tourism project 2
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INTRODUCTION
Mans search for food and shelter and his curiosity for things around gave
birth to travel. Travel led to tourism. Tourism is the activity of tourist and those
who deal with them. As we know, different aspects of tourism are knitted with
each other so that any one of these sectors cannot operate individually without the
support of other sectors i.e. the tourism product is inter-dependable.
Accommodation, travel trade and transport sector are the main elements which
make the tourism as a product. Travel agency is also one of such sector which is
connected with each element of tourism. The need of travel agency arises as soonas thinks to travel or thinks of holidays and vacations.
The concept of travel agency started in early nineteenth century. It was
Thomas Cook who started the concept of Travel Agency. On June 9, 1841 he
travelled 15 miles to a meeting of the temperance society Leicester. During this
journey, he conceived the idea of hiring a train to take the fellow members of
society. Accordingly he organized the trip to tough borough carrying 570 passengers on his famous maiden excursion. It was the first time in history that
anybody bought bulk tickets. He did all this on no profit no loss basis. Each
traveler paid only one shilling for 22 miles journey. But soon Thomas Cook
realized potential in this business and thus incorporated famous Travel Agency.
Thomas Cook came into existence.
Though the concept of Travel Agency started in eighteenth century, but in
India this concept caught momentum after independence. By the year 1949, six
travel agents set up an apex body called Travel Agents Association of India
(TAAI) with its head quarter at Bombay. The growth of the travel trade in fifties-
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sixties was not appreciable but it was in seventies when this business got
momentum and started flourishing.
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HIMALAYAS
Nestled in the Himalayas, the worlds mightiest mountain ranges, Himachal
is blessed with some of the most spectacular and beautiful landscapes, it is a
traveler paradise-mighty snow peaks, deep gorges, lush green valley, misty woods,
fast flowing rivers, enchanting lakes and flower filled meadows. Winding roads
and high passes links its high mountains and valleys. While the picturesque valleys
of Kullu and Kangra are a riot of colors. In marked contrast the stark and barren
terrain of Lahaul & Spiti has a stunning lunar and scope like beauty. Himachalis
leads a simple and quiet life, tending their orchards, fields and flocks. Keepingalive their rich art and culture. They remain immersed in the annual rounds of fairs
and festivals, full of music, song and dance. For the visitor there are superb
locations for relaxing and sight seeing. There are also great opportunities for
trekking, mountaineering, fishing river-rafting, skiing and Para-gliding.
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HIMACHAL PRADESH
A Divine Piece of Earth
The north Indian state of Himachal Pradesh derives its character and identity
from the mighty Himalayan Mountains. The word Himachal translates as the
home of eternal snows. These mountains also determine the States history,
culture, heritage and lifestyles. A product of their grandeur is the variations they
offer in the travel experience. As a destination, Himachal has all one would expect
from what is undoubtedly, the worlds greatest mountain system. It is a place
where nature has woven a combination of both the majestic and the gentle.
Traditionally, Himachal has been predominantly rural and agrarian with over
ninety percent of its population living in villages.
Culturally, the state has three well-defined zones. The tribal belt that holds
the districts of Kinnaur and Lahaul and Spiti is largely Buddhist and the language
belongs to the Himalayan belt of Tibeto-Burmese. The mid- belt hugs this, andpastoral elements seep into the main body of Hinduism; Himachals sub-Montane
dwellers practice settled cultivation and again, are largely Hindu. Up to the time of
Indias independence, Himachal Pradesh was divided into several hereditary
kingdoms. Then, there were pockets of British India that came into being in the
nineteenth century and included the famous hill stations of Shimla, Dalhousie
and Kasauli. Dramatic variations of architecture, lifestyles and terrain add to the
richness of the travel experience and in more ways than one, so many different
worlds seem to have been packed into Himachal. The parameters observed by the
lovers of nature are the breathtaking scenic beauty, green forests, rich flora and
fauna, rivers, lakes, perennial snow covered peaks, heritage, eco-friendly
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environment etc. It appears as if the sky is paying obeisance to the high craggy
peaks.
Some basic planning, a reasonably well-defined budget and an idea of what
to expect can make Himachal quite an idyllic or adventure packed holiday. This is
where the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) steps in
with the states largest hospitality network, with all the security, comfort and
highest levels of service that have always been associated with it.
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SHIMLA
In the midst of the hills,
Lies the Shimla of thrills!
