Toward Social cities

By: Bahnas – Kholoud Mohamed Mahmoud

Matricola: 796973

Presented to: Carlos García Vázquez

1

Context :

Introduction :……………………………………………………………….………2

Objectives………………………………………………………………….........…3

METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………………………..3

How urban form is change over the information age?............4

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ICT AND URBAN FOR………….5

Why social Media………………………………………………………….....….6

Media- Egypt……………………………….……………………………………….7

Media- people………………………………………………………………………8

Media-City ……………………………………………………………………..….10

Media Technologies Impact On Urban Form……………………....11 1.Spatial Restructuring…………………………………………………....11 1.1Centralization…………………………………………………….…..11 1.2 Decentralization…………….……………………………………..12 2- Economic Restructuring………………………………………………12 3- Remixing City ………………………………………………………….….14 4- Read –write…………………………………………………………….…..14 5- Pattern of movement………………………………………………..…14 6- Urban security …………………………………………………………….15

Media- Architecture ………………………………………...…………..…..16 Architecture and new media ……………………………….………...16 1. Ignore……………………………………………………………………..16 2. Embrace………………………………………………………...……….17 3. Critical engagement………………………………………………..17

Egypt – media – architects …………………………………………………18

media design …………………………………………………….….…………..19

-Design social cities, how to do ? ………………………………..….19

-Case Study 1- TEMPL……………………………….……………...20

-Stakeholder organization response………………….…..…20

-Audience response……………………………………….………...21

-Case Study 2- ZONE –S…………………………………….….……21

- Stakeholder organization response: ………………….……22

-Audience response………………………………….…………….23

media future ………………………………………………...……………...24

conclusion ………………………………………………………….………….25

bibilgraphy………..…………………………………………………….……..26

Egypt has used the

same idea to invite

the tourists using

media in order to

increase the income.

2

Introduction :

It is difficult to imagine everyday life in modern cities without media

technologies. Information networks connect them with huge

numbers of other locations around the world. And at local level too,

information technologies play a major role in the urban experience,

saturated as it is by mobile communication, Wi-Fi, GPS navigation,

RFID cards, camera surveillance, urban screens in the public space,

and so on. For a long time, the domain of digital media was viewed

as virtual, as something separate from physical reality. But now these

two worlds are tightly interwoven. The contemporary city is a hybrid

city with physical and digital infrastructures, services and processes

at all levels.

One relatively recent development is the ‘smart city’, which sees

cities and technology companies working together to organize urban

processes more efficiently, with sensor and network technologies

gauging and optimizing energy and water supplies, transport and

logistics, and air and environmental quality.

Media technology affects the city, the design, the users, the

stockholders, and the future.

What kind of effect happened after the social media? How we make

social media affect us in positive way? How can we improve the live

ability and liveliness of our cities as they become ever more complex

as a result of these developments?

Howe we can integrate the architect and the citizens and

stockholders in one process?

This entire question I tried to answer, in order to find answering we

should know the history of media technology, what the theory of

media and urban form for the cities and then why the people using

social media?

Using case study (Egypt) to see how social media can affect the

people and change their behavior. Showing the effect of the city and

how it could change the urban form and the urban security for the

city.

Showing how architects deal with social media? or how he can using

social media for different purposes ? Or use it to complete the circle

and involve the citizens in design process?

Showing how media affect the design process, and functions. And

how we can design social cities?

Look for the futures. And see how it could affect us?

3

Objectives :

The aim is to understand our citifies through a new platform of

technology and to explore how digital technologies change the

design process of the city and to understand how people nowadays

interact with their cities and to find the answering of questions Can

we use new media technologies to make our cities more social,

instead of more hi-tech? How can digital technologies enable citizens

to act on collectively shared issues?

METHODOLOGY:

Urban form in information age

Theory of ICT and urban form

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Media – Egypt

Media – people M

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Why social media?

Media-City

Media Technologies Impact on Urban Form

Media-Architect

Architecture and new media

Media-Design

Designing social cities. How to do it?

Media – future

Media affect the city

then change the

urban form, security,

and pattern

Architect integrate

the citizens in design

and involve new

media in deign

Using media

technology to draw

better life

People are

the comment

factor for

effecting

4

How urban form is change over the information age?

Innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT) are

pervasive, substantially affecting many spheres of our lives (1). The

impacts of ICT have often been compared to the transformations of society

brought by the Industrial Revolution. Despite their symbolic similarity as

major breakthroughs in economic history, however, the difference

between the Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution is

substantial, in that the latter transforms materials to information as the

main production factor and introduces flexibility in work and living

patterns whereas the former shifted the production mode from land to

materials and assumed the physical proximity of work and home (2).

Urban environments have always stood in close relationship to the technologies of Production, transport, and communications. Over the past century

many efforts to plan the

ideal urban environment

have elaborated on the

relationship between the

urban environment and

technology (3).

The relation between

technologies and urban

environment calls for new

or adapted Concepts,

ideas, and models.

