TOWARDS AUTO ENERGY MONITORINGJACK CHAN

27 JUNE 2015 (R0)

CONTENT

• Background• Energy Dashboard

Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3

• Water Metering

CONTENT

• Background• Energy Dashboard

Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3

• Water Metering

Global BAS Market (USD Million)

USD 29.78 B

USD 55.48 B

BAS Today

Controls & monitors

Alters schedule

Change setpoints

Alarms when breached

History trending

Energy not included

“If you can not measure it, you can not improve it.”- Lord Kelvin (1824 – 1907)

Reliable Automation No Automation

CONTENT

• Background• Energy Dashboard

Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3

• Water Metering

What is an Energy Dashboard?“Today’s dashboard users have the ability to acquire real-time customized data from sources never available before and to make informed decisions to continuously optimize building operations”

Frank Shapdour & Joseph Kilcoyne, Criteria for Building Automation Dashboards, ASHRAE Journal May 2015

ENERGY DASHBOARD

Energy Dashboard Levels• Level 0 – Static Data• Level 1 – Live Display• Level 2 – Integrated Control & Analytics• Level 3 – Ongoing Commissioning

LEVEL 0 – STATIC DATA

• Basic Level• Intuitive Graphical Interface• Allows user to manually calculate key variables• Payback• Projected budget• Life cycle cost

LEVEL 1 – LIVE DISPLAY

• Real time energy data• Create occupant awareness• Real time sustainable features• Derived from energy meters, BAS, trends,

GBI scorecards

LEVEL 2 – INTEGRATED CONTROL & ANALYTICS

• Three additional features• Customized analytical tools (BEI, End use)• Advanced analytics: software provides

useable info from data & stats• Web services• Overlays useful graphics: energy use, trend

plots other KPIs.

GBIo Building Energy Intensity (BEI)o Monitoring Equipment > 100 kVAo Maximum Demand Limitingo Renewable Energyo Energy Model

CUSTOMIZED ANALYTICAL TOOLS

BEI Estimate

Month Jul 2013

TBEC = 260,087 x 12 months

3,121,044 kW.hr/yr

CPEC = 0 x 12 months

0 kW.hr/yr

DCEC = 0 x 12 months

0 kW.hr/yr

BEI =

TBEC 3,121,044 kW.h/yr

CPEC 0 kW.h/yr

DCEC 0 kW.h/yr

W.OH 60 h

GFAex.cp 19,687 m2

DCA 39 m2

GLA 15,687 m2

FVR 15%

BEI 156 kW.h/m2.yr

BEIn 151 kW.h/m2.yr

(GFAex.cp - DCA - GLA*FVR)

(TBEC - CPEC - DCEC) * (52 / WOH)

DPM Monitoring Points Total Incoming Energy Less Carpark Energy Less Data Centre Energy

User Input Parameters Floor Vacancy Rate (FVR) Weekly Operating Hours (WOH)

Fixed Constants Gross Floor Area excluding carpark Gross Lettable Area Data Centre Area

BEI EQUATION

BEI CONCEPT

• Solar Hours is defined as occurring between 08:00 (8:00am) – 18:00 (6:00pm).

• Overtime energy use which is identifiable from requests made to facilities department is NOT considered.

• Overtime energy occurred from 18:00 (6:00pm) – 24:00 (12:00am) will be deducted from the total energy use. However A/C startupenergy is included.

BEI CONCEPT

Base Load• Base load estimated from data

logging occurring between 18:00 –08:00 was added to the solar hour load to form TBEC.

01/01 - 31/01 Jan 178,576 13,107 - 7.34% 31 107 104

01/02 - 28/02 Feb 157,694 12,360 - 7.84% 28 95 102

01/03 - 31/03 Mar 199,964 14,169 - 7.09% 31 120 116

01/04 - 30/04 Apr 218,148 12,668 - 5.81% 30 131 131

01/05 - 31/05 May 245,600 13,670 2,237 5.57% 31 146 142

01/06 - 30/06 Jun 246,570 14,218 3,538 5.77% 30 147 147

01/07 - 31/07 Jul 264,242 13,559 4,155 5.13% 31 156 151

01/08 - 31/08 Aug - - - - - - -

01/09 - 30/09 Sep - - - - - - -

01/10 - 31/10 Oct - - - - - - -

01/11 - 30/11 Nov - - - - - - -

01/12 - 31/12 Dec - - - - - - -

TNB Biling Period /

Month

TNB Bill Record For

T5A7 Electricity

Consumption (kWh) /

Data Centre For ICIMB

Electricity Consumption

(kWh) / DCEC

DCEC / TBECNos.

Days/Month

Calender

Month BEI

Normalized

30-Day BEI

Solar PV and

Regen Lift

BEI TREND

ENERGY END USE

Tenant, Chiller Plant and AHU combined energy use of 73%

CHILLER PLANT

CT1VSD

CT2VSD

CT3VSD

CT4VSD

CT5VSD

CH1VSD

CH2VSD

CH3VSD

CHP1VSD

CNP1VSD

CHP2VSD

CNP2VSD

CHP3VSD

CNP3VSD

BTU

Carrier CCN• Schedules Chiller .• Lead Lag of Chiller.• Maximises Chiller Operation at Lowest Compressor Speed.• Modulates CT fan according to CNDW Supply Temperature.• Modulates CHPs speed based on dP on CHW pipes.• CNP operates according to chiller cut-in procedure with