The town of Shimla (earlier spelt Simla) came into being when the Gurkha
Wars came to an end in 1815 to1816 and the victorious British decided to retain
certain pockets as military outposts and sanitaria. From a nondescript village
whose name is variously reported as Shimlu, Semla, Shumla and Shemlah, the
town rose to become Summer Capital of British India. Another variation ascribes
the origin of the place name to Shamla- blue or dark lady- another name for the
Hindu goddess Kali who is held in high veneration in these hills.
The first house, built in 1822, is regarded as to be Kennedy House which
was the residence of Charles Pratt Kennedy, the newly appointed political officer
to the hill states. In 1827, the station was visited by Lord Amherst, the British
Governor-General of India, and the following year the commander-in-chief, LordComber mere also came to Shimla. From that time on, the place steadily grew in
importance. The tract that holds the core of the town was acquired by the
Governor-General, Lord Bentinck in 1830 from the states of Patiala and Keonthal
who had earlier been given the lands for services rendered during the Gurkha
Wars.
In 1864, under the Vice-royalty of John Lawrence, Shimla was officiallydeclared the Summer Capital of the British Empire in India a status it retained
up to Indian independence in 1947. Interestingly, the government of India ended
up spending more time in this little town than in the real capitals- Kolkata
(earlier, Calcutta) and later, New Delhi. The move to the hills was normally made
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in early April and the migration back to the plains took place in late October or
early November. And during this period, a staggering one-fifth of the human race
was ruled from these heights as the jurisdiction of the Indian Empire extended
from Aden in the west, to Myanmar (earlier, Burma) in the east. From 1871 the
state government of the Punjab also began to moving to Shimla from Lahore for
the summer months.
As the summer capital, Shimla also saw a spate of remarkable building
activity in the town and some of the finest structures of the British-colonial genre
still stand over its seven hills. Municipal Governance was introduced as early as
1851, piped water was available from the 1880s hydro-electric power was
available in the 20th
century. Guru Dev Rabinder Nath Tagore had composed some
of his Literacy pieces staying here for some time in Wood Field building during
1893 A.D. An engineering Marvel of its time, Kalka-Shimla railway line was
completed in 1903 and one of the worlds early Automatic telephone exchanges
began functioning in Shimla in 1922.
The town was regularly visited by the leaders of Indian struggle for
freedom- Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Nehru, Maulana Azad, Pandit Madan Mohan
Malviya and C. Raja Gopalachari. Momentous political decisions that affect our
lives to the present day were taken in Shimla- the most significant being the plan to
partition India and carve out the state of Pakistan from the Indian sub-continent in
1947. In the post-independence era, the historic Simla Agreement was signed on
3rd
July, 1972 between India and Pakistan. The agreement declared that all issuesbetween the two countries would be settled bilaterally.
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From 1947 to 1956, Shimla served as the state capital of Punjab. In 1966, the
district of Shimla was transferred to the state of Himachal Pradesh. The town of
Shimla has since been its state capital.
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General Informationabout Shimla
Height-Most of the town lies between 1950m and 2300m.
Languages Spoken-Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi and also English.
Religion- Mostly Hindu. Also Sikh, Muslim and Christian.
Medical Facilities- Good, Government and private hospitals, nursing homes
and clinics.
Postal Services, Telecommunicationand Internet-Worldwide links.
Population-1,64,000.
Climate-Mild to warm in summer (Maximum temperature, 30 degrees Celsius),
Cold in winter (Minimum Temperature 3 degrees Celsius). Cottons and light
woolens are suggested for the summer and heavy clothing for winter.
Access-Shimla is connected by air, road and rail.
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HPTDC
Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) is a pioneer
in the development of tourism infrastructure in Himachal. Formed in 1972, it
provides a complete package of tourism services, including accommodation,
catering, transport and sports activities.
Having the largest chain of finest hotels and restaurants in the State with
nearly 57 hotels, having 950 rooms and 2050 beds. HPTDC also runs 62
restaurants and cafes, servicing a varied cuisine, including Himachal delicacies. All
these properties are set in superb locations in the lap of nature.
Its luxurious transport network makes this Mountain state easily accessible
with a fleet of coaches, vans and jeeps. The HPTDC arranges sports activities like
skiing, Para gliding, river rafting, trekking, ice-skating and golf. Besides camping
and tenting facilities in far flung tribal areas.
Tourist Information Offices (TIO) being run all over India and Himachal byHPTDC. Besides disseminating informations, they provide reservation,
accommodation and transport facilities.
