;'k|eft ;fKtflxs

lhlj; %$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf

5= a|f];/ k|sfzg -c+u|]hL / g]kfnL efiffdf_

Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r g]kfn ko{6g af]8{

6= Onfd lhNnfsf] j]e;fO6 lgdf{0f Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r – Xfn ;~rfngdf

g/x]sf] .

7= ko{6sLo If]q klxrfg / xf]l8{ª af]8{ /flvPsf]

Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r lhlj; lhNnfsf ljleGg uGtJodf

8= ko{6sLo kbofqf dfu{ klxrfg Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r lhlj;

9= ko{6s ufO8 tflnd -@)%( r}q_ Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r 3/]n' tyf

;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt

10= Onfd lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo :yn / kb ofqf dfu{ klxrfg / k|sfzg

Onfd ;/f]sf/ d~r c+u|]hL efiffdf

11= ko{6sLo ky gS;fÍg Onfd gu/kflnsf

12= n]Krf ;+:s[lt ;+u|xfno k|a4{g ;'gufef

13= Onfdsf] pQ/L If]qdf ko{6sLo ;DefJotf klxrfg–>Jo b[Zo lgdf{0f

Onfd ;xof]u kl/ifb\

14= cGt' u|fdL0f ko{6g ;fdu|L tof/L, cGt' u|fdL0f ko{6g ;r]tgf tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng

cGt' ko{6g ljsf; s]Gb|

15=

dfO{kf]v/L / o;sf] pQ/L If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf ko{6g ljsf; of]hgf, >fj0f @)%(

ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu

k|ltj]bg k|:t't eO{;s]sf] .

13

16= Onfd dxf]T;j, @)^) cfof]hgf d"n ;df/f]x ;ldlt ljleGg

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿

17= cGt' dxf]T;j -jflif{s ¿kdf_–@)^) ;fnb]lv

cGt' ko{6g ljsf; s]Gb|

ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿

18= 3n] ufpFsf] cWoog e|d0f– @)^) g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ cGt' / Ogkf

19= l;l4y'Dsf dxf]T;j–@)^% ;fnb]lv l;l4y'Dsf ko{6g

ljsf; ;ldlt

20= dfO{kf]v/L dxf]T;j– @)^@ dfO{kf]v/L wf= a= ;=

21= kfyLe/f dxf]T;j– @)^$ kf= d= ;+= ;ldlt

22= dfO{kf]v/Lsf] u'¿of]hgf th'{df–

@)^%

lhlj; b Oi6 kmfp08]zg

23= xf]6n Joj:yfkg tflndx¿ pBfu jfl0fHo ;+3,

Onfd g]kfn ko{6g af]8

24= Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf pQ/bfoLk"0f{ ko{6g ljsf; tflnd–@)^^

lh=lj=;= gfyd

25= snsQfaf6 cfPsf v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ :jfut

lh=lj=;=

26= Onfdsf] ko{6g ahf/ cWoog–;g @))^

lh lj ; P;\= Pg\= eL= g]kfn

k|ltj]bg k|:t't

27= Onfdsf ;ef;b\x¿;Fu ko{6g;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;Dafb sfo{qmd–@)^^

Pg cfO l8 ⁄ k|f] klAns

28= sGofd dxf]T;j–@)^^ sGofd k=lj=s]Gb|

29= uh'/d'vL dxf]T;j–@)^^ uh'/d'vL ko{6g ljsf;

s]Gb|

30= ;'lsn'Daf Po/kf]6{ lgdf{0f

-Onfd j8f g+=%_

lhlj;, gu/kflnsf nufot

Hldg vl/b eO{ k|lqmof ;'¿

31=

w/fg dxf]T;jdf Onfdsf] ;xeflutf–@)^#

w/fg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3

pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3

32= cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd,–@)^@ lj/f6gu/df ;xeflutf

SASTHM lhlj;

33= kfyLe/f dlGb/df hfg] l;+8L lgdf{0f kfyLe/f ;+/If0f ;ldlt

34= cGt' lemnsf] lgdf{0f ;'wf/ cGt' ko{6g ljsf;

s]Gb| lh=lj=;=

35= dfO{kf]v/Ldf jf]6flgsn uf8{]g lgdf{0f ag:klt sfof{no,

Onfd

14

36= ;~rf/sdL{sf] FAM Tour - 2065

lhlj; Onfd–;Gbsk'/

37= ko{6g Joj;fo Joj:yfkg k|lzIf0f– @)^^

P; Pd O Knfg]6 kmfOgfG;, sf7df8f}+ .

kfFr lbjzLo, dfO{kf]v/L

38=

Onfd lhNnfsf tfntn}of, k|fs[lts kf]v/L / l;d;f/sf] clen]vLs/0f tyf ;+/If0f /0fgLltx? tof/– @)^^

lhlj;, Onfd Onfd ;xof]u kl/ifb, Onfd

lhNnfsf #( j6f tfntn}of, l;d;f/ / kf]v/Lx?sf] clen]vLs/0f / ;+/If0f /0fgLlt th'{df ePsf] .

39= ko{6g aif{–!! d]rL sf]zL ;dGjo ;ldlt a}7s, la/f6gu/, @)^^ r}t !(

40= lgb/Nof08sf lj1nfO{ cfdGq0f u/L ko{6g ;daGwL cWoog

Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3

P; Pg le, g]kfn

cWoog k|ltj]bg k|fKt

41= dfj'–;Gbsk'/ dxf]T;j, @)^& a]}zfv !–$

Ufflj;

42= ko{6g aif{–!! sf] Onfd lhNnf:t/Lo z'ef/De, @)^& a}zfv !#

lhlj;

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / ko{6g ljsf;M Onfd lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu th'{df ul/Psf] ^ jif{] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -@)%*÷)%(–@)^#÷)^$_ n] cfwf/ jif{sf] lhNnfsf] ljsf; l:yltsf] ;dLIff ug{] qmddf o; lhNnfdf ko{6g ljsf;sf] k|jn ;Defjgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefj tyf :yfgLo lghL If]qsf] pBdzLntfsf] hf]lvd jxg ug{] Ifdtfsf] sdLsf sf/0f of] If]q /f]huf/L tyf cfo l;h{gfsf nflu Ps jlnof] cfwf/ aGg g;s]sf] ;TonfO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L o; lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf / ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ;+:yfut?kdf klxnf] k6s ul/Psf] lyof] . -lhlj;, Onfd M@)%(M!–@ ._ o;} u/L ko{6g ljsf;nfO{ of]hgfdf bf];|f] k|fyldstf qmddf /flvg' csf{} ;sf/fTds kIf dfGg' kb{5 . -lhlj;, k"j{jt\_ o;df u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ljsf; cfo cfh{gsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]t x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ cf}+NofO{Psf] lyof] . ko{6g k|a4{gdf ko{6g Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df lghL If]q;Fu nfut ;fem]bf/L sfod ub{} hfg] /0fgLlt to ul/Psf] lyof] . ko{6g If]qsf] Jojl:yt ljsf; eO{ ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf; ePsf] v08df Onfd cfpg] jfXo ko{6s ;ª\Vof cfwf/ jif{sf] -)%&÷)%*_ %))) af6 ^ jif{ kl5 @) k|ltzt\n] a[l4 x'g] / @) jif{ kl5 !$) k|ltzt\n] -cfwf/ jif{sf] t'ngfdf_ a[l4 eO{ !@,))) x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} u/L cfwf/ jif{df cfGtl/s ko{6s $%,))) cfpg] u/]sf]df 5 jif{ kl5 -@)^#÷)^$ df_ @) k|ltzt\n] a[l4 eO{ %$,))) x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . -lhlj;, k"j{jt\_ ko{6sLo If]qsf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ ljsf;df :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{], cfjZos k"jf{wf/ v8f ul/g], ko{6sx¿sf] cfjfudg a9fpg cWofudg sfof{nosf] :yfkgf / ljb]zL d'b|f ;6xLsf] Joj:yf k|efjsf/L jgfOg], s[lif, u|fdL0f, ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ko{6g ufpFx¿sf] ljsf; ul/g] / ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ul/g] sfo{gLltsf ;fy tof/ ul/Psf] of]hgfdf lhNnfe/Lsf ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] klxrfg ul/g], /fp08 l6«k ¿6 lgdf{0f ul/g], ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf ul/g], lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf u/fO{g] / cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ul/g] h:tf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf qmddf /flvPsf] 5 eg] ck]lIft pknAwL xfl;n ug{ xf]6n Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL tflnd, u|fdL0f ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu dfOdem'jf / cGt'df k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, s[lif ko{6g ljsf;, kof{ko{6g ljsf;nfO{ bf];|f] / wfld{s ko{6g / xjfO{ d}bfgsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ t];|f] k|fyldstfsf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf nflu u};;, :yfgLo lgsfo, ;/sf/L lgsfo ;d]tsf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] lyof] .

15

ko{6g ljsf;sf ;d:of Pjd\ r'gf}ltx?M ;+:yfut ;d:ofM

1= lhNnf :t/df ko{6g ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df of]hgf tyf gLlt th'{df, ;dGjo, cg'ugd, d"Nofª\sgsf nflu ul7t Onfd ko{6g ljsf; pk–;ldltsf] ck]lIft ¿kdf ;+:yfut Pjd\ Joj:yfksLo ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

2= lhNnfdf klxrfg eO;s]sf ko{6g If]qx¿sf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug{] sfo{sf nflu :yfgLo :t/dfdf ;a} If]qdf ;+:yfut ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ tyf To;nfO{ ;lqmo u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

3= ko{6s ;DaGwL ;"rgf÷tYofª\s /fVg] ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . 4= cWofudg sfof{nosf] cefj dxz'; ePsf] 5 h;sf sf/0f kz'kltgu/ gfsfaf6 t];|f] d'n'ssf

ko{6sx¿ Onfd leqofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . ;]jf ;'ljwf;DaGwL ;d:ofM

1= ko{6sx¿sf] ¿lr, rfxgfcg'¿ksf ;a} ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . 2= Onfdsf xf]6n–nhx¿af6 dfu cg'?k kof{Kt u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . 3= afx|} dlxgf ko{6sLo uGtJox?df k'Ug] lgoldt oftfoft ;]jfsf] Joj:yf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

ko{6g kj4{g;DaGwL ;d:ofM

1= /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df Onfdsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ck]lIft ?kdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . 2= ko{6g k|a4{gsf nflu Onfd;DaGwL k|sfzg ;fdu|L kof{Kt 5}g . 3= ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu cfw'lgs ;+rf/ k|ljlw -OG6/g]6 ⁄ j]a;fO6_ sf] oyf]lrt pkof]u ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . 4= g]kfndf ko{6snfO{ k/Dk/fut If]q -sf7df8f}+–kf]v/f–lrtjg_ eGbf aflx/ nfg g;s]sf sf/0f Onfd

h:tf] ;DefJo uGtJo klg cf]e]mndf k/]sf] 5 .

;dGjo tyf ;Dks{;DaGwL ;d:ofM 1= ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf lghL If]qaLr ;dGjofTds e"ldsf sdhf]/ 5 . 2= b]zsf cGo efudf /x]sf ko{6g Joj;foL;+u Onfdsf ko{6g Joj;foLsf] ;Dks{ tyf ;~hfn sdhf]/ 5

. 3= cGoq /x]sf 6"/ ck/]6/, 6«fen Ph]G6, l/he{];g ;le{;, xf]6n a's;{x¿ h;n] dWo:ystf{sf] e"ldsf

lgjf{x u/]sf x'G5g\, pgLx¿sf] Onfd ofqf Kofs]h 5}g . tL dWo:ystf{x¿ sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f jf :yflkt ko{6sLo If]qx¿df dfq s]lGb|t 5g\ .

k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL ;d:of M ko{6gsf cËx¿–cfsif{0f, cfjf; ;'ljwf, kx'Fr / cGo ;'ljwfx¿–aLrsf] ;dGjofTds tyf ;Gt'lnt ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ko{6g ahf/ ;DaGwL ;d:ofM ko{6g cËx¿sf] ;d'lrt ljsf; ug{], ko{6g pkh tyf ko{6sx¿sf] ¿rL / rfxgfsf] klxrfg ug{], ko{6s / ko{6g Joj;foLx¿aLr ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{], k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf k|a4{g ug{] h:tf sfo{x¿ ahf/ Joj:yfkg cGtu{t kb{5 . oL ;a} s'/fdf Onfd sdhf]/ 5 . ahf/ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] cefj 5 . hgzlQm÷dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;d:ofM Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm pTkfbg, Joj:yfkg tyf kl/rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ko{6g hgzlQm l:yltM s'g} klg d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu bIf hgzlQm cfjZos x'G5 . ko{6g Joj;fo ;]jfd"ns Joj;fo ePsf] x'Fbf ;+nUg hgzlQm cfkm\gf] pkef]QmfnfO{ pTs[i6 ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Ifd x'g' kb{5 . Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;df bIf hgzlQm pTkfbgsf nflu s]xL tflnd sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfngdf NofOPsf 5g\ . Onfd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, g]kfn ko{6g jf]8{ / s]xL u};;x¿n] xf]6n Jo:yfkg, kyk|bz{s tyf ko{6g Joj;fo;DaGwL

16

s]xL 5f]6f tflndx¿ ;~rfngdf NofO{ sl/j !)) hgf sf] ;ª\Vofdf hgzlQm pTkfbg u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . tL tflndx¿af6 pTkfbg ul/Psf hgzlQmx¿af6 vf;} ;sf/fTds k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . h;n] tflnd lng' kg{] xf] p;n] tflnd lnPsf] 5}g cyjf tflnd lng]n] Jojxf/df k|of]u u/]sf] 5}g . Onfdsf s]xL pRr df=lj=x¿n] tf]lsPsf] kf7\oqmdcg';f/ ko{6g / ofqf (Travel & Tourism) ljifosf] k7gkf7g ;dfj]z u/L ko{6g hgzlQm pTkfbgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 t/ oL ;a} If]qaf6 pTkflbg hgzlQmsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;/f]sf/jfnfx?M ko{6g pBf]udf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . ltgLx¿sf] klxrfg tyf ;"rLs/0f ul/g' kb{5 . Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;df ;+nUg eO/x]sf jf ;+nUg u/fOg' kg{] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo ljlzi6tfsf] If]q ko{6g k|j4{gdf e"ldsf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg ;xhLs/0f, ;dGjo Onfd gu/kflnsf of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg ;xhLs/0f, ;dGjo g]kfn ko{6g jf]8{ k|j4{g ahf/Ls/0f pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 ;xhLs/0f, ;dGjo, k}/jL ;dGjo, k}/jL pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 ;xhLs/0f, ;dGjo, k}/jL ;dGjo, k}/jL xf]6n P;f]l;P;g ;]jf cfltYo ;Tsf/ Onfd ;/f]s/ d~r ;xhLs/0f k}/jL kqsf/ dxf;+3 ;~rf/ k|rf/ k|;f/ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no s[lif s[lif kof{ko{6g k|j4{g lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no kz';]jf u|fld0f ko{6g lhNnf jg sfof{no ;+/If0f kof{ko{6g k|j4{g lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{no ;+/If0f kof{ko{6g k|j4{g ;8s sfof{no ;8s lgdf{0f tyf ;+/If0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf; hftLo÷;fF:s[lts ;+3 ;+u7gx¿ ;+:s[lt ;+/If0f ;fF:s[lts ko{6g ko{6g If]q ljsf;sf nflu ;Ël7t s]Gb| jf ;ldltx¿

ko{6g k|j4{g ko{6g k|j4{g

Onfd ;xof]u kl/ifb\ ;xhLs/0f, k}/jL ko{6g k|j4{g dlxnf hfu/0f ;+3 ;xhLs/0f, k}/jL ko{6g k|j4{g ;'gufef ljsf; ;+:yf ;xhLs/0f, k}/jL ko{6g k|j4{g z}lIfs ;+:yfx? r]tgf clej[l4 r]tgf clej[l4 Ufflj;x? of]hgf th'df tyf sfof{Gjog ko{6g k|j4{g Onfd ko{6g ljsf; s]Gb| ;xhLs/0f, k}/jL ko{6g k|j4{g ko{6gsf] ljBdfg cj:yf ljZn]if0f -SWOT Analysis)

