towards autonomous vehicular clouds
TRANSCRIPT
Old Dominion University
Towards Autonomous Vehicular Clouds
AdHocNets 2010, Victoria, BC, August 2010 1
M. EltoweissyS. OlariuM. Younis
9/16/2010
Old Dominion University
Outline
• What is VANET?• What is cloud computing?• Why vehicular clouds?
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• Why vehicular clouds?• Potential applications• Research challenges• A call to action
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VANET – the dream
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F. Doetzer, Privacy Issues in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
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VANET – the killer app
• Huge potential societal impact• An overnight success with
� automotive industry� various government agencies (USDOT, FCC, etc )
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� standardization bodies: ASTM, IEEE, SAE, ISO
• Emergence of projects and initiatives� Car-2-Car communication consortium � Vehicle Safety Consortium� Vehicle Infrastructure Integration� Networks on Wheels
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Smart vehicles (1)
• Vehicles are becoming more sophisticated� powerful on-board computing capabilities� tons of on-board of storage
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� tons of on-board of storage� significant communication capabilities� no power limitations
• Computations capabilities supported by� hosts of sensors and actuators� on-board radar and GPS
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Smart vehicles (2)
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Cloud computing
• A paradigm shift suggested by� low cost high-speed Internet� virtualization� advances in parallel and distributed databases
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� advances in parallel and distributed databases
• Basic idea: why buy when you can rent� exactly what you need� exactly when you need it
• Appealing to startups and other players� no upfront investment� no maintenance costs
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Cloud services
• Software as a Service (SaaS)� customers rent software hosted by the vendor
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
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� customers rent infrastructure and programming tools hosted by the vendor to create their own applications
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)� customers rent processing, storage, networking and other
fundamental computing resources for all purposes
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Vehicular clouds ‒ motivation
• Consider the parking lot of a typical company on a typical workday
• hundreds/thousands cars gounused for hours on end
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unused for hours on end
• Why rent computational/storageresources elsewhere?• you have them in your own backyard• they are yours to waste!
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AVC – autonomous vehicular cloud
• Vehicles are ideal candidates for nodes in clouds of various resources
• Autonomous Vehicular Cloud (AVC)� a group of autonomous vehicles whose corporate computing,
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� a group of autonomous vehicles whose corporate computing, sensing, communication and physical resources can be coordinated and dynamically allocated to authorized users
• How are AVCs different?� mobility� agility� autonomy
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How are AVCs different?
• Mobility: the presence of vehicles in close proximity to an event is often un-planned� pooling of the resources in support of mitigating the event must occur
spontaneously
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spontaneously
• Agility: refers to the ability of AVCs to tailor the amount of shared resources to the actual needs of the situation in support of which the AVC was constituted� agility does not exist in conventional clouds and is an important defining
characteristic of AVCs
• Autonomy: refers to the decision of each vehicle to participate in the AVC
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A TLSP application
• Traffic Light Synchronization Project (TLSP) a major US-DOT initiative
• Consider a city block where a traffic-related event has occurred• Once the traffic event has been cleared, relying on the existing
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• Once the traffic event has been cleared, relying on the existing scheduling of the traffic lights will not help dissipate the traffic backlog in an efficient way
• Our solution� the vehicles themselves will pool their computational resources together
creating the effect of a powerful super-computer � the AVC will recommend to a higher authority a way of rescheduling the
traffic lights that will serve the purpose of de-congesting the afflicted area as fast as possible
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AVC for planned evacuations (1)
• In cases of predicted disasters, massive planned evacuations are often necessary in order to minimize the impact of the predicted disaster on human lives
• Once an evacuation is underway, finding available gasoline, drinking water, shelter and medical facilities quickly becomes an
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drinking water, shelter and medical facilities quickly becomes an issue
• The 2005 hurricane evacuations in New Orleans and Houston have confirmed that there is no room for mistakes or misjudgments here
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AVC for planned evacuations (2)
• How can an AVC help?• We anticipate that the vehicles
involved in the evacuation will self-organize into one or several inter-operating AVC that will
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inter-operating AVC that will work hand in hand with the emergency management center
• In the course of this interaction, the emergency managers can upload information about open shelters to the central server
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How is an AVC set up?
• The formation of an AVC involves the following:� a broker elected spontaneously will attempt to form an AVC� the broker will secure a preliminary authorization from a higher (city) forum� the broker will inform the vehicles in the area of the received authorization and will
invite participation in the AVC.
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invite participation in the AVC.� the cars will/or will not respond to the invitation on a purely autonomous basis� the broker decides if a sufficient number of vehicles have volunteered and will then
announce the formation of the AVC� the cars in the AVC will pool their computational resources to form a powerful
supercomputer that, using a digital map of the area, will produce a proposal schedule to the higher (city) forum for approval and implementation
� once the proposal has been accepted and implemented, the AVC is dissolved
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AVC research challenges
• To make AVCs reality research is needed along the following three engineering dimensions
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� architectural � functional � operational and policy
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AVC architectural challenges
• Elastic mobile architecture� AVC networking and protocol architecture must be developed to accommodate
changing application demands and resource availability on the move
• Resilient architecture
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� AVC basic structural and composed building blocks must be designed and engineered to withstand structural stresses induced by the inherent instability in the operating environment.
• Service-oriented network architecture� contemporary layered network architectures, (e.g. the TCP/IP stack) have
proven inadequate in face of evolving applications and technologies� we envision the adoption of service-oriented component-based network
architectures with intrinsic monitoring and learning capabilities
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AVC functional challenges
• Enabling AVC autonomy� research is needed on developing a trustworthy base, negotiation and strategy,
efficient communication protocols, data processing and decision support systems, etc.
• Managing highly dynamic cloud membership
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• Managing highly dynamic cloud membership� there is a critical need to efficiently manage mobility, resource heterogeneity,
trust, and vehicle membership
• Cyber-Physical control� AVCs can be defined by their aggregated cyber and physical resources. Their
aggregation, coordination and control are non-trivial research issues.
• Cooperation between AVCs
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AVC policy challenges
• Trust and trust assurance� research is needed on developing a trustworthy base, negotiation and strategy
formulation methodology, efficient communication protocols, data processing
• Contract-driven versus ad hoc AVC� we anticipate that the bulk of AVCs will be contract-driven, where the owner of
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the vehicle or fleet consents to renting out some form of excess computational or storage capacity
� in addition to the contract-based form of AVC, there should be possible to form a AVC in an ad hoc manner as necessitated by dynamically changing situations
• Effective operational policies� In order for the AVCs to operate and inter-operate seamlessly, issues related to
authority establishment and management, decision support and control structure, the establishment of accountability metrics, assessment and intervention strategies, rules and regulations, standardization, etc.
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A call to action
• We expect cloud computing to see a phenomenal adoption rate and penetration of the IT market
• As cloud computing takes root it will be emulated by other areas
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areas• It is only a matter of time before it will be extended to
• vehicular assets from individual vehicles to entire fleets• cell phones and other commodity consumer products
• Are we ready for this paradigm shift?