HPTDC also carrying out promotional activities on behalf of the State
Government by opening and developing unexplored areas of Himachal, including
tribal belt.
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AN OVERVIEW OF HPTDCs TRAVEL
AGENCY BUSINESS
A travel agent is the main intermediately who integrates the tourism
products with the market. In many respects the travel agency is like a retail
distributor, linking suppliers or service providers with consumers or end users.
A travel agent is one respect in an organizer of travel. They might be known
as travel broker, travel consultant, tour counselors, travel specialists and so on. The
functions of a HPTDC Tourist Information Office advising travelers besides
booking on their behalf transport, accommodation and services etc. Further
assisting the person(s) visiting another place country in passport, visa, foreign
exchange and other requirements is a value addition to their care competence. By
definition, travel agencies can be divided into two broad categories as An
Intermediately Travel Agency, and An Organizing Travel Agency.
The former one undertakes to act as a component in the distribution channel
on behalf of the principle. An organizing travel agency undertakes to organize for
public, a journey or sojourn, comprising, a series of services relating thereto of a
similar or different nature in return of a prearranged price. They mainly organize
packaged or inclusive tours.
The development and growth of tourism depends to a large extent on the
adequacy and efficiency of this linkage in the industry. Travel agent markets the
tourism product in close cooperation between the other element of the travel agent
who builds up sales and keeps most direct contact with the customers by providing
them with the advice and practical assistance for finalizing a tour. The job also
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entails specialized knowledge and proficiency in obtaining reliable travel
information for the clients. A checklist of the tasks undertaken is as follows:
Provision of travel information. Preparation of itineraries. Liaison with service providers. Planning and costing of tours. Ticketing. Provision of fore. Insurance. Travel facilitation.
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WHAT IS TRAVEL AGENT
A Travel Agent plays the role of an integral part to provide the leadership
and support for the tourism industry. A travel agent plays an important economic
and social role in the travel world. In law, an agent is a person authorized to do
some act or acts on the behalf of other, who is called principal.
The Federation International Agency-du-Voyages (FIAV) defines a travel
agent as a contractor contributing to the economy of Tourism and practicing a
complex profession which comprises intellectual and technical services as well as
industrial, commercial and representative activities.
In other words a travel agent can be defined as a person who imparts the
following functions:
Sells tickets entitling and individual to travel. Sells to or arranges a person right of passages to hotel or other
accommodation. Purchases for resale the right of passage himself, as a conveyance. Holds himself, as an advertiser that he is, willing to carry out any of the
above activities.
In order to qualify for the travel agents profession, certain minimum
acceptable criteria must be enforced. These relate to legal status of the individuals
or their companies, their principal business and conditions of morality, professional ability, experience, and ability to serve the public. Travel Agency
business deals with dynamic industries transformation pressed on by scientific and
technological advance. The facilities, the services and the regulations are in a state
on continuous change and in order to serve property, effectively and efficiency, the
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travel agents have to be abreast of all that goes on in various sectors of these
industries.
It would be right to say that travel agents are profit making business firms
set up for the purpose of organizing trips and conducting towns. At present, they
act as middlemen between their clients and the firms supplying the services
required by them viz. accommodation, transport, entertainment, food and
beverages etc.
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A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO HPTDCs
TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICE
Tourism in Himachal Pradesh was a mere tribal then government decided to
develop the area and open the gates of the enchanting Himalayas to the domestic
traveler. With concerted efforts and professional expertise added by government,
HPTDCs Tourist Information Office (TIO) grew into a well known body for
tourism in the state of Himachal Pradesh. We are of course, the number one selling
agent in the market, the picturesque Himachal.
Not surprising that they were soon approached by the travel agents/tour
operators and their valued customers from all over India and Abroad to package
the mountain trips for them only to be followed by other classical and off the route
itineraries on many places in India.
As we may be aware, we are numerous Uno in packaging mountain trips
Jeep Safaris in Lahaul & Spiti, Manali and Ladakh and their environs, HPTDC
Hotels and other exciting tours for nature lovers.
All this has been made possible by our active patronage and the strenuous
efforts of their export team of our different offices working in India. They have
also established a fine and professional network of some of the most reputed agents
in whole world who in turn are fully equipped to cater to the diverse and un-ending
requirements and tastes of the tourists that we handle. They provide instant
reservations for all hotels of HPTDC in Himachal Pradesh and flights to the state
of Himachal. Instant reservations of hotels, professional language speaking guides
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and escorts jeeps, cars and coaches are available on request through any one of
their branch offices in India.