Two decades to describe the changing ICT based city: electronic cottage, ……… and ubiquitous city. These metaphors have tried to redefine the city itself and the notion of space, time, distance, and even territory with regard to a rapid development of ICT.

(15) Table 2.Technology and Urban Development: From the Early Industrial Period to the Present

Period Technology Urban Form and Development

Early industrial (1820-1869)

Railroad - Initial urban growth (e.g., population influx in cities)

Late industrial (1870-1919)

- Electricity - Elevator - Telephone - Automobile

- Expansion of cities - Beginning of urban dispersal (suburbanization)

Mass production metropolis (1920-1969)

- Road building (e.g., highways)

- Massive residential suburbanization - Beginning of commercial suburbanization

Post-metropolis (1970-present)

- Personal computer - ICT (e.g., Internet)

- Decentralization of metropolitan regions (e.g., polycentricism of suburban employment centers) - Urban revitalization with technological advances - Global city network

Table 1. Metaphors of the ICT-based City

Metaphor Author Definition Electronic cottage Toffler 1981 (4) A new production system of a

household with mixed activities (production, consumption, and leisure)

Techno burb Fishman 1987 (5) A suburb which is independent from cities through access to ICT

Wired city Dutton (6) et al. 1987

A city where information highways provide all kinds of ICT services to business and households

Informational city Castells 1989 (7) A city where networks play a central role in informational society and “space of flows” shapes the networked society

Intelligent city Batty 1990 (8) A city fully equipped with ICT networks to gain competitive advantage

Invisible city Fathy 1991 (9) A concentration of individuals, households, firms, and public agencies interactively interconnected to one another via remote services

City of bits Mitchell 1995 (10) A digital network city E-topia Mitchell 1999 (11) Lean, green cities with

“dematerialization, demobilization, mass customization, intelligent operation, and soft transformation

Digital places Horan 2000 (12) A city sharing space in both physical and virtual worlds

Network cities Townsend 2001 (13)

A new type of global city with high levels of Internet adoption that “operate in an economy where the transport costs of information and knowledge are fairly insensitive to distance”

Ubiquitous city Hwang (14) 2005

A city where access to ICT is omnipresent; one can do “anything from anywhere at any time.”

5

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ICT AND URBAN FORM

Graham and Marvin (1996) (16) discuss a range of analytical perspectives about the relationship between ICT and urban form. The major perspectives include:

1) Technological determinism, 2) futurism and utopianism, 3) Urban political economy and 4) social construction of

technology. The four perspectives, stemming from theories in social

and technological sciences, provide various analytical frameworks for

examining the relationship of ICT and urban form .

Technological Determinism

URBAN ECOLOGY

URBAN POLITICAL ECONOMY

Futurism and Utopianism

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY

It’s important to describe how we got to where we are from

technology era to social technology era, the social media is the last

part of ICT , but we cannot say the last part because the technology

invention develop every day .

Urban

effect

ICT

Process of Population Expansion& Migration

Adjustments in

Social Organization & Urban Form

ICT

Social Shaping by Organizations

&

Use & Application

Of ICT

Effects on

Cities

Political, Economic, Social, & Cultural Dynamics of Capitalism

Restructuring Capitalism

Development & Application Of ICT

ICT Solution to

urban problem

Advance in

urban form

6

In 2008 if you are not on a social networking site you are not on the

internet. Social media is not a fad it's a fundamental shift in the way

we communicate. So why we going toward social media?

Reason 1- we don’t have a choice on whether we do social media,

the question is how well we do it „(Erik Qualman)

Facts (17)

500 billion the number of peer influence impressions

Americans generate per year via social media

Internet statistics are absolutely amazing, today

1,966,514,819 people are connected from 10 years ago they

were 360,985,492 (growth 200-2010) 444.8 %

4 billion the number of images hosted on flicker that’s 13 x

more than the national library

Reason 2 - 78% of people trust the recommendation of other

consumers. While only 14 % of people trust advertisements .Also the

old communication model was a monologue .Only 18% of TV ad

campaigns generate positive role.

Reasons- 3 – social media is only going to become persuasive and a

such become a critical factor in the success or failure of any business ( brain solis, social media manifesto )

After that, Welcome to the world of socialomics

Social media effect our daily live and Sequentially effect the city

urban and design of place , but this effect is not the same in every

city it’s different from city to city because it depend on the society

how they interact ? What are their mentalities? How they deal with

their problems?

Sometime the effect of social media is positive, sometime is negative

all these depend on the answering of the questions that I mention.

In this case studying the society is very important to know the effect

of social media also to see the future for the city through media

technology.

Social media is not the virtual online world

anymore; social media is the real world online.

Showing the behavior of the community and how the circle became

bigger figer .1

7

Media – Egypt

The experiment in Egypt it was really

different compare with any another country,

from 10 years before the only thing that we

know that Egypt is the most beautiful

whether in the world and of course the most

beautiful place also that’s what they teach us

in school, I grew with those idea, we known

also a lot about history of countries and what

we heard from our parent’s ‘the Egyptian is the most strong human

that’s because we can bear the situation and live in Silence.

