towards a scintillating (semi)-digital hadron calorimeter: progress at niu/nicadd jerry blazey
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Towards A Scintillating (Semi)-Digital Hadron Calorimeter: Progress at NIU/NICADD Jerry Blazey Northern Illinois University. LC Activities at NIU/NICADD. Scintillator (Semi-)Digital Hadron Calorimeter Simulation and Hardware Studies – This Talk - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Towards A Scintillating Towards A Scintillating (Semi)-Digital Hadron (Semi)-Digital Hadron
Calorimeter: Progress at Calorimeter: Progress at NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Jerry BlazeyJerry Blazey
Northern Illinois UniversityNorthern Illinois University
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
LC Activities at NIU/NICADDLC Activities at NIU/NICADD
Scintillator (Semi-)Digital Hadron Scintillator (Semi-)Digital Hadron Calorimeter Simulation and Calorimeter Simulation and Hardware StudiesHardware Studies – This Talk – This Talk
Test Beam Plans for Scintillator Test Beam Plans for Scintillator Hadron Calorimeter & Tail-catcherHadron Calorimeter & Tail-catcher – – Vishnu Zutshi – This SessionVishnu Zutshi – This Session
G4-based Simulation Status & Plans G4-based Simulation Status & Plans – Guilherme Lima– Guilherme Lima – Session 7 Friday – Session 7 Friday 8:308:30
Muon Simulation Development & Muon Simulation Development & StatusStatus – Arthur Maciel – Muon/PID – Arthur Maciel – Muon/PID Session Wednesday 1:00Session Wednesday 1:00
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
““Generic” Calorimeter Simulations Generic” Calorimeter Simulations First Design & Prototype & Results First Design & Prototype & Results
on Sensitivity and Thresholdon Sensitivity and Threshold Optimization of Unit CellsOptimization of Unit Cells Light Sensor InvestigationsLight Sensor Investigations
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
A Generic Calorimeter:A Generic Calorimeter: Number of Cells vs. Pion Number of Cells vs. Pion
EnergyEnergy
For a 0.25 mip threshold # cells monotonicallyincreasing with energy for a wide range of cell sizes.
0.25mip threshold
# ofCells
E
100
20
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Digital vs. AnalogDigital vs. Analog
Very similar correlations exist for hits or energy Between the EMCAL and HCAL
Energy 10,50 GeV Hits 10,50 GeV
Hits HCAL E HCAL
Hits ECAL E ECAL
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Single Particle Energy Single Particle Energy ResolutionResolution
Minimize (EMinimize (Eoo--aaiiLLii))22
aaii calculated for 10 GeV & applied calculated for 10 GeV & applied to all E which is conservativeto all E which is conservative
i=2 for EMCAL & HCAL, also i=2 for EMCAL & HCAL, also conservativeconservative
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Single Particle Energy Single Particle Energy Resolution Resolution
Non-projective geometry
For lower energy particles digital approach has superior resolution!
/E
E
0.1
20
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Resolution as a Function Resolution as a Function ofof
Multiple Thresholds or Multiple Thresholds or BitsBits
* As in the previous slide, below 20 GeV digital resolution superior to analog.* At all energies, more bits superior.
/E)dig
/E)analog
E
So it works for single particles how about jets?
1
2
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Toy Simulation: Toy Simulation: “Recipe” for a Jet“Recipe” for a Jet
Determine resolution independent of algorithmDetermine resolution independent of algorithm For ZZ events PFor ZZ events PTT order stable MC particles, order stable MC particles,
ignore ignore ’s’s For charged hadrons assume perfect energy For charged hadrons assume perfect energy
(from tracker)(from tracker) Smear the energy of other particlesSmear the energy of other particles
– For neutral hadrons use resolutions for charge pions (just For neutral hadrons use resolutions for charge pions (just discussed). discussed).
– For photons use For photons use ~ 17%/sqrt(E) ~ 17%/sqrt(E)
Start with highest pStart with highest pTT particle and cluster in 0.7 particle and cluster in 0.7 conecone
Repeat for remaining particlesRepeat for remaining particles Add individual energies to get jet energyAdd individual energies to get jet energy
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
ZZ Events: Sanity ChecksZZ Events: Sanity Checks
Stable MC particles
Energy Fractions
Neutral hadron fraction
fraction
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Jet E ResolutionJet E Resolution
rms used
/E
Jet E(GeV)
So the idea holds water: At all energies 3x3 single
threshold resolution comparable to analog!
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Using full E-flow: Jet Using full E-flow: Jet EErecrec/E/Egengen
~60% better
(Vishnu Zutshi, ECFA-DESY Workshop, 1/4/2004http://nicadd.niu.edu, presentation 0046)
= 0.25 = 0.16
Calorimeter only Eflow
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Full Eflow: Jet EFull Eflow: Jet Erecrec/E/Egengen
= 0.17 = 0.16
Eflow digital (2cm2 cells) Eflow analog
Digital approach not yet optimizedbut performance comparable to
analog!