;jn kIf (Strengths) 1= ;"of{]bo tyf ;"of{:tsf] b[iofjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] w]/} :yfgx¿ x'g', 2= cfsif{s e"–kl/b[Zo tyf k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{, 3= ljleGg wfld{s :ynx¿, 4= Jofj;flos s[lif, 5= ljljw hfltx¿sf] ldl>t a;f]af; -n]Krf, yfdL, /fO{, lnDa", ;'g'jf/, u'¿ª cflb_, 6= h}ljs ljljwtf -ljleGg k|sf/sf ;'gfv/L, /]8kf08f, kfFrcf}n], r/f, k'nnLx¿ cflb_, 7= nf]s ;+:s[ltx¿, 8= s[lifhGo pBf]ux¿, 9= ;fdflhs ;b\efj, 10= ;a} uflj;x¿df lxFpb] af6f] ;'ljwf, 11= ;~rf/ ;'ljwf, 12= w/ftnLo ljljwtf,

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13= ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf k|fs[lts cfsif{0fx¿sf] ;lDdng, 14= Onfdsf] z}lIfs hfu/0f, 15= :j:y xfjfkfgL, 16= cfly{s pGglt, 17= d'n'sleq ;'Gb/ lhNnfsf] ?kdf klxrfg kfpg ;kmn .

sdhf]/ kIf (Weaknesses) 1= ;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts tyf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; ck]lIft ?kdf ug{ g;Sg', 2= ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf] Go"g:t/, 3= ko{6g Joj;foLx¿aLr ;dGjofTds ;~hfn lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf], 4= lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf la:tf/ u/fpg g;lsPsf], 5= ;a} ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] klxrfg / ahf/Ls/0f ug{ g;lsPsf], 6= xf]6n–nhx¿af6 dfu cg'?k u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ g;lsPsf] tyf ko{6g ;+:s[ltsf] oyf]lrt

ljsf; ug{ g;lsPsf], 7= ko{6sLo :ynx? / tL;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf k|fKt ug{] :yfoL / k|efjsf/L lgsfosf] cefj /x]sf], 8= kz'kltgu/ gfsfdf cWofudg ;'ljwfsf] cefj x'g', 9= ko{6sx¿sf] tYofª\s /fVg] ;+oGqsf] cefjsf sf/0f ko{6s kfZj{lrq tof/ ug{ g;lsPsf] / ko{6g

ljsf;sf nflu /0fgLlts of]hgf tof/ ug{ g;lsPsf], 10= afx|} dlxgf ko{6sLo :yndf k'Ug] lgoldt oftfoft ;]jfsf] cefj /x]sf], 11= :yfgLo :t/dfdf ;a} If]qdf ;+:yfut ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ g;lsPsf], 12= ko{6g ljsf; pk–;ldltsf] ck]lIft ¿kdf ;+:yfut Pjd\ Joj:yfksLo ljsf; x'g g;Sg', 13= /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df Onfdsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ x'g g;s]sf], 14= g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Ls[t ko{6g Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf], 15= ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf lghL If]qx¿aLr ;dGjofTds e"ldsf sdhf]/ /xg', 16= ko{6g k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ck]Iffs[t ljsf; x'g g;Sg', 17= hgzlQm pTkfbg Joj:yfkg tyf kl/rfng x'g g;Sg', 18= ko{6g pkhsf] ljljws/0f ug{ g;lsPsf] .

cj;/ (Opportunities) 1= kz'kfng tyf s[lifsf] Jofj;flos pGgltsf sf/0f s[lif ko{6g (Agro-tourism) sf] ljsf; ug{

;lsg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] cj;/sf ¿kdf lng ;lsg], 2= ljljw ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] PsLs[t cjl:yltn] Onfdsf] ko{6gdf ljljwLs/0f

x'g ;Sg] jf a}slNks ko{6sLo pkh ljsf; ug{ ;lsg], 3= ljif]z hfthfltx¿sf] j;f]jf; ePsf] o; lhNnfdf u|fdL0f ko{6g (Village Tourism) ljsf;sf]

;Defjgf /x]sf], 4= w/ftnLo cjl:ylt -;d'b| ;txsf] !$) ld6/b]lv #^#^ ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf /x]sf]_ sf sf/0f oxfFsf]

h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t kof{–ko{6g (Eco Tourism) sf] ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . vf; u/]/ jGo ;DkbfnfO{ ko{6g ljsf;;Fu hf]8\g oxfFsf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg],

5= s~rghª\3f lxdfnonfO{ Onfdn] ko{6sLo cj;/sf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . Onfdsf] af6f] eP/ s~rghª\3f ofqfsf] Kofs]h agfpg ;lsg] ePsfn] pQm lxdfnosf] k|j]zåf/sf] ¿kdf Onfd /xg ;Sg],

6= oxfFsf] :j:y xfjfkfgLsf sf/0f :jf:Yo ko{6g (Health Tourism) sf] ;Defjgf ePsf], 7= lrofv]tLdf ePsf] lj:tf/sf sf/0f lrof ko{6g (Tea Tourism) sf] ;Defjgf tyf cj;/ /x]sf], 8= Onfdsf] z}lIfs hfu/0faf6 z}lIfs ko{6g (Edu Tourism) sf] ;Defjgf /x]sf], 9= :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf lghLIf]q ljsf;sf] x/]s kIfdf ;zQm¿kdf cufl8

cfpFg] k|of;df /x]sf] x'Fbf oL ;a} lgsfox¿sf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu k[ys–k[ys Pjd\ ;dGjofTds e"ldsfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg],

10= Onfdaf;Lsf] cfly{s ;Dd'Gglt -lgIf]k Ifdtf_ nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodn] ko{6g If]qdf nufgL a9fpg ;lsg] b]lvG5 .

r'gf}lt (Threat) 1= /fhgLlts l:y/tf, 2= k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joj:yf sfod, 3= nufgL d}qL jftfj/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf .

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Onfdsf dxTjk"0f{ ko{6Lo uGtJox?M ;Gbsk'/M

;Gbsk'/ ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 #^#^ dL6/sf] prfO{df cjL;yt Onfd lhNnfs} ;a} eGbf cUnf] :yfg xf] . Onfd / ef/tsf] bflh{lnË lhNnfsf] l;dfgfdf cjl:yt ;Gbsk'/ g]kfn, ef/t / g]kfnsf bh{g a9L lxd>[+vnfx?sf] /d0fLo cjnf]sg, ;'of]{bo, k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cjnf]sgsf nflu pTs[i6 :yfgsf ?kdf kl/lrt /x]sf]5 . ljutdf ef/tLo tyf t];|f] d'n'ssf ko{6sx?sf nflu cfsif{s uGtAosf ?kdf /x]sf] o; :Yffgdf ef/tLo l;dfjtL{ If]qaf6 dfq} ;8s oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf /x]sf] lyof] . clxn] Onfd lhNnfs} dfa' uflj; sfnfkf]v/L ljv] e~HofË x'b} ;Gbsk'/ ;Dd ;8s oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf z'? ePsf] 5 eg] dfOde'mjf uflj;sf] a'waf/], uf]?jfn] e~HofË x'b} ;Gbsk'/ ;Dd k'Ug] df]6/af6f] lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf]5 . ;Gbsk'/df cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx?nfO{ nlIft u/L g]kfn / ef/t tkm{ cfwf/e't ;'ljwf ;lxtsf xf]6nx? ;~rfngdf /x]sf5g\ . ;Gbsk'/ b]lv @ lsnf]dL6/ klZrddf cjl:yt cfxfn8fF8f klg k|fs[lts b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu /d0fLo :yfg /x]sf]5 .

;Gbsk'/af6 b[lvPsf] lxdfnosf] b[Zo

;Gbsk'/af6 b]lvPsf] lxdfnosf] b[Zo l5G6fk' -dfOde'mjf_M Onfdsf pTs[i6 ko{6sLo uGtAox? dWo] ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 s/Lj #@)) dL6/sf] prfO{df cjl:yt Pp6f dgf]/d :yfg, h}ljs ljljwtf / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] a]hf]8 ;dfof]hgsf] :yn–k|s[ltsf] pkxf/ sf ?kdf kfFry/ / Onfdsf] dfOdem'jf uflj;sf] l;df If]qdf cjl:yt l5Gtfk'nfO{ lnOg] ul/G5 . kmfNu'0f r}q j}zfv dlxgfdf yl/yl/sf u'/fF;x? km'n]/ l5Gtfk' If]qnfO{ g} /d0fLo agfpF5 . l5gl5gdf kl/jt{g x'g] df};d / lr;f] atf;n] cfuGt'sx?;Fu n'sfdf/L v]Nb5 . k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfdf] cg'kd b[Zo x]g]{ cj;/ l5Gtfk' hfg]x?nfO{ g} k|fKt x'G5 . l5Gtfk'sf] csf]{ cfsif{0f eg]sf] lxd>[+vnfx?sf] hLjGtM b[Zofjnf]sg xf] . s~rgh+3f, s'Des'0f{, ;u/dfyf nufotsf g]kfn, ef/t / e'6fgsf lxdfn>[+vnfx?nfO{ ghLs}af6 c+ufnf] xfNg ;lsPnf h:tf] u/L lwt\d?~h]n x]g{ ;lsG5 .

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l5G6fk'af6 b]lvPsf] ;u/dfyf lxdfn ;[ª\vnf oltdfq xf]Ogl;dfkf/L l;lSsd, bflh{lnª, Onfd lhNnfsf] clwsf+z e'efu, t/fO{sf kmfF6, ONffd, kfFry/ / tfKn]h'Ësf ldn]sf xf]rf cUnf 8fF8fsfF8f / a:tLx?sf] /d0fLo cjnf]sg /x]sf]5 . nfnL u'F/f;sf] lgs} 7"nf] 3gfh+un, /]8kf08f, yf/, r/fr'?ËL, hl8a'6L, / ;'Gb/ ef}uf]lns agfj6sf] cjnf]sg l5Gtfk'af6 hlt ;xh / /d0fLo tj/df kfpg ;lsG5 zfob} c? 7fFpaf6 kfOPnf . l5Gtfk's} 8fF8fdf b'O{j6f ;'Gb/ kf]v/Lx? /x]sf5g\ . o;n] oxfFsf] ;f}Gbo{tfnfO{ cem} yk]sf]5 . l5G6fk' eGbf s]lx tn tfnkf]v/L, 89]nL kf]v/L, xfF; kf]v/L nufotsf cfwf bh{g kf]v/L, 5fFu] emgf{, wKk/ nufotsf b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu pTs[i6 :ynx? ;d]t /x]sf5g\ . o;sf ;fy} dfOde'mjfs} j8f g+= & df cjl:yt k'm;|]kf]v/L csf]{ /d0fLo :ynsf ?kdf /x]sf]5 . dfOde'mjfdf /fO{ tyf u'?ËhftLsf] ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ;d]t cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . a;f]af;sf nflu xf]d:6] tyf u|fdL0fahf/ a'waf/] xl6ofdf ;fdfGo xf]6nx? /x]sf5g\ . l5G6fk' ;Dd hfgsf nflu Onfds} dfOkf]v/L x'b} dfOaem'jfsf] a'waf/] uf]?jfn] ;Dd uf8Ldf uP/ b'O{ 306fsf] k}bn dfu{sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . dfOkf]v/Laf6 l;w} k}bn hfg ;d]t ;lsG5 eg] dfOdem'jfs} j8f g+= % l:yt z]k]{ufFp x'b} klg k}bn % 306fdf l5G6fk' k'Ug ;lsG5 . dfOde'mjfnfO{ ONffd ;b/d'sfd ljANofF6] dfOkf]v/L x'b} sRrL df]6/af6f]n] hf]8]sf]5 . 6f]8\s] emgf{M dfOde'mjf uflj;sf] j8f g+= # df ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 !^)) dL6/ prfO{df cjl:yt 6f]8\s] emgf{ *% dL6/ cUnf] 5 . dfOvf]nf eGbf s/Lj $) dL6/ klZrddf /x]sf] of] emgf{ g]kfns} bf];|f] cUnf] emgf{ xf] . emgf{sf] cjnf]sgsf nflu ;of}+ cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx? jif]{gL oxfF cfFpg] ub{5g\ . h+unsf jLrdf kx/fsf jLraf6 emg]{ of] emgf{ lgs} /d0fLo ko{6sLo uGtAosf ?kdf kl/lrt /x]sf]5 . dfO{kf]v/LM Onfd lhNNffsf] ;b/d'sfd ONffd ahf/af6 s/Lj !* lsnf]ld6/ pQ/df /x]sf] dfOkf]v/L g]kfns} Ps cfsif{s ko{6sLo uGtAo, wfld{s cf:yfsf] s]Gb| / h}ljs ljljwtfn] wgL If]qsf ?kdf /x]sf]5 . dfOkf]v/L If]q Onfd lhNnfsf] ko{6sLo kof{osf ?kdf /xb} cfPsf]5 . o; If]qsf] k|d'v cfsif{0f dfOkf]v/LnfO{ ;g\ @))* df ljZj /fd;f/ ;'rL cGt{ut ;'lrs[t u/L g]kfnsf] gjf}+ / dWokxf8L If]qsf] klxnf] /fd;f/ If]q 3f]if0ff u/] kl5 o;sf] ljZjJofkL klxrfg ;d]t :yflkt e};s]sf]5 . gf}j6f s'gfdf km}lnPsf] dfOkf]v/LnfO{ dfOkf]v/LnfO{ k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/