The story started when we had a minister ‘Ahmed Nazif ‘ of Communications and Information Technology he was biased to transfer our country to digital country , he convinced our president ‘Hosni Mubarak’ in that time that we should make a technology easier and cheaper for the Egyptian to use it , so to make the internet use by everyone they must have PC first . In August 2008 they signed an agreement to spread personal computers for every home. After that it was so easy to get internet and also it was cost 5 or 6 euro per month .

Social media became the only thing that you do on the internet in

that time. Why?

After 30 years with Mubarak as a president, Egypt had a lot of problems. The most important of these problems were unemployment , you can describe Egypt in that time for mid-level

people in one word “No “ no job , no dignity , no money , no healthcare , no good education except the universities , no life .

When the youth start to use social media they found each other’s in the same situation all of them, one story for all of them, it was really

incredible what they start to do using the social media. How?

They start to talk and define the problem in Egypt and also they start to take picture, video for every good place to show you the meaning of how Egypt the most beautiful place in the world, about the slums they make interview with the people live in slums to show you how those people are suffering in their life. The main aim was, they believe that Egypt deserves an advanced place in the world, and the Egyptian people deserve a better life as well! Started to encourage people to express their opinion about the previous regime, to break their own fears and negativity! And to elevate their awareness about the importance of participation in the political life. And the main questions were how long we will continue to suffer in silence? What we wait for to take a positive step?

6th of April Youth Movement and كلنا خالد سعيد , it fan pages were

created to express anger towards the government .they call the

Egyptian to Manifestations 25/1/2011 start from that day Egypt

revolution and we didn’t finish!

8

Media – People

Since the digital media became evolve every day in our life , every one use it to tell us that the people are divided and every one became living in his own space “forgetting that they use the same technology to tell us the situation that we live it “ . Andrew Keen he wrote a book #digital vertigo described ‘how today’s online social revolution is

dividing, diminishing and disorienting us ‘Digital Vertigo is a warning about the loss of privacy of the inner self that social media is doing to us. Andrew Keen he doesn’t see that the social media have a good impact on the people ‘As we retreat from real social things, and as we retreat from readily watching or listening to other people’s ideas – music, movies, books, we seem to be more and more preoccupied with broadcasting ourselves. And that, I think, is deeply narcissistic and ultimately doesn’t reflect well on ourselves as individuals or collectively as a species’.

But does he have the same ideas about social media in

Middle East?

He said: ‘not all social networking is

really social behavior. While there

have been some very good uses of

social platforms such as what we

saw in the Middle East and in

Russia

What happen in Egypt as a city In the Middle East

make him think that social media there is social

behavior?

What happened in Middle East was really amazing starting with

Egypt and going through all Middle East countries to inspire them.

The difference was you lived for 30 years doing nothing so now the

time to do something are you will do something useful or not ?

I remember that Mark Zuckerberg was so happy with Egypt revolution ,

he was feeling like he made this revolution he invent the tool made

the people able to collect, connect each other not just 10 or 15

persons but more than 5 million persons , the tool make the people

first know each other , after that ,know the country that they live ,

feel that they happy but there is a lot of people not so you have to

make something , you have to find solution .

The first step as social behavior after revolution

`

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_LeBYliWJk

Clean the

Tahrir

square

after

Mubarak

stepped

down

9

After that realize that the youth have a power

and the ability to change, to improve the

situation just using a social media as a tool to

make this

Second step – look for Egypt problems try to

solve –‘be positive ‘

One of our problems

‘’ Sexual harassment’

The government before

wasn’t doing any steps

to stop this phenomena,

but after revolution the youth using social

media decide to take a steps to control it

1- Protestations in street

https://www.facebook.com/events/150788335077948

The police said if you want from me to catch

someone you have to prove.

You have tool social media be creative &prove.

2- Harassment map Cairo

http://harassmap.org/

Is this map change the urban security of the city? The people after

that accept more the cameras surveillance, so what happen not is

the map effect the urban security but the people interact then make

tool “map” to effect the urban security for public places.

Using social media to Reporting

on the map of sexual

harassment, Note more places

the accident happened. Then

try to put Cameras and Police

patrols. Also since you put mark

for accident immediately the

help come for you.

10

Media – City

Cities are living systems, made, transformed and experienced by

people .Urban forms and functions are produced and managed by

the interaction between space and society that is by the historical

relationship between human consciousness, matter, energy and

information.