They said, We look forward to your continued patronage in the future
too.
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OPERATIONAL DYNAMICS AND
HIERARCHY
The organization is primarily marketing oriented with the heads of various
functions reporting directly to the marketing and sales manager who is further
answerable to the board of directors.
The board of directors comprises of Director Marketing, Director
Finance and Director Tours.
Further department work has been done on the following lines:
Tour Operators Department. Travel Department. Conference & Convention Department. Accounts Department. On-line Booking.
Every department has been further subdivided into smaller section on the
principal of division of labor so as to enhance efficiency.
Besides this the agency has employed a consultant, well versed with the
travel trade who advices the board of directors on different policy matters and
timely moves.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF AN INBUOND
TOUR
LOCAL SIGHT SEEING:
As HPTDCs TIO have its branches or agents in Himachal Pradesh and
other parts of India, asks its branches/agents to arrange local transport like
cars/coaches for sight seeing as well as for arrival and departure from airport to
hotel and vice-versa. At the time of making the transport arrangements, the need of
foreign language speaking wide or escort is also considered. For the transfers,
transfer assistants are also provided.
COSTING:
After preparing an itinerary, the costing of the same is done. Costing of an
itinerary is the most important part in preparing an itinerary. While doing costing
of a tour, various factors have to be taken care of:
Travel Transfers Accommodation Sight Seeing / Excursion Meals
Besides these, there are some provisional factors like:
Special Dinners Cultural Nights Guide Facilities
RECEIVING A CLIENT:
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It is difficult to trace out a particular traveler in a mob, when a number of
travelers coming out of the airport. So to recognize the proper client, the transfer
rep is providing with a paging board, on which name of client and flight number is
written. When the client reads his/her name, he directly comes to the
representative, who deals the further transfer. Transfer forms are as follows:
Airport Hotels Conference Halls Sight Seeing Tours
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ITINERARY PREPARATION
While working in tour operation department, I was also given as assignment
to prepare some itineraries. One of them has been mentioned in the later part of the
report.
While making itinerary the things to be considered are as follows:
Duration of vocation of travel. What is the mode of travel preferred by the traveler? Budget of the client. Purpose and special interest of client. Selecting cities to be visited. Mode of intercity travel. Date of first arrival and last departure. Special fares. Selections of hotels. Permits and visas etc.
Itineraries are tailored according to the interest or requirement of the client.
While making an itinerary, abide mentioned things are to be considered carefully.
In number of cases, the client, an individual or group or a foreign agent asks
paradise. Tour to prepare all information about their taste and requirements. Tours
department chalks out the itinerary for its client and sends it back to them forconfirmation. If the client approves it, he sends his green signal, then tours
department starts acting and gets the booking done in hotels, for sight seeing etc.
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PROCEDURE OF RESERVING VARIOUS
FACILITIES FOR THE CLIENTS
TRANSPORT:
Usually the foreign clients travel by air, tour department prepares reservation
request-cum-message form. In this form following information is filled:
Number of persons traveling. Day and date of travel. Sector of travel. Agents name, etc.
After preparing this format, this format is handed over to domestic travel
department which does the confirmation and seat reservation for tours department.
ACCOMMODATION:
As foreign clients are rich, enough to afford, good accommodation, they stay
in deluxe hotels. For the hotel reservation either instant reservation office is
approached or a hotel reservation format is filled. In which following information
is mentioned:
No. of rooms: A/C Single room(s) \ Durable room(s). Date from which the room is required and up to which date. Arrival on, from, by and at what time. Departure on, for, by and time.
If second visit is also, then same details are filled for the second reservation.
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PROJECT
During my training in the tours department I was given a project to chalk out
the itineraries of India from the below given destinations:
Shimla Rajasthan Agra Delhi
Time period: 20 days (24.07.2008 to 12.08.2008)
Program in detail:
Shimla Kalka Delhi Jaipur Ajmer (Pushkar) Jodhpur Mount Abu
Udaipur Chittaurgarh Bundi Jaipur Bharatpur Fatehpur Sikri Agra
Delhi Shimla.