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l;h{gfsf ?kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . dfOkf]v/Lsf] gfdfs/0fsf af/]df eGg'kbf{ dfO cyf{t cfdf / kf]v/L cyf{t tnfp h;af6 hn b]jtf cyf{t dftfaf6 ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . dfO{kf]v/LnfO{ ;fIfft b]jLsf ?kdf dflgG5 . t/ alnk|yf eg] lgif]w /x]sf]5 . dgf]sfdgf k'0f{ xf];\ eg]/ efsn ug]{ / k/]jf p8fpg] k|rng /x]sf]5 . wfld{s cf:yfsf] s]Gb| /x]sf] o; If]qsf af/]df cglulGt lsDabGtLx? /x]sf5g\ . dfOkf]v/Lsf] Oltj[Qdf 6+s ;'j]bLn] n]Vg' ePsf] n]vsf cg';f/ d?t /fhfn] o; 7fFpdf cfP/ gf}j6f s'gfdf gf}j6} dlGb/ agfO{ gjb'uf{sf] k'hf u/L ;f] k'hf lj;h{g kZrft k'hf :yfg ;'/lIft xf];\ egL u+ËfhLsf] cf/fwgf ubf{ hn pTkGg ePsf] hg>'lt /x]sf]5 . s'g} ;dodf kf]v/L jl/kl/sf ?v lj?jfaf6 kf]v/Ldf v;]sf kftkl+Ë/x? r/fr'?+ËLx?n] l6k]/ aflx/ km\ofFSg] u/]sf] s'/fx? ;'Gg kfOG5 . s'g} ;dodf kf]v/Ldf k~r]afhf, z+v306 aHg] u/]sf] / xfn klg kf]v/Laf6 cfs:dt cgf}7f] Hof]lt lg:sg] t'?Gt} nf]k x'g] u/]sf] /x:o :yfgLoaf;Lx? JoQm ub{5g\ . åfkf/ o'usf] cGTodf kfFr kf08jx? jgaf; /xg]qmddf a/fxIf]q, ch'{gwf/f x'b} dfOkf]v/L ;Dd cfO{ kmls{Psf] hg>'lt ;d]t kfOG5 . o;} u/L /fhf df?tsf ;fydf pgsL …OnfÚ gfd u/]sL 5f]/L klg cfPsL lyOg\ / pg} …OnfÚ af6 o; lhNnfsf] gfd g} Onfd /xg uPsf] xf] eGg] hg>'lt ;d]t /x]sf]5 . dfOkf]v/LnfO{ lxGb', af}4 / ls/fFt d'Gw'd wd{sf] cf:yfsf ?kdf lnOG5 . dfOkf]v/L kl/;/df ;Tow'gL cf>d, lgd{n dfOcf>d, 6fF;L 5f]lnË u'Daf, lzjfno, ;/:jtL dlGb/ tyf eujtL dlGb/ /x]sf5g\ . j}zfv] k'l0f{df / 7'nL PsfbzLsf lbg dfOkf]v/Ldf ljz]if k'hf cr{gf / d]nf nfUg] k|rng /x]sf]5 . wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfn] wgL o; If]qsf ;d'bfosf] dfOkf]v/L k|ltsf] cf:yf eg] ;dfg /x]sf]5 . ;a}wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+ud /x]sf] dfOkf]v/Ln] l;+uf] Onfdsf] ;f+:s[lts ;Defotfsf] k|ltljlDat ug]{ s'/f ;xk|fWofks o'4k|;fb a}Bn] dfOkf]v/Lsf] Oltj[Q gfds k':ts leq cfkm\gf] n]vdf pNn]v ug'{ ePsf]5 .

dfO{kf]v/L

21

dfO{kf]v/L If]q h}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6n] ;d]t plQs} dxTjk'0f{ /x]sf]5 . o; If]qdf $ k|hftLsf nfnLu'F/f;, # k|hftLsf rfk, s6';, nf}7 ;Nnf, eb|f;], ;Nnf, !^ k|hftLsf ;'gfv/L, ^@ k|hftLsf hl8a'6L ;lxt #)) k|hftLsf km'nkm'Ng] / g]kfndf dfq kfOg] un}r] em\ofFp (Sphagnum Nepalense), n]p, pGo", nufotsf jg:klt kfOG5g\ . nf]kf]Gd'v kfgLuf]xf]/f] (Crocodile Salamander), nf]vs]{, cf]t, Eofu'Qf, kfxf, rd]/f], d[u, ;k{ nufot !@ k|hftLsf hnr/, ^ k|hftLsf peor/, # k|hftLsf df5f, !$ k|hftLsf :tgwf/L / @)) eGbf a9L k|hftLsf r/fr'?ËLx? /x]sf5g\ . dfO{kf]v/Ldf vf; u/L tLg yl/sf ko{6sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ . klxnf] wfld{s cf:yfsf cfwf/df cfpg], bf]:f|f] oxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf / ;Dkbfsf] cjnf]sg ug{ cfpg] / t]>f] oxfFsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;fF:s[lts, tyf jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg, ;+/If0f / ljsf;df nflu kg]{ dflg;x? /x]sf 5g\ . Onfdsf] pQ/L If]q k|j]zsf] nflu Pp6f ;lhnf] dfu{ ePsf sf/0f ;d]t o; If]qdf ko{6sx? w]/} ;+Vofdf jif}{ el/ cfpg] ub{5g\ . oftfoftsf] ;'ljwfn] ;d]t o; If]qdf cfpg] hfg] ko{6sx?nfO{ ;lhnf] ePsf]5 . lhNnfsf cGo uGtAox?;Fu o;sf] ;Dks{ / ;~hfn agfpg ;s] cfufdL lbgdf o; If]qsf] ko{6sLo ljsf;df yk 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 . xfFu]yfdM Onfd lhNnfsf] pQ/k'jL{ uflj; hd'gfdf ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 @!&) ld6/ prfO{df cjl:yt xfFu]yfd k|s[ltk|]dL, ;+/If0fsdL{ / ko{6sx?sf nflu cfsif{s uGtAo xf] . xfFu]yfd If]q k|fs[lts ;Dkbf, h}ljs ljljwtf, cfsif{s e"kl/b[Zo , wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo b[li6n] Onfd lhNnfsf] pTs[i6 uGtAo klg /x]sf]5 . :jR5 lr;f] xfjfkgL, l5gl5gdf kl/jt{g x'g] df};d, e'O{ s'lx/f]sf] ;]tfDo b[Zo, r/fr'?ËLx?sf] lr/lj/ cfjfh, 3gf jgh+un / Onfd lhNnfsf clwsf+z efusf] b[Zox?n] o; If]qdf k'Ug] hf]sf]lxsf] dg cfglGbt kfb{5 . ljZjd} b'n{e dflgPsf] xfa|] -/]8kf08f_, yf/, WjfF;] lrt'jf, sfnf] efn', r/Laf3, /fhk+vL, 7s7s] nufotsf jGohGt', sfF8]Eofs'/, d'gfn, lrn, kfgLxfF; nufot df};d cg';f/ 6f9f6f9faf6 a;fO{ ;/L cfpg] r/fr'?ËLx? (Migratory Birds), / nfnLu'F/f;, rfk, nf}7;Nnf, ;'gfv/L, lr/fOtf], afG6], ah|f7, s6';, nufot w]/} hl8a'6Lx? o; If]qdf kfOG5g\ . r/f cjnf]sgsf nflu of] If]q ljZjd} k|l;4 /x]sf] ;+/If0fsf k':tsx?df k9\g kfOG5 . h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cjnf]sgsf nflu ljleGg b]zx?af6 dflg;x? o; If]qdf cfpg] u/]sf5g\ . xfFu]yfd If]qsf] wfld{s / ;fF:s[lts dxTj klg plQs} /x]sf]5 . lxGb' af}4, / ls/fFt ;d'bfon] o; If]qnfO{ ljz]if wfld{s cf:yfn] x]g]{ u/]sf5g\ . gfuk'hf, Nxf];f/kj{sf] cj;/df ljz]if k'hfcfhf / efsn ug]{ k/Dk/f /xb} cfPsf]5 . o; afx]s h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cjnf]sg, lkslgs, k|fs[lts b[Zofjnf]sg, :yfgLo ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / /xg;xgsf] cjnf]sgsf nflu cfGtl/s tyf jfx\o ko{6sx? oxfF cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

xfFu]yfdsf] dgf]/d e"kl/b[Zo

22

xfFu]yfd If]qdf z]kf{, /fO{ u'?Ë / tfdfË ;d'bfosf] ;fgf] a:tL /x]sf] 5 . oxfF u|fdL0f /xg;xgsf] e/k'/ cfgGb lng ;lsG5 . Onfd ;b/d'sfd ghLs} /x]sf] ljANofF6] ahf/af6 df]6/af6 hd'gfsf] :s'n8fF8f ;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 eg] ToxfFaf6 8]9 306fsf] k}bn ofqf kl5 xfFu]yfd k'Ug ;lsG5 . xfFu]yfdaf6 ef/tLo l;dfjtL{ If]q s}ofs§f, u}/Laf;, hf}af/L / cf;kf;sf If]qx?df hfg ;lsG5 . rf]of6f/ ;fd'bflos jgM Onfd lhNnfs} pQ/k'jL{ uflj; hd'gfdf cjl:yt rf]of6f/ ;fd'bflos jg ljZjs} b'n{e jGohGt' /]8kf08fsf] ;+/If0f / u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] k|f/De;Fu} ev{/} ljslzt x'b} uPsf] ko{6sLo :yn /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo ;d'bfon] o; jg If]qdf /]8kf08fsf] af;:yfg ;+/If0f u/L cfuGt's cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx?sf] nflu /]8kf08f cjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfPsf]5 . ;fy} :yfgLo :t/df xf]d:6] k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]5 . rf]of6f/ k'Ugsf nflu Onfd ;b/d'sfd ghLs}sf] ljANofF6] ahf/af6 ;8softfoftsf] dfWodn] hd'gfsf] a'waf/] ahf/ x'b} OË\nf rf]of6f/ k'Ug ;lsG5 .

/]8kf08f l;l4y'DsfM l;l4y'Dsf Onfd lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 !% lsnf]ld6/ klZrddf cjl:yt /x]sf]5 . ;d'b| ;txaf6 !^(# dL6/sf] prfO{df cjl:yt l;l4y'Dsf r'nL ;'of]{bo / ;'of{:t b[Zofjnf]sg tyf wfld{s cf:yfsf] b[li6n] k|l;4 /x]sf]5 . o; afx]s chDa/]8fF8f -hLtk'/ / l;l4y'Dsfsf] l;dfgf_, vfGb|'Ë u'kmf -b]jL 9fF8_, gfdynf, k'mnjf/L, kf]v/LufFp, k+v]n'Ë emgf{, /ftf]kfgL, kmfNu'gGb dfª\lxd -dlGb/_, l;+xb]jL:yfg, hnsGofb]jL -;f]ofs_ nufotsf cfsif{s ko{6sLo uGtAox? /x]sf5g\ . l;l4y'Dsfr'nL eGbf blIf0f k'j{df /x]sf] ;f]ofs ;'Gtnf v]tL, wfgv]tL nufot s[lif pTkfbgsf b[li6n] lgs} pTs[i6 :ynsf ?kdf lrlgG5 . o;sf] blIf0fL e]uaf6 b]lvg] dfO{3'lDt cToGt dgdf]xs nfUb5 .

23

dfO{3'lDtsf] b[Zo cGt'M Onfdsf k"jL{ ;LdfGt uflj;x? >LcGt' / ;dfna'ªdf k}mlnP/ /x]sf] cGt' ko{6sLo If]q g]kfnsf rlr{t ko{6sLo uGtJox? dWo]df kb{5 . o; e]udf u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] xf]d:6] k|0ffnL cGt'af6} z'? ePsf] dflgG5 . ;'of]{bosf] b[Zofjnf]sg, cGt'kf]v/L, nfKRff ;+:s[lt / u|fdL0f hghLjgsf] cjnf]sg, ;'gufef k"mnv]tL cflb oxfFsf] d'Vo cfsif{0fx? /x]sf5g\ . sflt{s b]lv kf}if ;Dd ;'of]{bo cjnf]sgsf nflu pko'Qm ;do dflGg5 .

cGt'af6 b]lvPsf] ;"of]{bosf] b[Zo cGt'8fF8faf6 s~rgh+3f lxdfn, ef/tLo l;dfjtL{ If]q, Onfdsf clwsf++z If]q tyf emfkf lhNnfsf dgf]/d e"–efux? cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . u'kmfkftfn >LcGt' uflj;sf] ef/tLo l;dfjtL{ If]qdf cjl:yt csf]{ /d0fLo uGtJo:yn xf] . o;sf ;fy} g]kfnsf] k"jL{ l;dfgfsf] d]rL gbLsf] pb\ud :yn ;d]t >LcGt' uflj;df g} /x]sf]5 . Onfd lhNnfdf u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] of]hgfj4 z'?jft klg cGt'af6} ePsf] xF'bf :yfgLo:t/df ko{6gsf] ;+:s[ltsf] cg'e'lt ug{ ;lsG5 . jif]{gL xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx? cGt' cfpg] ub{5g\ .

24

sGofdM Onfd ;b/d'sfdaf6 $$ lsnf]ld6/ k"j{df d]rL /fhdfu{df kg]{ ko{6sLo :yn xf] sGofd . d]rL /fhdfu{d} kg]{ ePsfn] sGofd ;a}sf] kx'Frdf kb{5 . lrofjufgsf] /d0fLo b[Zosf nflu k|l;4 sGofdn] b]zL ljb]zL ;a}nfO{ cfslif{t ub}{ cfPsf]5 . lbgx'F ;+of}+sf] ;+Vofdf cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx? lrofaufgsf] b[Zo cjnf]sg, lkslgs tyf 3'dlkm/sf nflu cfpg] ub{5g\ . o; :yfgdf ;fdfGo lrofvfhf / vfgkLg sf] Joj:yf eP klg xf]6n af;sf] Joj:yf eg] ghLs} /x]sf] lkmSsn / xs{6]ahf/df pknAw /x]sf]5 . oxfFsf] lrofaf/Lsf] dgf]/d b[Zo / lr;f] xfjfkgLn] cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx?nfO{ cflsif{t u/L/x]sf]5 . ;'of]{bo, n]Krf hftLsf] ;+:s[lt tyf u|fdL0f /xg;xg oxfFsf cGo ko{6sLo cfsif{0fx? x'g\ .

sGofd lrofaf/L kfyLe/f -sf]na'·_M

Onfd lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 $( lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f k'j{df /x]sf] sf]na'Ë uflj;sf] xfF;kf]v/L l:yt kfyLe/fb]jLsf] dlGb/ wfld{s :ynsf ?kdf kl/lrt /x]sf]5 . . xf;kf]v/L If]q h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b[li6n] ;d]t dxTjk'0f{ /x]sf]5 . ljZjd} b'n{e dflgPsf] kfgL uf]xf]/f], s/Lj $) k|sf/sf ;'gfv/L, l;:g', nufotsf jg:klt / r/fr'?ËLx? kfOG5g\ . tfKn]h'Ësf] k|l;4 wfld{s If]q kfyLe/f b]jLsL alxgLsf ?kdf lnOg] sfG5L kfyLe/f dlGb/ k'jf{~rnd} Ps k|l;4 wfld{s :yn dflgG5 . k'jf{~rn el/af6 xhf/f} wfld{s ko{6sx? o; :yfgdf cfpg] ub{5g\ . oftfoftsf] ;'udtfsf sf/0f xhf/f} wfld{s ko{6sx? kfyLe/f bz{g ug{ cfpg] ub{5g\ . dlGb/ b]lv s]lx tn d]rL /fhdfu{;Fu} hf]l8Psf] xfF;kf]v/L /x]sf]5 . o; :yfgdf cfpg] cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx?sf nflu vfglkg tyf lsgd]nsf] ;'ljwf ghLs}sf] ;fgf] ahf/af6 kfpg ;lsG5 . u'kmfy'DsLM Onfd lhNnfsf] klZrdL Jofkfl/s s]Gb| dËnaf/] / zflGt8fF8f uflj;sf] l;df If]qdf /x]sf] u'kmfy'DsL ;'of]{bo b[Zofjnf]sg, k|fs[lts b[Zofjnf]sg tyf lkslgs:ynsf ?kdf /d0fLo If]q /x]sf]5 . of] :yfg ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 !( ;o dL6/sf] prfO{df /x]sf]5 . oxfFsf] gfuL, 3fF;] If]q, ;'g'jf/ / z]kf{ hftLsf] e]ife'iff, /xg;xg / k/Dkf/ut ;Dkbfx? ko{6sx?sf nflu d'Vo cfsif{0fsf ?kdf /x]sf5g\ . ko{6sLo :ynsf ?kdf of]hgfa4 ljsf; / k|j4{g ug{ cem} afFsL /x]tfklg of] ;Defjgfo'Qm ko{6sLo uGtAosf ?kdf eg] kl/lrt /x]sf]5 . kfgL6f/ -d+unaf/]_M Onfdsf] klZrdL Jokfl/s s]Gb| d+unaf/] / ;fË?Daf uflj;sf] l;dfgfdf cjl:yt kfgL6f/ lrofaf/Lsf] dgf]/d b[Zocjnf]sg, 3'dlkm/ / lkslgs :ynsf ?kdf lrlgPsf] ko{6sLo uGtAo xf] . g]kfn6f/–dËnaf/] ;8sdfu{sf] ufu|] e~HofËaf6 s/Lj Ps lslnf]ld6/ b'/Ldf cjl:yt kfgL6f/df xf]rf xf]rf y'Dsfy'DsLdf lrofaf/Lsf dgf]/d b[Zox?n] cfuGt'sx?nfO{ cfslif{t ub{5 . ljz]if u/L cfGtl/s ko{6sLo uGtAo tyf lkslgs :ynsf ?kdf o;nfO{ ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 .