One relatively recent development is the ‘smart city’, which sees

cities and technology companies working together to organize urban

processes more efficiently, with sensor and network technologies

gauging and optimizing energy and water supplies, transport and

logistics, and air and environmental quality – the hope being that this

will improve the quality of life. But the far-reaching digitization of

urban life is also bringing along potential new problems, with critics

arguing that electronic customer cards, localized mobile services and

narrow-casted messages aimed at individuals are combining to

transform the city into a site for optimized consumption. Moreover,

the city is threatened with becoming a tightly controlled quasi-

military zone with ubiquitous camera.(18)

The map of any city can make you understand how is the city look

like (street, main buildings, parks, transportations lines) but today

this way to understand the city became quit bigger than before, we

have more than one map in the process to understand (media

technologies map, how people interact, not just street and main

buildings but also pictures and main restaurant and the evaluations

for this shops and restaurant, activates, events, …etc.) Since the

technology became easier the professionals didn’t stop to create a

lot of maps in order to understand our cities.

http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.it/2009/12/atlanta-restaurant-reviews-on-google.html

http://en.rian.ru/infographics/20110228/162792394.html Social networks

have become a mainstream activity for Internet users across the globe

This is our map

nowadays

classified with

the something

that you looking

for (restaurant,

cinema,

museums

….etc.)

11

Media help us to recognize our ideas about the city with different

type of maps but the common factor in all these maps is the Society

In order to understand what is the impact of media technology on the urban form of the cities and because the social media is one of the component for ICT (information and communication Technologies)

Media Technologies Impact On Urban Form

The relationship between ICT and urban form can be encapsulated in two main views –of spatial restructuring and of economic restructuring (19).

1. Spatial Restructuring

The spatial restructuring perspective focuses on how urban space responds to ICT, including a centralization-decentralization dichotomy and a discussion of the newly emerging forms. New urban forms explore how urban form might respond to ICT, and what ICT might generate.(15) 1.1 Centralization

The proponents of centralization believe that the role of central

cities will remain active or even be strengthened by technological

innovations. For over the years we live with the concept of

centralization, the facilities and main buildings concentrated in a city

center and this in turn has led to movement all people to city center

to live, to interact with the community and also to work, but with the

Egypt influence network – Arabic in Red, English in blue

http://www.visualizing.org/visualizations/egypt-influence-network

Figure 2: The City and the Immediate

Surrounding

12

advances in information technologies the demand for all kinds of

human interactions will increase and eventually the role of cities as

centers of various activities and interactions will strengthen. And

with the development of ICT and emergence of social media the

result in an increase of face-to-face interactions and expand the size

of a city under the assumption that city residents use more electronic

interactions than those on the periphery.

The global city acquires a new urban spatiality that depends on

networks and is generated by the combination of economic

globalization and ICT such as New York, San Francisco, Boston, Los

Angeles, and Chicago, have started to profit from this

transformation.

1.2 Decentralization

The relationship between ICT and urban form is based on the

entropy paradigm: the tendency of technological advances to diffuse

first within cities and then in the rural areas. Thus, new technologies

will reduce the attractiveness of cities as centers of human

interactions and work. Building on Webber’s (1964) speculation

about the “nonplace urban realm,” Fainstein and Fainstein (1989)

and Atkinson (1996) maintain the decentralization thesis, proposing

that ICT will eventually result in the “death of distance.” (15)

2- Economic Restructuring

The space of flows is a new spatial form of the networked society and the main domain of global technological movement and flow, whereas the space of places is the geographic space of everyday life. A society with both the space of flows and the space of places is likely to experience wide ranging changes in physical space, economy, employment, history, and culture (1).

Figure 3: The

Networked City.

Urban of the cities depend on how people can connect with each

other and how they can interact with their cities, and since the

media technology make the people connect in different way,

make events in a lot of places, the idea of centralization almost

disappeared in a lot of cities and this in my point of view very

advanced concept if we can apply the concept of the cities in

suburban places , what I mean that the media technology help

people to connect with other when they live in suburban places

or in any place , but our task to make every suburban like a big

city with facilities and places can people work , schools and malls

after that I think the idea of suburban can work very well .

13

Sassen (1991) explains that the advances in ICT, among other factors,

have transformed modern capitalism into a global network of

corporations and cities. That new industrial complex dominates

economic growth in major cities and contains the elements of a new

type of a city . Sassen (2001) argues that global cities often tend to

“consolidate” rather than disperse, for three reasons: (1) the

significance of the centrality of global cities in securing connectivity

and supporting functions dependent on the ICT; (2) the complexity of

the global financial system across borders; and (3) weaker national

identities.

Thus, the economic restructuring perspective stresses fundamental changes in the organization of capital and production in a world economy brought about by a socioeconomic paradigm based on ICT.

We have seen in our life many example for growth the city economic

by media technologies and how the idea of the market are change

completely after the media, especially in Tourism as a part of the

economy.

Since media technologies are used to play in economy for each

country The way that the cities present their selves have the same

approach ‘ attraction ‘ but is this idea change the urban city?

In case of Dubai (16) , In the beginning of the 20th century Dubai the

population was 20.000 , the concept to build Dubai was ‘imaginative

city ‘ so the aim of design approach was To attract people by build

Attractive and unique architecture , it’s really different approach

compare with the historical city , the city make for people today ,

some people said it’s not has a meaning and I prefer to live in cities

have history and I feel in such cities with my identity , from my point

of view those people just scared to leave their place that they grow

in, they can’t accept different approach ,accept or not the concept of

a non-historical city after 100 years it will be also historical city .