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Hardware Prototypes:Hardware Prototypes:Stack, Layer, & Unit CellStack, Layer, & Unit Cell
Clear FiberMPTM
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Cosmic Data with PMT Cosmic Data with PMT ReadoutReadout
~11 p.e. peak = 1MIP
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Efficiency and Noise Rejection
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Number of MIPs
Pe
rce
nt
Efficiency
Noise Rejection
0.25 MIP threshold: efficient, quiet
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Cell Response Uniformity Cell Response Uniformity & Dispersion& Dispersion
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 10 20 30 40 50
POSITION OF Sr-90, MM
NO
MA
LIZE
D R
ESPO
NSE
Column1Column1
MeanMean 1562.5061562.506
Standard ErrorStandard Error 24.5264724.52647
MedianMedian 1557.961557.96
ModeMode #N/A#N/A
Standard DeviationStandard Deviation 115.0394115.0394
Sample VarianceSample Variance 13234.0513234.05
KurtosisKurtosis -0.05291-0.05291
SkewnessSkewness 0.3349390.334939
RangeRange 444.52444.52
MinimumMinimum 1386.471386.47
MaximumMaximum 1830.991830.99
SumSum 34375.1434375.14
CountCount 2222
Cell-to-cell ~ 7%Uniformity ~ 3%
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Fiber Response Fiber Response Dominates:Dominates:
Dispersion ~ 6% Dispersion ~ 6%Histogram
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-1.3
0E-0
6
-1.2
6E-0
6
-1.2
2E-0
6
-1.1
8E-0
6
-1.1
4E-0
6
-1.1
0E-0
6
-1.0
6E-0
6
-1.0
2E-0
6
-9.8
0E-0
7
-9.4
0E-0
7
-9.0
0E-0
7
Bin
Freq
uenc
y
Frequency
Column1
Mean -1.14599E-06Standard Error 6.53057E-09Median -1.1464E-06Mode -1.10134E-06Standard Deviation 6.59555E-08Sample Variance 4.35012E-15Kurtosis 0.427712361Skewness 0.44298345Range 3.4981E-07Minimum -1.27961E-06Maximum -9.298E-07Sum -0.000116891Count 102Largest(1) -9.298E-07Smallest(1) -1.27961E-06Confidence Level(95.0%)1.29549E-08
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Other Uniformity Other Uniformity MeasurementsMeasurements
-0.200
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
0 10 20 30 40 50
POSITION OF THE Sr-90, MM
NO
RM
ALI
ZED
RE
SP
ON
SE
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
POSITION OF THE Sr-90, MM
NO
RM
ALI
ZED
RE
SP
ON
SE
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Relative Response Relative Response MeasurementsMeasurements
CellCell GrooveGroove AreaArea ResponseResponse
HexagonHexagon SigmaSigma 9.49.4 1895.31895.3
SquareSquare SigmaSigma 9.49.4 1665.81665.8
SquareSquare SigmaSigma 66 1740.51740.5
HexagonHexagon SigmaSigma 66 1743.81743.8
HexagonHexagon SigmaSigma 9.49.4 2015.92015.9
SquareSquare StraightStraight 9.49.4 1523.41523.4
SquareSquare StraightStraight 44 1618.61618.6
SquareSquare StraightStraight 9.49.4 861.5861.5
HexagonHexagon StraightStraight 9.49.4 900.9900.9
HexagonHexagon SigmaSigma 9.49.4 1089.41089.4
Since light ample, can optimize for ease of construction
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Surface Surface Treatment/WrappingTreatment/Wrapping
TyvekTyvek PaintPaint VM 2002VM 2002 MylarMylar CM590CM590 CM500CM500 Alum FoilAlum Foil
1.001.00 0.890.89 1.081.08 0.830.83 0.280.28 0.440.44 0.630.63
UNPOLISHED TOP ANDUNPOLISHED TOP AND
POLISHED BOTTOMPOLISHED BOTTOMPOLISHED TOP ANDPOLISHED TOP AND
POLISHED BOTTOMPOLISHED BOTTOMUNPOLISHED TOP ANDUNPOLISHED TOP AND
UNPOLISHED BOTTOMUNPOLISHED BOTTOM
0.980.98 1.001.00 1.021.02
Paint easy, little light lossPaint easy, little light loss
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Measurements:Measurements:
area, goove type, profile, area, goove type, profile, source, glues, fiberssource, glues, fibers
6cm6cm22/9cm/9cm22 Straight/SigmaStraight/Sigma Square/HexSquare/Hex Extruded/CastExtruded/Cast
0.950.95 0.950.95 0.940.94 0.70.7
After/Before glueAfter/Before glue EJ500/BC600EJ500/BC600
(optical glues)(optical glues) Y11/BCF92Y11/BCF92
1.151.15 1.01.0 3.13.1
NICADD scintillatorNICADD scintillator1mm round Kurray
0.8 mm
square B
icron
Can tune light yield with fiber typeCan tune light yield with fiber type.