25

dfªdfn'·M

Onfd lhNnfsf] klZrdL If]qsf] pTs[i6 ko{6sLo uGtAo / wfld{s cf:yfsf] s]Gb|sf] gfd xf]– OefË uflj; j8f g+= % / afFemf] uflj; j8f g+= ^ sf] l;dfgfdf cjl:yt dfªdfn'Ë . o; If]qdf ljz]if u/L /fO{ ls/fFt ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf]5 . dfªdfn'Ësf] 3gf / k|fs[lts ?kdf /d0fLo jg, lrofsf/L / ;Nnfsf] sf]0fwf/L jgsf] b[Zon] o; If]qnfO{ lgs} cfsif{s agfPsf]5 . dfªdfn'Ë wfld{s If]q ;d]t /x]sf]n] o;sf] bz{g ug{ jif]{gL ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf emfkf, df]/+u, ;'g;/L, t]x|y'd, kfFry/, tfKn]h'Ë b]lvsf eQmhg / ko{6sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ . lxpFbsf] ;dodf ;8softfoftsf] /fd|f] ;'ljwf ePsfn] jif]}gL o;/L 3'Dg cfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof a9L/x]sf]5 . dfªdfn'Ë If]qdf Pp6} cf}nfn] xNnfpg ;lsg] t/ w]/}hgfn] an ubf{ ;d]t kN6fpg g;Sg] cnf}lss 9'+uf, bh{g a9L k|fs[lts u'kmf,9'+ufsf ljleGg cfs[lt / b]j:ynx? /x]sf5g\ . oxfF jif]{gL k'hfcfhf / 3'kaQL ug]{ eQmhgx?sf] 3'Orf] g} nfUb5 . Tolx kljq wfld{s / ko{6sLo If]qsf] sfvdf dfªdfn'Ë kf]v/Lsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] 5 . kf]v/Lsf] 5]cf}df 9'+uf /x]sf] 5, h'g klxn] Pp6} lyof] . To;sf] af6f] dflg;x? lx8\b} gfu-dfp_n] dfG5] vfg] ub{Yof] . w]/}k6s o:tf] ePkl5 dxf/fgL ljh'jfgL cfP/ hf]vfgf x]bf{ dfp /x]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 dfg{ ;lsG5 ls ;lsb}g eg]/ yfnn] 9'+ufnfO{ xfGbf 9'+uf ;ftrfgf eof] . clxn] To; :yfgdf ;ft 6'qm 9'+uf b]Vg ;lsG5 . dfp dfl/;s]kl5 To;sf] /utn] kf]v/L /ftfDo eof] / kf]v/Lsf] csf]{ 5]paf6 km'6L xfnsf] /t'jf vf]nfdf lgl:sof] . To; kl5 Tof] vf]nfnfO{ /Q'mjf elgGYof] . Tolx /Q'mjfaf6 cke|zM x'b} clxn] To;vf]nfsf] gfd /t'jf /xg uPsf] lsDabGtL /x]sf] kfOG5 . ldSnfrf]ª -;fSkmf/f_M Onfd, kfFry/, wgs'6f / df]/+usf] ;Ldfgfdf kg]{ sl/a @*)) ld6/sf] prfOdf /x]sf] ldSnfrf]ª 8fF8fnfO{ hglha|fn] ldSnfh'Ë elgG5 . of] gfdsf] gflnj]ln s]nfpFbf /fO{ / lnDa' efiffnfO{ x]g'{ kg]{ eof] . /fO{ efiffdf dSknf eg]sf] dflnËf] / rf]d eg]sf] r'r'/f] x'Fbf] /x]5 . dflnËf] dgUu] kfOg] To; 8fF8fnfO{ dSknfrf]d eGb} hfFbf ldSnfrf]ª eof] xf]nf eg]/ ;xh cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . lnDa' efiffdf lds eg]sf] cfFvf / h'ª eg]sf] zL/ x'G5 . o; 8fF8faf6 ;Dk"0f{ k"jf{~rn b]lvg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ lds\h'ª eGg yflnof] / la:tf/} otf /fO{x?sf] al:t k}mlnPkl5 /fO{ efiff z}nL cg'?k aLrdf nf ylkP/ ldSnfh'ª ePsf] x'g ;S5 eGb5g\ Totfsf hfgsf/ . cg]s yl/sf jg:klt / jGohGt'sf] jf; /x]sf] of] cfsif{s 8fF8f] o; If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ ko{sLo ;Dkbf / uGtJo x'g;S5 . o; 8fF8f;+u wfld{s cf:yf klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . 8fF8fsf] zL/df dflg;x?n] zLnf /fv]/, lqz"nx? uf8]/ k"hf u/]sf], whfktfsf kmx/fPsf], lbof] / l;Ssfx? r8fPsf] kfOG5 . s]xL aif{ cl3 ljb]zLx?sf] Pp6f 6f]nLn] o; If]qsf] e|d0f u/]sf] :yfgLox? atfpF5g\ . ;fob s'g} k|sf/sf] ;j]{If0f lyof] Tof] . 8fF8fdf Pp6f ;fgf] kSsL lkn/ ufl8Psf] 5 hf] ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/ ljGb' x'g ;S5 . pgLx?n] j/k/ x]g{nfO{ 8fF8fsf ?v sf65fF6 u/]5g\ / dflg; eG5g\ Tof] wfdsf ?vlj?jf sf6\g] tL ;a} la/fdL k/] / s]xL lbgd} ltgsf] lgwg klg eof] . ;fob oxL cf:yfsf sf/0f 8fF8fsf] dflyNnf] efusf] hËn clxn];Dd ;'+/lIft 5 . h] xf];\, ldSnfrf]ª 8fF8fnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ To; If]qnfO{ Pp6f /fd|f] ko{6sLo uGtJo agfpg ;lsg] k|r'/ ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf nflu wgs'6f, df]/+u, kfFry/ / Onfdn] ;xsfo{ ug]{ xf] eg] ToxfF ug{ ;lsg] w]/} s'/f 5g\ . 8fF8fsf] s]xL tnaf6 ;8s uPsf] 5 ;fskmf/f x'Fb} kfFry/ eP/ wgs'6fsf] ^ gDa/ a'waf/]lt/ . of] ;8sn] Onfd, kfFry/ / wgs'6fnfO{ hf]8]sf] 5 eg] a'waf/]af6 df]/Ë tkm{ klg ;8s ;~rfngdf 5 .

dfª;]a'· -nf?Daf_

lzjflns If]q cGtu{t afFemf] uflj;sf] j8f g+ =* / ( df kg]{ nf?Daf dfª;]a'ª -dfªÖ k/d]Zj/, ;]Ö kljq, a'ªÖ :yn_ ls/ft wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf cf:yfjfgx?sf nflu k|d'v cf:yfsf] s]Gb| xf] . /fli6«o lje"lt dxfu'? kmfNu'gGb lnª\b]gåf/f k|f/De ul/Psf ;dfh ;'wf/sf sfo{x?nfO{ ult k|bfg ub}{ ls/ft wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] klg ;dofg's"n

26

JofVof u/L pgs} kgflt ls/ft wd{u'? cfTdfgGb lnª\b]gåf/f cf:yfjfgx?nfO{ ;+ul7t u/L of] If]qnfO{ Pp6f wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts s]Gb|sf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . of] :yfg ls/ft efiff / lnkLsf] cWoog s]Gb| klg xf] . x/]s jif{sf] dªl;/ !* ut] ls/ft wd{u'? cfTdfgGbsf] hGdlbg / kmfu'g # ut] u'?dfsf] hGdlbgsf lbg g]kfn / g]kfn aflx/ w]/} 7fpFaf6 o; :yfgdf w]/} ;+Vofdf dflg;x? e]nf x'g] ub{5g\ . 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf u'?åf/f Ps ls/ft xfª;fd d'hf]n'ª dfªlxd -ls/ft lzjfno s]Gb|Lo dlGb/_ sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . 8fF8fsf] lardf rqmkydf eQmhgsf cf>d tyf 3/x? 5g\ . vf;u/L åGåsf sf/0f @)%* ;fnb]lv ;'/Iff ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL k"jf{~rnsf bz lhNnfsf ls/ft wdf{jnDjL dflg;x? o; :yfgdf cfP/ a;f]aff; ug{ ;'? u/]kl5 oxfF 3gf al:t ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L ljleGg :yfgaf6 cfPsf dflg;x?sf] a;f]af; ePsf sf/0f oxfF ljljw k/Dk/f / rngx? ;d]t b]Vg kfOG5 . uh'/d'vL M Onfd lhNnfsf] klZrdL If]qdf b]pdfO{ vf]nfsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt uh'/d'vLwfd lxGb' tyf ls/fFt wdf{jnDaLx?sf nflu kljq wfld{s :yn xf] . ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 $*) ld6/ prfO{df cjl:yt of] wfddf jif]{gL xhf/f} wfld{s ko{6sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ . uh'/d'vLb]jLnfO{ jf0fL / ;Gtfg bflogL b]jLsf ?kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . ljut s]lx jif{ b]lv o; If]qdf u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] cjwf/0ffn] 7fFp kfpg yfn]sf]5 . o; :yfgdf cfpg] ko{6sx?sf nflu wfd ghLs}sf] ;fgf] ahf/df a:g / vfgfsf] ;'ljwf pknAw /x]sf]5 .

uh'/d'vL dlGb/ y'Ds]8F“8f / gof“ahf/ M

Onfdsf] pQ/k'jL{ If]qdf Kofª, gofFahf/ / hf]udfO{ uflj;sf] l;dfIf]qdf cjl:yt y'Ds]8fF8f ;'of]{bo, k|fs[lts b[Zo / h}ljsljljwtfsf] cjnf]sgsf b[li6n] cfsif{s ko{6sLo uGtAo /x]sf]5 . of] ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 sl/a @% ;o dL6/sf] prfO{df cjl:yt /x]sf]5 . k'jL{ Onfdsf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb| gofFahf/ x'b} df]6/df k'Ug ;lsg] y'Ds]8fF8f af6 k'jL{ l;dfjtL{ If]q hf}af/L / cf;kf;sf If]qdf hfg ;d]t ;lhnf] x'G5 . ljZjs} b'n{e jGohGt' /]8k08f, ljljwtfk'0f{ jgh+un / cfsif{s e"kl/b[Zo oxfFsf] ljz]iftf xf] . oxfF cfpg] ko{6sx?sf nflu gofFahf/df vfg / a:gsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf pknAw /x]sf]5 .

27

gof“ahf/

gofFahf/df ;dfh;'wf/s afnfu'? dlGb/, u'Daf / /d0fLo pQ/] kf]v/L ;d]t cfsif{s uGtAosf ?df /x]sf]5 . Onfdsf] lkmSsnaf6 jiff}{e/L / Onfd ;b/d'sfdaf6 dfO{vf]nf, ;f]ofª x'b} lxFpbdf gofFahf/ k'Ug ;lsG5 . gofFahf/ eGbf s]lx pQ/ klZrddf ;f]ofª uflj;sf] l;l/;] eGg] :yfgdf /d0fLo k|fs[lts kf]v/L dn'kf]v/L cjl:yt /x]sf]5 . hf]udfO{ / gofFahf/df z]kf{ / yfdL ;+:s[ltsf] ;d]t cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . hf}af/L, t'lDn· / d]UdfM

Onfd lhNnfsf] hd'gf uflj;sf] ;'b'/k'jL{ e]udf cjl:yt hf}af/L l;dfjtL{ Jofkfl/s ynf] / ko{6sLo :yn xf] . Onfd lhNnfsf ljleGg k|fs[lts :yfgx?sf] b[Zofjnf]sg, ;u/dfyf, s~rgh+3f nufotsf lxd>[+vnfx?sf] b[Zofjnf]sg tyf z]kf{, ef]l6of /xg;xg / ;+:s[ltsf] cjnf]sgsf nflu hf}af/L kl/lrt /x]sf]5 . hf}af/Laf6 $ lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fsf] ef/tLo l;dfjtL{ If]qdf csf]{ ;fgf] j:tL t'lDnË / To;eGbf @ lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fdf d]Udf cjl:yt /x]sf]5 . o; If]qdf l;dfjtL{ 6«]lsª (Boarder Trekking), g]kfn tyf ef/tLo If]qsf] b[Zofjnf]sg, l;+xlnnf g]zgn kfs{sf] cjnf]sg k|d'v cfsif{0fsf ?kdf /x]sf5g\ . vf; u/L ef/tLo e"ld x'b} ;Gbsk'/ cfpg] ef/tLo tyf t]>f]d'n'ssf ko{6sx? olx dfu{ eP/ hfg] x'bfF lbgx'Fh;f] o; If]qdf ko{6sx?sf] exnkxn eO/xG5 . ko{6sx?sf vfg tyf a:gsf] cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf ;DkGg xf]6x? o; If]qdf /x]sf5g\ . Onfd ;b/d'sfdaf6 hd'gf uflj;, gofFahf/ y'Ds] x'b} jf kz'kltgu/ uf]v]{ nfldw'/f x'b} oL :yfgx? ;Dd df]6/af6 of k}bnofqf u/L k'Ug ;lsG5 . Onfd ;b/d'sfdM Onfd lhNnfsf] Onfd ;b/d'sfd cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx?sf lglDt csf]{ cfsif{s uGtAo xf] . Onfdahf/sf afb{nL ;lxtsf uf]ljGb] z}nLsf 3/x?, ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lrofaufg, P]ltxfl;s lrof sf/vfgf tyf l;+xaflxgL, gf/fo0f:yfg, ;]tLb]jL, z+s/Lb]jL, dfO:yfg, eLd;]g:yfg, dlGb/, af}4 u'Daf cflb cfsfif{s :yfnx? /x]sf5g\ .

28

k/Dk/fut ?kdf nfUb} cfPsf] ljlxaf/] xf6 lhNnf aflx/ tyf ljb]zaf6 cfpg] ko{6sx?sf nflu csf]{ cfsif{0f xf] . ko{6sx?sf nflu a:g / vfgsf nflu s]lx ;'ljwf;DkGg xf]6nx? oxfF ;~rflnt 5g\ . Onfd lhNnfsf ko{6sLo ;'rgfx? k|jfxsf nflu ko{6g ;'rgfs]Gb| Onfd ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf5g\ eg] l;ldt ;+Vofdf 6';{ P08 6«feN; Ph]G;Lx? klg ;~rfngdf /x]sf5g\ .