Fact of Dubai : As of 2010, Dubai was the 7th most visited city of the

world with 7.6 million visitors a year (20)

These facts make me ask, how Dubai get all those tourists without

any historical monuments. So

I think the fact is more than

60 % of our world accept the

concept of Dubai, or Dubai

know how can marketing

their city in global world? , in

such case we learned that the

human interesting are

changed over the years, and if we should respect the past according

to John Ruskin I think we should also respect our present because it’s

our results .

14

3- Remixing City

Cities innovate when people mix and mingle, sharing and combining

ideas from different vantage points and traditions. That mixing takes

place on and in shared infrastructures and spaces that bring people

together. (21)

A successful city is like a washing machine, it holds a mass of

different things together, in an enclosed space, while mixing them up

and moving them around at high speed .city leadership is in the

middle of the mixer, like the soap tablet in a washing machine, a

small but absolutely critical ingredient in the mix.

4- Read –write

Read/write urbanism” is, frankly, jargon, but it’s a pretty neat piece

of jargon. Its Kevin’s way of describing what is novel about urban life

under the condition of ambient informatics. The idea that the cities

users are no longer bound to experience passively the territory

through which they move but have been empowered to inscribe

their subjectivities in the city itself...that those subjectivities can be

anchored in place and responded to by those who come after.

So your passage through, your use of, or your investment in this

place leaves a tangible informational trace, which can either be

gathered up and acted upon individually in the aggregate. (22)

5- Pattern of movement

There is Information that has the potential to affect larger patterns

of movement and activity within the city, what it is? I’m thinking of

projects like The Institute for Applied Autonomy’s project “iSEE”,

which provides a web-based interface to a map of the locations of

surveillance cameras in Manhattan. Using this interface, visitors can

map a route from point A to point B that follows a “path of least

surveillance.” (22)

1What’s interesting here is that the interface makes visible relatively

invisible forces within the city and potentially alters patterns of

movement not of a single individual seeking a near-term goal but of a

larger constituency sharing concerns for privacy in contemporary

public space.

1 Amsterdam REALTIME: From October 3 to December 1, 2002, approximately sixty Amsterdam

residents were equipped with GPS tracer units that recorded each individual’s movement through the city. The data was sent in real time to an exhibition space, where it was visualized as a series of lines. Over time, these lines drew a map of Amsterdam that was based on the movements of people rather than streets or blocks of houses.

Egypt has used the

same idea to invite

the tourists using

media in order to

increase the income.

http://realtime.

waag.org/

15

6- Urban security

We have seen before the harassed map and how could effect on

security of places.

Another example, at Stamen Design’s Oakland Crime spotting. This is

a nifty hack that imports Oakland Police Department crime data into

a Google Maps mash-up, and does so not willy-nilly but with a fairly

high degree of aesthetic polish (22).

The importance of Oakland Crime spotting is that it makes

transparent something that absolutely shapes both the affective

experience of being in the city and the choices we make there—the

actuality of street crime—plotting reported incidents on a map and

returning that knowledge to you. But it must be said that its impact is

somewhat limited by the fact of its output being limited to a PC, or at

best a smartphone, screen.

During the Egypt revolution the idea of security places became in

different way compare with Europe country, all the crime that

(Mubarak Retinue and State Security Investigations Service) made

it , defiantly we wasn’t

able the prove it

without videos .

The only truth that we have the videos after that the Egyptian

inspired to record all the truth with video because the law in Egypt

can make any one see the video not like Europe just the police that

they have a right to do that .

The Egyptian nowadays believes with just video not anything that’s

make the projects of

Surveillance cameras

increase in all places

and for the Egyptians

they looking for this

is safer for them.

A lot of terraces now

have cameras to record

the situation all the day

http://oakland.crimespotting.org/#lon=-122.270&zoom=14&dtend=2013-02-10T23:59:59-

07:00&dtstart=2013-02-03T23:59:59-

07:00&types=AA,Mu,Ro,SA,DP,Na,Al,Pr,Th,VT,Va,Bu,Ar&hours=0-23&lat=37.806

http://www.youtu

be.com/watch?v=JJ

rWq96RBhc

16

Media – architect

Since we know the digital media have impact on the design strategies so what position can architects, planners and urbanites take in their design profession via-a new media? Why should they bother with new media in the first place? What are the challenges they face? And what are future directions and chances for these professions? In answering these questions, i make a strong plea for an attitude of ‘critical engagement’ (23)

Architects ask what kind of activities, social interactions or exclusions should a new project promote or hinder. How can these be shaped through spatial forms? And what roles do digital media play in this?

I think architects shouldn’t just build an urban screen just because you can, or the Kunsthaus in Graz has one too. Rather they should start by asking: what kind of social processes do we want to provoke or hope to avoid? Can an urban screen indeed contribute to these processes or will it disturb them?