fixed speed.• Calculates Plant kW/RT• Calculates Chiller kW/RT

Unit

Mon. – Fri. Saturday Sunday

Area Served NOTES Operating

Hours Operating Hours Operating Hours

Menara Binjai

Chiller 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control

CHWP 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control

CWP 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control

CT 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control

AHU 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control

Data Centre

Air Cond 24 Hours 24 Hours 24 Hours

Level 5, 23,

25 24 Hours

PLANT OPERATING SCHEDULE

Plant SideINVERTER DRIVEN COMPRESSOR CHILLER – Modulates according to cooling load, chilled water supply setpoint 8.5deg.CVSD DRIVEN CHILLED WATER PUMP – Modulates by dP set at furthest AHU @ L33AVSD CONDENSER WATER PUMP – Fixed at 30HzVSD COOLING TOWER FAN – Modulates by condenser water supply temp

Air SideVAV DAMPER – Setpoint at 23 – 25 deg.C depending on occupants preferenceCHILLED WATER VALVE – Modulates by return air temp CO2 – Setpoint at 800ppm

SETPOINTS & MODULATIONS

COOLING LOAD & KW/RT (APRIL 2014)

MAXIMUM DEMAND LIMITING

MDL STRATEGY

Consider window between 09:00 – 13:00 for MD Analysis

1,300kW

530kW

225kW

POWER DEMAND – CHILLER, AHU

175kW

450kW

14kW 25kW

POWER DEMAND – DATA CTR, CAR PARK

POWER DEMAND – SUMMARY

Load shifting to reduce peak from 530kW – 430kW (100kW)

Load shifting to reduce peak from 225kW – 175kW (50kW)

Possible by either • Switching chiller and AHU “on” earlier by an hour or

two. (TBEC may increase while MD may reduced)• Limit upper temperature limit of AHU and chilled water

supply compromising comfort.

Component Remarks

Chiller Plant 500 kW From Data Log

AHU 225 kW From Data Log

Data Centre 14 kW From Data Log

Car Park 25 kW From Data Log

Tenant P&L 736 kW Minus from Total

Total 1,500 kW From Data Log

Power Demand

Current Strategies : Increase AHU setpoint by 0.5 deg.CSwitching off Basement Carpark FansAlarm at EMS Workstation

Proposed Additional Strategies

PREDICTIVE LOAD SHEDDING

dt

dPPow

er (

kW)

Time (s)

Operations must have load which can be shed when demand is high

Eg waste processing machines (shredders, crushers)

Slowing down of motors and machines

Shutting down of non-critical machines

reduction in chiller power

LEVEL 3 – ONGOING COMMISSIONING

• Continuously mines data generated by BAS• Automated fault detection & diagnostic• Alerts faults, identify root cause & calculate

deviant from optimal performance• Prioritizes remedies

CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION

Equipment

Tag

Consumption

[kW.h]

Total

[kW.h]

% Over

Total

CH 1 220,760 694,351 79%

CH 2 197,066

CH 3 54,504

CH 4 215,830

CH 5 0

CH 6 6,192

CT 1 8,481 28,472 3%

CT 2 7,471

CT 3 3,631

CT 4 7,992

CT 5 0

CT 6 898

PCHWP 1 4,932 24,835 3%

PCHWP 2 7,957

PCHWP 3 3,255

PCHWP 4 7,979

PCHWP 5 0

PCHWP 6 0

PCHWP 7 712

PCHWP 8 0

PCWP 1 23,676 80,713 9%

PCWP 2 22,067

PCWP 3 9,867

PCWP 4 23,581

PCWP 5 0

PCWP 6 0

PCWP 7 1,522

PCWP 8 0

SCHWP 1 23,590 53,955 6%

SCHWP 2 16,404

SCHWP 3 13,961

SCHWP 4 0

SCHWP 5 0

SCHWP 6 0

882,325 882,325 100%

Equipment

Energy

Consumption

[kW.h]

Cooling

Capacity

[RT.h]

% Over

Total

[Excl. CT]

Ave

kW/RT

GM

Submission

[kW/RT]

SS530

Baseline

[kW/RT]

Ave Higher

Than SS530

Ave Higher

Than

Submission

Chiller 694,351 1,024,388.1 81% 0.6778 0.5436 0.577 1.17 1.25

PCHWP 24,835 3% 0.0242 0.0897 0.117 0.21 0.86

SCHWP 53,955 6% 0.0527 incl incl incl incl

PCWP 80,713 9% 0.0788 0.0609 0.088 0.90 1.29

Total 853,853 100% 0.8335 0.6942 0.782 1.07 1.20

CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION

Set periodic COP verification

Daily, Weekly, MonthlyData used for comparisonRe-commission if required

CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION

CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION

Online live data extraction from sensors, transducers

PERIODICAL DATA COMPARISON

ON LINE COMMISSIONING

ON LINE COMMISSIONING

Android powered Dashboard Live error code monitoring

ON LINE CLOUD SYSTEM

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

Energy Dashboard Levels• Level 0 – Static Data• Level 1 – Live Display• Level 2 – Integrated Control & Analytics• Level 3 – Ongoing Commissioning

REFERENCES

“Criteria for Building Automation Dashboards”, Frank Shapdour and Joseph Kilcoyne, ASHRAE Journal, May 2015

“GBI Non-Residential New Construction Tool”Greenbuildingindex Sdn Bhd

Panasonic & Daikin VRF Air Conditioning Systems

DISCUSSION