;b/d'sfd Onfd ahf/ kf6]gfuL -k'jfde'mjf_M kf6]gflu k'jfde'mjf uflj;df kb{5 . k|f= 8f= s] cf/ vDa'n] oxfF ljz]if k|hfltsf kfxf kfOg] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5 of] 7fpF rrf{df cfPsf] 5 . of] 7fpF d]rL /fhdfu{sf] af3vf]/af6 glhsdf kb{5 . o; If]qdf b'O{ ;'Gb/ em/gfx? Klg 5g\ . ljleGg k|hfltsf jg:kltsf] k|r'/tf ePsf] o; If]qdf hl8a'6L v]lt ;d]t ul/G5 . o; If]qsf rlr{t d'lt{sf/ :j= nfnk|;fb /fO{n] s'Fb]sf] sl/a !% lkm6 cUnf] lzjsf] d"lt{ oxfFsf] csf]{ cfsif{0f xf] . em\ofpFkf]v/L -hLtk'/_M Onfd lhNnf ;b/d'sfdaf6 klZrddf /x]sf] hLtk'/ uflj;sf] j8f g+= @ / $ sf] jLrdf ;dGb|L ;txaf6 !$!* dL6/sf] prfO{df cjl:yt em\ofpkf]v/L o; If]qsf] wfld{s / ko{6sLo dxTj /x]sf] ko{6sLo :yn xf] . a]n'sL ;femdf em\ofpls/Lsf] cfjfhn] kf]v/L cf;kf;sf] If]q u'~hodfg x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] gfd klg em\ofpkf]v/L /xg uPsf] ljZjf; :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] /x]sf]5 . klxn] o; 7fpdf 7'nf] kf]v/L /x]sf] lyof] . t/ clxn] kf]v/L ;'s]sf] 5 . jiff{tsf] ;dodf dfq kf]v/Ldf s]lx kfgL hDg] ub{5 . kfFrj6f s'gfdf km}lnPsf] /d0fL0 kf]v/Lsf] jLrdf cUnf] y'DsL / jl/kl/sf] xl/ofnL jg, / lrofjufg o; If]qnfO{ /d0fLo agfPsf]5 . kf]v/L s;/L pTklt ePsf] xf], To;sf af/]df t s'g} 7f]; k|df0fx? e]l6b}gg\ t/ klxn]sf] 7'nf] kf]v/Ldf kmf]xf]/d}nf x'b} uPkl5 ToxfFsf b]jtf afhfahfpb} uPkl5 kf]v/L ;'Sg yfn]sf] :yfgLo a'9fkfsfx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf]5 . kf]v/L ljzfn /x]sf] a]nf ToxfF af]sf, s'v'/f efs]/ k'hfcfhf ul/GYof] . w'n] k'hf eAo?kdf ul/GYof] . kf]v/Lsf] ghLs} bQfqo dlGb/ /x]sf]5 . sltkon] kf]v/L 7'nf] ePsf] a]nf xfF;x? k|z:t} x'Gy] / tL xfF; df/]kl5 kf]v/L ;'Sb} uPsf] ljZjf; ub{5g\ . kf]v/Lsf] k"j{tkm{ jgh+un / pQ/klZrddf afSnf] a:tL / blIf0ftkm{ ;'Gb/ lrofaf/L /x]sf]5 . kf]v/Ldf klxn] klxn] nfld5fg]x?n] k'hfcfhf ug]{ ub{y] t/ clxn] ;fd'lxs ?kdf x'g] ub{5 . em\ofpkf]v/Lsf] bz{g u/]df k'hfcfhf u/]df dgf]sfdgf k'/f x'G5 eGg] wfld{s ljZjf; /x]sf]5 . kf]v/Lsf] jLrdf /x]sf] y'DsLdf Pp6f s[i0f dlGb/ lgdf{0fflwg /x]sf]5 . :yfgLoaf;Lsf cg';f/ To;kf]v/Ldf gfu b]vfk/]sf] lyof] / gfusf] ;d]t k'hfcfhf x'g] ub{5 . s[i0fci6dLsf lbg o; :yfgdf ljz]if k'hfcfhf x'g] ub{5 . lj=;=@)%&÷)%* ;fndf em\ofpkf]v/Lsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ kb{5 eg]/ ;+sNk o'jf ;dfh u7g eO{ lqmoflzn /xb} cfPsf]5 . o; :yfgaf6 l;l4y'Dsf, hLtk'/ /

29

l;l4y'Dsfsf] l;dfdf cjl:yt chDa/]8fF8f / uh'/d'vL3fd ;xh} hfg ;lsg]5 . hLtk'/df vfgkLg / a;f]af;sf nflu u|fdL0f ahf/ tyf xf]6nx? pknAw /x]sf5g\ . tLgs'g]kf]v/L / s]?ªkf]v/L -r'nfr'nL_M Onfd lhNnfsf] ;'b'/ blIf0fsf] emfkf lhNnf;Fu hf]l8Psf] uflj; r'nfr'nLsf] j8f g+= $ df]/Ë] emf]8fdf ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 !^$ dL6/sf] prfO{df cjl:yt tLgs'g] kf]v/L o; If]qs} dxTjk'0f{ ;+/If0f kf]v/L ;lxtsf] ko{6sLo :yn xf] . kfgLsf] ;|f]t ;+/If0f, l;+rfO{ / ko{6sLo b[li6n] of] kf]v/L lgs} dxTjk'0f{ /x]sf]5 . uflj;s} j8f g+= # / $ df /x]sf] tLgs'g] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xsf] cu|;/tfdf of] kf]v/Lsf] ;+/If0f sfo{ eO/x]sf]5 . lj=;= @)%! ;fn b]lv of] kf]v/Lsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ljz]if kxn x'g yfn]sf] xf] . clxn] o;sf] ;+/If0f tyf ko{6sLo k|jw{gsf nflu :yfgLo :t/df ;ldlt g} u7g eO{ lqmoflzn /xb} cfPsf]5 . @)%! ;fn cl3 ;Dd ;fdfGo l;d;f/ If]q /x]sf] o; 7fFpdf lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{no, ONffd, cfOo'l;Pg\ tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] kxndf ;+/If0f kf]v/L lgdf{0f u/]kl5 jl/kl/sf] hUufhdLgdf l;+rfO{ dfq xf]Og jgh+unsf] ;+/If0f / ko{6sLo cfsif+{0fsf ?kdf ;d]t /xb} cfPsf]5 . ko{6sLo cfsif{0f a9fpg kf]v/L ghLs} dlGb/ ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf]5 . r'nfr'nL uflj;s} j8f g+= % df ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 !^* dL6/ prfO{df cjl:yt s]?ªkf]v/L If]q oxfFsf] csf]{ ko{6sLo cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| xf] . ls/fFtL ;d'bfon] lzj a;f]af; ug]{ tnfpsf ?kdf o;nfO{ lng] ub{5g\ . kf]v/L If]qdf ls/fFt ;d'bfon] ;+;f/L k"hf ;d]t ug]{ ub{5g\ . of] If]qdf ljz]if u/L hghftL ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; /x]sf]5 . bnbn If]qsf ?kdf klxn] b]lv /x]sf] o; If]qnfO{ lj=;= @)%^ ;fn b]lv ;+/If0f sfo{ z'? ePkl5 clxn]sf] h:tf] kf]v/L ag]sf] :yfgLo hfgsf/x?sf] egfO{ /x]sf]5 . vf; u/L oL b'j} :ynx? cfGtl/s ko{6sx?sf nflu dgf]/~hg, lkslgs tyf cWoog cjnf]sgsf] :ynsf ?kdf ;Defjgfo'Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 . dfa'yfdM Onfd lhNnfsf] pQ/L uflj; dfa'df cjl:yt dfa'yfd / cf;kf;sf If]qx? ko{6sLo b[li6n] lgs} /d0fLo If]qsf ?kdf /x]sf]5 . o; If]qdf /x]sf] af}4 ;d'bfosf] ;fwgf s]Gb| 8'Vofª u'kmf, af}4 u'Daf, /ldt] 9'Ëf, dfa'yfd, afnfu'? u'kmf, bf]af6], nfnaf; l;d;f/ If]q, ljZjs} b'n{e jGohGt' kfOg] an'ag, ef/tLo l;dfjtL{ If]q, sfnkf]v/L / lav]e~HofË ko{6sLo cfsif{0fsf If]qx? x'g\ . o; :yfgaf6 ghLs} /x]sf] csf]{ ko{6sLo uGTfAo ;Gbsk'/ ;d]t hfg ;lsG5 . k|fs[lts bZofjnf]sg, h}ljs ljljwtf cjnf]sg tyf u|fdL0f /xg;xgsf] cWoogsf nflu of] If]q dxTjk'0f{ /x]sf]5 . Onfd ;b/d'sfdaf6 ljANofF6], ;'n'a'Ë, dfOvf]nf, ;f]daf/] ahf/ x'b} hLkaf6 nueu # 306fsf] ofqfdf dfa'yfd k'Ug ;lsG5 . ko{6sx?sf nflu l;ldt ;+Vofdf xf]6n / xf]d:6]x? ;~rflnt /x]sf5g\ .

kz'kltgu/M ef/tsf] bflh{lnË lhNnf;+u ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] kz'kltgu/ ef/tlt/af6 g]kfn k|j]z ug]{ k|d'v kxf8L gfsf xf] . oxfF b}lgs 7"nf] ;+Vofdf bflh{lnËlt/af6 ef/tLo ko{6sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ . oxfF Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no, ;Ldf k|zf;g, eG;f/ nufotsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox? 5g\ . oxfFsf] ahf/df t];|f] d'n'ssf ;fdu|Lx? kfOg] x'gfn] bflh{lnË e|d0fdf cfPsf ef/tLo ko{6sx? lsgd]n ug{ oxfF cfpFb5g\ . oxfFsf xf]6]nx?n] ko{6sx?sf cfwf/e"t dfunfO{ ;Djf]wg u/]sf] 5 . wfld{s b[li6af6 klg ko{6sx? oxfF cfpFb5g\ . oxfF kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/ 5 . Onfdsf] z}lIfs If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf ;Gt :jfdL ;f]d]Zj/fgGbn] oxfF cf>d agfO a;]sf lyP . pgn] k|of]u u/]sf] kfgLsf] s'jf nufotsf P]ltxfl;s s'/fx?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . kz'kltsf] ?Ë;'Ëdf /x]sf] b'O{tn] emgf{ cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 . To:t} o;} uflj;sf] d]x]naf]6]df cjl:yt d+unwfd dlGb/ o; If]qsf s[i0f k|0ffdL ;+k|bfosf dflg;x?sf] d'Vo tLy{:yn /lxcfPsf] 5 . o; uflj;df k'/fgf af}4 u'Dafx? ;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . kz'kltgu/sf] ?ª\;'ªdf cjl:yt tLg tn] emgf{

30

lkmSsnM emfkf–Onfd d]rL /fhdfu{sf] aLr v08df kg]{ lkmSsn Onfdsf] k"jL{ Jofkfl/s s]Gb| xf] . oxL+af6 ;Ldfjlt{ kz'klg gu/ hfg] af6f] 5'6\b5 . o;n] Onfdsf] pQ/ k"jL{ efudf /x]sf gofF ahf/, uf]v]{ nufotssf If]q;+u ;f]emf] Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/ ub{5 . Jofkfl/s b[li6n] dfq} xf]Og ko{6gsf b[li6af6 klg of] 7fpF dxTjk"0f{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . d]rL /fhdfu{df rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] d'Vo la;f}gL ynf] klg lkmSsn g} xf] . nfKrfx?sf] a;f]jf;f] ePsf] lkmSsn If]q ;fF:s[lts b[li6af6 klg dxTj /fVb5 . o; If]qdf /x]sf km]G;f]ª u'Daf - j8f g+ ^_ / ofªyf]ª u'Daf -j8f g+= !_ P]ltxfl;s u'Dafx? x'g\ . kfGbfddf /x]sf] sfhL sf]7L nfKrfx?sf] p]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] ynf] xf] . lkmSsn ahf/sf] l;/fgdf /x]sf] dlGb/ / ljBfnosf] :yfkgf :jfdL ;f]d]Zj/fgGbn] ug'{ ePsfn] ltgsf] klg P]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] 5 . oxfF /x]sf] cn}+rL ljsf; s]Gb| g]kfndf g} Ps dfq cn}+rL ;DaGwL k|fljlws sfof{no xf] .

g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut ufO{hfqf

lnDa' hftLsf] Rofa|'Ë gfr

g]kfnsf] ;a} eGbf k'/fgf] lrof pBf]u

31

cWofo– # Onfdsf] bL3{sflng ko{6g Joj:yfkg of]hgf

bL3{sfnLg ;f]r (Vision): ;'Gb/ / ;d[4 Onfd . Onfdsf] ko{6gsf cfwf/:tDe k|s[lt / ;+:s[lt ePsfn] k|s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ko{6g of]hgfsf] k|fylds laifo /xg]5 . Onfd ;'Gb/ b]lvPsf] k|fs[lts sf/0fn] g} xf] . ctM oxfFsf] k|s[ltsf] ;+/If0f u/]/ Tof] ;f}Gbo{df clea[l4 ug'{ xfd|f nflu r'gf}lt / cj;/ b'a} xf] . ljsf;sf] xfd|f] clGtd nIf eg]sf] Onfdsf] ;d[l4 xf], Onfdjf;Lsf] ;d[l4 xf] . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, dfgjLo d"No dfGotfsf] ;d[l4 . ko{6g dfgjLo Jojxf/;+u h]lnPsf] pBd xf] . To;}n] ;d[4 x'gnfO{ cfly{s a[l4;+u} pRr ;fF:s[lts d"No dfGotfsf] klg ljsf; x'g' kb{5 . To;}n] 5f]6f] / ;/n zAbdf JoQm of] bL3{sflng ;f]r ul/dfo'Qm 5 .

Wo]o (Mission): k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ub}{ ko{6g pBf]usf] dfWodn] OnfdnfO{ ;d[4

agfpg] .

nIo (Goal): k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf ko{6g Joj;foLx¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ub}{ ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; /

lj:tf/ ug]{ .

p2]Zo (Objectives):

1= k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,

2= jx';+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ug]{,

3= ko{6sLo uGtJodf ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{,

4= Onfdsf ko{6sLo dfu{ / uGtJox?df ;f}GboL{s/0f -man made beautification_ ug]{,

5= ko{6gsf] ahf/Ls/0f ug]{,

6= ko{6g Joj;foLsf] Jofj;flos Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .

lgb{]zs l;4fGtx¿ (Guiding Principles) !, lghL If]q cfsif{0fM ko{6g pBf]uaf6 nfe k|fKt ug{] klxnf] ju{ eg]s} lghL If]q xf] . t;y{ nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f tof/ u/L ko{6gd"ns pBf]u :yfkgfdf lghL nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . o:tf] lghL nufgL klg oyf;Dej :yfgLo:t/af6 cfpg] jftfj/0f agfOg]5 .

32

@, ul/aL lgjf/0f Pjd\ /f]huf/L k|a4{gM ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu /f]huf/sf] cj;/nfO{ b[li6ut u/L åGå kLl8t, blnt, hghflt tyf pTkLl8t

ju{x¿sf nflu ko{6g;DaGwL ljz]if tflnd ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . lk5l8Psf u|fdL0f Pjd\ ljkGg ju{df ko{6g If]qaf6

cfo cfh{g Pjd\ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf / lj:tf/ u/L cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ug{]tkm{ lqmofsnfkx¿

;~rfng ul/g] 5g\ .