Architecture and new media Architects and urbanites have long embraced digital media in their professional practice. They have been quick to employ computers and other digital media technologies as instruments in the design process itself (computer-aided design), and to create new visualizations. It was started to replacement of hand-drawing and modeling. Later the processing power of computers was used to

calculate new spaces that would otherwise not have been possible. This would lead to a second phase in the relationship between spatial design and new media, namely the creation of spatial forms that reflected the rise of the digital age. A new visual language emerged in spatial design that explored the semantics of new media. In addition, new media (and in particular

‘virtual reality’) were seen as a new spatial realm that could be shaped by a ‘virtual architecture’. This phase characterized by increasing overlap and integration of digital space and physical space, rather than being everyone has a separate realm or their own space (labeled by terms like cyberspace, virtual reality, digital domain, and so on), new media technologies – and mobile media in particular – have become an attendant part of everyday life. Internet-enabled mobile phones, GPS navigation, entry cards with integrated RFID chips, CCTV cameras, media facades, and so on are embedded in the urban fabric. To describe this new phase of architecture we propose that impels architecture to relate to digital media in a new way, beyond merely using them as instruments, to represent their spatial logic in design, or to design for virtual worlds, i will show three different attitudes towards the emerging hybrid city.

1- Ignore

Why wouldn’t architects and planners simply ignore developments in

the field of new media? We can say, new media developments and

architecture operate at very different speeds. It often takes many

years for an architect or planner to negotiate, design, and build,

whereas the design of new media technologies is calculated in

months rather than years. Further, the lifecycle of media

technologies is often updated every few months. Why we think how

Figure 2 .BIX Media Façade. They created a unique fusion between architecture and media technology with the light and media facade BIX designed for the Kunsthaus Graz.

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people use twitter or Facebook to organize their daily life and meet

people when the service may have ceased to exist or evolved into

something completely different? , Architects leave digital media out

of the equation and just design as a traditional way.(23)

But they are wrong, from point of view. The merging of digital and

physical spaces leads to new social and spatial practices. This has a

huge impact on spatial practices and spheres such as dwelling and

inhabiting, meeting and public space, traveling and mobility, work

and provisioning, and leisure. The design of these spatial domains

has traditionally been the core business of architects and planners.

Any changes in these fields therefore directly affect their work and

cannot be ignored.

Igor Peraza, an architect expressed his concerns for an architect’s role

in this vast ocean of new media. He thinks that an architect should

first think about how people can appreciate a building, and the high

technology merely comes along to make things easier. In his words,

architecture is heavier on the humanity’s side on a scale against

technology.

2-Embrace Architects and planners should embrace new media and try to integrate the digital domain seamlessly into the design of physical space. Architects build for people, and if people want to use new media technologies, the architect should try to optimize their personalized media-experience of urban space. Architects should use the latest technologies to shape their designs. Spaces can be stuffed with sensors that make ‘smart’ analyses of the environment so that they can respond to changing circumstances. Surfaces can be conceived of as potential pixel space for interactivity, so that

surroundings can be personalized and adapted by their users. This is the ‘information age’ and architecture should express that in any possible form. Architects should not only build for the streets, but also for the screen. This response is the exact opposite of ignoring. But isn’t this over-enthusiastic stance ignoring the fact that media practices are profoundly influencing social behavior in physical space, yet not necessarily always for the better? And what remains of the valuable differences between spatial design and media design?

3- Critical engagement The attitude of ‘critical engagement’ implies a self-reflective take on the profession of spatial design itself. For us - as relative unprofessional who interest in new media, urban culture and identity – architecture provides spatial structures for social processes. It is a profession that literally sets the stage for the social interactions of everyday life. So architects should ask themselves how new media technologies alter the social processes behind spatial interventions? For example, if the housing became not just four walls and roof but involve by all sorts of media which bring in formerly separated domains like work, leisure, meeting, and even (virtual) travel so what habits that will arise ?

Media practices turn this dyad into a triangular relationship: Man + environment + media. Let’s say that we have 3 positions for this relation Position 1 : (ignore) emphasizes the relation between man +environment but ignores the fact that social processes in physical space are increasingly mediated by technologies.(23)

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Position 2 (embrace) emphasizes the relation between man + media, yet loses sight of the importance of physical context for media use. Position 3 takes this triangular relationship as its point of departure. On the one hand architects have to come up with new design solutions for these changing social practices. On the other hand they can also influence these mediated social practices through physical design interventions: directing, discouraging, stimulating alternatives, commenting on them, and so on.

Egypt – media - architects

the revolution make the people realize that the Youths is our main

force and the mistake if the old generation didn’t use the power of

the young generation so it was also good thing all old generation ask

their children’s to make for them account on the Facebook and

twitter to contact with them , so now we have aid with vision

because when the old architects saw the pages for help the slums

people they start to put vision and the youths can apply this vision

and of course all this projects (nonprofit)

Remal-Foundation one of the biggest

organization in Egypt on social media

involve big number of Egypt architects , in

order to upgrade the architecture visions

and improve the urban life , make the

people interact more with their city ,

integrate the citizens in the design process

, and in construction process also for those

visions . Remal foundation use the social media for 4 aim :

1- Show the situation for Degraded places to every one using

media and try to call the people to involve in the process to

improve such places.