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Thickness Tolerance: 2-3%Thickness Tolerance: 2-3%Response Depends weakly on Response Depends weakly on
Thickness: ~20%/mmThickness: ~20%/mm
NORMALIZED CELL RESPONSE OF Cs-137
y = 0.8426x + 0.1376R2 = 0.9852
0.75
0.95
1.15
1.35
1.55
1.75
0.75 0.95 1.15 1.35 1.55 1.75
CELL THICKNESS NORMALIZED TO 3 MM
RE
SP
ON
SE
NO
RM
AL
IZE
D T
O 3
MM
CE
LL
3mm4mm
5 mm
Extruded Tile
4.78
4.8
4.82
4.84
4.86
4.88
4.9
4.92
1 2 3 4 5 6
Position in 20 cm steps
Thick
ness
in m
m Side oneSide two
Thickness not an issue
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Optimum CellOptimum Cell
Hexagonal or SquareHexagonal or Square 4 - 9 cm4 - 9 cm22
Straight GrooveStraight Groove High efficiency fiberHigh efficiency fiber Glued Fiber and Painted SurfaceGlued Fiber and Painted Surface Extruded (cut costs) @ 5mmExtruded (cut costs) @ 5mm
But a bigger question is the light sensor: But a bigger question is the light sensor:
PMTs costly, bulkyPMTs costly, bulky
we have been investigating APDs, MRS, Si-PM…we have been investigating APDs, MRS, Si-PM…
My currentguess…
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Hamamatsu Avalanche Hamamatsu Avalanche Photo-DiodesPhoto-Diodes
Gain for Hamamatsu APD for different light wavelengths at 18 ºC
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Bias Voltage, V
Ga
in
486nm 565nm for 587nm 660nm
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Cosmic MIP with Cosmic MIP with Avalanche Avalanche
Photo-DiodePhoto-Diode
Hamamatsu S8550
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
MetallicMetallicResistiveResistiveSensors Sensors
LED signal
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 33 65 97 129
161
193
225
257
289
321
353
385
417
449
481
513
ADC counts
Even
ts
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Cosmics with MRSCosmics with MRS
Range of working points
y = 24.255x - 1180.5
R2 = 0.9969
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
49.8 50 50.2 50.4 50.6 50.8 51
Voltage (V)
Avera
ge m
inu
s p
ed
esta
l
~5 PE
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Si-PM’s (mounted on cell?)Si-PM’s (mounted on cell?)
Ru106, Si-PMT, 51 Volts, ~6 PE
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 56 111 166 221 276 331 386 441 496 551 606 661 716 771 826 881 936A D C C HA N N EL
MEPHI sample, Courtesy of B.Dolgoshein
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Cosmic Data with Si-PMCosmic Data with Si-PMN
umbe
r of
P.E
.
Comparable to PMTComparable to PMT
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Tabulated Studies/SpecsTabulated Studies/SpecsDevice HAMAMATSU
APD MRS or SiPM
VLPC PMT
Input sig. from MIP (photons)
60
60
60
60
Photo Electrons
48 77 48 77--1100 Gain 400 ? 10E(6) 10E(5) 10E(6) APD output Charge (fC)
3
1152
768
1152
S/N(room T)
~ 5.5 Est. ~ 3 real ~ 8.1 (10oC)
~ 8 meas.* >10 (9K) meas.**
> 10 meas.***
* B. Dolgoshein An Advanced Study of Silicon PM ICFA IB 2002
**A. Bross et all. Fermilab FN 0733 2003
*** Rykalin V. NICADD presentation http://nicadd.niu.edu 2002 Believe <$10/unit in bulk for SiPMBelieve <$10/unit in bulk for SiPM
Jerry Blazey Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADDNIU/NICADD
Scintillator DHC Scintillator DHC ConclusionsConclusions
Simulations indicate approach competitive Simulations indicate approach competitive with analog approachwith analog approach
Prototypes indicate there is sufficient Prototypes indicate there is sufficient sensitivity (light x efficiency) & uniformity.sensitivity (light x efficiency) & uniformity.
Now optimizing materials & construction to Now optimizing materials & construction to minimize cost with required sensitivityminimize cost with required sensitivity
SiPM and MRS look very promisingSiPM and MRS look very promising
All-in-all looks like a very competitive option….All-in-all looks like a very competitive option….
We’ll be moving towards the next prototypeWe’ll be moving towards the next prototype