#, lbuf] ljsf;M k|s[lt k|bQ k|f0fL / jg:kltx¿sf] j+z / cg'j+z, hflt / k|hfltx¿nfO{ ;+t'ngdf /fvL k|fs[lts ;|f]t /

;fwgx¿sf] e08f/df k|lts"n c;/ x'g glbg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u/L ko{6g ljsf; ul/g]5 . dflg;, k|f0fL tyf

jftfj/0fsf cGo kIfx¿sf aLrdf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ glbO{ ljsf;sf ultljlwx¿ cufl8 a9fpg' cfhsf] r'gf}lt xf] .

ljsf;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf nflu dflg;n] k|s[lt;Fu ;'dw'/ ;DaGw /fvL lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu kof{j/0fLo :yfloTjtkm{

Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 . ljsf;nfO{ dfgj s]lGb|t agfpFb} /f]huf/L k|a4{g, ;fdflhs ;lDdng / jftfj/0f ;Gt'ngsf

ljleGg kIfx¿sf] ;Da4{g ub{} hgtfsf] hLjg–rqmdf ;'wf/ NofOg' kb{5 . lbuf] ljsf; d'Vo ¿kdf jftfj/0f,

;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts kIf / cfly{s ljsf;sf] Pp6f rqm xf], h;df Psn] csf{sf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;dfKt kfb{}g / cfly{s

ljsf;df lg/Gt/tf /lx/xG5 . t;y{ Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf qmddf k|fs[lts jf h}ljs ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, dflg;sf]

;f+:s[lts d"No dfGotf / k/Dk/fsf] arfp jf ;+/If0f / tL ;|f]tx¿sf] k|of]hg / cfly{s nfe efjL k':tfsf nflu klg

x'g' kb{5 jf To;n] ;sf/fTds k|efj b]vfpFb} hfg' kb{5 . ctM ;+:s[lt Pjd\ k|s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf ;j{;fwf/0fx¿sf]

;xeflutf h'6fO{ lognfO{ ko{6gsf] cleGg cª\usf¿kdf :yflkt ul/g] 5 .

$, ;dGjo, ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;xeflutfM ko{6sLo k|of]hgsf nflu ;|f]tsf ¿kdf /x]sf k|fs[lts, ;fF:s[lts tyf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ :yfgLo

lgsfo, ko{6g Joj;foL Pjd\ ;fF:s[lts lgsfoaLr ;dGjo u/fO{ ;+/If0f Pjd\ ;Da4{g ul/g] 5 . a9LeGbf a9L

:yfgLo ;d'bfo Pjd\ lgsfonfO{ ko{6gdf ;+nUg Pjd\ ;xefuL agfO{ u|fdL0f ko{6gnfO{ Ps cfly{s ljsNksf ¿kdf

:yflkt ul/g]5 . :yfgLo lgsfo, lghLIf]q, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;dGjo

u/L ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿aLr ;fem]bf/L ;~hfn :yfkgf ul/g]5 . ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf, ;fem]bf/L, /

;xsfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} pgLx¿sf] k|s[lt, sfo{If]q, bIftf / ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/df ;dGjo ub}{ ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

%, ;'zf;g Pjd\ ;+:yfut ljsf; M ljsf; lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ r':t, b'¿:t Pjd\ kf/bzL{ agfpg' kb{5 . ko{6g ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog

k|lqmofdf cl3 al9;s]sf / sfof{Gjog eO{ pknAwL xfl;n ePsf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f ;dIf kf/bzL{ t'NofOg]

5 . ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu :yfkgf ePsf ;+:yfut ;+oGqx¿df ;a} ju{ / kIfsf] ;xeflutf / ltgn] ug{] sfo{df

kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf sfod ul/g] 5 .

33

^, n}ª\lus ;dtf Pjd\ ;fdflhs GofoM ko{6g ljsf;sf k|To]s r/0fdf n}ª\lus e"ldsf ljZn]if0f u/L dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf clea[l4 x'g] jftfj/0f

l;h{gf ul/g] 5 . o;} u/L ;fdflhs Gofosf] l;4fGtcg'¿k ;dfhsf lk5l8Psf ju{, hflt tyf ;d'bfonfO{ ljsf;sf

ultljlwdf ;xefuL u/fO{ ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn pgLx¿nfO{ g} pkef]u u/fpg] gLlt cjnDjg ul/g] 5 .

&, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg M ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf lghLIf]qsf] ;xeflutf cflb ;a} If]qx¿af6 pknAw x'g] ;|f]tx¿nfO{

ko{6g If]qdf pkof]u ul/g] 5 . ;fy} ljsf;sf ;a} ultljlwx¿nfO{ ko{6g ljsf;;Fu hf]l8g] 5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf

nflu cfGtl/s ;|f]tx¿sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / afx\o ;|f]tx¿sf] vf]hL tyf kl/rfng ul/g] 5 .

*= dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;M ko{6g Joj;foLx¿sf] k]zfut bIftf clej[l4 ub}{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu ljleGg tflnd tyf

cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdx? ;~fng ul/g] 5g\ . bIf ko{6g hgzlQm pTkfbgdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg] 5 .

;dli6ut /0fgLltx¿ (Overall Strategies):

1= Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf; ubf{ ;+:s[lt Pjd\ k|s[ltnfO{ ko{6gsf] cleGg cª\usf¿kdf :yflkt ul/g],

2= Onfdsf] ;d[l4sf nflu ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿sf] ;xeflutf, ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/LtfnfO{

k|f]T;fxg ub}{ nlug],

3= ko{6g k|a4{g tyf ahf/Ls/0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg],

4= Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;df cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;|f]tx¿sf] klxrfg, kl/rfng tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{

nlug],

5= ;dfhsf lk5l8Psf ju{, hflt tyf ;d'bfonfO{ ko{6g ljsf;sf ultljlwdf ;xefuL u/fO{ k|fKt

k|ltkmndf pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr clea[l4 ul/g],

6= ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L sfod ub{} hfg],

7= u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g],

8= s[lifnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f ub{} o;nfO{ Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;;Fu hf]8\g],

9= Onfdsf ko{6g pkhx¿sf] k|j4{g Pjd\ gofF pkhx?sf] klxrfg tyf ljsf; ul/g],

10= ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; / ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] klxrfg u/L PsLs[t tYofª\sLo cfwf/

(Database) lgdf{0f ug{], ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbf :ynx¿sf] ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo lgsfo Pjd\

;j{;fwf/0fx¿sf] ;xeflutf clea[l4 ul/g],

11= ko{6gdf ljljwLs/0f ug{] / h}ljs ko{6g tyf /rgfTds Pjd\ gjLgtd ko{6gsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/

ul/g],

34

12= :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf lghLIf]q ljsf;sf] x/]s kIfdf ;zQm¿kdf cufl8 cfpFg]

k|of;df /x]sf] x'Fbf oL ;a} lgsfox¿sf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu k[ys–k[ys Pjd\ ;dGjofTds

e"ldsfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg],

13= ko{6g hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ;zQmLs/0fdf hf]8 lbO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfOg],

14= ko{6g ljsf;df ef}uf]lns–If]qut ljifdtf sd ub}{ hfg],

15= P]ltxfl;s, ;fF:s[lts Pjd\ wfld{s :ynx¿sf] ;+/If0f Pjd\ k|j4{gsf dfWodaf6 OnfdnfO{ ;fF:s[lts

ko{6sLo uGtJosf] :ynsf¿kdf tyf k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ / h}ljs ljljwtf cflbsf] ;+/If0f / k|a4{gaf6

kof{j/0fLo ko{6gsf] k|a4{gdfkm{t a9L eGbf a9L ko{6snfO{ cfsif{0f ug{],

16= ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ;xeflutfd'ns ;+:yfut ;+oGqx¿sf] lgdf{0f ul/g],

17= g]kfnsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] cleGg cª\usf] ¿kdf OnfdnfO{ :yflkt ug{],

18= b]zsf ljleGg ko{6g Joj;foLx¿ / Onfdsf ko{6g Joj;foLx¿aLr Jofj;flos sfo{hfnf] lgdf{0f

ug{],

19= nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f tof/ u/L ko{6gd"ns pBf]u :yfkgfdf lghL nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]

5 .

sfo{gLltM dfly plNnlvt /0fgLltx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf sfo{gLltx¿ ckgfOg]5 M != ko{6g ljljwLs/0f / lj:tf/ M Onfdsf] ko{6gdf ;d;fdlos ultljlwnfO{ ;d]6\b} hfg] u/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf ko{6sLo ultljlwx¿sf] cfwf/df

ljljwLs/0f / ljsf; ub{} nlug]5M

1= kbofqf ko{6g M kbofqfsf] b[li6n] kx'Fr gk'u]sf ;DefJo If]qdf kbofqf ko{6gnfO{ cfslif{t Pjd\

Jojl:yt ug{] sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g],

2= ;fxl;s ko{6g M ;fxl;s ko{6gsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;DefJotfsf] cWoog u/L ;f]sf] ;~rfngsf

nflu lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g],

3= ;fF:s[lts ko{6g M ljleGg hfthfltx¿sf] df}lns ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ub{} ;fF:s[lts ko{6gnfO{ hf]8

lbg] lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;~rfngdf :yfgLo lgsfo, hftLo÷;fF:s[lts ;d"xnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g],

4= wfld{s Pjd\ cfWoflTds ko{6g M ko{6sLo Pjd\ wfld{s b[li6n] dxTTjk"0f{ :yfg Pjd\ ;Dkbfx¿sf]

;+/If0f Pjd\ ljsf; u/L wfld{s ko{6gsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ul/g],

5= u|fdL0f ko{6g M u|fdL0f e]udf a;f]af; ug{] hgtfx¿sf] ko{6sLo ultljlwdf ;xeflutfnfO{

;'lglZrt u/L u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{],

6= rnlrq ko{6g M rnlrq 5fofFsgsf nflu rnlrq lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g],

7= kof{ko{6g M Onfdsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ / jg, jg:klt tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L

kof{ko{6gsf] ljsf; ul/g],

35

8= s[lif ko{6g M Onfdsf] s[lifnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f ub{} o;nfO{ Onfdsf] ko{6g ljsf;;Fu hf]8L s[lif

ko{6gnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{],

9= v]ns'b ko{6g M v]nk|]dL ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ljleGg v]ns'b sfo{qmdsf] ;dGjofTds

9ª\uaf6 k|a4{g tyf cfof]hgf ul/g],

10= lrof ko{6g M g]kfnsf] ;a} eGbf klxnf] :yfgdf ePsf] aufg / sf/vfgfsf] ;+/If0f ul/g] / lrof

kf/vLx?nfO{ lrofsf] pTkfbg / k|;f]wg af/] hfgsf/L lbg] sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ul/g] .

@= ko{6g k|a4{g tyf ahf/Ls/0f M

1= k|rf/ k|;f/sf] cjfen] cf]em]ndf k/]sf ;DefJo ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ko{6g k|a4{g ul/g],

2= u|fdL0f ko{6sLo ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ ;d]t pRr k|fyldstf lbO{ k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{],

3= k|fs[lts tyf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] k|rf/ tyf k|a4{g ul/g],

4= ko{6s pb\ud ahf/x¿df ljleGg k|a4{gfTds lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{],

5= ljBdfg ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] ahf/Ls/0f Pjd\ gofF ;DefJotfsf] klxrfg u/L To;tkm{ ko{6s

cfsif{0f ug{ cfw'lgs ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L k|rf/ k|;f/ / ljleGg k|a4{gfTds sfo{x¿ ug{],

6= :yfgLo lgsfo Pjd\ :yfgLo:t/sf] cu|;/tf / cfof]hgfdf ljleGg dxf]T;j, d]nf, cGt/lqmof h:tf

sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{],

7= ljb]zL d'n'sdf a;f]jf; u/]sf g]kfnLx¿ / pgLx¿sf] ;:yfnfO{ ko{6g k|j4{g / k|rf/ k|;f/df

pkof]u ug{],

8= ljleGg If]qx¿df ePsf ko{6sLo ;Dkbfx¿sf] 5'§f 5'§} ljlzi6 klxrfg agfO{ Ps :yfg Ps klxrfg

gLltnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{],

9= ljleGg k|rf/ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k|sfzgdfkm{t Onfdsf] ljlzi6tfsf af/]df ahf/Ls/0f ug{],

10= ko{6g ahf/sf] ;DefJo If]qx¿nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L ko{6g k|a4{g;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng

ug{] . :jb]zL Pjd\ ljb]zL ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ lk|06 tyf On]S6«f]lgs ldl8ofsf dfWodaf6

ko{6g;DaGwL Onfdsf] k|a4{gfTds sfo{qmdx¿, n]v, 8s'd]06«L cflb dfWodaf6 k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] .

:jb]z tyf ljb]zdf x'g] ko{6g d]nf tyf k|bz{gLdf efu lng] .

#= ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;M

1= ljBdfg k"jf{wf/ tyf ;'ljwfx¿sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ub{} ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynx¿df cfjZos kg{] ko{6sLo

k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ;DalGwt If]qut lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L PsLs[t k"jf{wf/

ljsf; tyf ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g],

2= cfjf; tyf ;/;'ljwf ;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df lghLIf]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g],

$= ko{6g of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{GjogM

lhNnfsf ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] :yfgLo :t/df ko{6g Joj:yfkg of]hgf th{'df u/L To;sf] sfof{Gjog

ul/g],

36

%= kbofqf ko{6gM

kbofqf dfu{x¿sf] klxrfg u/L ltgdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ub}{ kbofqf ko{6gnfO{ ljsf; tyf k|a4{g ug{], ^= cfWoflTds ko{6g tyf tLyf{6gM

1= dfO{kf]v/L, uh'/d'vL, dfª\;]a'ª, dfª\dfn'Ë h:tf If]qx¿ / af}4u'Daf ePsf If]qx?nfO{ cfWoflTds

ko{6g If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{],

2= cfWoflTds ;fwgf, Wofg, of]u;fwgf Pjd\ k|s[lts pkrf/ s]Gb|x¿sf] ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] .

&= ;/sf/ / lghL tyf cGo If]qsf] e"ldsfM

1= ko{6g ljsf;df ;/sf/L lgsfon] ;xhstf{, ;dGjostf{ / pTk|]/ssf] e"ldsf v]Ng] / o;n] ko{6sLo

k"jf{wf/, hgzlQm ljsf;, ;'/Iff, p4f/, cWoog cg';Gwfg, cGt/lhNnf ;dGjosf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{],

2= ko{6g Joj;fosf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg lghLIf]qaf6} x'g] u/L Jofj;flos jftfj/0f tof/ u/L

nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{],

3= nlIft ko{6sLo :ynx¿df ko{6g;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{ :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;+:yf,

:yfgLo pBdL ;d"x / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] .

*= cfGtl/s ko{6gM

1= cfGtl/s ko{6gsf nflu lghL If]qsf] ;dGjodf ljljw Kofs]hx¿sf] ljsf; Pjd\ k|a4{g ug{],

2= z}lIfs e|d0f / cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] Joj:yfsf] nflu k|f]T;flxt ug{],

3= ko{6s pb\ud If]qx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ljleGg k|a4{gfTds lqmofsnfkx¿sf dfWodaf6 cfGtl/s

ko{6g k|a4{g ug{],

(= afXo ko{6gM

1= Onfd e|d0fsf nflu ljljw Kofs]hx¿sf] ljsf; u/L afXo ko{6g ljsf; ug{], o;sf nflu ko{6g

ahf/sf ;DefJo If]qx¿nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L ko{6g k|a4{g;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng

ug{] .

!)= u|fdL0f ko{6gM

1= ljz]if k|fs[lts tyf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ ePsf Onfdsf ufpFx¿nfO{ :yfgLo hg;xeflutfsf

cfwf/df u|fdL0f ko{6g:ynsf ¿kdf ljsf; ul/g],

2= ;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts ljlzi6tfsf] ;+/If0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo ;d"bfo, hftLo–;fF:s[lts ;+3

;+u7gnfO{ kl/rfnfg ul/g],

3= ;d'bfodf :yflkt k/Dk/fut 1fgdf cfwfl/t ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f u/L ko{6sLo cfsif{0fsf] ¿kdf

ljsf; Pjd\ k|a4{g ug{] .