1. 24.07.08 Shimla to Kalka2. 25.07.08 Kalka to Delhi3. 26.07.08 Delhi to Jaipur4. 27.07.08 Jaipur to Ajmer5. 28.07.08 Ajmer to Pushkar6. 29.07.08 Pushkar (Excursion)7. 30.07.08 Pushkar to Jodhpur8. 31.07.08 Jodhpur (Excursion)9. 01.08.08 Jodhpur to Mount Abu10. 02.08.08 Mount Abu (Excursion)11. 03.08.08 Mount Abu to Udaipur12. 04.08.08 Udaipur (Excursion)13. 05.08.08 Udaipur to Chittaurgarh14. 6.08.08 Chittaurgarh to Bundi
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15.07.08.08 Bundi to Jaipur16.08.08.08 Jaipur to Bharatpur to Fatehpur17.09.08.08 Fatehpur to Agra and Delhi18.10.08.08 Delhi (Excursion)19.11.08.08 Delhi (Excursion)20.12.08.08 Delhi to Shimla
I TINERARY COSTING
An itinerary is coated with the help of the confidential tariff which is
supplied by various service providers to travel agents, special group tariffs are
quoted if applicable. While costing an itinerary every heed is given to even the
minute details and quotation is made very carefully, depending upon the strength
of the group. Costing per pair is also done. The communication is sent across to theforeign sub-agent. After a positive response is confirmed from the foreign agent,
following tasks are undertaken:
HOTEL BOOKING:
A file is opened by preparing the itinerary and given a tour number. Request
for accommodation is sent to the control reservation offices of various hotels being
used:
Name of the passenger and nationality.
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Duration of stay at a particular property. Mode of travel. Room requirement. Meal plan.Name of the person and agency making the booking. After giving all these details status of the booking for the given rates is
confirmed.
RESERVATION OF INTER-CITY TRAVEL:
After the booking of accommodation, surface and air reservations are done
through the travel section. As described in the previous section most of the air-
bookings are done through Amadeus or Sitar and on the spot status is noted down.
The reservation is done on time limit and ticket numbers are passed four to five
days before the arrival of the group. Rail reservation is done personally by sending
a representative to the railway counter because unlike airlines, railways do not
have an arrangement with the travel agents. All the inter-city travel by surface and
sight seeing and excursion trips are arranged through transporters who have long
standing relationship with the HPTDCs TIO. Any change in the itinerary because
of change in schedule of airlines or railways is notified to the agent abroad and
alternate arrangements are done. Wherever the group is placed on wait list, standby
arrangements are done so that there is minimum inconvenience to the group.
COMMISSIONING OF GUIDES:
For excursion nearby from the respective cities guides who speak groups
native language are hired in advance. If interpreters are required, they are also
commissioned. For the whole tour an escort is also required who accompanies the
group throughout the tour and is familiar with the places of visit.
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One is appointed usually from the tour executives for the same or in
exceptional cases a professional if hired from outside. He is also the executive in-
charge of the tour.
Most of the transactions involved are done through service vouchers. There
are equivalent to cheques of the company and are produced at a place where
services are availed and the customers do not have to pay. These vouchers are
issued by executive operator of the tour. They contain all the details of the
services, place and dates. These vouchers are honored by all the service providers
who have an understanding with HPTDC.
Throughout the tour, regular contact is kept by the escort about the group
with HPTDC and in case of any hindrance or non availability of services at a
particular place, alternative arrangement are done by the head office.
An escort work start much before the actual arrival of the group. He keeps
all the information about the group members, their special interests and details of
the itinerary.
Before leaving with the group, details of all the alternative arrangements,
which can be made in emergency, are also gathered. He keeps the record of all the
events of the tour and is a valuable source to communicate the group satisfaction
level.
Tour operation is a complex task and a collective effort. Its success up to a
great extent depends upon the consideration and good communication between the
various departments and the individuals involved.
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ADVENTUROUS ACTIVITIES IN
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal Pradesh is a playground of adventure where one pursue any
adventure like the trekking, mountaineering, rock climbing, skiing, water sports,
golfing, fishing, hunting and crossing of high passes over one range to another etc.
thus Himachal is suitable for everyone, for every time and in every season.
ROCK CLIMBING:
Rock climbing is becoming popular in India now. Many mountaineering
clubs in the country are imparting training to the novice. The Indian
Mountaineering Foundation is also organizing camps for advance rock climbing
training at different places in the country to encourage the youth. Since it is a part
of any expedition, the mountain climbing enthusiasts have to learn and practice this
game before he can think of joining any expedition. Himachal Pradesh being a
hilly state has the best rocks and rock climbing areas spread all over the state. The
best thing is the availability of all rock features like- slabs, chimneys, walls and
overhangs at almost all the places. The Mountaineering Institute has branches at
Dharamshala, Bharmaur, Narkanda and Jispa where training on rocks is imparted.