2- Collect ideas from the citizens how we can improve urban

places in Egypt, slums and degraded places.

3- Put visions (design ) , show the vision on social media and

ask who can construct this vision in a real life .

4- Remal foundation are nonprofit foundation and doesn’t

ask the people for money , they ask the media users for

help to construct with their own in such places .

http://issuu.com/remal-foundation/docs/egypt_712_brief-remal-ash-06-11-2012

http://issuu.com/remal-foundation/docs/mansheyet_nasser_-_updated-ash-jpg-

20-12-2012

http://www.remal-

foundation.org/index.php/ar/pr

ojects-ar/manshyet-nasser/421-

manshya-ar

http://issuu.com/remal-

foundation

part from improving of the

one slum in Egypt “Manshyt Naser “

we can say the architects in Egypt embarace and cr

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Media – Design

Media technologies make the methods of design more wide than

before, media effect on the design through people and market.

The rapidly growing availability of information, the expertise of most

fields is decreasing. With the easy and wide access of the Internet,

every interested individual can effortlessly retrieve information in

any field, resulting in a decreasing specificity of professional fields.

Therefore, architects might no longer be experts in the field, and

they are slowly becoming “consultants,” especially in a society where

customer demand is highly valued. As an architect, Steven Wang

faces clients who have envisioned a project for a certain purpose,

and only visit the architect’s firm to “consult” what is feasible and

what is not. Of course, the renderings and other details are still the

architect’s responsibility, but Steven Wang feels that the

conceptualization is slowly being handed to the clients.

That’s make the function of design any project depend more on

visualization the project , sometime the project from design function

or ventilation or light not that good because they focus more on

shape and presentation of the project in order to ( ebhar el 3mil )

when they see the project on media market .

But also the media market change the design function In China,

similar changes is happening. For example, with the expansion of

online shopping, the need for shopping malls will gradually decrease.

Of course, this is not to say that shops and malls will completely

disappear – there will always be products (e.g. clothes) that are

better purchased in person. Nevertheless, shops like Best Buy might

significantly decrease in store size. The existence of shopping malls

will become more spiritual than material, much like churches in

medieval Europe – a place for people to meet friends and socialize.

Similarly, libraries might become purely an archival center. With

these changes already in action, architecture will definitely need to

catch up.

Fu Haicong has made similar remarks: shop sizes can become smaller, and public areas will need grow in size. Specifically, the airports that ECADI has designed in recent years feature smaller and smaller waiting areas as digital media are providing passengers with more accurate and real-time information regarding the status of their flights. Fortunately, Chinese urban designers and architects are gradually becoming aware of the inevitability of these transformations and are integrating them into their designs.

Designing social cities. How to do it?

The main problem with the vision of the smart cities that can we use the same hi-tech to make the cities more social instead of (just) smart? How can we use digital technologies to make our cities more social, rather than just more hi-tech? When you think about social cities it’s not about a blueprint, the

design approach. It’s a way of thinking about cities that are highly

technological, but which is not about the technology itself, but about

the people.

I will use some case studies from workshop about social cities and

describe it

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Case Study 1- TEMPLOT Municipalities are always plagued by having many unused vacant parcels. Zeeburgereiland Amsterdam is a

typical case; Europe is dealing with

same issues. Key idea: “temporary”

could become the stimulus. The city

idea was to make it available as a 10

year-lease for 1 euro. Why not make

it much more temporary: what if the urban pioneer was only given

the land for 365 days instead of 10 years? The temp architecture

initiative wants experts to meet some place to advise new urban

pioneers to do something “tomorrow”. These expert roles are:

owner, developer, designer, manager. However, what if the urban

pioneers are the experts? Individuals could start playing those roles

themselves. To do so, maybe these urban pioneers don’t need a

place but a platform? This system consisting of a website plus apps

could be TEMPLoT. Zeeburgereiland = 3, 6 ha plot minus 15%

infrastructure. Possible uses: Recreation? Entertainment,

Amusement, Do Nothing? As the area is sandwiched between super

dense neighborhoods: what if their main uses were

A garden? It could provide a temp infrastructure consisting of private parcels, plus an area for a larger community “Contribution Zone”. Flex spaces would be adjacent to private spaces, which can help in the building of mini communities. Manage the collective usage online via TEMPLoT. Follow the seasonal life cycle: in

December, start planning the temp infrastructure, in January, do the bidding process, after that the building and planting etc., use summer for enjoying festivals, then in October/November, do the cleanup process. Coordination can happen online. The flex space is the negotiation space (through bidding) between the neighbors. Contribution zone: everybody has to contribute something there (time, energy, skills &

knowledge, teaching, network, etc.). These contributions are visible in your online profile, so your neighbors know your involvement. Potential individual uses: relaxation, family plot, artist studio, etc. Stakeholder organization response: (22) It for sure is possible. It could become a way of “city making”. Should not only be gardens, however, the area could also be used in another

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way. A potential problem is that people like it so much that they don’t want to leave? Also, the app used in the plotting process should be simple. What if it would also allow pioneers to change plot? Would be great if it could also help to increase the skills of participants.