37

!! = kof{ko{6gM 1= jftfj/0f d}qL ko{6g Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ Joj;foLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{], 2= ljBdfg h}ljs ljljwtf Pjd\ jGohGt' cjnf]sgnfO{ ko{6sLo pkhsf] ¿kdf ljsf;, lj:tf/ /

k|a4{g ug{],

3= ko{6g ultljlwaf6 jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ glbg lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf cfrf/ ;+lxtf

lgdf{0f ug{] .

!@= :yfgLo pTkfbg k|a4{gM

1= ko{6g pBf]u;Fu cGt/;DalGwt s[lifhGo Pjd\ 3/]n' pBf]ux¿sf] PsLs[t ljsf; ug{] / pTkflbt

;fdfgx¿sf] laqmLsf] nflu ahf/Ls/0f ug{] .

!$= dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;M

1= :t/Lo ko{6g ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfjZos hgzlQm :ygLo:t/df tof/ ug{ ;xeflutfd"ns k|lzIf0f tyf

tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ ug]{ .

!%= ;+:yfut ljsf;M

1= ko{6g ljsf;sf] p2]Zo /fv]/ :yfgLo:t/df u7Lt ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut

ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .

!^= cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf clen]vLs/0fM

1= xfn lhNnfdf ko{6g;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgfx?sf] cefjnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL To:tf] ;"rgf ;+sng /

clen]vLs/0fsf nflu bLuf] k"jf{wf/ Pjd\ ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

!&=s[lif ko{6gM

1= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ljz]if dxTTj lbg],

2= s[lifhGo jg:klt Pjd\ hLjsf] cWoog cg'g;Gwfg ug{] tyf kof{j/0fLo ;]jf k|bfg ug{] hLjx¿

;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/L ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{],

3= k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo vfB / s[lif cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ;DalGwt s[ifssf] k/Dk/fut 1fg,

;Lk, vf]h k|ljlw k|of]u, cEof; cflbnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{],

4= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t ahf/ tyf pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg],

5= k/Dk/fut s[lifnfO{ cf}Bf]lusLs/0f u/L o;nfO{ ko{6g pBf]u;Fu ufF:g] .

!*= lrof ko{6gM Onfd g]kfndf lrofsf] cflbynf] xf] . Onfd ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf] lrof sf/vfgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] pBf]u

xf] . xfn k"jf{~rndf g} lrof lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ lrof ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] /fd|f] ynf] g]kfndf 5}g

. oxfF /x]sf k"jf{wf/n] OnfdnfO{ lrof cg';Gwfgsf] s]Gb| agfpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . To;}u/L ;fgf ls;fg tyf

aufgx?n] lrofjf/L leq cfjf; ;'ljwfx? ljsf; u/L ko{6snfO{ lrof /f]k0fb]lv k|zf]wg;Ddsf k|lqmof /

lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg u/fP/ ltgnfO{ cltl/Qm /dfOnf] lbO{ ltgsf] a;fOnfO{ nDAofpg ;lsG5 .

38

k|d'v laifout If]qx?M ko{6gsf cfwf/e"t kIfx?nfO{ d'Vo laifout If]qsf] ?kdf lnP/ tL If]qsf ;d:ofx?sf] laZn]if0f ub}{

To;}sf cfwf/df p2]Zo, glthf tyf sfo{qmdx? th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . tL laifout If]qx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

!_ k|rf/ cyjf ahf/ -Advertisement/Marketing_

@_ ;/;'ljwf -Amenities_

#_ ef]hg tyf cfjf; -Accomodation_

$_ kx'Fr -Access_

%_ cfsif{0f -Attraction_

ts{j4 9f“rfdf ;d:of ljZn]if0f, p2]Zo, glthf tyf sfo{qmd

ljifout If]q M cfsif{0f ;d:of ljZn]if0f;d:of ljZn]if0f;d:of ljZn]if0f;d:of ljZn]if0fMMMM d'Vo ;d:of tTsfnLg sf/0fx¿ cGtlg{lxt sf/0fx¿ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ Glthf

• gu/kflnsf / ;fgf ahf/s]Gb|x?df clgof]lht a;f]af;

• of]hgfa4 a;f]af; gx'g', • hg;ª\Vof a[l4

• e"pkof]u of]hgf gx'g', • a;fO{+ ;/fO • clzIff tyf ¿9Lut

d"NodfGotf

• e"pkof]u of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg], • ahf/ s]Gb|x?nfO{ of]hgfj4 ?kdf Jojl:yt

ug'{

a;f]af; Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g]5 .

• x|f;f]Gd'v k|fs[lts jftfj/0f

• e"Ifo • jgcltqmd0f • v'Nnf rl/r/g • cJojl:yt k"jf{wf/ ljsf;

tyf ef}lts lgdf{0f, • /}yfg] jg:klt tyf jGo

hGt' nf]k x'Fb} hfg', • ;Ld;f/ If]q dfl;b} hfg', • OGwgsf nflu jgdf lge{/

/xg' • /f;folgs dn tyf

laifflbsf] hyfefjL k|of]u

• hnjfo' kl/jt{g • jg ljgf; • hg;+Vof a[l4 tyf a]/f]huf/L • ul/aL • Jojl:yt kz'kfng gx'g', • r]tgfsf] sdL÷h}ljs ljljwtf

;+/If0f gx'g', • ;+/If0f gLlt k|efjsf/L gx'g', • a}slNks hLljsf]kfh{gsf

cj;/x¿ gx'g', • :yfgLo:t/df l;d;f/sf]

dxTj yfxf gx'g' • j}slNks OGwg pknAw gx'g'

• /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ul/g' kg{], • ;Lkd"ns tflnd tyf pBdzLn Joj;fo

k|j4{g • jg gLltnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g'

kg{], • h}ljs dnsf] k|of]u a9fpg], • rl/r/g aGb u/L kz'kfngnfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{

kg]{ • ;+/If0f ;DaGwL r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd

;d'bfo:t/df ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ • l;d;f/ ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ k|yldstfdf /fvL

tTsfn ;+/If0f sfo{sf] yfngL ug'{ kg]{ • j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g ug'{ kg]{ • cg's"ng sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ .

jftfj/0fLo lbuf]kg ;'lglZrt ePsf] x'g]5 .

• lrof ko{6gsf] ljsf; ug{ g;Sg'

• lrof pBf]unfO{ ko{6g;+u hf]8\g g;Sg'

• cjwf/0ffut k|i6tf gx'g' • gLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfpg' kg]{ Onfd lrof ko{6gsf nflu rlr{t ePsf] x'g]5

• P]ltxfl;s÷wfld{s dxTjsf :ynx? nf]k x'g' tyf gfl;g''

• klxrfg tyf ;+/If0fdf Wofg ghfg'

• wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] dxTj ga'e\mg'

• P]ltxfl;s÷wfld{s dxTjsf :ynx?sf] klxrfg tyf ;+/If0f ;DaGwL gLlt th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog

• hgr]tgf clea[l4

;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{gaf6 ko{6g pkhdf ljljwtfdf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

• x|f;f]Gd'v ;fF:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs hLjg

• ;fF:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f gx'g',

• ;fF:s[lts ;+/If0fsf k|of;x¿ ckof{Kt x'g',

• ;fF:s[lts ;+/If0fsf nflu of]hgfj4 sfo{qmd Nofpg',

:yfgLo ;fF:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs hLjgsf]

40

• k/;+:s[lt u|x0f ug'{, • df}lns ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿

nf]k x'Fb} hfg',

• df}lns ;fF:s[lts d"Noaf]wdf sdL cfpg',

• df}lns ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0fdf Wofg sd hfg'

• df}lns ;+:s[ltsf] dxTjaf/] hgr]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{

• df}lns ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg],

• ;dfj]zL ljsf;sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

• nf]kf]Gd'v :yfgLo jf:t'snf

• zx/Ls/0f / ;+qmd0fsfnLg cfw'lgs hLjgz}nL,

• k/Dk/fut lgdf{0f ;fdu|L tyf lgdf{0f lzNksf] Go"gtf,

• ;+/If0fd'vL ejg ;+lxtf gx'g', • k/Dk/fut :yfgLo lgdf{0f

;fdu|Lsf] dxTjnfO{ sd d"NofÍg ug'{ tyf …kSsLÚ ;+/rgfk|lt cGwfsif{0f .

• ;+/If0fd'vL ejg ;+lxtf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g'[ kg{],

• k/Dk/fut :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] dxTTjaf]w u/fO{ ltgsf] pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g' kg{],

:yfgLo af:t'snf k'g:yf{lkt ePsf] x'g]5 .

• ;f}GboL{s/0fsf] Go"g cEof;

• pBfgx¿sf] ljsf; gx'g', • Jojl:yt cfjf; of]hgf

gx'g', • ef}lts ;+/rgfdf

;f}Gbo{kIfdf cfjZos Wofg glbg''

• gLltlgdf{0f txdf cfjZostfaf]w gx'g',

• cfjf; of]hgf gx'g', • ljz]if1 hgzlQmsf] cefj x'g'

.

• ;+/rgfsf] l8hfOg ubf{ ;f}Gbo{kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{} kg{] gLlt agfpg' kg{],

• jftfj/0f cg's'n cfjf; of]hgf th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g' kg{],

• :ygLo cfjZostfcg'?k hgzlQm pTkfbg u/L kl/rfng ul/g' kg{] .

;f}GboL{s/0fsf] yfngL ePsf] x'g]5 .

• ko{6g pkhsf] ljljws/0f x'g g;Sg'

• ko{6g pkhx?sf] klxrfg gx'g',

• df}lns ljz]iftfsf] ;+/If0f gx'g'

• ko{6gnfO{ Joj;fosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ g;Sg'

• pkhx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ .

Ko{6sLo pkhsf] ljljws/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

41

ts{+j4 9fFrfdf If]qut p2]Zo tyf glthf th'{dfM

If]qut p2]Zo ;"rs k|df0fLs/0fsf ;fwg hf]lvd k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ a;f]af;f]nfO{ Jojl:yt u/]/ Onfd lhNnfsf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf / ;fF:s[lts ljljwtfsf] k|j4{gsf dfWodn] Onfd Ps ;'Gb/ ko{6sLo uGtJosf] ¿kdf k|jl4{t x'g]5 .

e"–pkof]u of]hgf sfof{Gjog eO{ Jojl:yt a;f]af; ePsf Ogkf, lkmSsn, kz'kltgu/, b]p/fnL -;'n'a'Ë_, d+unaf/], gofFahf/, uh'/d'vL, lr;fkfgL k~rdL, nf?Daf, /S;]ahf/ -dfª\dfn'Ë_ / bfgfaf/L ahf/ s]Gb|x? . oL ahf/ s]Gb|df a;f]af; ug]{ ljljw hfthfltsf] ;+:s[lt ;+/lIft ePsf] x'g]5 .

cjnf]sg, ejg, cfjf; tyf zx/L ljsf; sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg, lhlj; ;"rgf s]Gb|sf clen]vx¿ .

7"nf k|fs[lts k|sf]k cfpg] 5}gg\ ;fy} /fhgLlts l:y/tf sfod x'g] 5 . b]z ;+3Lotfdf uPkl5 ePsf] ;Ldfgf x]/k]m/n] sfo{qmd sfof{GjonfO{ k|efljt ug]{ 5}g .

glthfx¿ != a;f]af; Jojl:yt x'g]5 . e"pkof]u of]hgf, tbg'¿k ljsl;t a:tL e"–pkof]u of]hgf, gS;f, a:tL @= k|fs[lts jftfj/0f ;+/lIft x'g]5 . l;d;f/, jghËnsf] ;+/If0fsf] cj:yfdf cfPsf] ;'wf/ . cjnf]sg, k|ltj]bgx¿ # lrof ko{6g km:6fPsf] x'g]5 k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, ko{6s ;+Vof cjnf]sg, k|ltj]bg $ Onfd lrof sdfgdf lrof cWoog tyf ;|f]t s]Gb| ;~rfngdf /x]sf] x'g]5 .

% gd'gf ufpFx¿sf] :yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 . gd'gf ufpmF cjnf]sg÷gS;f÷hLjgz}nL ^= lhNnf tyf gu/ yk ;'Gb/ ePsf] x'g]5 kfs{, pBfg, ;8slsgf/fsf ;hfj6x? cjnf]sg &= df}lns jf:t'snf k|jl4{t ePsf] x'g] 5 . z}nLo'Qm ;+/rgf –lghL3/, ;fd'bflos tyf ;/sf/L ejg_ . cjnf]sg * ko{6s ;ª\Vofdf a[l4 eO{ :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

a[l4 ePsf] ko{6s ;ª\Vof, dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍ . tYofª\s, clen]v, cjnf]sg .

42

sfo{qmd Pjd\ k|fyldstf sfo{qmd nfeflGjt :yfg PsfO )^&–^( )&)–&@ )&#–&% )&%–&& )&*–*) k|fyldstf qmd cfjf; of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gojg ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynx? uf]6f @ @ @ @ @ s ;+/If0f of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog lhNnfJofkL uf]6f ! s lrof ko{6g ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df

lrofIf]q uf]6f !

gd'gf ufpF of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynx? uf]6f @ @ @ @ @ s Onfd lrof sdfgdf lrof cWoog tyf ;|f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf

Ogkf uf]6f !

gu/If]qdf pBfg lgdf0f{, /fhdfu{sf b'j} lsgf/fdf z[ª\ufl/s j[If tyf km"n /f]k0f

gu/ tyf lhNnfsf ;8s cf;kf;

k6s lg/Gt/

Eo"6fj/ lgdf{0f Onfd gu/kflnsf, cGt', ldSnfrf]Ë, l;l4y'Dsf

uf]6f ! ! ! !

df}lns af:t'snfsf] cWoog tyf ;+/If0f of]hgf th{'df

ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynx? uf]6f ! s

ko{6g Joj:yfkg tflnd ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynx? k6s % % % % % s lj1fg / k|ljlw kfs{ :yfkgf ;b/d'sfd Uf]6f ! s[lif tyf gub]jfnL ;DaGwL ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf

zLt e08f/ :yn Uf]6f !

43

ljifout If]q M kx'Fr ts{a4 9fFrfdf ;d:of ljZn]if0f d'Vo ;d:of tTsfnLg sf/0fx¿ cGtlg{lxt sf/0fx¿ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ Glthf

• clgoldt tyf cJojl:yt oftfoft ;'ljwf

• /fd|f ;8s gx'g' • ;jf/L ;fwg k'/fgf x'g' • xjfO ;]jf gx'g' • kbofqf dfu{ lgwf{/0f

gx'g' • aGb, x8\tfn eO/xg' .

• ;8s ;'wf/ lgoldt gx'g', • :t/Lo zfvf ;8sx¿ gx'g', • xjfOd}bfg gx'g', • t/n /fhgLlts cj:yf .

• ;8s ;'wf/ tyf :t/f]Gglt, • xjfOd}bfg lgdf{0f, • zfvf ;8sx?sf] :t/Ls/0f .

lgoldt tyf Jojl:yt oftfoft ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf] x'g]5 .

• ko{6g k|a4{g Joj;fo -6«fen Ph]G;L, 6"/ ck/]6/_ sf] cefj

• nufgL cfslif{t x'g g;Sg',

• gLltut hl6ntf • ;DaGw ;~hfn gx'g' .