RIVER RAFTING:
It is another technique of river running in the rubber boats of different types.Modern white water pneumatic rafts are specially made from base fabrics, usually
nylon, that provide material strength, coated with PVC, Neoprene to provide
rigidity and abrasion resistance. They are designed to take the severest punishment
in the strongest white water.
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Different types of cross country races are held in almost every cold country of the
world and it has since been included in the Olympics.
Himachal lies among the Himalayan ranges of Dhauladhar, Great Himalaya,
Shiwalik and Pir Panjal of the western Himalaya where most of its higher reaches
remain under snow for a long time. Thus one can undertake the ski tour at any time
to any height. There are very good slopes in Kullu, Lahaul-Spiti, Kinnaur and
Shimla areas, which have been surveyed by the government for developing them in
a big way. These areas are also useful for cross country skiing where long duration
expeditions can be organized.
ICE-SKATING:
Skating has now become an important sport in this country too and many
competitions are held at different places.
In winter, Shimla provides another graceful and fascinating past time- Ice
Skating. The Shimla Ice Skating Ring is the only one in Northern India where
many enthusiasts of this game come and enjoy. There is an ice skating club of
which you can become member for one year of one season during winter months.
Generally it starts from December onwards. The club also organizes winter
carnival in which participants take part in many items like- ice hockey, figure
skating and hurdle crossing etc.
PARA GLIDING:
Mr. Lee Wood, an expert Para Glider from England was very much attracted
and fascinated by hill tops and other terrain of Himachal, which according to him,
is an ideal area for the promotion of this sport along with hang gliding. He has sent
some basic information, which is reproduced here for the interested readers.
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Para Gliding is same as Hang Gliding but Para Gliders are lighter and more
portable than the Hang Gliders. It weighs 5 kg. and can be packed into an easily
carried back pack sized bag. Both use the same hills for slopes and thermal
soaring. When one runs downhill, takes longer strides until his feet are no longer
touching the ground, is called Para Gliding.
TREKKING:
In India trekking is comparatively a young sport and so the right concept and
ideals behind this character building activity have not been understood on the right
lines either by the organizers or by the participants. Majority of the people think
that it is only a physical activity and the strongest can be the best trekker. But this
is not true. Trekking if done and understood with right earnest, creates a spirit of
adventure, provides an opportunity to come in contact with nature, gives a chance
to visit the countryside and meet local people, helps to channelize the energy of the
youth in the right direction, enrich their experiences and builds their character. It
also adds to their knowledge of environment, ecology, flora & fauna, helps in
learning to extend and receive co-operation and living together. In other words, it
is the best way of personality building.
GOLF:
Playing golf in Himachal Pradesh is another attraction, which the lover of
this sport should not miss. The golf players will definitely enjoy this royal game at
Naldehra, a well groomed nine hole course, about 23 km. away from Shimla and
situated at the height of 2044 m. It is one of the finest and oldest golf course in the
country. It is the brain child of Lord Curzon, who was Vice-Roy of India at that
time. It is nearer to Delhi as compared to Srinagar and most ideally located among
the pine trees. It has a great charm being situated among the magnificent grove of
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deodar trees and is carpeted with a beautiful turf. Besides, there is a very charming
mountain range covered with snow, which offers a very pleasing view. It has been
the venue of many competitions. It has been redesigned to have 9 greens with 18
tees. It is being run by a golf club. One can become the member by paying for the
required period. Playing golf at this height needs some extra energy. Mountain
scenery, nature in its best form, bird watching, fresh and pure air are extra
attractions of this place. All V.I.P.s visit and play golf here whenever they are in
Shimla.
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THE LAST WORD
An on-the-job training is a valuable part of M.B.A course and provides the
students with an insight to actual working condition and practical knowledge of
operational dynamics of an organization. It sets the platform for ones future in the
industry through familiarization and assistance to gain proficiency in the respective
field. It also impairs confidence and cultivates an attitude to learn. In the nut shell
this is an essentiality towards reducing the future tourism professionals.
In other words, I can say, THE THEORYT ELLS USWHAT TO DO
AND THETRAININGTEACHESHOWTO DO ITRIGHT .