Impressed by the “back to basics” approach. This is refreshing, as city design has become so (unnecessarily) complex these days. Nice it’s so hands-on. Commitment: the tender for Zeeburgereiland is already out; we

could add this digital approach. Every city in Europe has such a map

of vacant plots. Many other cities could also apply this approach:

investigate how other cities can be involved

Audience response: (22) There’s a similar project in Ghent, Belgium. It’s about gardens; people could buy it with invented city currency, so that everybody could afford a plot, also those without money. You put in your effort and got the virtual currency.

Case Study 2- ZONE –S

Strijp-S in Eindhoven is a cross-over between virtual media and physical space. How can new media contribute to the urban atmosphere of Strijp-S? In answering this question, the approach should:

Connect to the DNA of the area Increase the experience Inspire people Be interactive (23)

It’s not the new media, but the people who are going to change the atmosphere. Starting from here, the team of the workshop decided

to “go to extremes”: make a social city with the help of new media. There’s a lot of vacant space around the buildings. Housing corporation Trudo’s ambition: to create a new creative cultural heart of Eindhoven:

High density Mixed activates

Vibrancy 24/7 Attractive facilities

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How are you going to build a community? There are no people living there now. There’s a huge gap between now and future. Right now, Strijp-S is very popular for huge festivals. There are some peaks in attendance, but in between the public space is abandoned. How do you expand the amount of time that people spend there? How do you have people stay longer and contribute to the area? People working there see it as a “living lab”. Because there are no people there you have the freedom for “extreme experimentation”: see Strijp-S as a temporary social experimental zone. What if we were to consider Strijp- S as a game zone (metaphor, not actually)? We want to get social engagement, using the game metaphor can help in achieving this. In such a community you’re not just a visitor, but a player. You can choose the amount of involvement you’re up to. However, you need to get support from the community. You start as a novice but can end as a “professional community member”. You can enter project proposals on the online community site. Propose a project, then if you have enough support by deadline, you can go to next level of realization. The game offers you a territory, you can predesign the project on the online interface, if you get the support you can build/realize the project. People vote for you, but also say whether they will attend/assist. This awards you points, which you can use to reach the next level. One example could be a “Trash2Fuel” project, an extreme project area where you’re going to burn/compo waste. For this to succeed, many details still need to be worked out: who

are the community players, what are the rules, who would be the

“game master”, what

resources are needed?

However, it would be a way

to generate the sustained

and expanding kind of social

engagement needed to make

the area work

Stakeholder organization response: (23) The approach appeals, but it might apply mostly to the current young population and many events. Later “normal inhabitants” will come. How to involve them in such a game metaphor? One way could be to have many different levels of the game, different zones, different interfaces (e.g. a cafe).

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Trudo is really interested and will explore this idea more deeply with the team. As developers “we should no longer think in buildings”! Audience response:

Great idea, use “lunch bus-like” ideas

to make novices get used to the idea.

Also create (physical) playgrounds to

introduce people to the whole

concept. Use a real space to play the

initial stage of the game, and then go

online.

Condition

Community players

Rules

Game mater

Resources

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Media-Future

Social media is useful to solve many problems in our city, in case of

Egypt or Amsterdam, they use social media to solve problem in

urban places, the uses off course different from city to city, but the

process is the same.

What about tomorrow? Is the process it will be the same also?

We can see china after 50 years without mall shopping building but

we can see Egypt after 50 years without mall shopping building I

think no that’s depending on the mentality of the people.

During this research I found that the next step it could be the owner

make his own design because media provided all the information can

make the owner know how he can do it .

We know that the main office for the architects is social media

because this is the real market for their idea or concepts and there is

a lot of architects work from home and they share the results on

media, what about tomorrow? Do you think the collaborative

between home architects will increase and we will not find Architect

Company anymore? Or the design process will be step by step share

online and the users can edit on the design to improve it or not

improved but to make their own design.

In big cities always there a lot of places have a problem and no one

know or we don’t know from the media, in Egypt for example there

a lot of slums and places the citizens didn’t know about it

But we talk before that the Egyptians citizens integrated in improve

the city, I think the idea of project ‘iSEE’ is very useful , if we have

app online draw the city we can walk for all Egypt to make the real

map for slums and show how the urban fabric are changed .

Also it could be solution to show for the government how we have

big problem with the traffic, the app could share online how many

hours every day you spent in traffic and where?

Since we know where we can make Statistics how many user stop

in this point , then we know exactly problems points , then we can

solve it .

The technology will not stop , but if the human can positive over

the years , can control it and use it to change the life better and

better .

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