• 6«fen Ph]G;L;DaGwL gLltdf ;/ntf Nofpg' kg{],

• nufgL cfslif{t ug{' • Joj;foLx?aLr cGt/;DaGw

:yflkt ug'{ .

ko{6g k|a4{g Joj;fo -6«fen Ph]G;L, 6"/ ck/]6/_ sf] :yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 .

44


If]qut p2]Zo ;"rs k|df0fLs/0fsf ;fwg hf]lvd Jojl:yt xjfO ;]jf, lgoldt ;8s oftfoft / ;'/lIft kbofqf dfu{x¿n] ko{6sLo uGtJox¿ Psfk;df hf]l8Psf x'g]5g\ .

xjfO d}bfg, x]lnKof8, ;8s ;~hfn / kbofqf dfu{x¿

cjnf]sg, lhNnf ;8s u'¿of]hgf, k|ltj]bgx¿ .

/fHosf] nufgL k|Tofe"t xg]5, lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLsf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f x'g]5 .

glthfx¿ != xjfO d}bfg tyf x]lnKof8x¿ lgdf{0f eO{ ;+rfngdf cfPsf x'g]5g\ .

;'rf¿ xjfO d}bfg tyf x]lnKof8x¿ clen]v

@= lhNnf ;8s u'¿of]hgfcg'¿k ;8s lgdf{0f eO{ ;+rfngdf /x]sf x'g]5g\ .

;'rf¿ ;8s ;~hfn cjnf]sg, k|ltj]bgx¿

#= ;'ne oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] x'g]5 . ;'ne oftfoft Joj:yf cjnf]sg $=kbofqf dfu{x¿sf] klxrfg eO{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsl;t ePsf] x'g]5 .

;'rf¿ kbofqf dfu{x¿ cjnf]sg, k|ltj]bgx?

%= ko{6g Joj;foLx?n] dfucg';f/sf ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf x'g]5g\ .

6«fen Ph]G;L, 6"/ ck/]6/sf] ;ª\Vof tYofª\s, clen]v, cjnf]sg

sfo{qmd Pjd\ k|fyldstf

sfo{qmd nfeflGjt :yfg PsfO )^&–^( )&)–&@ )&#–&% )&%–&& )&*–*) k|fyldstf qmd != xjfOd}bfgsf] nflu cfjZos hUufsf] Joj:yf

gu/kflnsf k6s ! s

@= xjfO d}bfg tyf x]lnKof8 lgdf{0f

gu/kflnsf uf]6f ! s

#= ;8sx¿ lgdf{0f tyf :t/Ls/0f

gu/kflnsf / ;a} uflj;x¿

k6s ! s

$= oftfoft Joj;foLx?nfO{ ko{6gd}qL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd

gu/kflnsf / ;a} uflj;x¿

k6s # # # # s

%= kbofqf dfu{ ;j]{If0f 5gf}6df k/]sf If]qx¿

;+Vof % s

^= kbofqf dfu{df cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsf;

5gf}6df k/]sf dfu{ cf;kf;

:yfg % % % % % s

45

ljifout If]q M cfjf; ;'ljwf ts{a4 9fFrfdf ;d:of ljZn]if0f

D'Vo ;d:of tTsfnLg sf/0fx¿ cGtlg{lxt sf/0fx¿ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ glthf

• u'0f:t/Lo cfjf; ;'ljwfsf] cefj

• :yfgLo :t/sf nufgLstf{x¿n] ko{6g ljsf;df cle¿rL glng',

• k|lt:kwf{ gx'g' • Jofj;flos Ifdtfsf] cefj, • lgjf{xd'vL xf]6n Joj;fo .

• ko{6sx¿sf] cfjfudg l:yltdf Ps¿ktf gxg' -df};dL Joj;fo_

• tflnd tyf cg'lzIf0f Go"g x'g', • cfj;Lo 3/x¿df ljgf of]hgf xf]6n ug{',

Jofj;flos Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf nufgL k|j4{g ul/g' kg{] .

• xf]d:6]sf] lj:tf/ gx'g' • cfjZos kxn / k|of;df Go"gtf,

• cjwf/0fut r]tgfsf] sdL • gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] c:ki6tf

xf]d:6];DaGwL cled'vLs/0f, tflnd tyf k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g' kg{]

• Jojl:yt 6]G6]8 SofDk ;fO6x?sf] Joj:yf gx'g'

• Joj;foLx?df cfjZostf af]w gx'g', • hfgsf/L k|fKt gx'g', • 1fg÷;Lksf] sdL

SofDk;fO6x?sf] Joj:yf ul/g' kg{] .


If]qut p2]Zo ;"rs k|df0fLs/0fsf ;fwg hf]lvd cfjZoQmfg';f/sf ;'ljwf ;DkGg xf]6]n, df]6]n, /];6'/]G6, l/;f]6{, 6]G6]8 SofDk / xf]d:6]x¿n] dfucg';f/sf ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf x'g]5g\ .

xf]6n, /]i6'/fF, 6]G6]8 SofDk cjnf]sg, clen]v /fhgLlts l:y/tf eO{ nufgL k|a4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

glthfx¿ != ;'ljwf ;DkGg /]:6'/]06, xf]6]nx¿ / s]xL l/;f]6{ tyf SofDk ;fO6x? ;~rfngdf cfPsf x'g]5g\ .

;'ljwf ;DkGg /]:6'/]06, xf]6]nx¿ / s]xL l/;f]6{ tyf SofDk ;fO6x?

cjnf]sg, clen]v

@= xf]d:6]sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ x'g]5 . xf]d:6] ;'ljwf ePsf ufpFx? cjnf]sg, clen]v #= ko{6g lqmofsnfkn] Jofj;flos ?k lnPsf] x'g]5 . Jofj;flos ko{6g lqmofsnfkx? cjnf]sg, clen]v sfo{qmd Pjd\ k|fyldstf sfo{qmd nfeflGjt :yfg PsfO )^&–^( )&)–&@ )&#–&% )&%–&& )&*–*) k|fyldstf qmd !=xf]6n Joj;foLx?sf nflu cled'vLs/0f÷tflnd sfo{qmdx? lhNnfJofkL k6s # # # # # s @= lghL If]qnfO{ pTk|]/0ff tyf nufgL cfsif{0f Pjd\ k|j4{g sfo{qmd k|jfx .

lhNnfJofkL k6s lgoldt s

#= xf]d:6] bIftf clea[l4 tflnd, cjnf]sg e|d0f cfof]hgf lhNnfJofkL k6s # # # # # v $= /}yfg] k/Dk/fut tyf hftLo vfBkl/sf/ k'g:yf{kg tyf tof/L k|lzIf0f

lhNnfJofkL k6s # # # # # v

46

ljifout If]q M ;j{;'ljwf

ts{a4 9fFrfdf ;d:of ljZn]if0f d'Vo ;d:of tTsfnLg sf/0fx¿ cGtlg{lxt sf/0fx¿ ;dfwfgsf

pkfox¿ glthf

• ljB't ;]jf lgoldt tyf ;j{;'nj gx'g'

• ljB'tLs/0fsf] ult ;':t x'g', • dfu / cfk"lt{aLrsf] ;Gt'ng gePsf] .

• pTkfbg sd x'g', ljB't pTkfbgdf a[l4 / a}slNks phf{sf] Joj:yfkg ul/g' kg{] .

ljB't ;]jf lgoldt tyf ;j{;'nj ePsf] x'g]5

• e/kbf{] ;~rf/ ;'ljwf ckof{Kt x'g'

• Ifdtf lj:tf/ gx'g', -6]lnsd_ • kxf8L e'agf}6 / ;]jf k|bfossf] bIftfdf sdL .

;~rf/ Ifdtf lj:tf/ ul/g' kg{] .

kof{Kt e/kbf{] ;~rf/ ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf] x'g]5 .

• :t/Lo :jf:Yo ;'ljwf gx'g' • ;a} uGtJodf :jf:Yo ;+:yf gx'g', • :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] lgoldt pkl:ylt gx'g' .

• :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lgDg tx :t/ • b'u{dIf]qdf :jf:YosdL{x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg

;'ljwf sd x'g' .

:jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g' kg{]

:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf] x'g]5

• :jR5 vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ Jojl:yt gx'g'

• dfu / cfk"lt{aLrsf] ;Gt'ng gePsf] • ljt/0f k|0ffnL Jojl:yt gx'g'

• cfj:ostfcg';f/ vfg]kfgL of]hgfsf] cefj .

;|f]t Joj:yfkg u/L vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ lgoldt ul/g' kg{] .

:jR5 vfg] kfgL cfk"lt{ Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g]5 .

• cltl/Qm dgf]/~hgsf Joj:yf gx'g'

• pBfgx¿ gx'g', • Jofj;flos ;fF:s[lts ;d"x÷;+:yf gx'g', • v]ns'bx¿ lgoldt gx'g',

• ko{6g ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ gx'g' .

ljljw dgf]/~hgsf cltl/Qm Joj:yf ul/g' kg{] .

cltl/Qm dgf]/~hgsf] j}slNks Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 .

• k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joj:yf gx'g' • b08xLgtf • t/n /fhgLlts cj:yf • bl/nf] ;'/Iff of]hgf

sfg'gL zf;gsf] k|Tofe'lt ul/g' kg{] .

k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joj:yf x'g]5 .

47


If]qut p2]Zo ;"rs k|df0fLs/0fsf ;fwg hf]lvd ljB't, ;~rf/, :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff, :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf cltl/Qm dgf]/~hgsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg u/L ko{6sx?nfO{ yk cfsif{0f ul/g]5 .

u'0f:t/Lo ;'ljwfx?sf] pknAwtf cjnf]sg, clen]v ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df /fHon] k|fyldstf lbPsf] x'g]5 .

glthfx¿ u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngdf cfPsf] x'g]5 .

ljB'tLs/0f cjnf]sg, clen]v

;~rf/ ;fwgx? ;j{;'ne k|rngdf cfPsf x'g]5g\ .

6]lnkmf]g, df]jfOn cjnf]sg, clen]v

ko{6g uGtJo:ynx?df ;'/Iff Joj:yf sfod ul/Psf] x'g]5 .

k|x/L rf}sLx? cjnf]sg, clen]v

ko{6sLo :ynx?df ;|f]t Joj:yfkg u/L :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ePsf] x'g]5 .

vfg]kfgLsf] pknAwtf cjnf]sg, clen]v

ko{6g If]qdf j}slNks dgf]/~hgsf ;fwgx?sf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 .

cltl/Qm dgf]/~hgsf ;|f]tx? cjnf]sg, clen]v

sfo{qmd Pjd\ k|fyldstf sfo{qmd nfeflGjt :yfg PsfO )^&–^( )&)–&@ )&#–&% )&%–&& )&*–*) k|fyldstf qmd u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f u|fld0f ko{6sLo If]q lgoldt s ;~rf/ ;fwgx?sf] :t/f]Gglt tyf lj:tf/ ,, ,, s ko{6g uGtJo:ynx?df ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg ,, ,, s ko{6sLo :ynx?df ;|f]t Joj:yfkg tyf :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{

,, ,, s

ko{6g If]qdf j}slNks dgf]/~hgsf ;fwgx?sf] Joj:yf ,, ,, v

48

ljifout If]q M ahf/Ls/0f

ts{a4 9fFrfdf ;d:of ljZn]if0f d'Vo ;d:of tTsfnLg sf/0fx¿ cGtlg{lxt sf/0fx¿ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ glthf

• /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ahf/df Onfdsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ sd x'g',

• of]hgfa4 cleofgx¿ gx'g', • cfw'lgs ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf]

Jojl:yt pkof]u gx'g',

• ko{6g Joj:yfkg of]hgf gx'g',

• of]hgfa4 cleofgx¿ ;~rfng ul/g' kg{],

• cfw'lgs ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ul/g' kg{]',

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ahf/df Onfdsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

• /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ahf/df Onfdsf] kx'Fr gx'g',

• Onfd;DaGwL k|sfzg ;fdu|L kof{Kt gx'g',

• ko{6gsf] If]qdf /fHoaf6 ck]lIft nufgL gx'g',

• Onfd;DaGwL k|rf/k|;f/sf ;fdu|Lx? cfjZos dfqfdf pTkfbg ul/g' kg{],

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ahf/df Onfdsf] kx'Fr a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5

• :yfgLo ko{6g Joj;foLx?sf] cGoq /x]sf ;xwdL{x?;Fu ;DaGw ;~hfn gx'g'

• ko{6g Joj;fodf lghLIf]q ck]lIft dfqfdf cfslif{t gx'g' .

• Jofj;flos ljlzli6s/0f gx'g'

• lghLIf]qnfO{ nufgL cfsif{0f ug{] s'g} sfo{qmd gx'g',

• Jofj;flos ;Lksf] sdL

• ko{6g Joj;fodf lghLIf]q cfslif{t ul/g' kg{] .

:yfgLo ko{6g Joj;foLx?sf] cGoq /x]sf ;xwdL{x?;Fu ;DaGw ;~hfn :yflkt ePsf] x'g]5 .


If]qut p2]Zo ;"rs k|df0fLs/0fsf ;fwg hf]lvd /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ahf/df Onfdsf] Jofks k|rf/k|;f/ eO{ Onfd Ps cfsif{s ko{6sLo uGtJosf] ?kdf kl/lrt x'g]5 .

ko{6s cfudgdf ePsf] a[l4 clen]v /fhgLlts l:y/tf eO{ nufgL k|a4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

glthfx¿ != k|j4{g ;fdu|Lx? k|sflzt÷k|zfl/t ePsf x'g]5g\ .

laqmL ;xfos (Sales Support) k|sfzg ;fdu|Lx? .

clen]v, cjnf]sg

@= j]e;fO6df Onfd;DaGwL ;"rgfx? k|;fl/t ePsf] x'g]5 .

j]e;fO6 . cjnf]sg

#= ko{6g Joj;foLx?aLr /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;Dks{ ;~hfn lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

;~rfngdf cfPsf Kofs]h 6'/x? . clen]v, cjnf]sg

$= ko{6g Joj;foLx?n] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf x'g]5g\ .

ko{6sx?sf] ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmofx? . clen]v

49

sfo{qmd Pjd\ k|fyldstf sfo{qmd nfeflGjt :yfg PsfO )^&–^( )&)–&@ )&#–&% )&%–&& )&*–*) k|fyldstf qmd

1= ko{6g k|j4{g ;fdu|Lx? k|sfzg÷k|zf/0f /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o hut lgoldt ! ! ! ! ! 2= j]e;fO6 lgdf{0f tyf cBfjlws /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o hut lgoldt ! ! ! ! ! 3= ko{6g Joj;foLx?aLr cGt/lhNnf e|d0f /fli6«o lgoldt @ @ @ @ @ 4= ef/tsf ;x/x?df ko{6g k|rf/ cleofg g]kfn÷ ef/t lgoldt @ @ @ @ @ 5= g]kfn tyf ef/tLo ;~rf/sdL{x? / ko{6g

Joj;foLx?aLr kl/ro e|d0f (Fam-Tour) g]kfn÷ ef/t lgoldt @ @ @ @ @

6= :yfgLo ko{6g uGtJox?df d]nf, dxf]T;jx?sf] cfof]hgf

Onfd lgoldt

7= /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g d]nf, dxf]T;jx?df ;xeflutf

/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o hut lgoldt # # # # # #

8= g]kfnsf cGo ko{6sLo uGtJox?;+u cGt/ ;DaGwla:tf/

lgoldt

tourism m plan final soft - dccilam.gov.np · jofkf/sf] s]gb| g} lyof] . jt{dfgdf klg o; lhnnfaf6...

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